Nemetschek Campus Allplan - Step by Step Roof Modeling, Rafter Design

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Nemetschek CampusAllplan

Step by StepRoof Modeling,Rafter Design



This documentation has been produced with the utmost care.

Nemetschek AG and the program authors have no liability to the purchaser or any other entity, with respect to any

liability, loss, or damage caused, directly or indirectly by this software, including but not limited to, any interruptions o

service, loss of business, anticipatory profits, or consequential damages resulting from the use or operation of this

software. Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

Companies, names and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may bereproduced or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express

written permission of Nemetschek AG.

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Parts of this product were developed using LEADTOOLS.

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Allplan®, Allplot® and Allfa® are registered trademarks of Nemetschek AG, Munich.

All other (registered) trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Photos: Ch. Mills

Nemetschek AG, Munich, 2002. All rights reserved.

1st edition, April 2003

Document No. 170eng01s06-1-BM0403



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Contents

Contents

Welcome to the Roof! ............................................................

Requirements..................................................................................................

A Request.........................................................................................................

Sources of Information ...............................................................................

Training, Coaching and Project Support................................................

Roof Frames – An Introduction ...........................................

Roof frames are not roofs!.........................................................................

Objectives.........................................................................................................

Basic Settings for the Exercises ................................................................

Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes..............................................

Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan ...............................................................

Task 2: Gable/Hip Roof ................................................................................

Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof ............................................................................Task 3: Gambrel Roof...................................................................................

Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes.................................................

Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers .............................................

Task 1: Draw Floor Plan...............................................................................

Task 2: Gambrel Roof Frame......................................................................

Task 3: Insert Dormers .................................................................................

Task 4: Copy Roof Frame ............................................................................

Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening ..................................................................

Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers................................................



II Contents Allplan

Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements.............................69

Task 1: Rafter Roof ............................................................................................ 70

Task 2: Hip and Valley Rafters........................................................................ 75

Task 3: Ridge Purlin and Inferior Purlin...................................................... 77

Task 4: Posts......................................................................................................... 80

Task 5: Header..................................................................................................... 81

Task 6: Rafter-supporting Purlins, Collar Ties ........................................... 83

Task 7: Roof Covering....................................................................................... 85

Task 8: Timber Schedule................................................................................... 88

Exercise 4: Making Alterations to the Roof........................91

Task 1: Modify Roof Profile ............................................................................ 93

Task 2: Split and Lower Section..................................................................... 95

Task 3: Half-hipped Roof................................................................................. 97

Additional Information on Making Roof Alterations ...........................100

Exercise 5: Design Steel Skeleton........................................101

Task 1: Create Custom Sections...................................................................102

Task 2: Place HEB Sections............................................................................104

Designing Custom Planes.......................................................109

An Outlook on the 3D Modeling Module.................................................109

Index............................................................................................113



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Welcome to the Roof!

Welcome to the Roof!This guide is designed to give an overview of the RafDesign and Roof Modeler modules. It contains severa

examples in the form of exercises. These are used to

show how to design the most common roof shapes.

This is followed by a more complex example in which

you will learn how to design a dormer with a roof

overhang, place rafters and roof beams as well as

generate bills of materials.

Finally, the main modification tools are presented.

We wish you fun and success with the Roof Modeler

Rafter Design modules!



2 Requirements Allplan

Requirements

This step-by-step guide assumes that you are familiar with and have

a working knowledge of Windows and Allplan. These basics arecovered in the Allplan manual. Detailed information on 2D draftingand design is provided in the step-by-step guide entitled "Basics".

In particular, you should know:

How to create and manage projects.

How to make drawing files current, and how to set them to editand reference mode.

How to use the 2D tools.

How to use the point snap tools, and how to apply filters

(Point assistant and Filter Assistant toolbars).

You should work through the exercises in the given sequence astools that are presented in more detail in the earlier exercises areonly referred to by name in later exercises.




A Request

We are always trying to improve the overall quality of our progr

documentation. Your comments and suggestions are important tand we welcome feedback on the manuals and online help.

Please do not hesitate to contact us to express criticism or praiseconcerning the documentation. Feel free to contact us as follows

Documentation department

Nemetschek AGKonrad-Zuse-Platz 1

81829 Munich

Germany

Phone: +49 (0)89 927 93-0

Fax: +49 (0)89 927 93-5200Email: [email protected]



4 Sources of Information Allplan

Sources of Information

DocumentationThe Allplan documentation consists of the following:

The online Help is the main source of information for learningabout and working with Allplan.

While you work with Allplan, you can get help on the current

function by pressing the F1 key, or activate Help on the

Standard toolbar and point to the icon on which you requirehelp.

The manual consists of three parts The first part shows you how

to install Allplan. The second part provides an overview of basicconcepts and terms as well as methods for entering data in

Allplan. The third part contains a tutorial.

The brochure New Features In ... provides information on what's

new in the latest version.

Each volume in the Step-by-Step series deals with a specificconcept or series of tools/modules in Allplan in detail. The areascovered include data management, system administration,geodesy modules, presentation tools, 3D modeling etc. These

guides can also be obtained from the Nemetschek training

department:

Nemetschek AG

Training departmentKonrad-Zuse-Platz 181829 MunichGermany

Phone: +49 (0)89+927 93-1512Fax: +49 (0)89+927 93-5546




Additional Help

Tips for efficient usage

The Help menu contains the Tips for efficient usage item. This tprovides an overview of important tips and tricks.

LineLetter

The LineLetter is a publication that appears several times a year.

sent free of charge to customers with a software maintenancecontract (Software Service Agreement). The LineLetter includespractical tips and tricks on all program areas.

The LineLetter Archive can be found on Nemetschek ’s web pagesthe Internet and can be accessed by SSA customers only. Thus,

can also search through older issues and read interesting topics.

FAQs on the Internet

Up-to-date FAQs are available on the Internet at the following

address:

http://www.nemetschek.de/faq.nsf

Note: You can also get this address right from program. On the H

menu, point to Nemetschek in the Internet and click FAQs.

Feedback on the Help

If you have suggestions or questions on the online Help, or if yocome across an error, send an e-mail message to:

[email protected]

Note: You can also get this address right from the online Help. T

this, go to the Allplan menu and click Help Feedback .



6 Training, Coaching and Project Support Allplan

Training, Coaching and Project Support

The type of training you are given is a decisive factor in the amount

of time you actually spend working on your own projects: A professional introduction to the programs and advanced seminars for advanced users can save you up to 35% of your editing time!

A tailor-made training strategy is essential. Nemetschek ’s seminar centers offer an extensive range of programs and are happy to work out a custom solution with you that will address your own needs and

requirements:

Our sophisticated, comprehensive seminar program is thequickest way for professional users to learn how to use the newsystem.

Special seminars are designed for users who wish to extend andoptimize their knowledge of Allplan.

One-on-one seminars are best when it comes to addressing your own particular methods of working.

One-day crash courses, designed for office heads, convey the

essentials in a compact format.

We are also happy to hold seminars on your premises! Theseencompass not only Allplan issues but include analysis andoptimization of processes and project organization.

The up-to-date seminar guide is provided on the Internet at thefollowing address:

www.nemetschek.de/campus

For more detailed information on the current training program,please contact the Nemetschek training center in Munich:

Phone: +49 (0)89 927 93-1512

Fax: +49 (0)89 927 93-5546



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Roof Frames – An Introduction

Roof Frames – An

IntroductionRoof frames are not roofs!

You may already have encountered the Roof Frame t

in the Architecture module for creating gable and baroofs.

The Roof Modeler module includes even more tools t

significantly facilitate the design of complex roofs lik

gambrel roofs as well as dormers.

But careful!

The elements you create here are not actually roofs –

they are actually a collection of pairs of roof planes!

These have priority over the default reference planes.



8 Roof frames are not roofs! Allplan

Start by creating the planes. Not only is the inclined roof plane at thetop created; you can also change the height of the bottom plane. Thedesign elements are then connected to the planes. Elements like

slabs, walls, and rafters adapt automatically, provided that their height has been set in the appropriate manner.

To fully exploit the advantages afforded by this module, try to

imagine the roof frame you create not as a roof, but as a series of planes that you create one after the other until all the roof components are in place!

The approach for creating roof frames is always the same: First select

the Roof Frame or Dormer tool, then enter the outline of the roof;define the height and pitch in a dialog box and, finally, apply theselected shape to the frame structure.

All the roof shapes in this module can be combined as desired. Youdo not need to create a new roof frame. All you have to do is select a

different roof shape before applying more slopes to the roof edges.

Bear in mind that you are not creating an actual roof but acollection of custom reference planes. All the terms used – ridge,height of eaves, pitch etc. – refer solely to the planes in Allplan.




Default reference planes

Think of the default reference planes as two horizontal planes (oupper plane and one lower plane) that stretch to infinity. The heof each plane can be changed as required.

Architectural elements that are associated with the reference pla(you can specify this when you create the elements) – for exampwalls – will adapt automatically to the new height whenever youchange the height of the reference planes.

Component associatedwith reference planes

Default upper plane

Default lower plane

Custom planes and roof frames

In addition to the two default reference planes, you can define aunlimited number of custom reference planes.

These special planes have priority over both default reference plaPlacing a custom pair of planes (or, for that matter, a roof frameover elements whose height is bound to the default planes will cthose elements to adapt to the new envelope imposed by the cus

planes.

Tip: To change the height of

the default planes, clickDefault Planes (Roofs and

Planes flyout).

Tip: To define a custom pairof reference planes, click

Custom Planes (Create

flyout in the Architecturemodule).



10 Roof frames are not roofs! Allplan

Component associatedwith reference planes

Upper plane in roof frame

Lower plane in roof frame

In each area of the drawing file, however, only one pair of referenceplanes can apply at any one time. When two pairs of customreference planes overlap, the pair entered last always applies: it has

priority over both the custom pairs of reference planes and default

reference planes entered previously.

Pairs of reference planes in other drawing files only affect thearchitectural elements that are located in the same drawing file asthe reference planes themselves.

Architectural elements can only be governed by a single pair of reference planes. The pair of reference planes entered last has

priority over the others.

Pairs of reference planes only affect the architectural elementsthat are located in the same drawing file as the reference planesthemselves.




Objectives

The following section presents the exercises in this guide.

Gable/Hip Roof

Design gable/hip roof

Enter roof outline with overhang

Design roof by forcing it through a point (Set Point option)

Mono-pitch Roof

Define the roof using the height coordinates of 2 points



12 Objectives Allplan

Gambrel Roof

Design roof shapes with multiple pitches using the Gambrel Roof'function

Barrel Roof and Related Shapes

Design curved roofs with the Barrel Roof' function

Apply a barrel roof shape to outlines of any shape




Roof with Dormers

Design planes for concrete gambrel roof

Insert dormers in a roof

Design dormer roof and walls

Draw planes for top roof

Rafters and Timber Elements

Place rafters on gambrel roof and top roof

Design timber elements (hip/valley rafters, roof beams, heade



14 Objectives Allplan

Making Alterations to the Roof

Apply a new roof shape

Lower part of the bottom of the roof

Apply half hip at a precise height




Design Steel Skeleton

Select shapes from a catalog and create your own ones

Material assignment: Steel



16 Basic Settings for the Exercises Allplan

Basic Settings for the Exercises

This guide assumes that you have selected the "Architecture

Configuration” and that you are activating the tools via flyouts or the menu bar.

To set the Architecture toolbar

On the View menu, point to Default Configurations and click

Architecture Configuration.

Now, the Architecture toolbar is available in addition to the Basic

Tools toolbar:

Roofs and Planes flyout

Architectural Components flyout

Architectural Openings flyout

Rooms flyout

Stairs flyout

Rafter Design flyout

3D Modification flyout

To create a new project

First create a new project called Roof in ProjectPilot.

Tip: You don't need to do thisif you have alreadycustomized your workspace.

Tip: Notes and instructions onproject organization areprovided in the online Help.




Next, make settings for the scale, pen and linetype that you will in the exercises. As this guide finishes with a bill of materials, alselect the catalog in which you will enter the required materials.These settings correspond to the defaults that apply after installin

Allplan. Nevertheless, you should check these settings and chang

them if necessary.

To make initial settings

1 Check the reference scale Scale set on the status bar.

If it is not set to 1:100, click the number and select 1 : 100.

2 Check Length setting on the status bar. If it is not set to m, c

the data entry box and select m.

3 Select pen thickness 0.25 and linetype 1 (Format toolbar).

4 Click Options (Standard toolbar) and select Architecture.

5 Open the Settings tab. In the Catalogs, paths area, click the

Catalog... button. In the Catalog Assignment dialog box, sele

the User-def. (katlg1) entry in the Material for area and ena

katlg1 in pulldowns. Select Project.

6 Press to confirm the Catalog Assignment dialog box.

"Catalog 1" will be the default catalog for selecting materials

all the dialog boxes. You will create and expand this catalog yourself as you go along. However, in each dialog box, you c

also select a different catalog from among those listed above

7 Click to close the Architecture Options

Tip: You can also set the units

in the Global Options.



18 Basic Settings for the Exercises Allplan



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes

Exercise 1:

Basic Roof ShapesIn the exercises that follow you will learn about the f

basic possibilities for designing a roof:

Gable/hip roof

Gable/hip roof using 2 points

Roof with custom profile

Barrel roof

For these four examples you will only create the

architectural frame. You will not apply a roof coverin

Drawing a sketch with a sectional view of the roof or

entire building is often helpful. The sketch can show

height of the top level of the unfinished floor, the hei

of the jamb wall and the roof overhang.

This sectional view will serve as a basis for the exercithat follow:

Tip: You can also combineoptions within the same roof outline. For example, you canapply a gable roof profile onone side and a custom profileon the other.



20 Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan Allplan

Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan

The height of both default reference planes needs to be set for the

examples in this exercises. When designing multiple stories, these values are normally obtained

by using the Raise File tool. In our case we will enter the valuesdirectly.

To set default reference planes

1 Click Default Planes (Roofs and Planes flyout) and enter the

values as shown below:

2 Press OK to confirm.




First draw a simple cube with a base area of 8 m x 12 m. The topbottom levels of the walls are associated with the reference planthe wall thickness is 36.5 cm.

To design the building

Make drawing file 1 current.

1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout).

2 Click Properties and set the following parameters:

- Thickness: 0.365 m

- Setup :

TL relative to upper plane: 0.00

BL relative to the lower plane: 0.00

This sets the walls flush with the default upper and lower

reference planes.



22 Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan Allplan

3 On the context toolbar, select the Straight Wall option.

Press OK to close the dialog box.

4 Click in the workspace to set the start point .

5 … place a point or enter dx vector

Enter the length of the first wall in the x direction: 8.0

6 Offset direction Click anywhere above the wall.

7 … place a point or

enter dy vector : 12.0

dx : -8.0

dy : -12.0

8 Press ESC to quit the tool.

As the building will be required for several exercises, copy it todrawing files 2 and 3.

To copy building to different drawing files

1 On the File menu, click Copy/Move Elements between Files...

2 Click Copy to Target Drawing File and select drawing file 2.

3 Press to confirm.

4 Select the element(s) you want to copy to file 2

To do this, two options are provided:

On the dynamic toolbar, click All.

Double click with the right mouse button in the workspace to

address all the elements in the drawing file.

5 Repeat steps 2 to 4 to copy the building to drawing file 3, too.

dx = 8,0

dy = 12,0

dx = -8,0

dy = -12,0

Tip: Rename the drawing filesas soon as the building hasbeen copied:File 1: Gable roof File 2: Mono-pitch roof File 3: Roof with roof-light





24 Task 2: Gable/Hip Roof Allplan

4 On the Context toolbar, click Gable/Hip Roof .

5 Enter 45 in the Angle box.

The Slope is obtained automatically as a percentage.

6 Enter 5.50 in the Bottom box.

This defines the height of the lower plane in the roof frame.

7 Enter 15 in the Top level box.

You can enter a generous value for the maximum height of the

roof frame. This way, the ridge will be generated within theframe.

Before you apply the slope, you need to define the height through

which it is to pass.

As the roof has an overhang, the absolute height of the eaves is

unknown. What we do know, however, is the height of the jamb

wall (see sketch): 6.75 m.

8 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Set Point.

9 Point through which the slope is to pass

Click a corner of the building in plan and enter the height of thepoint as an absolute value: 6.75.

10 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slope

In plan view, click the line representing the adjacent eaves.

You can see how the slope is created in isometric and elevation

view.

11 For the second slope, click Set Point again, click the opposite

corner of the building and enter the height again: 6.75.


Click the eaves on the other side.

Tip: The height at which theroof profile runs is definedeither by the value in theEaves box or using the SetPoint option. The Set Pointoption overrides any settingsmade for the height of theeaves.

Tip: In the next exercise youwill learn how to apply thesettings for one slope to a

different edge withoutactivating Set Point again.




1 2

1 0

1 1

9


As the top of the walls is associated with the upper reference

plane, the walls adapt automatically to the slope of the roof.

After refreshing, your display should look like this:



26 Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof Allplan

Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof

Defining the Roof Frame using Two 3D PointsIn the next exercise you will define a mono-pitch roof. We willdefine the slope of the roof using two points.This approach is particularly useful for designing a roof with a given

minimum and maximum height.

+ 5 , 5 0

+ 8 , 0 0

+ 1 0 , 5 0




To design a mono-pitch roof using two 3D points

Make drawing file 2, Mono-pitch roof current and close al

others.

1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Gable/Hip

Roof Using 2 Points.

2 Define the top and bottom level of the roof frame:- Click Top level and enter 20.

- Click Bottom and enter 5.5.

3 Define properties, place polygon point 1 or enter offset

Click two diagonally opposite points in plan and

press ESC to finish entering the outline.

4 1. point through which slope is to pass

Click the inside corner and enter the absolute height: 8.0 (see

sketch on page 26)

5 2. point through which slope is to pass

Click the corner on the opposite side and enter the absolute

height: 10.5



28 Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof Allplan

6 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slopesClick the left edge (eaves line).

The mono-pitch roof is created.


The walls adapt automatically to the roof frame.

The following should be displayed on your screen:

Tip: You can also apply otherslopes to the same roof frameusing the same approach.




Task 3: Gambrel Roof

Universal Roof Shape

You can use this tool to design gambrel roofs and roofs of any s

To design a roof with roof-light

Make drawing file 3, Roof with roof-light current and clos

the others.

1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Gambrel R

The top part of the dialog box that appears shows a preview

the shape. The displayed values apply to the segment that is

highlighted red.

2 Set the parameters for the first segment:

- Click in the Slope box and enter 10.

- Click in the Distance to eaves box and enter 3.5.

- Click Refresh to refresh the preview.

Three segments are required for the roof shape. In other word

you need to add one.



30 Task 3: Gambrel Roof Allplan

3 Click Insert Point and select the second segment. This

produces three segments.

4 Set the parameters for the second segment:

- Click in the Slope box and enter 75.

- Click in the Height above previous point box and enter 1.

5 Click the third segment and

enter 10 in the Slope box.

As it is the final segment, you can only enter the slope. The other

boxes are grayed out and unavailable.

Tip: The last segmentstretches to infinity. You candefine its length by

intersecting it with a roof plane or by delimiting theroof frame.




6 Press to confirm.

7 Enter the following values in the Context toolbar:- Top level: 20.00

- Bottom: 5.50

- Eaves: 6.75


Click two diagonally opposite corners in plan and press ESC.

9 Click edge to apply profile

Click the left and right edge.

Tip: In the Gambrel Roof dialog box, you can savevalues using and retrievethem later by means of .This enables you to save and

retrieve very complex roof shapes.



32 Task 3: Gambrel Roof Allplan


The following should now be displayed on your screen:




Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes

The barrel roof is a special type of shape that is applied between

parallel edges.

The following exercise demonstrates an important trick: you willbegin by applying a barrel roof frame over a rectangular outline then transfer it together with all its settings to a circular outline.



34 Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes Allplan

First draw the building on which to apply the barrel roof frame. Thewalls are 36.5 cm thick. The top and bottom levels of the walls areassociated with the default reference planes.

Use the Curved Wall tool to design the circular outline. Then draw

the rectangular outline. This is the outline whose profile we will

adopt.

To design a building for a barrel roof

Open drawing file 4, name it "Barrel roof", for example, and

close the others.

1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout) and choose

Circular Wall.

2 Click Properties and define the following parameters:

- Thickness: 0.365 m

- Height setup: top and bottom level of the wall flushwith the default reference planes.

3 Press to confirm your settings.

4 Place center point

Place the center of the circle in the workspace.

5 Place a point, click an element or enter the radius

Enter the radius: 3.0

Tip: You can set the numberof segments in a curved wallunder Options Architecture Semi…

In this example, the curvedwall has 16 segments.




6 Click the start point twice as end point = start point.

7 Properties / offset direction

Click anywhere outside the circle in the workspace.

This completes the circular design.

8 Click Rectangular Wall and place the start point in the

workspace.

9 On the dynamic toolbar, select Based on Diagonally Opp

Points.

10 Place the start point in the workspace.

11 Place a diagonally opposite point or enter the length. Place a

point or enter the width

Enter 3.0 m in each case.


Click anywhere above the square in the workspace.





The next step is to create the barrel roof frame on the rectangular outline.The profile is obtained from the starting angle and the difference ineaves height.

To create a barrel roof

1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Barrel Roof.

2 Set the parameters by clicking in the relevant boxes and then

pressing to confirm:

- Start angle: 85- Difference in height: 6

This value defines the difference in height between the twoeaves.

Tip: Number of segmentsdefines the number of segments in the barrel roof.

Tip: In the Barrel Roof dialogbox, you can save valuesusing and retrieve themlater by means of .This enables you to save andretrieve very complex roof shapes.




3 Enter the following values in the Context toolbar:

- Top level: 20.00

- Bottom: 5.50

- Eaves: 6.75

4 Click two diagonally opposite points in the rectangular outlin

and

press ESC to finish entering the line representing the eaves.

5 Click the first edge for the barrel roof frame

First click the bottom and then the top edge of the rectangle

apply the frame between these two edges.






In the Barrel Roof dialog box, you only need to enter twoparameters for the roof. Each parameter needs to be from one of the following two groups:

Ridge height or Max. height or Rise or Start angle

Angle or Difference in height

You can enter the parameters in any sequence and keep alteringthem as often as you want, until you confirm.

The boxes for the other parameters do not display values as thedistance between the beginning and end of the barrel is only

specified in the plan.

Only the Ridge height and Max. height boxes are displayedtogether as they are mutually dependent.

When you modify a barrel roof, you can modify the values for every individual segment in the roof.




The next step is to transfer the frame from the rectangular outlinthe circular outline.

To transfer the barrel roof frame to a circular outlin

1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout).

2 To specify the roof outline, click the outside edge of the curv

wall.

Note: Make sure that you click an entire element in the polyl

and do not snap a point.

You can zoom a section as appropriate and use the point sna

settings in Point Snap (Point assistant toolbar) as well as

acoustic signal to help you.

3 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Finds Closed Polylines.

4 Place an additional point

Click in the workspace beyond the circle.

The point has to be selected in such a way that a perpendicul

can be dropped from it onto the clicked polyline element. The

entire outline is thus detected and polygonized.

Tip: Use the "polygonization

value" on the Dynamictoolbar to define the numberof elements used toapproximate a circle.The higher the value, thesmoother the circle (and themore compute-intensive theoperation).




5 Click on the Context toolbar and match the roof profile on thebottom edge of the temporary, rectangular design.


Open a selection rectangle around the entire circular wall.

The barrel roof is transferred and applied to all the segments in

the circle.



Tip: When you select theentire roof frame, a roof profile is automaticallyapplied to every edge (veryuseful for hip roofs, forexample).



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers

Exercise 2: Roof with

DormersIn the next exercise you will design a gambrel roof. W

will concrete the mansard like a "coffin lid", attach th

top roof and add dormers to the sloping concrete slab

Finally, we will apply the rafters and a roof covering.

As the pairs of reference planes overlap in places (for

example, the roof and the protruding dormer roof), w

will use different drawing files for the overall design.

Therefore, despite the fact that the roof has a mansard

profile, create the roof in separate steps using the

Gable/Hip Roof tool.

This sketch will serve as the basis for the exercises th

follow:

R a f t e r s 8 / 1 6

R i d g e p u r l i n 1 0 / 1 8

E a v e p l a t e 1 3 / 1 3

F i r s t f i l e r e g i o n

S e c o n d f i l e r e g i o n

R o o f o v e r h a n g

= R i d g e - 3 c m ( m e t a l

r o o f i n g ) , - 1 7 c m p e r p e

S p a r r e n h ö h e

M a x . r i d g e h e i g h t

T o p o f u n f i n i s h e d f l o o r



42 Task 1: Draw Floor Plan Allplan

Drawing file overview

Start by creating the walls and the frame for the gambrel roof and

dormers on the first drawing file.

Then copy the roof frame onto two other drawing files. It will be

used there to create the dormer roofs and the roof covering for themansard.

In total, therefore, you require three drawing files (10, 11, 12) for the

mansard, and an additional one (drawing file 13) for the top roof.

Drawing file 10: The exterior walls and the roof frames for the

gambrel roof and dormers are on the first drawing file.

Tip: The dormer frame doesnot necessarily have to be indrawing file 10. However, it is

necessary for subsequentevaluations and analyses of the building data that are totake the dormers intoaccount.




Drawing file 11: The next drawing file includes copies of the

frames for the gambrel roof and dormers. This is wh

the slab and the slab openings will be created.

Drawing file 12: The roof and dormer frames will be copied o

this drawing file, too. This is where we will design th

slab and the dormer walls.




Drawing file 13: This drawing file is where we will draw the top

roof with its frame. The top roof will join the roof design

below seamlessly.

In the chapter entitled "Rafters and Timber Elements" you will place

the rafters in different roof panes and apply a covering over the roof.

Where do I draw what?

Roof frames can be drawn in the same drawing file as the walls.

In more complex construction projects, it is usual to draw the

roof frames in a separate drawing file.

In the latter case, the drawing file with the walls should be open

in reference mode. The roof frame is first drawn on a separate

drawing file and then copied to the drawing files with the walls.

The walls automatically adapt to the “new“ envelope imposed by

the roof frame!

Default reference planes

The default reference planes literally have a subordinate role hereas the "superior" roof frame has priority over them.

Consequently, you can safely ignore the default reference planes

in the exercises that follow.




Task 1: Draw Floor Plan

First draw the walls on which to apply the gambrel roof frame.

To draw the floor plan

Open drawing file 10.

1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout) and select

Properties.

2 Enter the following parameters:

- Thickness: 0.25 m

- Material: Concrete- Trade: Concrete and R.C. work

- Computation mode: Volume




3 Define the Relative height (click the button marked Setup). :

- TL relative to upper plane: -0.20

Offset perpendicular to plane

- BL relative to the lower plane:0.00

As a 20-cm slab will be applied below the upper plane later,

define the wall so that the offset to the upper plane is measured

as a perpendicular value.

4 Press to confirm the dialog boxes, choose Straight Wall on

the Context toolbar and

draw the floor plan given at the beginning of this section.





Task 2: Gambrel Roof Frame

We will now draw the roof frame.

To design roof slopes

3 Viewports should be active.

1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Gable/Hip

Roof .

2 Define the parameters for the roof:

- Angle: 45 (°)

- Elevation line: 12.7

- Eaves:11.135

- Top level:13.0

- Bottom: 10.0

Tip: You can create anelevation line at a later stageby clicking the roof with theright mouse button. SelectProperties on the shortcutmenu. Enter the value of theelevation line in the Roof Frame dialog box.



48 Task 2: Gambrel Roof Frame Allplan

3 Click the corners of the building to define the eaves line. The last

point you click should coincide with the first.


Apply the roof profile to the edges of the roof outline by clicking

them in plan view.

Tip: You can also use theauto-detect feature by

clicking an element in thedrawing and choosing

Finds Closed Polylines onthe Dynamic toolbar. Thenclick in the workspace justbeside the floor plan.





This completes the design of the roof using architectural refe

planes.

Your screen should now look like this:



50 Task 3: Insert Dormers Allplan

Task 3: Insert Dormers

The next step is to draw the dormer frames in the mansard. Creating

a dormer frame within a roof frame involves three steps:

Identify the roof frame.

Define the outline of the dormer.

Apply a slope to the edges of the dormer.

Elevationline

Roof frame

Construction lines

First define the outline of the small dormers by fitting each one

between the exterior wall and an elevation line. Then define the

profile of the dormers. As the dormer frames are to pass through a

specific point in the roof frame, use the Set Point option. Then apply

the profile to the first edge, match its settings and apply them to the

edges of the other dormers.




To insert dormers

1 Start by drawing temporary construction lines spaced at inter

of 1.50 m (see sketch).

2 Click Dormer (Create flyout).3 Select a plane in the roof frame to add a dormer window

Click in the roof pane and choose Gable/Hip Roof .

4 Set Angle to 30.

The front edge of the dormer has to meet the exterior edge of

wall. The ridge of the dormer frame will intersect the roof fra

at a specific height.

Create an elevation line for this purpose.

5 Set the value of the Elevation line to 12.7.

6 Click diagonally opposite points in the first dormer outline an

press ESC to finish entering the outline.

This defines the outline of the dormer .

7 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Set Point.

The ridge of the dormer frame has to be at exactly the height

the elevation line.



52 Task 3: Insert Dormers Allplan

8 Point through which the slope is to pass

Choose Get Midpoint (Point Assistant toolbar) and find the

midpoint of the top edge of the outline.

9 Enter the height of this point

12.7 (=elevation line)10 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slope

Click the right-hand edge of the dormer.

With the Set Point option, you also created a height for the

eaves. However, this value has not yet been entered in the

Context toolbar.

11 Click and then the right-hand edge of the dormer.

The Eaves value updates accordingly.


Click the left-hand edge of the dormer.


14 Repeat the above steps for the neighboring dormer on the right.

The values entered for the previous dormer are still set. It istherefore not absolutely necessary to use the Set Point option in

order to place the dormer ridge at the height of the elevation line.

Tip: You can get the exactheight of a component byclicking Measure(Standard toolbar) and thenCoordinates.Just click the points whosecoordinates you need to knowin elevation or isometric view.




15 Now draw the large dormer on the opposite side (see plan on

page 54).

The procedure is exactly the same. However, please note the

following:

- As this is just the lower, vertical part of a dormer, either dapply the slope or set the Angle box to 90°.

- The height of the top edge needs to be flush with the top

the concrete slab. In other words: 13.00.

16 Delete the construction lines.

Your screen should then look like this:

Tip: You can create additionaldormer planes by means of

Copy Plane (Modifyflyout), for example.



54 Task 4: Copy Roof Frame Allplan

Task 4: Copy Roof Frame

The frames for the gambrel roof and the dormers are also required on

the drawing files where you will design the slab separately for the

roof and for the dormers.

We will begin by copying the roof frames onto drawing files 11 and

12.

To copy roof frames

1 On the File menu, click Copy/Move Elements between Files…

and select Copy to target drawing file.

2 Select drawing file 11 and press to confirm.

3 Select the element(s) you want to copy to file 11

Click Filter archit. elements based on element type (Filter

Assistant toolbar) and choose Plane in the Component area.

4 Press to confirm.

5 Open a selection rectangle around the entire floor plan or click

All on the dynamic toolbar.

6 Repeat the above steps to copy the roof frames to drawing file 12.

Tip: Rename the drawing filesas soon as the building has

been copied:File 10, Exterior WallFile 11, Roof File 12, Dormers




Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening

First delete the dormers from the roof as the slab and slab openin

for the dormers will be created in the next drawing file.

We will apply a slab that covers the entire outline of the roof. W

will then draw openings in the slab.

To design a concrete slab

Open drawing file 11 and set 10 to reference mode.

1 Click Delete Plane (Modify flyout).

2 Click a roof frame in which to delete planes

Click the roof.

3 Click the plane you want to delete

Click the two small dormers.

The frame of the large dormer remains unaltered as the slab

continues upwards in this area.

Tip: Drawing file 10 needs tobe open in reference mode toprevent the dormers frombeing deleted in both drawingfiles. After deleting andclicking Refresh, only thedormers in drawing file 10should still be visible.



56 Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening Allplan

4 Click Slab ( Architectural Components flyout).

5 Click Properties and

define the height setup:

The slab is 20 cm thick.

- TL relative to upper plane: 0.00

- BL relative to upper plane: -0.20

Activate Offset perpendicular to plane so that the

thickness of the slab is interpreted as a value perpendicular to

the plane of the roof.

6 Press to confirm the settings in the dialog boxes and click

the bottom edge of the drawing.

Note: Make sure that you do not click the element near to a point

(you should hear an acoustic signal).

7 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Finds Closed Polylines.

8 Click in the workspace below the drawing. The entire floor plan is

detected and the slab is placed over it.

Tip: If the polyline auto-detection feature only detectsindividual wall sections, goback a step and click each of the corners.




The next step is to draw a slab opening in the slab. The outline o

slab opening should match the outline of the dormer exactly.

To draw a slab opening

Drawing file 11 is current and drawing file 10 is open in

reference mode.

1 Click Slab Recess, Opening ( Architectural Openings flyo

2 Which slab?

Click the slab and, in Properties, select Slab recess an

choose the freeform opening.

3 Click the corners of the dormer in plan.



58 Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening Allplan

4 Repeat these steps with the other small dormer.


Result after running Hidden Line Image (in the border of the

viewport):

Tip: Try copying, mirroringand moving the dormerframes and slab openings(Modify flyout).These tools work in the sameway as in the Draft module.




Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers

We will use the next drawing file to design the dormer envelope

dormer roof is to project by 20 cm. Not only will it project

structurally; it will also project beyond the reference plane assign

to it without actually "dropping" onto the other reference plane.

This is why the roof covering needs to be attached to the upper

planes in the roof frame. Doing so ensures that the dormer roof i

generated correctly in the area. This way, the projecting part of t

roof covering (the overhang) will not bind itself to the plane belo

but to the selected plane instead. This approach requires that the

dormer roofs be drawn as two separate halves.

To design a slab for the dormer

Make drawing file 12 current and open drawing files 10 an

11 in reference mode. Close all the other drawing files.


1 Click Slab ( Architectural Components flyout) and,

in Properties, define the height setup.

The dormer roof is 20 cm thick. The top of the dormer roof n

to be flush with the upper plane in the dormer frame. As each

roof pane in the dormer is associated with a different plane (e

sloping differently), the individual halves need to be drawn

separately.



60 Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers Allplan

2 Make the following settings in the Bottom level area:

- Absolute component height: 0.20

- Offset perpendicular to plane so that the slab thickness is

interpreted as a value perpendicular to the roof plane.

3 Make the following settings in the Top level area:

- Offset: 0.00

4 In the Top level area, click Relative to upper level.

The dialog box will close.

5 In isometric view, click the top right edge of the dormer plane.

This defines the component or plane with which the slab is to beassociated. The Height dialog box is displayed again.

6 Press to confirm the dialog boxes.

The outline of the dormer roof is to protrude by 20 cm at the

sides and at the front.


Enter an offset of 0.2 and

place the first point (see figure below).

8 To point or element / Enter offset Working counter-clockwise, click the next two points on the

outline of the dormer.

Tip: A positive offset isapplied towards the right inthe direction of circumscription while anegative offset is appliedtowards the left.




9 To point or element / Enter offset

Enter an offset of 0 and

place the next point for the outline.

10 Press ESC to finish entering.

The outline closes and the slab is created.

11 The Slab ( Architectural Components flyout) tool is still o

Click Properties and define the Height setup again.12 In the Top level area click Relative to upper level again t

attach the top of the slab to the top of the dormer plane on th

left.

13 Click the dormer plane on the left in isometric view.

1 3

14 Press to confirm the dialog boxes.15 Enter the offset

0.20 and place the first point for the outline of the slab.

16 Click the next two points on the outline of the dormer.

Tip: You can also create thesecond half of the dormer

using Mirror and Copy.




17 Enter 0 and place the next point.

1 5

1 6 1 6

1 7

18 Press ESC to finish entering.

The outline closes and the slab is created.

19 Repeat all these steps for the dormer on the left.

The dormers should then look like this:




Now have an exact look at the positions of the various planes!

We will now place the dormer walls. To begin with, the walls wi

associated with the dormer frame.

During input, however, we will associate the bottom level of the

walls with the adjacent roof plane.

D o r m e r p l a n e s R o o f p l a n e s R o o f p l a n e s

To draw dormer walls

1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout) and select

Properties.

2 Set the thickness to 0.115 and set up the height as follows:- Top level area:

TL relative to upper plane,

Offset perpendicular to plane: -0.20

- Bottom level area:

Offset perpendicular to plane: -0.20

3 In the Bottom level area, click Relative to upper level. Th

dialog box will close temporarily.




4 Click the sloping roof pane in plan.

5 Press to confirm the dialog boxes.

6 Select Straight Wall and place the start and end point of the

wall.

7 Offset direction

Click in the dormer.

8 Press ESC to finish entering the wall anddraw the other dormer walls – for the dormer on the other side,

too.

The bottom of the dormer walls has thus been explicitly associated –

at an offset of 20 cm - with the adjoining roof plane. The top level

automatically orients itself to the dormer plane.




Now, all that remains is to adjust the intersection of the dormer w

to the slope of the roof.

To adjust slope of dormer walls

1 Click Join Wall with Line ( Architectural Components fly

2 Click the wall you want to join

Click a dormer wall.

3 Click line with which to join wall or enter width of joint

Click the line where the dormer and concrete slab intersect.

4 Repeat these steps for the other walls.





To complete the roof, draw the planes for the top roof on the next

drawing file.

To create planes for the top roof

Make drawing file 13 current.

Open drawing files 10, 11 and 12 in reference mode. Close all the

other drawing files.


1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and

select Gable/Hip Roof.

2 Enter the parameters as shown:

Define the eaves.

As the roof is to project slightly over the mansard, you need toenter an offset (but not on the fire wall).

Tip: The height entered forthe top level is a (generous)estimate.

It is simply important toensure that the ridge is belowthe top of the frame when itis generated.





Enter 0.3 m,

first click the bottom left corner of the roof plane and then

continue with the other corners (see illustration).

4 Once you have reached the top left corner of the roof plane, 0.00 m and

then press ESC to finish entering the outline of the eaves.

5 Apply the roof slope to all the edges except for the fire wall b

clicking them in plan view.


7 Refresh the display.






Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements

Exercise 3: Rafters and

Timber ElementsIn the continuation of our example we focus on the

Rafter Design module. This module provides tools for

creating all types of timber elements and entire rafter

placements in a quick and comfortable manner based

existing roof planes.

The position of the rafters when they are created depe

on the position of the planes. However, any subseque

modifications you make to the roof geometry have no

effect on the rafters.

Special tools are available for designing timber eleme



70 Task 1: Rafter Roof Allplan

Task 1: Rafter Roof

In this exercise you will design rafters that automatically orient

themselves to the roof planes. We will start with the rafters at thetop, and then design the rafters for the mansard. This way, you canadjust the length of the lower rafters.

We will define the position of the rafters in such a way that thebottom level (of the rafters) rests on the upper plane of the roof.

Tip: As the following exerciseinvolves entering a lot of points, you are stronglyadvised to enlarge (zoom) therelevant sections.Otherwise, you run the risk of snapping neighboring pointswhich would lead to

imprecise results!




To design rafters

In the CAD Navigator select the Rafter Design mo

Drawing file 13 should be current while drawing files 10, 1

12 are open in reference mode.1 Click Place Rafters (Create flyout).

2 Click plane

Click inside the roof plane.

3 Define properties or place a point to define start of placeme

region

Click near (!) the wall and set the reference point on the exte

side of the wall if it isn’t already there.

4 Place new reference point or enter offset to the current one

Enter 0.10 (offset to exterior edge).

5 Define properties or place a point to define end of placemen

region

Click near the endpoint on the right and

enter 0.80 m for the offset.

6 In the Place Rafters dialog box, click Properties and d

the parameters:

- Eaves shape / Ridge shape

- Width/height: 0.08/0.16

- Trade: Rough framework

- Material: Wood (for subsequent analyses)

Tip: If you click too near to apoint, the system will snap toit (you will not see thereference point marker).In this case, press ESC and re-set the start and end points of the placement region.

Tip: With the Static option,timber elements that areintersected by componentswith a higher priority rating

are left with a ‘hole‘ wherethey were intersected, evenwhen the other component isdeleted.




Placement parameters:

- Rafter tail (dl) and Rafter tail (dX) : 0.00

- Height of top level above roof : 0.16 (= height of top of

rafters) This ensures that the bottom of the rafters will rest

exactly on the top of the roof plane.- Height of top level above opposite roof : 0.16

7 Press to confirm.

The rafters are to be spaced at regular intervals with a maximum

clearance of 80 cm.

8 Click Number and enter 24.

The rafters are now drawn spaced at 0.766 cm (= placing mode 1

).

9 Press ESC to finish the rafter design.

10 Rafter design will now finish. Save changes? Press Yes. The rafters are created.

11 Now place the rafters in the other roof planes (drawing file 13).

Tip: If you find that you can’tselect a plane, you may need

to close unnecessary drawingfiles or layers first.

Tip: You can use ModifyPlaced Timber Elements toclick a rafter system andmodify it based on the initialsettings.




The next step is to place the rafters for the mansard story

(drawing file 11); only the parameters need to be modified:

12 Make drawing file 11 (concrete slab) current and set the othe

files to reference mode.

13 Click Place Rafters and select a plane.

14 Place the start and end point and define the following

parameters:

- Ridge shape

- Height of top level above opposite roof : –0.2

When you click to confirm the settings, you can already

in the preview whether the different rafter systems still inters

All the other values should be the same from the previous ste

Nevertheless, check that they match those shown below.

Tip: You can easily copyentire rafter systems onto

mirror inverted panes using Mirror and Copy.

Use the filter tool to assistyou.




We now need to make space for the dormers. This is done by firstlocking the rafters and then creating different rafter ‘regions’.

To lock rafters

1 If the Place Rafters tool is no longer active, click Modify

Placed Timber Elements (Modify flyout) and click the timber

placement.

Otherwise, continue at step 2.

2 Click Lock on the Context toolbar,

choose a rafter and, if necessary, move it, (in this example: beside

a dormer).

3 Click the arrow buttons on the Context toolbar to define the

regions.

Now you can set all the parameters of each area according to your requirements – this also applies to the settings made in

Properties.

Tip: You can also ‘unlock’rafters by clicking Clear andthen the selection displaying

the relevant placementregion.

You can then lock the rafterto a different place.




Task 2: Hip and Valley Rafters

Placing hip and valley rafters is easy. All you have to do is place

them on the lines where the roof panes intersect.

To design hip and valley rafters

Make drawing file 13 current again.

1 Click Hip/Valley Rafter (Create flyout).

2 Click arris or valley line

Click an arris or valley line.

3 Click Properties and set the following parameters:


Click exactly on the line.

5 Do the same at the other intersection lines and press ESC to q

the tool.



76 Task 2: Hip and Valley Rafters Allplan

6 Now place the hip rafter in the same manner:

- Make drawing file 11 current again and

set the other drawing files to reference mode or close them.

- Click Properties and check the top cut andHeight above opposite roof (-0.20).

- Also, because of the concrete cover, do not center the hip

rafters. Place them to the side in pairs instead.

7 Make drawing file 12 (dormers) current and

place rafters on the small dormers.

In 3 Viewports mode the following should now be displayed

on your screen:




Task 3: Ridge Purlin and Inferior Purlin

Two options are provided for defining the height of purlins:

You can enter the height as an absolute value or click a poinisometric view.

You can specify a rafter below which the purlin is to pass. Thheight of the purlin is then defined by the offset to a referencpoint in the drawing and the insertion depth in the rafters.

To design ridge purlin and inferior purlin

1 Click Roof Beam (Create flyout).

2 Define properties or a point through which beam will pass

Click a point on the line representing the ridge in plan.

Note: Make sure that you click a rafter in order for the purlin

be placed below it automatically.



78 Task 3: Ridge Purlin and Inferior Purlin Allplan

3 Click Properties and define the parameters for the ridgepurlin:

- Enter 0.10/0.18 for the cross-section.

- Enter the vertical insertion depth 0.03.

- Choose Wood as the material

and set the building trade to Rough framework .

4 Press to confirm and

define the start and end point in plan.

5 Offset direction

Click above the ridge.

Now define the position of the inferior purlin.

6 Click the edge of the curb joint without clicking a rafter.

As you still need to snap to a genuine point, you can click the

Point of Intersection (Point Assistant toolbar) between the edgeof the curb joint and the firewall.

11

7 Click Properties and

enter 0.13/0.13 for the cross-section.

8 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Bottom. This ensures that allsubsequent values are based on the bottom level of the

component.




9 Define the height in one of the following ways:

Enter 13.0 for the height.

Click a point on the edge of the curb joint in elevation or

isometric view. (You must snap a point!)

The height of this point is adopted.

10 Define the start and end point of the purlin in plan.

11 Offset direction

Click the flat concrete slab.

12 Complete the design by repeating the steps above.

You should now be familiar with the two methods available for defining the height of a purlin:

Based on a rafter with specification of the insertion depth

Based on absolute height of bottom or top level



80 Task 4: Posts Allplan

Task 4: Posts

The next step is to place posts below the ridge purlins.

To design posts

Drawing file 13 should be current and the Rafter Design

module should be open.

1 Click Post (Create flyout).

2 Click Properties,

enter 0.15/0.15 for the cross-section and

press to confirm.

3 Set the Anchor point for preview and place the post cross-

section below a ridge purlin point.

4 Enter bottom level of post /... ; Enter top level of post / ... :

Click the requested points – it is a good idea to enlarge (zoom)

the relevant section.

The first post is thus positioned.

You can now place the post you just defined on as many other

points as you want.

5 Repeat the steps for the post using different height values and

press ESC to quit the tool.




Task 5: Header

The next step is to add a header in the rafter system for the man

The rafter section within the header only has to be deleted. Thesection ‘Slab and Slab Openings“ shows how to draw the necessaslab openings.

1 , 1 0 0 , 5 0

To design headers

Make drawing file 11 (concrete slab) current and set all the

others to reference mode.

1 Click Header (Create flyout).

2 Click Properties anddefine the parameters:

- Enter 0.08/0.16 for the cross-section.

- Assign the Material and Trade attributes.

3 Press to confirm and, in plan, click the rafter where the

header is to begin (without snapping a point).

4 Place new reference point or enter offset to the current one

To move the reference point, click the point where the rafter

the outer edge of the building intersect and enter 0.50, for example (see sketch).

5 Define properties or click rafter , beam or collar tie

Click the rafter where the header is to end. Headers are alway

created parallel to the eaves.



82 Task 5: Header Allplan


Click the outer side.

7 Create the second header in the same manner at a distance of

1.60 m from the outer edge of the building.

Rafters intersected by the header are automatically divided into

segments.

8 Click Delete (Edit flyout) and remove the rafter segment

within the headers.

Tip: The shortcut menu oftenprovides quicker access to thetools.




Task 6: Rafter-supporting Purlins, Collar TieRafter-supporting purlins are always arranged parallel to the eav

You can make the same settings on the Rafter-Supporting Purli

Context toolbar as for the Rafter tool.

To design rafter-supporting purlins

The Rafter Design module should be open.

Open the relevant drawing files for the roof planes.

1 Click Rafter-Supporting Purlin (Create flyout).

2 Click plane

Click in the roof plane and set parameters in Propertie

3 Press to confirm and define the start and end point .

(usually the eaves and ridge point).

4 Press ESC to quit entry mode and press Yes to confirm.

Tip: In particular, you shouldcheck the height above theroof/roof plane.If the principal rafters or aslab have already been placedover the plane, you can use

to match the height of apoint in elevation or isometricview.



84 Task 6: Rafter-supporting Purlins, Collar Ties Allplan

A Note on Collar Ties

This tool requires two rafters that are exactly opposite each other.

To design collar ties

1 Click Collar Tie (Create flyout).

2 Click Properties and define the parameters.

3 Press to confirm and click the rafter where the collar tie is

to begin.

4 Enter height / point through which it will pass

Click Bottom or Top on the Dynamic toolbar – depending on

whether the height value is to be based on the top or bottom of

the collar tie – and

enter a height.

5 Define properties or click rafters

Click the rafter on the opposite side. You can create the other collar ties simply by copying the first

one.

The Collar Beam (Create flyout) tool, by the way, is used in thesame way.




Task 7: Roof Covering

We will now draw the roof covering over the rafters. To see bett

what you are doing, only activate the drawing file that you curr

need.

To design a roof covering

Make drawing file 13 (top roof) current and

close all the others.

1 Click Roof Covering (Roofs and Planes flyout).

2 Click Properties and define the height:

Tip:

Do you use the online Help?If you need more informationas you work, press the F1 keyto display Help on the activetool.Not only is the tool itself described, but also how to useit as well as the options and

buttons provided in thedialog box in question.



86 Task 7: Roof Covering Allplan

- Height above plane: 0.19 (0.16 rafters + 0.03 rafter-supporting

purlin)

- Thickness: 0.03

3 Assign the material Pantile to the roof and the trade Roofing

work and press to confirm.

4 Click the corners of the roof frame in the drawing and

press ESC to quit the tool.

5 Activate the drawing file with the mansard story (11), then the

one with the dormers (12) and repeat these steps.

The roof covering should not pierce the upper roof plane in the

mansard (see sketch). When you enter the polyline, therefore, you

need to enter the upper edge with an offset ( Measure).

In the case of the dormers, each individual pane has to be attached to

the appropriate dormer roof plane (see also ‘Design slab for the

dormer ’). Choose the Roof covering over dormer only optionin the dialog box.

You can use the Skylight tool (Create flyout) to createskylights in roof coverings. Try it!

Tip: In the Roof Coveringdialog box, Setup area, youcan select the number of layers of the roof covering.

Boundary area for

upper polygon edge

Planes fold atgambrel roof




Multi-layer roof covering and rafters

You could apply a multi-layer roof covering to the top roof, for example a insulation layer and a layer consisting of pantiles.

The height of the bottom level above roof plane has to be adjusteaccordingly.

You can use Intersect Timber Elements with Roof Coveringintersect rafter or beam placements with a roof covering: the tim

elements intersect the first layer of the roof covering (e.g. insulatThis is also taken into account for quantity takeoff operations.



88 Task 8: Timber Schedule Allplan

Task 8: Timber Schedule

To finish, we will generate two timber schedules that list all the

timber elements in the design.This operation will only evaluate the data in active drawing files (i.e.,current or open in edit mode). You can sort the timber elements by component and by material:

Component schedule

Sorts the elements by component (e.g., rafters, valley rafter), the

second sort criterion is the cross-section. The volume displayed is theactual volume.

Material schedule

Sorts the elements by material (e.g., wood), the second sort criterionis also the cross-section. The volume displayed is the gross volume.

To create a timber schedule

Set the relevant drawing files to current or edit mode.

1 Click Timber Schedule (Create II flyout).

2 Choose Component schedule to obtain a schedule in which the

timber elements are sorted by component. Then press to

confirm.




3 Click the workspace twice with the right mouse button or ena

All on the dynamic toolbar to select the entire drawing file.

You can choose to save the schedule as a spreadsheet or as a

ASCII file. Alternatively, you can place it in the workspace o

print it out.


5 Repeat these steps for the Material schedule.6 If necessary, repeat these steps with the other drawing files (i

they were not already open).

Tip: You can also use FindElements on the Dynamictoolbar to specify additionalsearch criteria for the objectsto be included in the

schedule.









You modify roofs in the same way that you create them – theonly difference is that you do not need to enter the outline of theeaves. Simply click the roof you want to modify, define a profileand apply it to the relevant edges.

When you click a roof to modify it, its values are not adopted.That is to say that the values shown in the Context toolbar are

those that you set for the last roof you designed.

We will begin by modifying the roof frame in drawing file 10 – wecan ignore the drawing files with the roof covering and dormer roof for the time being – by applying a new profile on one of its sides.Two methods are available for adapting the slab later to reflect the

alterations you make to the roof:

You can repeat the edits described in this section for the roof frames in drawing files 11 to 13 or

You can delete the old roof frames on drawing files 11 to 13 andcopy the new planes from drawing file 10 (apply a filter).

To adapt the walls to reflect the alterations in the roof, you need

to execute Restore 3D View (Modify flyout or 3D

Modification flyout) after copying to the relevant drawing file.



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 4: Making Alterations to the Roof

Task 1: Modify Roof Profile

It is often necessary to make alterations to the original design. W

will now change the height of the eaves and the roof pitch on on

side of the building.

Modified roof profile

60°

30°

+ 10.00

+ 10.50

+ 11.50

+ 13.00

Old roof profile

To do this, we will create a gambrel roof profile that consists ofsegments.

To modify a roof profile

Activate the Roof Modeler module.

Make drawing file 10 current and close all the others.

1 Click Modify Roof Frame (Modify flyout).

2 Click the roof frame you want to modify

Click inside the roof.

3 On the Context toolbar, click Eaves and enter 10.5.

4 Click Gambrel Roof , enter a 60° slope for the first segmen

and set Height above eaves to 1.0.

5 Click the second segment and enter a 30° slope.

6 Press to confirm.



94 Task 1: Modify Roof Profile Allplan


In plan view, click the line representing the eaves on the right.

The roof frame changes.


The walls adapt to the new envelope.The architectural planes are created. The following should now be

displayed on your screen (enlarged section):

If you only know the distance and height – instead of the pitch –

when you make the modification, you can do the following:

N K Design a ‘roof using two points’.

O K ‘Match’ the new values

P K If you then continue with the Gambrel Roof tool, you willfind that the new slope and eave height are already set for the first segment and that all you need to enter is the distance

value.

Tip: You can also combine aroof pane with a barrel roof profile.

See also

Exercise 1, “Gambrel Roof“




Task 2: Split and Lower Section

We will now split and lower an area of the building.

The Split and Lower tool can only be used to lower the lower

roof plane. It cannot be used to raise it!

To lower a part of the lower plane

Drawing file 10 should be current.

1 Click Split and Lower (Modify flyout).

We will drop a section of the lower plane by 0.50 m.

2 Enter 9.50 in the Bottom box.

Tip: The value you enter inthe Roof Frame Contexttoolbar is not the value bywhich the area is to be

lowered; rather, it is theabsolute height of the lowerplane.



96 Task 2: Split and Lower Section Allplan


Click two diagonally opposite points and

press ESC to finish entering the polyline.

The lower plane in the area you defined is lowered to an absolute

height of 9.5 m.

As the bottom levels of the walls are associated with the lower

plane, they adapt automatically.

The design should now look like this in Left Elev.

Tip: You can use DeletePlane to delete the drop inlevel.




Task 3: Half-hipped Roof

In the next exercise we will modify the gable roof you designed

begin with and create a half-hipped roof based on it.

To modify the gambrel roof to make a half-hip roof

Make drawing file 1 current and close all the others.

1 Click Modify Roof Frame (Modify flyout).

2 Click the roof frame you want to modify

Click an edge of the roof.

We will use the same settings for the half-hipped roof as for

principal roof pane.

3 Click Match on the Context toolbar and click the eaves on

right or left hand side.

The half hip is to begin 3 m above the bottom level of the wa

i.e., it will run at an absolute height of 8.50 m. You can bypa

the process of entering this point by displaying an elevation

at this height.

4 Click Elevation line and

enter 8.50.

5 Click Set Point (Dynamic toolbar) and click a corner of theelevation line in isometric view.

Tip: The settings displayed inthe Context toolbar arealways those that you usedfor the most recent roof.

Tip: The point you set doesn’tnecessarily have to be on theroof pane itself.









100 Additional Information on Making Roof Alterations Allplan

Additional Information on Making Roof Alterations

Removing slopes from roof frames

There are times when you will find that you want to start over againwith the process of applying roof profiles.To delete all the profiles in a roof, either delete the roof frame or

modify the roof using Modify Roof Frame, selecting Gable/Hip

Roof , entering a slope of 90 and then enclosing the entire roof in a

selection rectangle.

I can’t apply a profile

Do the following when the roof refuses to accept a profile that you

want to apply and simply remains cube-like.First check the settings for the slope, eaves, top and bottom level onthe Context toolbar.If the settings are OK, the problem may be that you have

inadvertently superimposed two roof planes. In this case, profiles

cannot be applied. Use Delete Plane to delete the redundantplane.

Modifying individual planes in a roof

You can explode a roof – which, after all, is simply a collection of pairs of reference planes – into its constituent planes and then edit

each plane using Modify Roof Frame (in the Architecturemodule). This is often useful with complex roofs.

A roof that has been exploded into discrete planes can no longer be

addressed as a single roof (e.g., with Copy Plane).

Detailed information is provided in the online Help (press the F1 key to access it) or in the manual.



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 5: Design Steel Skeleton

Exercise 5: Design Steel

SkeletonThe Rafter Design module offers unlimited possibiliti

for using your own, custom sections or predefined

sections from the symbol catalog.

Not only do you have full control over the shapes, bu

you can also assign the material – e.g., steel – as well

other parameters.

In subsequent analyses and evaluations of the buildin

data, you can thus output steel schedules.



102 Task 1: Create Custom Sections Allplan

Task 1: Create Custom Sections

To create a 2D symbol and save it as a column cross-

section

Open and empty drawing file (14) and make it current.

Close all the others.

1 Draw the following using the 2D tools on the Draft flyout:

Exact dimensions are only of

importance if you want to enter

standard components. For custom

outlines, you can enter the exact

dimensions later in a dialog box

(see below).

This approach can be used for

any 2D cross-section.

2 Use Write to Library (Standard toolbar) to save this drawing

as a symbol.

3 In the Rafter Design module, click Post (Create flyout) and set

the following parameters in Properties:

Tip: You can use thefunctions integrated in the

dialog box toMirror/rotate the section(profile) before placing it.




- Choose a Profile

(Choose a different library and folder if necessary.)

- Trade: Steel construction work

- Material: Steel

4 Define properties or place a point

Place the symbol and

enter the following height values:

- Enter bottom level of post or place a transition point :0.00

- Enter top level of post or enter a point through which it w

pass : 9.50

5 Define properties or place a point

Place two more posts with a center-to-center distance of 6 m

using the Brackets and Delta Point tools (Point Assis

toolbar).

6 Click Mirror and Copy (Edit flyout) and create the posts the opposite side at a distance of 10 m from each other.Distance to edge of mirror axis: 5 m.

If necessary, use Brackets and Delta Point.



104 Task 2: Place HEB Sections Allplan

Task 2: Place HEB Sections

To create “steel beams“

1 Click Place Beam (Create flyout) and enter 10.0 in the Heightbox.

2 Polyline from point ... / ... to point

Define the polyline along the corner posts.

3 Press ESC to finish entering the current polyline and

then ESC again to quit polyline input mode.

4 Click a line that will serve as the reference line

In plan, click the line along which the beams are to be placed.

Tip: We recommend that youcreate additional points whenentering the polyline of thecorner posts. This ensures thatthe beams cover the postsexactly.




5 Define the start and end of the placement region and

click Properties:

- Use to select a suitable profile from a symbol cat(e.g. HEA 500).

- If required, adjust the Width/height.

- Trade: Steel construction work

- Material: Steel

- Bearing length reference line / opp.(osite): 1.0 m for eac

6 Set the parameters as shown:

7 Press ESC to finish entry, press Yes to confirm and press ESC

quit the tool.

Tip: If you installed the ‘Basicarchitecture symbols‘ withAllplan, different steelsections are available to youin the symbol catalog.



106 Task 2: Place HEB Sections Allplan

To design “steel rafters“

1 In the Roof Modeler module, click Roof Frame (Roofs and

Planes flyout) and create a roof frame around the steel beams.

The result might look like this:

2 In the Rafter Design module, click Place Rafters (Create

flyout) and select a plane.

Tip: Check the value inOpposite pitch to obtain aclean intersection at the ridgewhen the roof pitches are

different.







Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Designing Custom Planes

Designing Custom Planes

An Outlook on the 3D Modeling Module

Tools for creating basic shapes are a standard CAD

feature.

What about profiles with unusual shapes, though?

When you have purchased the 3D Modeling mod

you create 3D “roofscapes” based on 2D designs.The following chapter is an extract from the Advance

3D step-by- step guide.



110 An Outlook on the 3D Modeling Module Allplan

Using the view of the building, you can draw a dormer shapeconsisting of 2D lines. This can then be converted to a 3D entity andintegrated in the roof ’s plane structure.The dormer immediately has an effect on the cubic volume and floor space calculations.

This short description is provided to illustrate the boundless

opportunities provided in the 3D Modeling module when itcomes to designing your own planes.

Create the house or atticusing just roof frames.

You can then fill it out

with a Free-form Wall.

Create a hidden-line

image in a separatedrawing file based on anelevation view.

You can draw any dormer shape you wantas a 2D design.

The lines for the dormer

profile are converted to

3D entities and movedonto the roof.



Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Designing Custom Planes

The profile is rotated by

90° relative to thedormer ridge.

The dormer and dormer

ridge are rotated by 90°

again in plan view. Thedistance to the base lineaxis of rotation ensures

the correct height in the zdirection.

A polyline

sweep solidis obtainedfrom the 3Dparts of the

dormer.

The dormer and thebuilding

structure are

joined.

The 3Dobject isexplodedintoarchitectural

referenceplanes.

You can now draw all the components you need in the area

delimited by the planes: Walls, roof, windows etc. will adapt

automatically!





Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Index

Index3

3D Modeling 109

B

barrel roof 33

creating 36

parameters 38

related shapes 33

transferring frame 39

basic settings 16

pen and linetype 17

reference scale 17

units 17

C

collar beam 84

collar tie 84

D

Default reference planes 20

delete roof plane 55

dormer

dormer slab 59

dormer walls 63

inserting 50, 51drawing file organization 44

E

elevation line 51, 97

F

find closed polylines 39, 56

G

Gable/Hip Roof 47, 66

gambrel roof

universal shape 29Gambrel Roof 29, 93

H

Half-hipped Roof 97

header 81

Mmodification

additional information 1

modifying roof frames 9

split and lower 95

modifications

modifying roof profile 93

roof, general 91

Modify Roof Profile 93

mono-pitch roof 26

using 2 points 27

Oobjectives 11

P

planes

custom planes 9

default planes 9

priority issues 9

split and lower 95

posts 80

purlin 77

Rrafters and timber elements

collar beam 84

collar tie 84

header 81

hip and valley rafter 75

placing 71

post 80

purlin 77

rafter design 71, 75

rafter-supporting purlins

timber schedule 88

Rafters and Timber Element

reference scale 17

requirements 2

roof 41

barrel roof 33

basic shapes 19



Documents

Nemetschek Campus Allplan - Step by Step Roof Modeling, Rafter Design