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Mr. Nelson – APHG – Midterm Exam Part 1 (Chapter 1-6)1. In 1492, Christopher Columbus’s voyage took nearly 40 days to cross the Atlantic Ocean, a trip that would take a modern ship less than one week. This difference best reflects the geographic concept of(A) distance decay (B) space-time compression (C) uneven development (D) distribution (E) stimulus diffusion

2. Compared with the world pattern of crude birth rates, the world pattern of crude death rates shows(A) more variation because of the vast inequalities in minimal health care throughout the world(B) less variation because of the general availability of minimal health care facilities throughout the world(C) equal variation because of the offsetting effect of birth and death rates throughout the world(D) no variation(E) High variation because of the high infant mortality in some world regions

3.)

4.)

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5.) Which of the following places is least influenced by conflicts related to multilingualism?(A) Nigeria (B) Cyprus (C) Venezuela (D) Belgium (E) Quebec

6.) Which of the following factors had the greatest effect in proving the demographic theorist Thomas Malthus incorrect?(A) Decreased land supply after the Industrial Revolution(B) Improved fertilizers and crop strains(C) Increased contraceptive technology in the Western Hemisphere(D) The decline of the Roman Catholic Church’s influence on politics in Britain(E) Improved trade routes enabling improved food transport and cross-national trade

7.) In the 1980s the demographic trend in China was best characterized by a(n)(A) rapidly rising crude birth rate(B) falling life expectancy(C) decreasing general fertility rate(D) increased total fertility rate(E) surge in refugees emigrating from China

8.) You would most expect to find a linguistic refuge area in a(n)(A) relatively flat country (D) river bank(B) mountainous area (E) marketplace(C) international airport

9.) All the following are in the Indo-European language family EXCEPT(A) Portuguese (B) Hindi (C) Bengali (D) Turkish (E) German

10.) Currently, the world’s third-largest religion, in terms of number of adherents, is(A) Sikhism (D) Christianity(B) Hinduism (E) Judaism(C) Islam

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11.) An essential difference between the standard language of a people and an official language is that the standard language is(A) the chosen, generally accepted variant of a language, while the official language is the legally declared language of a country to be used in all government interactions(B) usually spoken by outsiders, while the official language is what is on all official documents(C) the form spoken by commoners, while the official language is the “king’s form” of the language, taught in the grammar books(D) used widely throughout society, while the official language is only used for government documents(E) unchanging, while the official language changes with changes in governments

12.) The migration of a Hildegarde von Pabst to Dayton, Ohio, from Berlin, Germany, because of a cousin living in Dayton is most closely an example of(A) forced migration (D) periodic movement(B) chain migration (E) a refugee(C) internal migration

13.) Which of the following correctly sequences Sino-Tibetan languages from largest to smallest in terms of the number of native speakers?(A) Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, Hakka (Kejia), Min(B) Cantonese, Wu, Mandarin, Min, Hakka (Kejia)(C) Hakka (Kejia), Mandarin, Wu, Cantonese, Min(D) Mandarin, Wu, Cantonese, Min, Hakka (Kejia)(E) Mandarin, Min, Cantonese, Hakka (Kejia), Wu

14.) All the following are factors motivating the conflict surrounding Quebec, Canada, EXCEPT(A) language (B) economic inequality (C) sovereignty (D) colonial roots (E) religion

*15.) The world’s three major monotheistic religions originated in which of the following regions:A.) Southeast AsiaB.) Eastern EuropeC.) Western EuropeD.)Northern Africa E.) Southwest Asia

16.) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is HIGHLY (very) correlated with which of the following:A.) Industrial outputB.) Gender empowermentC.) Coal ProductionD.) Percentage of commercial farmers in a societyE.) Physiological Density

*17.) One would expect to find a population with a relatively young age structure in:A.) Munich, GermanyB.) Lagos, NigeriaC.) Chicago, United StatesD.) Beijing, ChinaE.) Toronto, Canada

18.) In North America, “porch,” “stoop,” “balcony,” and “veranda,” are used in different regions. If you were to map who said what where, you would be drawing:

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A.) Ethnic boundariesB.) multilingual (polyglot) regionsC.) language groupsD.) language familiesE.) isoglosses

19.) The language of Russian in Central Asia could accurately be described as a:A.) Regional dialectB.) a standard languageC.) a lingua francaD.) an Eastern Orthodox dialectE.) official language

20.) The existence of South Asian communities in places such as Guyana, Fiji, and South Africa are the result of:A.) relocation diffusionsB.) colonial-era labor migrationsC.) religious conversions by missionariesD.) migrants to high-technology development zonesE.) rural to urban migration

21.) China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily becauseA) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.B) China's physical environment is less suitable to raising pigs.C) China has more people than the countries of Southwest Asia.D) Rice is the main cereal grain grown in China.E) all of the above

22.) Large-scale migration occurred in South Asia after 1947 primarily because of theA) boat people. B) communist victory. C) failure of the monsoon rains. D) separation of religious groups.E) new mobility provided by railway construction.23.) Which of the folloinwg profies chracterizes the population group that i smost likely to migrate?a.) Married, 25 years old, b.) Single, 25 years old, c.) Married, 50 years old, d.) Single, 50 years old, e.) Married, 65 years old

24.) The allignment of ancient Chinese cities towards teh cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) best illustrates the importance of which of the following factors in teh shaping of these early cities?a.) Belief systems, b.) Topography, c.) Economics, d.) Gender, e.) Technology

25.) Which of the following areas has the greatest linguistic fragmentation?a.) Korea, b.) Scandinavia, c.) Caucasus, d.) Argentina, e.) Quebec

26.) What is the difference between GPS and GIS?a.) GPS uses GIS datab.) GIS uses GPS data to determine locationc.) GPS is the layering of data, whereas GPS is the gathering of datad.) GIS is the layering of data, whereas GPS is the gathering of datae.) GPS correlates with GIS, but GIS does not correlate with GPS

*27.) The first wave of immigrants to the United States during the nineteenth century came

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from: a.) Asia and Latin America b.) Italy, Russia, and Poland c.) England, Ireland, and Germany d.) Sweden, Norway, and Slovakia e.) Africa and Oceania

*28.) Cultural ecology studies the:A.) interactions between human societies and the physical environmentB.) interactions between places over spaceC.) relationship between media and diffusionD.) relationships between language and land useE.) relationship between politics and policy

*29.) The nineteenth century emigration of a large number of Swedes from a particular region of Sweden to Isanti County, Minnesota, as a result of a communications from friends and relatives who preceded them there is an example of:A.) brain drainB.) chain migrationC.) net migrationD.) internal migrationE.) counterurbanizaion

*30.) All of the following are correct statements about time zones EXCEPT:A.) The People’s Republic of China has only one time zoneB.) Standard time zones were established in the United States in 1883 to accommodate internal railroad travelC.) International time zones were established in 1884 to facilitate international communicationD.) Time zones were established to facilitate the planting and harvesting of cropsE.) Most time zones are areas of about 15 degrees wide

*31.) In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the demographic transition in Europe was best characterized by:

A.) a shift in the composition of national populations towards greater ethnic balanceB.) a net population decline resulting from an excess of deaths over birthsC.) migration between European countriesD.) large-scale population movement following periods of war or widespread civil unrestE.) urbanization and falling birth rates

*32.) Every map projection has some degree of distortion because:A.) a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortionB.) parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on globesC.) the grid system is two-dimensional, while the real world is three-dimensionalD.) Earth is not a perfect sphereE.) latitude lines are shorter than meridian lines

*33.) An example of an important site characteristic is aA.) major airportB.) grid street patternC.) major central parkD.) natural harborE.) public sports facility

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*34.) The ‘why of where’ refers to:A.) geography’s emphasis on landscape featuresB.) spatial patterns on the landscapeC.) a definition of geography that is simply locationalD.) the idea that the explanation of a spatial pattern is crucialE.) the depiction of a region’s physical features

35.) Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth?A.) Maps showing the area of France before and after surveyingB.) Maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest European travelersC.) Maps showing Michigan’s population density by counties and the United States population density by stateD.) Maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and after the DepressionE.) Maps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia

*36.) During the last quarter of the twentieth century, the birth rate has fallen most significantly in which of the following?A.) The United States B.) India C.) Iran D.) China E.) France

*37.) A formal culture region differs from other regions in that itA.) has a focal point or nodeB.) is one that people believe existsC.) has a selected feature or internal uniformityD.) does not contain gradations such as core, domain, and sphereE.) applies only to linguistic and religion regions

*38.) Contact zones between religions are most likely to be volatile when they areA.) inhabited by two major groups with divergent religious beliefsB.) made up of three or more religious groupsC.) characterized by considerable interaction between religious groupsD.) also language contact zonesE.) associated with competing ethno national claims to territory

39.) The number of people under the age of 15 plus the number of people above the age of 64 divided by the number of the people aged 15 through 64 is defined as(A) carrying capacity(B) primary economic sector (C) dependency ratio(D) age-sex pyramid(E) infrastructure

40.) Which of the following places is least influenced by conflicts related to multilingualism?(A) Nigeria (B) Cyprus (C) Venezuela (D) Belgium (E) Quebec

41.) The migration of a Hildegarde von Pabst to Dayton, Ohio, from Berlin, Germany, because of a cousin living inDayton is most closely an example of(A) forced migration (B) periodic movement(C) chain migration (D) a refugee

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(E) internal migration

42.) The actual number of live births per 1,000 women refers to(A) total fertility rate (B) infant mortality rate(C) fecundity (D) general fertility rate(E) crude birth rate

43.)

44.) Which of the following countries has the largest number of Shia Muslims?(A) Saudi Arabia (B) Indonesia (C) Bangladesh (D) Iran (E) Pakistan

*45.) In which of the following countries has the diffusion of Christianity met the most resistance?A.) China B.) Brazil C.) Italy D.) Mexico E.) South Africa

Mr. Nelson – APHG MIDERM PART II (2017-2018)

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*46.) Sometimes a diffusion process encounters barriers that slow or stop the spread of an innovation. Which of the following is an example of such a barrier?A.) A lack of infrastructure to support a new technology B.) A change in the price of energy C.) A jump from contagious to hierarchical diffusion D.) A transition from stimulus to contagious diffusion E.) A new form of media to broadcast information

*47.) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hinduism?A.) It uses human and animal images in its sacred spacesB.) Pilgrims bathe in holy riversC.) Religious functions most likely take place at home within the familyD.) It is a universalizing religionE.) Sacred places are established by tradition

48.)

*49.) Which of the following religions is appropriately matched with its region of origin?A.) Islam…Egypt B.) Judaism…Spain C.) Hinduism…China D.) Buddhism…India E.) Christianity…Germany

*50.) In which of the following pairs do both countries exhibit zero or negative population growth rates?A.) Pakistan and China B.) India and Germany C.) Japan and Germany D.) China and India E.) India and Japan

*51.) Which of the following best describes Carl Sauer’s concept of the cultural landscape?A.) It is the way people landscape their yards in different parts of the world.B.) It is the way houses of worship are builtC.) It is the outcome of interactions between humans and their natural environmentD.) It is a shared set of meanings and symbolic practicesE.) It is the human adaptation to Earth’s physical environment

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*52.) Sri Lanka and Australia have about the same population. What data would help you determine which country has a higher physiological population density?A.) The area of each countryB.) The number of farmers in each countryC.) The total fertility rate of each countryD.) The amount of arid land in each countryE.) The amount of arable land in each country

*53.) The spread of the use of chopsticks into Southeast Asian countries with the influx of Chinese immigrants is an example of which of the following concepts?A.) Stimulus diffusion B.) Hierarchical diffusion C.) Assimilation D. Acculturation E.) Relocation Diffusion

54.)) Cultural diversity is promoted byA) the relative isolation of a group from others. B) globalization. C) the movement of goods and services across borders. D) expansion diffusion.

55 (question on left), 56 (question on right)

57.) What geographical feature usually distinguishes time zones? a.) 5 degrees of latitudeb.) 5 degrees of longitude c.) 15 degrees of latituded.) 15 degrees of longitudee.) 30 degrees of longitude

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58.) What is the difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided (usually) per 1,000 inhabitants?a) Gravity Rateb) Net Migration Ratec) Voluntary Migration Rated) Crude Migration Rate

59.) Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Ricaa.) has a higher sex ratio.b.) has more hospitals per person.c.) has a milder climate.d.) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition.e.) has a lower percentage of elderly people.

60.) The world's population in 1995 was approximately 6 billion and a steady rate of growth was expected to reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. The period of 45 years is known asa.) doubling time.b.) life expectancy.c.) natural increase rate.d.) overpopulation.e.) demographic transition.

61.) Which one of the following is the best example of the geographic term ‘density’?a.) the fact that there are 8 Home Depots in Nassau Countyb.) the fact that the swine flu spread rapidly from Queens through Nassau Countyc.) the way in which Islam spread from Southwest Asia to Spaind.) how new land was created by the Dutch draining water from the North Sea

62.) Which of the following is an example of an ethnic relgion?a.) Islam, b.) Mormonism, c.) Buddhism, d.) Judaism, e.) Roman Catholicism

63.) Traditionally, the Ganges Valley and the Nile Valley have had comparatively high population densities because of their:a.) tropical climates, b.) heavy industry, c.) in-migration from neighboring arid areas, d.) intensive agriculture based on irrigation, e.) designation as sacred space

64.) All of the following twentieth century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open conflict EXCEPT:a.) Asians leaving Uganda, b.) Kosovars leaving Rwanda, c.) Tutsis leaving Rwanda, d.) Hindus leaving Pakistan, e.) Mexicans leaving Mexico

65.) French influence on land division in the United States and Canada resulted inA.) nucleated villages and fragmented farmsB.) the metes and bounds systemC.) a rectilinear subdivision of public landD.) a long-lot systemE.) the township and range survey system

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66.) According to the model, the road between which cities will have the highest volume of traffic?A.) S and Q B.) S and V C.) U and S D.) X and Q E.) X and Y

67.) The Daily Rag provides news to al the cities in the region and wants to build a new distribution center. If the Daily Rag distributes its papers according to city size, which city is best located for minimizing distribution costs? A.) PB.) QC.) SD.) XE.) Y

68.) Students in City Y have come up with a new flavor of ice cream. If their innovation spreads hierarchically, which city’s residents will be the last to try the new flavor?A.) PB.) RC.) UD.) WE.) Z

69) Which of the following best describes the situation of religion in Tibet?A) Only a few practice Buddhism; the majority observe Confucianism.B) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control over the policies of their province.C) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.D) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law.

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70) Religion is a particularly good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity becauseA) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate to a new area.B) many people follow more than one religion.C) all religions are in competition to convert as many people as possible.D) religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others.

71) Which is a branch of Christianity?A) DruzeB) Eastern OrthodoxC) ShiiteD) TheravadistE) Judaism

72) Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to A) Christianity. B) Roman Catholicism.C) Protestantism.D) Eastern Orthodoxy.

73) Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?A) having a Roman Catholic majorityB) having a Protestant majorityC) location relative to the EquatorD) Ethnic religions make up the majority in one but not the other.

74) Baptists are clustered in the ________ United States.A) northeasternB) south easternC) southwesternD) upper midwesternE) A and D

75) Lutherans are clustered in the ________ United States.A) northeasternB) southernC) southwesternD) upper midwesternE) B and C

76) Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration ofA) Roman Catholics from Latin America.B) Roman Catholics from the northeast United States.

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C) Roman Catholics from Ireland.D) Protestants to the north.E) Protestants to the east.

77) The dominant branch of Islam isA) Druze.B) Eastern Orthodoxy.C) Sikh.D) Sunni.E) Shiite78) Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, primarily becauseA) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham.B) it uses a lunar calendar.C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.D) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.E) the holy text is the foundation of the religion.

79) Christianity first diffused from its hearth throughA) contagious diffusion.B) hierarchical diffusion.C) relocation diffusion.D) expansion diffusion.E) all of the above

80) Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?A) BuddhismB) ChristianityC) HinduismD) IslamE) Shintoism

81) For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have beenA) highly clustered in present-day Israel.B) dispersed around the world.C) concentrated in the United States.D) forced to live in ghettos.E) nomads herding sheep.

82) Lutheranism is an example of a ChristianA) branch.B) denomination.C) religion.D) sect.E) family.

83) Muslims are clustered inA) Sub-Saharan AfricaB) Central and South America

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C) Eastern EuropeD) East AsiaE) Southwest and Southeast Asia

*84) The principal religion of Central and South America is (A) Eastern Orthodoxy (B) Roman Catholicism (C) Buddhism (D) Islam (E) Protestantism

*85) Which of the following countries has the largest number of Sunni Muslims? (A) Saudi Arabia (B) Bangladesh (C) Egypt (D) Iran (E) Indonesia

*86) Which of the following religions is predominant in the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota? (A) Catholic (B) Mormon (C) Lutheran (D) Baptist (E) Methodist

87)All or nearly all of the population of the shaded land region on the map above avoid which of the following foods?A) Beef

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B) PoultryC) Pork