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aubrownsubverting the Western genre

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aubrownthe problem with vaguely defining its function as an epik

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aubrownesp. as a "national" epic

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aubrownbc there isn't really a unified Malay nation

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aubrownacknowledge many different forms, manifestations

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aubrowntoo nostalgic to inform current cultural unification/political integration

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aubrownoutmoded language, "boring", reserved for academia

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aubrownbut still a spark of common feeling, timeless unification

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aubrownnot an epic historically

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aubrown*role of rise of literacy

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aubrownexemplifies the [unifying] power of education/ written literature

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aubrownHikayat Hang Tuah's widespread influence/pwer dulled by fall of "bangswan" theater (the primary form of its transmission)

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aubrownnew media/ literature forms incorporate Hang Tuah symbol

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aubrownintellectuals abandon bc outmoded, impractical

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aubrownnationalism + independence: elites use Hang Tuah to perpetuate social hierarchy

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aubrownbecomes nationalist Malay identity epik

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aubrownmodern anti-feudal interpretation of epic

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aubrowna legacy of fragments persists

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