RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA,

BANGALORE.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION

OF

SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

JESSY MOLE A.M

1ST YEAR M.SC NURSING

PAEDIATRIC NURSING

2012-2014

SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING

K.R PURAM, BANGALORE-49

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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF

SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1 NAME OFTHE CANDIDATE

AND ADDRESS

Mrs. JESSY MOLE A.M

1ST YEAR MSC ( N )

SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING

BANGALORE-49

2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING

3 COURSE OF STUDY AND

SUBJECT

M.Sc. NURSING

PAEDIATRIC NURSING

4 DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE

COURSE

29.06.2012

5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESSS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE REGARDING THE IMPACT OF OVER USE OF MOBILE PHONES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED SCHOOL,BANGALORE ”.

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6.0 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

“Any form of art is a form of power, it has impact, it can affect change-it can not only

move us it makes us move “. - Ossie Davis

Cell phones had started out as a gadget for adults, but they have now become a

necessary item for the entire family. At present, India has 391 million cell phone users. By

the end of 2010, this figure is estimated to rise to 500 million. The health ministry says

talking for too long on a cell phone seriously affect your health. Quoting a small-scale PGI

Chandigarh study, health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad had said that sensorineural deafness

could occur in 30% of people using mobile phones for more than two hours a day over a

two-year period1.

The whole world is gripped by the mobile craze whether it is a student, housewife,

shopkeeper, and rickshaw driver, milkman, professional, rich or poor almost every one

carries cell phone on his/her hand. Many children spend more than 6 hours a day on their

phone in talking testing or playing games. The extensive use of cell phone is making us

addict of the small device. Just like every medicine has its side effects, cell phone also

have some drawbacks. The increased use of mobile phone has increased the magnitude of

potential health risk among its users.2

WHO’s Interphone report, published in the international Journal of Epidemiology, said

heavy users were more at risk of developing glioma tumors who reported phone use on the

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same side of the head. A survey of almost 13,000 people between 2000 and 2004 found

most mobile phone users did not have an increased risk developing meningioma – a

common and frequently benign tumor – or glioma, a rare but deadlier form of cancer2.

“There were, however suggestions that using mobile phones for more than 30 minutes

each day could increase the risk of glioma. Longer call times appeared to pose a greater

risk than then number of calls made.3

India is world’s second largest market after China based on the mobile subscriber base.

The growth rate of telecom industry in India is one of the highest compared to other

telecom markets in the world. The mobile sector has grown more than tenfold from 2004

to around 392 million subscribers by mid-2009.India is among top 10 nations using smart

phones offering mobile internet ideal for corporate and business professionals, thus there

is increasing usage of cell phone from children to adults.4

According to Docomo Mobile Society Research Institute, an International Comparison

2011 Report- The use of mobile phones by children starts from the age of 8 to 18. Also it

provides a greater understanding of how children use mobile phones, the role mobile

technology plays in parent and child relationships and how children’s social attitudes may

be influenced by its use. New research was conducted with more than 3,500 pairs of

children and parents in Japan, India, Paraguay and Egypt. It shows that nearly 70% of all

children surveyed use of a mobile phone, one in 5children uses a previously- owned

mobile phone and use of new phones such as smart phones is already noticeable among

children upto 14% in Egypt. In Egypt the age at which they get their first mobile phone

peaks at 12years. In Japan, a peak is seen at age 15.In Paraguay and India are higher at 12

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and 15 years old respectively.5

In USA a survey conducted to asses the level of mobile phone addiction among

adolescents. The study result shows that 30% reported they cannot live with out cell phone

and out of 220 only 3 had met the challenge not using cell phones for three days. The

study concluded that the mobile usage is inevitable among the public and it is very

difficult for the public to live with out mobile phone. Apart from this various benefits of

mobile phone, its over usage leads to mobile phone addiction .The mobile phone addiction

means that, usage of mobiles in a compulsive repeated manner which the person cannot

resist. It is one of the biggest non drug addiction in the world6.

A whole generation of teenagers faces premature senility in the prime of their lives due

to the over use of mobile phones and new wireless technology. The cell phone exposure

can also disrupt the natural electrical activity of a child’s brain for up to an hour afterward.

Children and teens are the fastest growing group of mobile phone users. Children absorb

about 50% more Radiation into their heads than adults, making them much more

susceptible to injury. One Australian report suggests that children absorb harmful

microwaves at 3.3 times the rate of adults.7

A study was conducted to examine use of mobile phones, social networks and academic

performance among high school students in the U.S.A .Heavy mobile phone users

reported that they had a better relationship with their friends and parents. Additionally,

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frequent mobile users also reported that highly consistent use of their mobile phones

affected their academic performance and learning.8

The children are more attracted for the mobile phones; they are more addicted and

crazy for these mobile phones. The tissues of children’s are tender and allows the

radiation to penetrate the brain tissues deeper and faster. Also the young brain is still in

developing stage. The RF radiation can cause DNA damage, some DNA dies; some

survive deformed and can be transmitted to generations ahead with defects. Children

below 16 years should be discouraged from using mobile phones9. Mobile phones usage

and brain cancer are linked to each other. Using mobile phones for more than 10 years

could double up one’s risk of having brain tumor.10

As every innovation and technology has pros and cons, mobile use also has advantages

and disadvantages. Ignorance of the disadvantage among children has lead to a long way

health hazards. Hence the investigator feels that there is a need to assess the mobile usage

among children and to educate these future young population to minimize or prevent the

impact on ones health.

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6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Reviews form the basis of any study, hence the following reviews were done to

support the study.

1. Literature related to overuse of mobile phones among high school children

2. Literature related to impact of over use of mobile phones among high school

children.

1.Literature related to overuse of mobile phones among high school children

As study was conducted in Britain to find out the extent of use of cell phones by

children and the effect of Cell phone radiations in children among 1,000 British children.

The result showed that 90% of under-16s own a mobile and one in 10 spends more than

45 minutes a day using it. The study concluded that the brain damage is a probability

rather than possibility, children whose start using mobile at young age have a much

greater risk of developing a life threatening disease like Alzheimer’s.11

A descriptive survey was conducted on the impact of excessive use of cell phone by

teens and thereby distracted driving. The samples were 800 American students ages from

12-15yrs.Results revealed that 71% of the students own a cell phone and there is an

increased utility of mobile phone in high school children ie.12yrs old, 53% of 13 yrs old,

72% of 14yrs old, 79% of 15yrs old. Also, 94% call friends, 76% text message, 38% text

message daily. As per the investigators view, their attention as well a perception were

altered by the increased utility of mobiles while driving.12

A survey was done in He- Osaka area in 2008, which showed 29.5%high school students

use their cell phones more than 3 hours a day and found that 8% of female high school

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students send 100 or more E-mails a day. Another survey found that 50%of high school

students use their cell phones even when their bathing.13

A survey was conducted on cell phone use and their friendships among high school

students in japan. The study revealed that half of the students who use cell phone have

dependency symptoms; other number of students felt that they could not go without cell

phone and more than half of the students were not using cell phones, wanted new one. The

study also reveal that students feel left out socially if they do not have a cell phone.14

According to the most recent Speak Up 2011 report, “Mapping a Personalized Learning

Journey,” which reflects the views of more than 416,000 K-12 students, parents, and

educators nationwide surveyed on how technology can enhance the learning environment.

They survey is produced by Project Tomorrow, an educational non-profit focused on

raising student voices in education policy discussions. The theme for this survey focused

on individualized learning paths. A whopping 45 percent of middle-schoolers and 55

percent of high-schoolers say that they mainly access the Internet through mobile devices.

And access to tablets doubled between 2010 and 2011 – up to 26 percent for middle-

schoolers and 21percent of high-schoolers. These are increasingly important ways that

students can interact with the world, follow their own interests and supplement their

school-based learning.15

2. Literature related to impact of over use of mobile phones among high school

children.

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A study was conducted to identify the effects of electromagnetic fields on cognitive

processes among 11 participants in Sydney. By using a psycho-physiological test

paradigm, examined the effects of exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive

performance. The result of the study was that 9 of 11 test participants (81.8%) showed

worse results in their auditory discrimination performance. Group data comparison

revealed a statistical significance of P = 0.0105. The study concluded that the participants'

cognitive performance was impaired after exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields.16

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of mobile phones on high school

students of 651 subjects in Tokyo. Each student participant completed a

questionnaire .The response rates were 88.8% (n = 578) for participants. Most of them

exchanged e-mails between schoolmates more than 10 times a day. The study concluded

that keitai having an e-mail function play a big part in the junior high-school students'

daily life, and its impact on students' friendships, psychology, or health.17

A study conducted in Spain, discovered that a cell phone call lasting just two minutes

can alter the natural electrical activity of a child's brain for up to an hour afterwards. The

alteration in brain waves could lead to things like a lack of concentration, memory loss,

inability to learn and aggressive behavior. Prominent Swedish scientist suggests cell

phones and the new wireless technology could cause a "whole generation" of today's

teenagers to go senile in the prime of their lives. It warned that long-term exposure could

potentially lower brain reserve capacity and exposed to medium and high levels of

radiation had an abundance of dead brain cells. The study suggests that this kind of

damage in humans could trigger the early onset of Alzheimer's disease.18

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A correlational study was done on Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone

use The researcher found that there was a link between cell phone and mental health, it

showed that teens who used cell phones were most likely to be anxious and depressed.19

A survey was conducted to investigate mobile phone use and dependence in Tunisian

high school students. Questionnaires were anonymously distributed to 120 adolescents

looking for the modalities of use of mobiles. SMS dependency was assessed with the

French version of the Igarashi scale. The results shows that excessive use in 31% were

have the perception of excessive use, 33.4% are emotionally attached to their mobile

phone, and 18% of cases maintained exclusive relationship with their mobile phones. This

study demonstrated a prevalence of new addiction to mobile phone among Tunisian high

school students20.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL

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MODULE REGARDING THE IMPACT OF OVER USE OF MOBILE PHONES

AMONG HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED SCHOOL,BANGALORE”.

6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the knowledge regarding the impact of overuse of mobile phones among

high school children.

2. To assess the effectiveness of self instructional module regarding the impact of

overuse of mobile phones by comparing the pre and post test knowledge scores.

3. To determine the association between post test knowledge scores on impact of

overuse of mobile phones among high school children with selected demographic

variables.

6.4.HYPOTHESIS

H1: There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test

knowledge scores among high school children regarding the impact of

overuse of mobile phone

H2 : There will be a significant association between post test level of

knowledge of high school children and selected demographic variable.

6.5 ASSUMPTIONS:

There will be some knowledge for high school children regarding the impact of over use

of mobile phones.

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6.6 RESEARCH VARIABLES:

Independent variable- self instructional module regarding the impact of overuse

of mobile phones.

Dependent variable- knowledge of high school children regarding the impact of

overuse of mobile phones.

Demographic variable- age, sex, place of residence, socioeconomic status.

6.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Effectiveness: It refers to the extent to which the self instructional module is

helpful in gaining knowledge by the high school children regarding the impact of

overuse of mobile phones after giving self instructional module which is measured

by difference between pre-test and post test knowledge scores.

Knowledge: In this study it refers to the correct response by the high school

children on impact of overuse of mobile phones measured by structured

knowledge questionnaire.

Impact: It refers to the strong ill effect of overuse of mobile phones among high

school children.

School: It refers to the place where children are educated.

Children: In this study children are referred to age group of 12-15 years studying

from 8th to 10th std.

Self instructional module: It refers to a written material providing information on

impact of overuse of mobile phones.

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Mobile phones: It refers a portable telephone that connects with the telephone

network over radio wave transmissions.

Overuse: It refers to excessive use of mobile phones more than 30 to 45 minutes

per day.

7.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1SOURCE OF DATA:

The data will be collected from High school children of selected schools in Bangalore.

7.2 METHOD OF COLLECTING DATA

7.2.1Research design :

Quasi -experimental pre-test, post-test design.

7.2.2 Population :

High school children

7.2.3 sample size :

60 sample

7.2.4 Sampling technique :

Simple random technique

7.2.5 criteria for selection of sample

a] Inclusion criteria

1. High school children 12-15 yrs

2. High school children who are willing to participate

b] Exclusion criteria :

1. High school children who are not available at the time of data collection.

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7.2.6 settings :

This study will be conducted in selected high school Bangalore.

7.2.7 Tools for data collection :

Tool will be divided into 2 sections

Part A : proforma for collecting demographic data

Part B : structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of high

school children regarding the impact of overuse of mobile phones.

7.2.8 Data collection procedure

Prior to the data collection written permission will be obtained from selected high school

for conducting the study through proper channel. Pretest will be conducted by using

structured questionnaire schedule to assess the knowledge of high school children

regarding the impact of overuse of mobile phones. Then self instructional module on

impact of overuse of mobile phones will be administered to the subjects after assessing

the knowledge. After 7 days post test will be conducted by using same structured

questionnaire.

7.2.9 Data analysis method

The data will be analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. paired’ t test will

be used to examine the effectiveness of self instructional module by comparing the pre test

and post test scores. Chi square test will be used to determine the association of

demographic variables of children with post-test knowledge.

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7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE INVESTIGATION TO BE

CONDUCTED IN PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMALS?

IF SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.

NO

7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM

YOUR INSTITUTION IN CASE OF THE ABOVE?

YES, informed consent will be obtained from concerned subject and authority of

schools. Privacy, confidentiality and anonymity will be guarded. Scientific objectivity of

the study will be maintained with honesty and impartiality.

8.0 REFERENCES

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1. Mandira.S Indian health ministry commissions on health hazards of cell phones

In Karnataka.2008 Jun;Available from http://www.cellphonebet.com/entry-on-

health-hazards-of-cell phones

2.koutenya. cell overuse can cause brain cancer. Tnn ,2010,may 18.

3.Glioma CM. Where Are You Africa? Church and society in the mobile phone age.

Cameroon: Langua Research & Publishing common Initiative Group; 2011

4.Internet and Mobile association of India.Available form

www.informationmadnness.com/blog

5. www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Ch...

1 Jul 2011 ...

6. LaPorta LD. Cellular telephones: a new addiction? Journal of Psychiatric Times 2006

Oct 1;23(11).

7. Children & Teens are the Fastest Growing Group of Mobile Phone Users

Available from http://www.discoverrealanswers.com/children_and_teens.shtml.

8. Aggrawal JC.development and planning of modern education.4th edition. New Delhi:

Vikas publishing house pvt Ltd; 1993

9. Government warns about ill effects of mobile phone radiation in India. 2008 Jun;

Available from http://www.livemint.com/2008/06/16115148/Govt-warns-about-

illeffects-.html

10. Thomas k Thomas. Kids below 16 may find it hard to own a mobile. business

line.2007 Aug; Available from http://www. business line .com.

16

11.Lief Salford. Probability rather than a possibility. Available from

http://www.discoverrealanswers.com/children_and_teens.shtml

12. . Kamibeppu K, Sugiura H. Impact of the mobile phone on high-school

Students' friendships in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005

Apr; 8(2):121-30

13. english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2001/.../2001112661188.html

14. Katz JE, Rice RE. Project syntopia : social consequences of internet

use.IT&society,2002 (2) 166-179.Available from URL:htp://www.itandsociety.org/

15. blogs.kqed.org/.../schools-and-students-clash-over-use-o... - United

StatesCached 21 May 2012

16. Maier R, Greter SE, Maier N. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive

processes Acta Neurol Scand. 2004 Jul;110(1):46-52

17. Mary Madden. Teens And Distracted Driving [Online] 2009

November 16[cited2009 December4]:Available

from:URL:http//www.pewinternet.com

18. Taraka Serrano. EMF Radiation and Your Brain. 2006 Nov.

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/emf-radiation-brain.html

19. Bianchi,Adriana;Phillips,James G. Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone

use. Cyber psychologyand behavior journal: 2005;vol.8,issue 8,pp no.39-51

20.Halayem S, Nouira O, Bourgou S, Bouden A, Othman S, Halayem M. The mobile: a

new addiction upon adolescents. Tunisian Medical Journal 2010 Aug;88(8):593-6.

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9 SIGNATURE OF THE

CANDIDATE

10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE THE TOPIC SELECTED FOR THE

STUDY IS RELEVANT AND NEED

BASED.

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11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5

NAME AND DESIGNATION OF

GUIDE

SIGNATURE

CO-GUIDE

SIGNATURE

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

Prof Mrs. PRISCILLA NIRMAL

HOD PAEDIATRIC NURSING SEA

COLLEGE OF NURSING.

Mrs. VERNONSIYA

LECTURER PAEDIATRIC NURSING

SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING,

BANGALORE-49.

Prof Mrs .PRISCILLA G NIRMAL

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11.6 SIGNATURE

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12.1

REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL

SIGNATURE

THE TOPIC SELECTED FOR THE STUDY IS RELEVANT AND CAN BE FORWARDED FOR NEEDFUL ACTION.

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