Nde Procedure Radiographic_testing)

8/9/2019 Nde Procedure Radiographic_testing)

1/43

WORKING PROCEDURE

Doc No.:CSB/SD/QAQC/001

Page 1 of 43 Rev. 0

NDE PROCEDURES RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING

Date: 27/02/2010

NDE PROCEDURE -

RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING


2/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 2 of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION

1.0 PURPOSE2.0 SCOPE.0 REFERENCE!.0 DEFINITION".0 PROCEDURE

".1 PERSONAL QUALIFICATION".2 RADIATION SAFET#". I$AGE QUALIT# INDICATOR %IQI&

".! FIL$ IDENTIFICATION"." QUALIT# OF RADIOGRAPH".' FIL$ PROCESSING".( RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE".) INTERPRATION".* ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

'.0 SPECIAL REQUIRE$ENT(.0 RECORD

(.1 REPORTING

APPENDICESAPPENDI+ 1 - RADIOGRAPH INDENTIFICATION ,

IQI PLACE$ENTAPPENDI+ 2 RADIOGRAPH E+POSURE

TECHNIQUEAPPENDI+ ACCEPTANCE CRITERIAAPPENDI+ ! - RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING FRO$


3/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 3 of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

1.0 PURPOSE

This procedure establishes the reuire!e"ts# tech"iues a"d

processes for ualit$ radiographic e%a!i"atio" o" &elds of plates#

bea!s# tubular a"d pipes.

2.0 SCOPE

This procedure is applicable to radiographic e%a!i"atio" usi"g 'r(

1)2 'sotope o" ferrous a"d "o" ferrous !aterial. *!e"d!e"ts !a$ be

!ade to this ge"eral procedure to !eet special reuire!e"tsspeci+call$. ,uch a!e"d!e"ts# if a"$# shall receive prior co"se"t of

-'T.

.0 REFERENCE

*, ,ectio" ( o"destructive %a!i"atio"*,' / *, 31.3 20075 ( Process Pipi"g*6, D1.1 200 ditio" ( ,tructural 6eldi"g -ode( ,teelPT, 80.014 ( PT, 9 Radiographic '"spectio"

!.0 DEFINITION

-, : -alidad ,d" hdP; : abata" Pe!ba"gu"a" ;e!ahira"; : as ?ualit$ *ssura"ce Depart!e"t ?*D5 shall use uali+ed

DT subco"tractor to perfor! the ga!!a ra$ Radiographic

Testi"g RT5.


4/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 4 of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

*ll RT Perso""el &ith the e%ceptio"s of assista"t shall be

uali+ed to *,T evel '' certi+ed b$ *,T evel ''' as per

-o"tractor>s 6ritte" Practice a"d P;/; evel ' i" '"dustrial

Radiograph$. The$ shall be lice"sed &ith *to!ic "erg$

ice"si"g oard *5 of ala$sia a"d radiographer shall have

at least 2 $ears e%perie"ce i" i"dustrial radiograph$.

*bove reuire!e"t shall be valid o"l$ for !a%i!u! source

stre"gth of 40-i. @o&ever# if the high source stre"gth is reuiredabove 40-i &ith a !a%i!u! of 0-i# the RT perso""el shall be

uali+ed to P;/; evel '' a"d havi"g at least 3 $ears

e%perie"ce i" i"dustrial radiograph$.

The e!plo$er of the radiographers shall sub!it his 6ritte"

Practice for perso""el uali+catio" a"d certi+catio"# radiatio"

safet$ a"d other &or=i"g procedure to -, for revie approvala"d audit.

Radiograph$ Ail! '"terpreters shall posses a valid P- / -,6'P

3.4 evel '' -erti+cate or euivale"t.


5/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 8 of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

".2 R8o3 S459

*ll perso""el perfor!i"g Radiographic Testi"g shall be a&are

of the pote"tial haBard of radiatio" a"d reuire!e"t of safe

practices# * Regulatio"# -, @ealth# ,afet$# a"d "viro"!e"t

a"age!e"t. Radiatio" safet$ procedures shall be sub!itted

a"d e!erge"c$ drill shall be co"ducted prior to &or=

co!!e"ce!e"t.

Radiatio" protectio" reuire!e"t set forth b$ the *. The

-o"tractor shall provide each radiographer &ith a +l! badge.

ach tea! shall have a Radiatio" eeper. ach tea!# co!prisi"g

a radiographer a"d assista"t radiographer shall be provided i"

accorda"ce &ith paragraph 8.3.

Radiographic testi"g perso""el !ust be certi+ed to *reuire!e"ts. The isotope pro


6/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

". I;5 Q9 I38co6 %I.Q.I&

'?'s shall be selected fro! either the sa!e allo$ !aterial

group or fro! a" allo$ !aterial group or grade &ith less

radiatio" absorptio" tha" the !aterial bei"g radio graphed.

Cther t$pes of '?' !a$ be used upo" approval fro! -'T.

,electio" of '?'s shall be as per table .8 a"d T(27 for *6,

D1.1 a"d *, respectivel$. Radiograph$ tech"iue a"deuip!e"t shall provided sucie"t se"sitivit$ to clearl$ sho&

the reuired &ire.


7/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 7 of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

'?' ,hall be selected as per follo&i"g table:


8/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page E of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

8.3.1 '?' Place!e"t

'?' shall "or!all$ be placed o" the source side. '" the

case &he" this is "ot possible due to i" accessibilit$ # the '?'

!a$ be placed o" the +l! side &ith the a lead letter FA> at

least as high as the '?' ide"ti+catio" "u!ber a"d shall be

placed ad


9/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page ) of 43 Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

".! F I853co3

ead !ar=er shall be used for radiograph ide"ti+catio". -,

shall i"corporate radiographic +l! ide"ti+catio" as follo&s:

i. -lie"tii. Pro


10/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 10 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

"." Q9 o4 R8o;6


11/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 11 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

i!age of the K Ko" the lighter bac=grou"d is "ot cause for

re


12/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 12 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

8.8.3 Meo!etrical N"sharp"ess

The source to ob3577 3.

%&

U; $? 3.%&

N"der 2 805 0.2000.8152 through 3 80.785 0.0300.75

Cver 3 through 4

78.1005

0.0401.025

Mreater tha" 4 1005 0.0701.7E5

ote: aterial thic="ess is the thic="ess o" &hich the '?' is

based.

NgO A % d5/D

6here AO ,ource ,iBe

dO Dista"ce fro! source side of &eld to +l!

Cr average &eld thic="ess i" i"ches5

DO dista"ce fro! source to &eld i" i"ches5

D a"d d shall be deter!i"ed at the appro%i!ate ce"ter

of the area of i"terest.

8.8.4 Diag"ostic Ail! e"gth DA5

'" order to !eet the de"sit$ reuire!e"ts a"d to allo&

for the fall oJ i" Ia& se"sitivit$ to&ards the e"ds of the

radiograph due to a" i"crease i" pe"etrated thic="ess a"d

to geo!etric eJects# the diag"ostic +l! le"gth DA5 shall

be li!ited to thic="ess "ot !ore tha" 110 of the

pe"etrated thic="ess at the ce"ter of the radiograph.


13/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 13 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

8.8.8 De"sit$

The de"sit$ !easured shall be @RD de"sit$. The

!i"i!u! a"d !a%i!u! tra"s!itted +l! de"sit$ at area

a"d i"terest for si"gle &all vie&i"g shall be bet&ee" 2.0 a"d

4.0 either si"gle or co!posite vie&i"g. Aor co!posite

vie&i"g of !ultiple +l! e%posures# each +l! of the

co!posite set shall have a !i"i!u! de"sit$ of 1.3. The

!a%i!u! de"sit$ shall be 4.0 for either si"gle or co!posite

vie&i"g. * tolera"ce of 0.08 i" de"sit$ is allo&ed for

variatio"s bet&ee" de"sito!eter readi"gs. The de"sit$ of

the radiograph$ a"$&here through the area of i"terest shall

"ot varies b$ !ore tha" 9 18 or Q 30 o"l$ applicable for

pipi"g a"d vessel.

De"sito!eters shall be calibrated at least ever$ )0 da$s

duri"g usi"g a "atio"al sta"dard step tablet or a step &edge

calibratio" +l!# traceable to a "atio"al or i"ter"atio"al

sta"dard step tablet a"d havi"g at least 8 steps &ith "atural

de"sities fro! at least 1.0 through 4.0# shall be used.


14/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 14 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

8.8. ocatio" ar=er

ocatio" ar=er shall be placed o" the part. Their

locatio" shall be per!a"e"tl$ !ar=ed o" the surface of the

part to be radio graphed. ach radiographic +l! shall sho&

refere"ce !ar=ers i"dicati"g the correct locatio" of the +l!

o" the &eld.

8.8.7 -o"trast

The co"trast of radiograph shall be acceptable level as

"ot to reduce the ualit$ a"d !ai"tai" the reuired

se"sitivit$ a"d de"sit$.

8.8.E Procedure -o!plia"ce

* Procedure ?uali+catio" shall be perfor!ed for each

radiograph$ tech"iue before co!!e"ce!e"t of RT &or=.

ach tech"iue shall be assessed b$ at least thi""est a"d

thic=est to be used i" productio".


15/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 18 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

".' F P6oc5773;

a"ual processi"g shall be used. Ail!s shall be processed to aualit$ &hereb$ the$ re!ai" to be i"terpretable for at least 8$ears u"der "or!al storage co"ditio". Processi"g che!icalsDeveloper# +%er a"d reple"ished5 shall be at a sta"dard t$pefro! recog"iBed !a"ufacturer such as ;oda=# *lfa Au


16/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 1 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

8.. Dr$i"g of +l!s

a5 -are shall be ta=e" to avoid causi"g a"$ !echa"ical da!ageto the e!ulsio" a"d to preve"t causi"g !ar=s fro! u"eve"dr$i"g.

b5 Dr$i"g shall be carried out i" a "or!al eve" dr$i"g.

c5 Cther !ethod of dr$i"g ca" also be achieved rapid dr$i"g b$placi"g the +l!. i" a special dr$i"g cabi"et# i" &hich aco"sta"t strea! of air is forced over both sides of the +l!.

d5 C"ce dr$i"g has co!!e"ced. The +l! shall "ot bere!oved fro! thecabi"et u"til it is co!pletel$ dr$.

e5 o +l!s shall be sub


17/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 17 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

".( R8o;6


18/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 1E of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

8.7.3 Double 6all ,i"gle '!age D6,'5

This !ethod is reco!!e"ded for pipe &elds greater tha"

2 1/2 i"ches "o!i"al dia!eter. '" this tech"iue# the

radiatio" passes through t&o &alls# but o"l$ the !aterial

or &eld "ear the +l! side is vie&ed. *" adeuate "u!ber

of e%posures shall be !ade to e"sure that the reuired

coverage has bee" obtai"ed. Aor co!plete coverage a

circu!fere"tial &eld o r !aterials# a !i"i!u! three

e%posures at 120 degrees to each other shall be !ade.

Radiographic e%posure tech"iue s=etch refer to *ppe"di%2.

".) I356


19/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 1) of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

'.0 SPECIAL REQUIRE$ENT

15 Ris= to a"$ radiograph$ &or=# a per!it shall be obtai"edfro! the -alidad ,afet$Depart!e"t.

25 The bli"=ers light shall be fu"ctio"i"g throughout theradiograph$ &or= to &or" people fro! e"teri"g the area.

35 -o"tractor to sub!it cop$ of the * ice"se to -'Tbefore co!!e"ce of &or=.

45 Re(e%a!i"atio" for repaired &elds shall be tested as perorigi"al test !ethod a"d the sa!e tech"iue a"d ualit$accepta"ce criteria shall be applied. Aor stages of repair orre(repair# the radiographic reports shall be !ar=ed &ith TRl T#TR2T etc. 6here Re(shoot is reuired# the +l!s5 shall be!ar=ed &ith the letter TR,T.

85 Progressive sa!pli"g:

a5 T&o additio"al &elds b$ the sa!e &elder or operator shallbe give" the sa!e t$pe of e%a!i"atio"H a"d

b5 'f the ite!s e%a!i"ed as per the reuire!e"ts of a5 above#are acceptable# the defective ite! shall be repaired orreplaced a"d re(e%a!i"ed a"d all ite!s represe"ted b$ theset&o additio"al sa!ples shall be acceptedH but

c5 'f a"$ of these ite!s e%a!i"ed as reuiredU b$ a5 abovereveal a defect# t&o further sa!ples of the sa!e =i"d shallbe re(e%a!i"e for each of thedefective ite!s fou"d b$ that

sa!pli"gH a"d

d5 'f all the ite!s e%a!i"ed as reuired b$ c5 above areacceptable# the defective ite!ss5 shall be repaired orreplaced a"d re(e%a!i"ed a"d all ite!s represe"ted b$ theset&o additio"al sa!ples shall be acceptedH but

e5 'f a"$ of the ite!s e%a!i"ed as reuired b$ c5 abovereveals a defect# all theite!s represe"ted b$ the progressivesa!pli"g shall be:


20/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 20 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

f5 Aull$ e%a!i"ed a"d repaired or replaced as "ecessar$ a"d re

e%a!i"ed


21/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 21 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

7.0 RECORDS

(.1 R5


22/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 22 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

*PP/D'-/,


23/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 23 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

APPENDI+-1

Aigure 1: Radiograph$ ide"ti+catio" G place!e"t of pe"ta!eters


24/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 24 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

APPENDI+-2

Aigure 1: Radiographic ide"ti+catio" a"d &ire pe"etra!eter locatio" o"

tra"sitio"


25/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 28 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

Figure 1: Double Wall Double Image (DWDI) Exposure Technique for pipes and tubes of ! mm

and less

Figure ": Double Wall #ingle Image (DW#I) Exposure Technique for pipes and tubes of a

diameter greater than !$ mm


26/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 2 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

Figure %: #ingle Wall #ingle Image (#W#I) Exposure Technique for plates&

Figure ': #ingle Wall #ingle Image (#W#I)& anoramic Exposure Techniques for pipes and tubes

of '$$mm (1 inches) diameter and greater&


27/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 27 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

APPENDI+-

*--PT*- I R//-T'C -R'TR'* ACR ,TRN-TNR* *, PR *6, Dl.l5

.12.1 *ccepta"ce -riteria for ,taticall$ oaded o"tubular

-o""ectio"s

7.12.1.1Disco"ti"uities. 6elds that are sub


28/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 2E of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

of the &eld bei"g e%a!i"ed is less tha" # the allo&able

su! of the greatest di!e"sio"s shall be proportio"all$ ess.


29/43


30/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 30 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

otes:1. To deter!i"e the !a%i!u! siBe of disco"ti"uit$ allo&ed i" a"$


31/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 31 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010


32/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 32 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010


33/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 33 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

otes:1. To deter!i"e the !a%i!u! siBe of disco"ti"uit$ allo&ed i" a"$


34/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 34 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

;X ACR A'MNR . -*,, '# ''# ''' *D '

6D * OCM'TND'* TNN*R -P MRCC 6D6D OTNN*R M'RT@ -P MRCC 6D

D',-CT'N'TX * O RCNDD CR CM*TD D',-CT'N'TXC-*TD ' 6D *

D',-CT'N'TX * O RCNDD CR CM*TD D',-CT'N'TXC-*TD ' 6D *

*D 6 O*RM,T *D ,*,T D','C,# R,P-T'X CAD',-CT'N'TX *

*D 6 O*RM,T *D ,*,T D','C,# R,P-T'X CAD',-CT'N'TX *

O 6D ,'Y-O,@CRT,T D',T*- P*R* TC T@ 6D * *Z',# T6 T@

*R,T D',-CT'N'TX DM,


35/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 38 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

[The elo"gated disco"ti"uit$ !a$ be located i" either the lo"gitudi"alor girth &eld. Aor the purpose of this illustratio"# disco"ti"uit$ &aslocated i" the girth &eld

-ase '( Disco"ti"uit$ at 6eld '"tersectio"

Aigure .-o"ti"ued5 ( 6eld ?ualit$ Reuire!e"t for lo"gatedDisco"ti"uities as Deter!i"ed b$ RT of Tubularoi"ts see.12.3.15


36/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 3 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

-ase ''( Disco"ti"uit$ at Aree dge of -P Mroove 6eld

Aigure . -o"ti"ued5\6eld ?ualit$ Reuire!e"t for lo"gatedDisco"ti"uities as Deter!i"ed b$ RT of Tubularoi"ts see .12.3.15


37/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 37 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

-ase '''( Disco"ti"uit$ at 6eld '"tersectio"



38/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 3E of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

-ase '( Disco"ti"uit$ at Aree dge of -P Mroove 6eld



39/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 3) of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

*--PT*- / R-T'C -R'TR'* ACR P'P'M *, PR *, 31.35


40/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 40 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010


41/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 41 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

Table 341.3.2 *ccepta"ce for 6elds a"d %a!i"atio" ethods for

valuati"g 6eld '!perfectio"s -o"t>d5

CT,:

15-riteria give" are for reuired e%a!i"atio" !ore stri"ge"t criteria !a$

be speci+ed i" the e"gi"eeri"g desig". ,ee also paras.341.8 a"d

341.83

25ra"ch co""ectio" &eld i"cludes pressure co"tai"i"g &elds i" bra"ches

a"d fabricated laps

35o"gitudi"al groove &eld i"cludes straight a"d spiral sea! .-riteria are

"ot i"te"ded to appl$ to &elds !ade i" accorda"ce &ith a sta"dard

listed i" Table *:1 or Table 32.1. *lter"ative ea= Test reuires

e%a!i"atio" of these &elds see para 348.)

45Aillet i"cludes soc=et a"d seal &elds# a"d attach!e"t &elds for slip(o"

Ia"ges # bra"ch rei"force!e"t# a"d supports

85These i!perfectio"s are evaluated o"l$ for &elds ] 8!! 3/1 i"5 i"

"o!i"al thic="ess

56here t&o li!iti"g values are separated b$ Ka"dL the lesser of thevalues deter!i"es accepta"ce. 6here t&o sets of values are separated

b$ KorL the larger value is acceptable T is the "o!i"al &all thic="ess of

the thi""er of t&o co!po"e"ts


42/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 42 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010


43/43

WORKING PROCEDURE


Page 43 of43

Rev. 0


Date: 27/02/2010

APPENDI+-!

Documents

Nde Procedure Radiographic_testing)