Ne•.~ro Exam

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers fhe question.

1) Which of the following is true of nerve cell development? 1)A) T'he are about 100 billion nerve cells in the adult brain.B) Our brain can generate new nerve cells.C) Some nerve cells die during the first few years of life.D) The brain has excess neurons at birth.E) Al] of the above are correct.

2) Which of the following is true about neurons? 2)A) There are only about 15 basic neuron types.B) After childhood, the total number of neurons remains relatively constant throughout the

rest of a person's life.

C) Humans lose approximately 100 neurons per day.,., j riuii~an neurons u,e oniy when you are very otci. -E) Each type of neuron has its own distinct parts that are different from those in other

neurons.

3) The specialty in psychology that studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and menfal 3)processes isA) neurobiology.

B) neuroscience.

C) cognition.

D) biopsychology.E) biology.

4) is the interdisciplinary field involving biologists, psychologists, computer scientists, 4)and chemists.

A) Evolutionology

B) Neuroscience

C) EclecticismD) PsychiatryE) Human factors

5) Because the human brain is bom already programmed for Ianguage, we can say that language 5)is a(n) behavioral tendency.A) Teamed B} cerebral C) somatic D) critical E) innate

6) The theory of argues that organisms adapt over time to their unique environments. 6)A) cortical restructuringB) neuroscience

C} incremental functionalismD) adaptive realism

E} evolution

7) Darwin's theory of argues that evolution favors the survival and reproduction of 7)those organisms that are best adapted to their environment.A) natural selection /B) intelligent designC) creationism ;D) bipedalismE) specialization

8) Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that the only measure of success for a species is 8)A) not competing with members of the same species.B) the passing of genes along to succeeding generations.C) being the largest of the species.D) the uniqueness of the species.E) possessing the best coloring and shape of the species.

9) In purely evolutionary terms, which one would be a measure of your own success as an 9)organism?e i .,<,,,T ;nteilectiaa~-aceorr~ ,:~.~.i..«., ~ .B) the attractiveness of the individual you marryC) the number of children you haveD) the contributions you made to the happiness of humanityE) the length of your life

10) Charles Darwin's theory of evolution proposes all of the following EXCEPT 10)A) those traits that best served a given species are the traits most likely to be passed on to

future generations.B) humans evolved from montceys.C) our genetic makeup can contribute to the overall quality of our life.D) those who are best suited to their environment are more likely to create offspring.E) humans and monkeys shared a common ancestor millions of years ago.

I1) Which of the following is NOT a fact that supports evolution? 11)A) Some of our organs such as the gallbladder and appendix have come to serve a less

important function than they once did.B) There are certain foods (sweets and fats) that we are attracted to and others (bitter) thatwe generally dislike.

C) We are taller now than we were 100 years ago.D) Food preferences depend on culture and on early experience.E) We are more likely to fear (have phobias for) those things like snakes and spiders that

could potentially harm us.

12) Which of the fallowing is a characteristic that might be a part of your phenotype? 12)A) the members of your familyB) your height and eye colorC) what you have learned in schaotD) your genetic makeupE) the childhood diseases you have had

13) Which of the following did you NOT inherit from your parents?A) a tendency for a certain body build and weight rangeB) height ,/C)facialfeaturesD) falling in love with a certain individualE) hair color

14) The genetic structure you inherited from your parents is referred to as yourA) phenotype.B) chromotype.C) genetic hardiness.D) genomic identity.E) genotype.

15) The longcomplex molecule that encodes directions for the inherited physical and mentalcharacteristics of an organism isA) the phenotype.

C) a nucleotide.D} a chromosome.E} the genotype.

16) You and your brother have the same parents but look very different. How would abiopsychologist characterize this difference in your physical features?A) You have different genotypes.B) You have developed different neurons.C) You have acquired different habits.D) You are subject to different environmental selections.E) You have different phenotypes.

17) Behavior consistently found in a species is likely to have a genetic basis that evolved becausethe behavior has been adaptive. Which of the following human behaviors illustrates Phisconcept?A) driving a carB) eye colorC) languageD) Down syndromeE) All of the above are correct.

18) Which of the following statements expresses the correct relationship?A) DNA is made of chromosomes.B) Nucleotides are made of genes.C) Genes are made of DNA.D) DNA is made of genesE) Genes are made of chromosomes.

19) At the moment of conception, a male child receives chromosomes from his motherand from his father.A) 23; 23 B) 24; 24 C) 23; 46 D} 46; 23 E) 2; 2

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20) A male child inherits from their fathers. 20)A) only an X chromosomeB) no chromosomes /'C) orily a Y chromosomeD) either an X or a Y chromosome -E) both an X and a Y chromosome

21) The mechanism of genetic variation produces 21}A) more beneficial than maladaptive traits.B) beneficial traits that work to the organism's advantage.C~ more maladaptive than beneficial traits.D) maladaptive traits that work to the organism's disadvantage.E) both beneficial and maIadaptive traits at random.

22) Schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder, is thought to involve 22)A) a single phenotype.B) more than one gene.

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D) a single chromosome.E) the deletion of genes from the 22nd chromosome.

23) Why is it that identical twins can sometimes look different? 23}A) They may differ in the number of chromosomes that are contained in their hereditary

makeup.B) Some identical twins do not share the same genetic makeup.C~ The environment plays a role in how our genes are exhibited.D) Even though identical twins share the same genetic makeup, they can have differentDNA.

E) All of the above

24) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Down syndrome? 24)A) abnormality of the 21st chromosomeB) mental retardationC) a single outstanding talent or "gift," usually of an artistic natureD) impaired psychomotor developmentE) behavior that is modifiable through training

25) The initial goal of the Human Genome Project was to 25)A) figure out how to destroy dangerous genetic material.B) examine the degree of genetic similarity between humans and other animals.C) create new genetic material in scientific laboratories.D) determine the complete human genetic code.E) uncover the causes of each person's genetic makeup.

26} Cells that have not yet determined which type of tissue they will become are known as 26)

A) stem cells.B) nucleotides. /'

C) genes.D) DNA.E) chromosomes.

27) form the the body's two communication systems. 27)

A} The left and right hemispheres of the brain

B) The dendrites and the axonsC} Genetics and the environment

D) Reflexes and controlled behavior

E) The nervous system and the endocrine system

28) All of the following are important components of the endocrine system EXCEPT 28)

A) thyroid.

B) gonads.

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E) pituitary.

29) The is the basic unit or "building block" of the nervous system. 29)

A) neuron

B) soma

C) axon

D} terminal button

E) reflex

30) Afferent neurons 30)

A) transport messages between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

B) are responsible for delivering messages from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

C) continuously monitor the routine operation of the body's internal functions.

D} communicate directly with motor neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

E) carry messages from the sense organs to the CNS.

31) neurons carry messages to the central nervous system, and neurons carry 31)

messages away from the central nervous system.

A) Motor; sensoryB)Inter-; motor

C) Sensory; motorD) Inter-; sensory

E) Sensory; inter-

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32) Place the following types of neurons in the correct order, from the reception of a stimulusthrough a physical response.A} motor, inter-, sensory /B) sensory, inter-, motorC) inter-, motor, sensoryD) motor, sensory, interE) sensory motor, inter-

33) Every one of your actions arises fromA) the imperatives of natural selection.B) the peripheral nervous system.C) sympathetic nervous system activity.D) neurat impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain.E) neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles.

34) Which of the following is trae about intemeurons?A) ̀They relay messages between motor neurons.•.~.. tl:~ i Ott.' .:i iii :'SIT1.T71PX fTi'{~r~1i$ i• "?P 11. A1T1.

C) They are only found in the peripheral nervous system.D) They are not found in the brain and spinal cord.E) There are 200,000 of them for every motor neuron.

35) Dendrites do all of the following EXCEPTA} pick up messages from direct stimulation.B) carry messages to the terminal buttons.C) pickup messages from other neurons.D) carry messages to the cell body.E) transport messages across the synapse.

36) Neural signals travel along a neuron in what order?A) axon, soma, dendrite, terminal buttonB) terminal button, soma, dendrite, axonC) dendrite, soma, axon, terminal buttonD) dendrite, axon, soma, terminal buttonE) axon, dendrite, soma, terminal button

37) In a neuron theA) synapse

determines whether or not a given neuron will "fire: 'B) soma C) myelin D) axon E) dendrite

38) Which of the following may cause a neuron to fire?A} The inhibitory signals outweighing the excitatory signals received by the neuronB) The excitatory signals outweighing the inhibitory signals received by the neuronC) activating the neurotransmitters held in Ehe terminal buttonsD) having a positive charge inside of the neuronE) ensuring that the axon is properly covered with myelin sheath

D

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39) The charge in the resting neuron is 39)A) primarily effected by neurotransmitters.B) primarily a negative charge. tC) primarily a positive charge.D) neither a negative or a positive charge.E) primarily effected by hormones.

40) Which of the following is NOT true of neuron function? 40)A) A stimulus will eifher "fire" the neuron or it will fail to fire it.B) The action potential is due to positive ions flowing into the neuron.C) At rest, the nerve cell has a slight negative charge across the membrane.D) The action potential is a switch from negative to positive potential that moves along the

axon membrane.E) Nerve cells orily use electrical signals to communicate with each other.

41) When an action potential moves down an axon, all of the following occur EXCEPT 41)A) positive ions rush into the axon.Ft~. ~ c~i~~(j`~~ .'.~;~T.:.', iT c`lo~̂ `̂ i _PC-!!'g~ occ~_~rs-within ~he:axor~.:~~, -C) achemical message accompanies the electrical impulse as it migrates along the axon.D) it moves like a row of falling dominoes as it moves down the axon.E) the myelin sheath facilitates the quick movement of the message down the axon.

42) Why is it possible that some weak signals (such as a mosquito landing on your arm) go 42)

completely unnoticed?A) It is attempting to send the message through a motor neuron.B) Only a few neurons are firing and they are too weak to detect.C) Neurons fire with anall-or-nothing response and the mosquito may not provide enough

impulse fo a neuron to reach its threshold.D) The mosquito is sending only inhibitory responses to our neurons.E) The signal gets weaker as it moves down the axon.

43) During the process of synaptic communication, 43)

A) a chemical message is sent across the synapse.B) information is passed between the two cerebral hemispheres.C) a gland releases a hormone into the bloodstream.D) the neuron becomes silent.E) information is sent from the reticular formation to the cortex.

44) In preparation for synaptic transmission, fhe in the axon is converted at the terminal 44)

buttons into a(n) that can traverse the synaptic gap.A) ionic impulse; electrical impulseB} myelin sheath; electrical impulseC) electrical impulse; chemical messageD) chemical message; electrical impulseE) myelin sheath; chemical message

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45) Which one of the following holds the neurotransmitters and eventually releases-then into the 45)synapse for transmittal to the next neuron?A) somaB) axonC) terminal buttonsD) dendritesE) myelin sheath

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46) are biochemical substances that are released into the synaptic cleft to stimulate or 46)suppress other neurons.A) NeurohormonesB) HormonesC) ReceptorsD) InterneuronsE) Neurotransmitters

47) The process of reuptake involves 47~~~-tl'lE F7'.G-• i.1cj ~: v. ; ;iii •..- ;~ ~: i. ~ i~:c iJti~c~nA n. t~A .•vnn,

B) neurotransmitters moving from the synapse back to the presynapfic terminal buttons.C) the movement of negative ions to the outside of the axon.D) the building up of the myelin sheath around the axon.E) neurotransmitters moving from the synapse into the postsynaptic receptor sites.

48) Eddie has just stepped on a nail. There are pain messages moving through many of his 48)neurons. Which of fhe following is the best summation of how that message will move fromone neuron to the next?A) Neurotransmitters carry the pain message from the dendrites of one neuron to the soma

of the next.B) The terminal buttons will match up the response to the appropriate neurotransmitter.C) The process of reuptake will allow the message to move across the synapse.D) Neurotransmitters generated by the pain-receptor neurons carry messages to receptor

sites on the next neuron.E) All of the above are true.

49) Sam works as a bicycle messenger in lower Manhattan. Whether he knows it or not, he relies 49)of his nervous system's production of ,which carry information between , toenable him to maneuver safely.A) hormones; glandsB)neurons;axonsC) neurotransmitters; glandsD) neurotransmitters; nerve cellsE) hormones; nerve cells

50) Individuals who abuse opiates such as heroin or morphine are artificially increasing theirlevels ofA) acetylcholine. fB) norepinephrine.C) endorphins.D) serotonin.E) estrogen.

51) Schizophrenia is thought toinvolve ahigher-than-normal level ofthe brain.A) dopamine.B) GABA.C) acetylcholine.D) endorphins.E) serotonin.

50)

in some circuits of 51)

52) Individuals who suffer from depression sometimes lack which of the following^urofransmitt~rs? ._., 'A) GABA

B) acetylcho}ineC) dopamineD) endorphinsE) serotonin

53) A person whose brain has an imbalance of serotonin would likely suffer fromA) epilepsy.B) Alzheimer's disease.C) Parkinson's disease.D) high blood pressure.E) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

54) Disturbances of the neurotransmitterA) GABAB) glutamateC) norepinephrineD) dopamineE) serotonin

can produce memory problems.

55) Hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD (Iysergic acid diethylamide), produce their effects via anaction on the neurotransmitterA) acetylcholine.B) dopamine.C) endorphin.D) serotonin.E) GABA.

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56) Peter suffers damage to his left frontal lobe and loses the ability to speak, although he can still 56)understand speech. Despite the permanence of this damage, he is able to recover some of hisspeech due to the ability of other parts of the brain to take over lost fixnGC'ion. Thisphenomenon is known by neuroscientists asA) compensation.B) plasticity.C) adaptiveness.D) flexibility.E) homeostasis.

57) Afour-year-old boy was accidentally shot in the head. Though most of his left hemisphere 57)was removed three years later he was nearly normal. What term best explains the ability of thebrain to recover from injury by rewiring itself, especially in the young?A) reflexologyB} refractionC) expandibilityD) plasticity~~ ,-~,,,,+akP

58) Multiple sclerosis is a disease that involves the degeneration of the 58)A) terminal buttons.B) dendrites.C) soma, or cell body.D) myelin sheath.E) axon.

59) Scientists now believe that glial cells play an important role in all of the following EXCEPT 59)A) certain brain diseases, such as MS.B) the production of myelin sheath.C) helping to form new synapses.D) producing neurotransmitters.E) structural support for neurons.

60) Marla has MS, which means that, even though she knows that she wants to walk, her brain is 60)not commtuiicating well with her muscles. Which one of the following is happening in Marla'snervous system?A) The myelin sheath surrounding fhe nerve cells in her motor pathways is beginning to

break down.B) Her sympathetic nervous system is depressing her motor movements.C) The charges inside of the neurons in her brain are not working properly.D) She is not producing enough of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.E) Her sensory neurons are not picking up the messages she wants to send.

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61) The two major subsystems of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the 61)nervous system.

A) sympatheticB) peripheralC) autonomicD) somaticE) parasympathetic

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62) The central nervous system is comprised of all the neurons in the and the 62)A) muscles; terminal buttonsB) axons; dendritesC) brain; skeletal musclesD) brain; spinal cordE) glands; spinal cord

63) A person such as the late actor Christopher Reeve could become paralyzed from the neck 63)down because of accidental damage to the

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B} limbic system.

C) sympathetic nervous system.D) spinal cord.

E) sensory neurons..

64) Amy has an itch on her nose and would like to scratch it. What part of her nervous system will 64)carry the message to move her arm and scratch her nose.A) parasympathetic nervous systemB) autonomic nervous system

C) sympathetic nervous systemD) afferent nervous systerrt

E) somatic nervous system

65} The peripheral nervous system is comprised of 65)A) the parasympathetic nervous system and the central nervous system.B) the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system.C) the autonomic nervous system and the sympathetic division.D) the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.E) the somatic nervous system and the sympathetic division.

66) "Fight-or-flight" behavior is associated withA) central nervous system.

B) the parasympathetic division.

C) the sympathetic division.

D) inferneurons.

E) the somatic nervous system.

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66)

67) The parasympathetic nervous system is a subdivision of 6~A) the sympaEhetic nervous system.B) the somafic nervous system. . /C) the central nervous system.D) the limbic system.E) the autonomic nervous system.

68) is an example of a parasympathetic function.A) Preparing for a competitive dance competitionB} Promoting your sexual developmentC) Figuring out the answer to a difficult test questionD) Monitoring the operation of the body's routine functioningE) Preparing yourself to fight an attacking dog

69) is an example of a sympathetic response.A) Monitoring the operation of the body's routine functioningB) Picking up a dime off the floor{'~

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D) Promoting your sexual developmentE) Preparing yourself to fight an attacking dog

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70) All of the following are characteristic of an active sympathetic nervous system EXCEPT 7Q)A) accelerated heartbeat.B)increased digestion.C) secretion of adrenaline.D) dilated pupils.E) inhibition of salivation.

71) Hormones are chemicals secreted into the bloodstream by 71}A) endocrine glands.B) dendritic terminals.C) synapses.D) neurotransmitters.E) axon terminals.

72) The sexual desire of a woman is primarily determined by hormones produced by her 72)A) ovaries.B) posterior pituitary.C) pancreas.D) adrenal glands.E) thyroid.

73) Secretions from the thyroid gland controlA) uterine contractions.B) breast milk excretion.C) stress reaction.D) metabolism.E) sperm production.

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73)

74) Hormones from the influence fema]e sex characteristics, while hormones from the 74)influence male sex characteristics.

A) ovaries; thyroid rB) pituitary; thyroidC) ovaries; testesD) thyroid; testesE) testes; ovaries

75) The is a limbic region that sends messages to the "master gland," which in turn 75)controls the endocrine system.A) hypothalamusB} amygdalaC) pituitary glandD) adrenal cortexE) reticular formation

76) The "master gland" is a term that refers to the 76)a .iI1~1~1 )A~~ :Y gin. ~i 1. -:. ~.

B) thalamus.C) hypothalamus.D) pituitary gland.E) adrenal gland.

77) Prozac (flaoxetine) acts as a(n) ,which increases the availability of serotonin_ 77)A) hormoneB) neurotransmitter

C) antagonistD)synapseE) agonist

78) A drug that mimics the effects of neurotransmitters, thus enhancing production is called a(n) 78)A) antagonist.B) agonist.C) endorphin.D) hormone.E) neurotransmitter.

79) Which of the following is taste of Prozac? ~9)A) Amphetamine is another name for Prozac.B) Prozac is an antagonist for dopamine receptors.C} Prozac elevates serotonin levels in the brain.D) The effects of Prozac are specific to mood.E) B and C are correct.

80) A recording of brain waves using electrodes placed on the scalp is called a(n) 80)A) PET. B) GABA. C) MRI. D) EEG. E) RAS.

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81) Which of the following type of measure that would be most appropriate for revealing 81)abnormalities in brain waves such as occurs in an epileptic seizure?A) PET. B) EEG. C) CT. D) FMRI.:! E) MRI.

82) Which scanning method produces a computerized image of X rays that have been passed 82)through the brain at various angles?A) neurosurgeryB) PET scanningC} MRI scanningD) psychosurgeryE) CT' scanning

83) In the procedure, a composite picture of neuron activity is produced by detecting 83)atomic particles emitted by a radioactive dye that is selectively absorbed by active neurons.A) PET B) C1' C) MRI D) fMRI E) EEG

84) Which one is a scaniung device that produces very detailed images with..out using X-rays or R4} _ _-

A) PET. B) MRI. C} EEG. D) RAS. E) CT.

85) The fMRI has the capacity both to produce detailed images and to 85}A) take a detailed X ray of the brain while the person is conscious.B) distinguish more active tissues fro~n less active ones.C} measure the magnetic fields in the brain.D) control brain activity by'stimulating various brain regions.E) detect cell activity throughout the brain.

86) Which of the following is NOT a brain imaging technique? 86)A) FMRI B) MRI C) PET D) C'T E) RAS

87) All brain scanning techniques currently face weaknesses in terms of how they image the brain. 87)Which of the following would best explain the wealmess of the PET scan?A) It is not as good as the MRI in distinguishing fine details of brain siz-ucture.B) It carulot capture responses in the brain that are longer than a few seconds.C) It is not very good at tracking brain activity.D) It is not a color image.E) Al] of the above are correct.

88} What is one of the benefits of using an fMRI? 88)A) It provides an X-ray type image of the brain.B) It tracks levels of glucose used by the brain to indicate levels of high brain activity.C) It provides the most detailed images of the brain and brain activity.D) It uses X rays passed through the brain at a number of different angles to detect a static

image of the brain.E) It can provide information about brain wave activity.

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89) From an evolutionary perspective, which part of our brain is the oldest and looks much the 89)same as that of a reptile or an ape?A) frontal lobe ,/B) parietal lobeC) cerebral cortexD) limbic systemE) brain stem

90) Nerve fibers that interconnect the left side of the brain to the right side of the body (and vice 90)versa) cross over the brain midline at theA} thalamus.B) amygdaIa.C) cerebrum.D) brain stem.E) hypothalamus.

91) Our ability to breathe is controlled by the , which is located within the 91)

B) cerebellum; midbrainC) medulla; brairistemD) brain stem; medullaE) pons; forebrain

92) While swimming, George made a bad turn during the last lap and hit his head and neck on the 92)waIl. He is now having trouble breathing. Which of the following brain stem areas would beresponsible for this function?A) thalamusB) reticular formationC) ponsD) cerebellumE) medulla

93) Sleep and dreaming are regulated by theA) hippocampus.B) amygdala.C) pons.D) thalamus.E) pituitary gland.

93)

94) Arousal would be most likely to be produced by stimulation of the 94)A) parasympathetic nervous system.B) occipital lobe.C) cerebellum.D) reticular activating system.E) efferent nervous system.

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95) You are sleeping and are suddenly startled by the fire alarm in your house going off. Almost 95)immediately you are awake and ready to find your family to help them outside. Which of thefollowing areas of the brain stem would most likely be responsible for our speedy alertbehavior?A) medullaB) reticular formationC) ponsD) cerebellumE) brain stem

96) W~►ich sensory system does NOT relay information through the thalamus en route to the 96)cortex?

A) painB) somatosensoryC) visionY7) smellE) audition

97) Hearing a bird sing involves the transfer of auditory information from the ear through the 97)which will direct messages to the auditory cortex.

A) the thalamusB) Broca's areaC) the ponsD) the hypothalamusE) the auditory hemisphere

98) The is responsible for trafficking almost alI of the brain's incoming and outgoing 98)sensory and motor information.A) thalamusB) reticular formationC) hypothalamusD) ponsE} hippocampus

99) Which of the following structures is attached to the brain stem, where it is involved in the 99)coordination of movement?A) thalamusB) cerebellumC) ponsD) medullaE) reticular formation

100) The is important for the human ability to tap dance and walk on a tightrope. 100) _A) amygdalaB) thalamusC) hippocampusD) hypothalamusE) cerebe}lum

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101) Research now suggests that which of the following brain stem functions plays a role in 102 )remembering sequential events, such as the notes in a melody?A) reticular formation jB) cerebeIlumC) medullaD) ponsE) thalamus

102) Which of the following animals would have the most fully developed limbic system? 102)A) fish B) frog C) alligator D) snake E) elephant

103) The story of H. M. shows that damage to the would be expected to impair your 103)ability to remember events that occurred after the injury.A) corpus callosumB) hippocampusC) hypothalamusD) reticular formation

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104) A person who has has suffered damage to the hippocampus would be expected to have 2 04)difficulty withA) remembering new information.B) controlling his temper.C) moving in a smooth manner.D) remembering events from his distant past.E) concentrating on complex tasks.

105) A stroke that damages parts of your amygdala would be expected to 105)A) calm your angry disposition or make you fearful.B) make you feel sleepy.C) increase your sexual desire.D) make you feel hungry.E) erase important memories.

106) Rhesus monkeys who had their lesioned changed from foul-tempered beings to 106)docile creatures.A} thalamusB) cerebellumC) hippocampusD) hypothalamusE) amygdala

107} Which of the following situations is NOT processed by the limbic system? 107)A) You get angry and want to hit a person who has just bumped into you.B) You are trying to reason through a logic problem in math class.C) You feel aroused by the good-looking person sitting next to you.D) You are feeling hungry because you have not eaten since yesterday.E) You remember how your grandmother's living room looked.

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108) Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely linked to pleasurable sensations 108)generated in the limbic system?A) acetylcholine . ~B) dopamineC) adrenaline -D) GABAE) norepinepherine

109) The is involved in the regulation of feeding, drinking, and sexual behavior. 109)A) hippocampusB) hypothalamusC) thalamusD) amygdalaE) medulla

110) The is that part of the limbic system that maintains homeostasis in the body in terms 110)of temperature, hunger, and thirst.

B) spinal cordC) hypothalamusD) reticular formationE) hippocampus

111) Place the following in the correct order to show the sequence in which a message might be sent 111)from the brain through the endocrine system.A) pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenalsB} hypothalamus, gonads, pituitaryC) hypothalamus, pituitary, fihyroidD) thyroid, pituitary, hypothalamusE) parathyroids, pituitary, ovaries

112) Which brain structure was altered during the process of evolution in humans, resulting in 112}higher levels of cognitive functioning?A) cerebral cortexB) amygdalaC) ponsD) cerebellumE) hypothalamus

113) The controls functions such as reasoning, creating, and problem solvu-ig. 113)A) cerebellumB) cerebral cortexC) limbic systemD) brain stemE) spinal cord

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114) Damage to the would impair our ability to think and perceive. 114)A) autonomic nervous systemB) cerebellum fC) spinal cordD) hypothalamus -E)cerebralcortex

115) The of the human brain accounts for two-thirds of the brain's total mass. 115)A) limbic systemB) brain stemC) cerebral cortexD) corpus callosumE) frontal lobes

116) developed the concept of 116)A) Wilder Penfield; cerebral dominanceB) Franz Gall; localization of function~~'; y.:~ : ti;:i-~:er; ~~:ebral c~oniirrance „D) Gustav Fritz; germ theoryE) Paul Broca; cortical processing styles

117) The doctrine of phrenology suggested that 117)A) the brain had specific areas that were responsible for certain functions, indicated by

bumps on the skull.B) damage to the parietal lobe would create sensory changes.C) the capacity for speech was held in our left hemisphere.D) damage to the frontal lobe would create changes in personality.E} the two hemispheres performed complementary mental tasks.

118) German surgeons Fritsch and Hitzig found that when they stimulated the exposed cortex on 118)injured soldiers, the soldiers would occasionally move an arm or leg when a certain locationwas touched. Which area of the brain had Fritsch and Hitzig discovered?A) Broca's areaB) cerebellumC) somatosensory cortexD) hippocampusE) motor cortex

119) The case of Phineas Gage showed that trauma to the could drastically change 119}personality.A} frontal lobesB} temporal lobesC) central fissureD) parietal cortexE) lateral fissure

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120) The action of grabbing your keys with your right hand is controlled by yourA) association cortex.B) right somatosensory cortex. .rC) right motor cortex.D) temporal lobes.E) left motor cortex.

121) You are holding an ice cube in your left hand. Yon touch it and find that it is hard and slickand cold. Soon the coldness becomes painful. Most of this information is processed by the

cortex in the lobe.A) motor; right frontalB) somatosensory; right parietalC) visual; left occipitalD) association; left parietalE) somatosensory; right frontal

122) The processes information about body position.~ a, ...la... a .~. .

B) somatosensory cortexC) hippocampusD) temporal lobeE) motor cortex

123) Some boxers have permanent vision damage from their years of fighting. Which of the lobeswould incur damage to create this result?A) lateral B) frontal C) parietal D) temporal E) occipital

124) Your temporal lobes are important for processing of signals.A) visual B) olfactory C} gustatory D) auditory E) tactile

125) Some schizophrenic patients who claim to be experiencing auditory hallucinations haveirregular activity in the of their brain.

A). frontal lobeB) parietal lobeC) association areasD) occipital lobeE) temporal lobe

126) A task that is most likely coordinated by the association cortex isA) touch sensation.B) decision making.C) emotion regulation.D) speech production.E) motor skills execution.

20

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12~ concluded that language production depended on the functioning of structures in aspecific region of the left hemisphere.A) Phineas Gage ,/B} Roger SperryC) Rene DescartesD) Paul BrocaE) Charles Darwin

128) refers to the tendency for each hemisphere of the brain to take control of differentfunctions.A} NeurotransmissionB) Spatial orientationC) Cerebral dominanceD) Cortical transmissionE) Homeostasis

129) Spatial orientation appears to be a function of the brain's ,while speech processing is

A) visual lobe; frontal lobeBj central lobe; left hemisphereC) left hemisphere; right hemisphereD) temporal lobe; parietal lobeE) right hemisphere; left hemisphere

130) In most people, of the brain is most involved in visual-spatial activities.A) the left sideB) the right sideC) neither sideD) the lower surfaceE) rear aspect

131) The interconnects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.A) cerebellumB) pituitaryC) limbic systemD) cerebral cortexE) corpus callosum

132) A surgical procedure that attempts to prevent violent electrical rhythms from crossing fromone hemisphere to another involvesA~ severing the corpus callosum.B) stimulating the hypothalamus.C) rearranging the cerebrum.D) inactivating the cerebral cortex.E) stimulating the cerebellum.

21

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133) Sperry and Gazzaniga found that split-brain patients could verbally idenfify a spoon 133)A) that was presented in the left visual field.B) that was presented in the right visual field. ~C) that they felt with either hand.D) that they felt with either hand, but only if they had previously seen it.E) that they felt with the left hand.

22

1. 3 35. B 69. E

2. B 36.0 70.B

3. D 37. B 71. A

4. B 38. B 72. D

5. E 39. B 73. D

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20. C 54. B 88. C

21.E 55.D 89.E

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25. D 59. D 93. C

26. A 60. A 94. D

27.E 61.6 95. B

28. C 62. D 96. D

29. A 63. D 97. A

30.E 64.E 98. A

31.0 65.D 99.B

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33.E 67.E 101.

34. B 68. D 102.

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