Nelson MandelaIn June 2008 there was a huge In June 2008 there was a huge concert in London to celebrate concert in London to celebrate Nelson Mandela’s 90Nelson Mandela’s 90thth birthday birthday

• A statue of the great man was unveiled outside the Houses of Parliament in London

Apartheid

• 1948 National Government• Black and White people to be treated

differently• Black people to live ‘apart’ in separate

areas• Had to carry a passbook

• The passbook took away people’s freedom to move around

• Black people were sent to live in shanty towns

• Often their homes were little more than huts

• When people complained they were treated brutally

• 200 protestors were killed at Sharpeville in 1960

Nelson Mandela

• A young man called Nelson Mandela thought all of this was wrong

• He was born here

• Transkei, South Africa

• 18 July 1918• His father

Henry was chief of the Tembu Tribe

• His name was Rolihlahla until he went to a school run by English priests

• When he grew up, Mandela joined a group called The African National Congress (ANC)

• He tried to change things• In 1964 he was brought to

trial and sentenced to life imprisonment

Nelson Mandela

• He was sent to prison at a place called Robben Island

Nelson Mandela

• He was often kept all alone

• This was called solitary confinement

Nelson Mandela

• People all over the world complained about what was happening in South Africa

• But Mandela was kept in prison for 28 years

• Eventually the government gave in

Nelson Mandela

• On 18 February 1990• Nelson Mandela was

freed• He told his supporters

that they should not use violence

• They should help him to change South Africa peacefully

Nelson Mandela

• In 1993 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

• At his acceptance speech he said, “an injury to one is an injury to all”

Nelson Mandela

• In 1994 the first ever free elections for all South Africans were held

Nelson Mandela

• Mr Mandela became his country’s first ever President to be elected by all South Africans

• The new South Africa had to decide on a new national flag and a new national anthem

• The problem was that in the new rainbow nation, different groups spoke different languages

• A COMPROMISECOMPROMISE was needed!

• Used FiveFive languages

• IsiXhosa• IsiZulu• Sesotho• Afrikaans• English

• TranslationTranslation

• Lord, bless AfricaMay her spirit rise high up

Hear thou our prayersLord bless us. Lord, bless Africa

Banish wars and strifeLord, bless our nation

Of South Africa. • Ringing out from our blue heavens

From our deep seas breaking roundOver everlasting mountains

Where the echoing crags resound • Sounds the call to come together,

And united we shall stand,Let us live and strive for freedom,

In South Africa our land.

• Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika • Maluphakanyisw' uphondo lwayo,

Yizwa imithandazo yethu,Nkosi sikelela, thina lusapho lwayo. • Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso,O fedise dintwa la matshwenyeho,

O se boloke, O se boloke setjhaba sa heso,Setjhaba sa South Afrika - South Afrika.

• Uit die blou van onse hemel,Uit die diepte van ons see,Oor ons ewige gebergtes,

Waar die kranse antwoord gee, • Sounds the call to come together,

And united we shall stand,Let us live and strive for freedom,In South Africa our land.

• Sadly, in December of 2013, Nelson Mandela died in South Africa.

• Nelson Mandela is seen as one of history's most inspirational figures.