.. lIEADQUARTEPS

BERLIN Ccv.MJ\ND Office of the APO 742

1 . (S) SOVIET FOICES ,

AC of S, G2 US FOICES

a . (NOFORN) Sightings of equipment in vicinity of Berlin indicate presence of an estimated two battal i ons of 122mm Howitzers . Whether these elements came from within GSFG or are reinforcements from elsewhere 1s unknown .

b. Observations of Soviet armor stationed 1n courtyard west of August Bebel Platz on 301600 Oct showed no apparent change 1n r.uobcr personnel or vehicles. Several one-story prefabricated barracks being constructed in area .

Cct-1MENT: Construction of semi- pennanent buildings indicates Soviet intention to remain 1n this installation at least until solution of sector border control dispute .

c . (NOr~RN) Alli~d agency reports movement of Soviet dependents back to USSR cannot be confinned . On the contrary, new arrivals of dependents have been reported.

d. (NOFORN) There were indications the past week that GSFG training has possibly ·)rogres5ed to division- level. However, training at this time of year would normally be well advanced into Division and Army maneuvers.

2 . (C) EAST GEIW\N ARMY FORCES ,

a . Major elements of the East German Army remained at home stations conducting low- level training .

b. (NOFORN) Elements 1st Mtz Rifle Regt , Oran1enburg (UU 8147) and 28th Mtz Rifle Regt, Rostock (UV 1297) moved from home stations to \L~known field location on 25 Oct. Unknown if units engaged 1n regimental­level exercises or division or higher level maneuvers.

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SPEX:IAL HANDLING REQUIRED. NOT RELEASABLE ~ TO FOREIGN NATIONALS, EXCEPT NONE . AG BCA 681- 61 M - 3.<, 3/1 BY AIJ;lRORITY 01" / • ~;.,.". 4-<- f ?! I {/J;---k<---' *NOTE, is ISUJ4 does no1rl'ollow ~IS A. WAPLE, Lt Col, stnncbrd nwnhoring sequence due to

02, Berlin Command the fact that NOFORN info contclned herein .

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· , SECRET G2 DIVISION. BERLIN COMMAND. INTEL SUM. 312400 Oct 61 - 0')2400 Nov 61

3 . (c) GARRISON SECURITY FOICES ,

a. Subordination of 2d Border Bde (formerly 5th Border Security Police Brigade) Gross-Gllenlcke (UU 7215) to Security Alert Pelice (SAP) confirmed. Sale of "GRENZOLDATlI (weekly newspaper of Border Command) discontinued in the 2d Border Bde; only "KAMPlo'RUF " (weekly newspo.pcr of SAP) now available. 19 Oct issue of • KAMPFRUF h

referred to f~_mer 13th ESP Regt, Blankenfelde (uu 9131) as BEREITSCIIAFTl.rJSCHEK". Lieutenant Colonel DUSCHEK 1s COllUTlandlng

Officer of regiment, and "BEREITSCHAFTu 1s name u5ed 1n SAP paper to refer to SAP Regiment . F~tlmated strength 1st Border Bde , SAP , 5.000; and 2d Border Bde, SAP. 4, 000.

b . SAP defector reports that border guards are instructed not to fire at Western Allies under any Ci rcumstances, even if L:red upon . Same source reported statement of unit political officer t:1at USAP's will have to take West Berlin and clear it out" if provocations and propaganda in West B€rlin does not cease . Defector furthe r reported that air corridors would be closed if the West continues to use the corridors for carrying Western Allied troops and members of Wcot Gennan Government.

CCM>1El'lT: Possible SAP's instructed not to engage in fire fight with Western Allies . VOPO behavior at Friedrichstrasse lends credence to report. Statements of Political Officer, however, must be dismissed as pure propaganda without hnsis .

4. (C) ACCESS SITUATION ,

• . (C) Railways ,

(1) Construction was started 1n late September on new S ~Bahn and road links between East Berl in and Schoenfeld (UU 9805) Airport . In East Berlin, 4.8 kilometer double-tracks S-Bahn will brcneh off existing Adlershof-Gruenau line in vicinity of Adler G0~tell, pass Alt Glienicke and Gruenberg Allee nnd terminate immed~ iately west of airport. This portion at' new Une planned to open M.;,!'"~h 1962 . Connecting curve to East Berlin - "ruhlheide will be b1."llt in 1962 . Four kilometer road with two lanes of 7 . 5 meters cZkh is being built parallel to this S-Bahn line and is scheduled for completion late 1961 . Express train service between Berlin and Goerlitz (VS 99(7), interrupted as result of this construction , will resume 15 Nov. Six combined S-Bahn and road bridges are required

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for project. One will be located on Falkenberger $trasse In Bo~~sdorf (vu 8206) and one at Adler Oestel!. Planned location of others not reported. (Press-2)

CC*~T : Construction, approximate route . bridge requirements, and scheduled completion date of S-Bahn line reported 1n earlier East Berlin Press item. First information on road construction a:ld rerouting of Berlin-Goerlitz trains. Such expansi on of service not. justified by current light air traffic volume at Schoenfeld Airport . Hm<{evcr. this air field recently expanded to accommodate jet traffic and East Germans may want to be in position to offer adequate facilities as par t of campaign to force ni l' traffic now terminating 1n West Berlin to use Schoenfeld .

(2) On 28 Oct , at approximately 0715 hours . as the I~o.nkrurt~Berlin Duty Trai n was slowing down dur ing the approach to the Potsdam railyard. 4 refugees entered the train by smashing door windows and climbing on the coach. The train commander placed the refugtles under guard out of sight. Al though the .F.:lst Q(!rman conductor \,.o.s :l.ware of the inCident. on hi s departure from duty at Potsdam he w~lked away without talking to anyone . The train stayed in the area until 0814 hours wi~~out incident .

b . (U ) Autobahn,

(1) The Sovi et checkpo1nt at Bab~lsburg was reinforced on 29 Oct by a complement of approximately five (5) Fiel d Grade Officers. onQ of whom speaks English . The Soviets oontinue to deny entry through Babelsburg Checkpoint for US Military Assistance Teams .

(2) On 5 Nov , a US Army M/Sgt enroute to Helmstedt arrived at the Soviet Checkpoint at Babclsburg and found the, ar ossing gate opened and no VOP0 1 s or Soviets in sight . He proceeded through without stopping . \oJhen he arrived at the Soviet Checkpoint at r1arienborn , a Soviet Officer rJut two stamps on his flag order . The Soviet Officer wrote Babelsburg on one and let the Sgt proceed without 1·'H. !"rJent .

(3) On 5 Nov, a West Berliner raced through tile East ~rmnn Checkpoint at Drewitz . (Babelsburg) , after he had p1cked up hi3 girl friend in East Germany . ~~ VOPO's fired at the vehicle~ and upon inspection at the US Checkpoint, six bullet holes were found in the vehicle . The occ~pants escaped unharmed and were taken to West Berlin by We5t Berlin Police without incident .

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(4) On 7 Nov, a US Army Specialist was stopped by a VOPO at t he first East German barrier at Blbelsburg while enroutc t o Berlin. H~ wns dres~ed in civilian attire and dr iving his American manufactured PQV. He was directed to J.lUll over to the s ide of t he road. Upon doing so , t he East Germa.n offic ial approached the vehicle ~nd asked the US Army Specialist if he wanted to show his identification. to which he replied he did not. The of fici a l s who had (';llthcrcd around the car then proceeded to ask him questions. such as, '~hat did he think about the tanks on the border? " and uWhat he thought of the situation as 0. whole?!' To these questions the specialist replied he thought it ttas a shame , and wanted to be processed . At this time he was released after being detained approximately 5 minutes . This is the 12th incident of VOPO's or East Germans asking for identification of US travel er s in POV' s this year.

c . (U) Air Corridors:

During this reporting geriod, the r e we re no attempts made by Soviet or East German Forces to interfere with Allied military or commercial air traffic in t he 3ir corridors or the 20- mile ring of Berlin except t o protest -e nd . ttcmpt to ·,void responsibility for flights ovc. r E.'. st Berlin .

d, (U) East Berlin ,

(1) Since 1 Nov. \vcst Berlin Police were authorized by Allies to increase control over vehicular traffic f rom East to Nest Berlin. Military per30nnel in uniform and civilians traveling in military type vehicles or accompani ed by milit~ry per sonnel are not affected , Significant that Soviet personnel have willingly shown identification to West Berlin Police . Communists probabl y interpret new measure as Western admission that four-power status of Berlin i s no l onger valid and that their willingne~s to identify themselves should result in s imilar Allied action .

(2) On 1 Nov . there were 2 incidents involving detentions of US Forces vehicles in East ~r11n. One was held approximately 25 mi-,. ... tes and re l ea.sed without further i r.c1dent. The second wac held t. _.)r'ox1mately one and onc-half hours , and prior to their release. th, words "Ami go home" were written in chalk on the vehicle by an East B~rlin c ivilian .

COMMENT : Since 2 Nov. it appears harassment of US patrol:; has sharpl y decreased indicating a possible relaxation of fonner policies . Part of the relaxation could stem f r om fact that Communists were cel ebrating the 7 November Anniversary of the Russian Revolution .

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G2 DIVISION. BERLIN CCMI'lAND. INTEL SUM, 312400 Oct 61 - 092400 Nov 61

c . (u) Crossing Sites:

For status of crossing sites into West Berlin from Soviet Zone of East Germany, see I nclosure 1 .

5. (c) HOSTILE RECONNAISSANCE :

Host11e reconnaissance patrols continue to maint3in surve ill­ance of insta~lat1ons 1n \'if::st Berlin . The approximate ave rage 1s 4 vehicles per day . A number of these patrols e~cape detection by entering West Berlin via Gllenecke Bruccke from Potsdam .

6 . (c) REFUGEES:

Il . During this period , an approx1mo.te average of 30 refugees per day were processed at the Merienfelde Refugee Center.

h . On 5 NOv, 9 refugees came into West Berlin across the S-Bahn tracks at Schoenholz . They were part of a group of 30 . The other 21 did not succeed in their attempt to cross the border due to CiL;tccti on by East Ck.nna..'1 border guards .

7 . (C) POPUlATION ATTITIJDES :

East Berlin party functionaries now regard last week 's Friedrichstrasse urisis as Eastern victory cnd ex)reGS jubilation over US recomm~ndation tfu~t US civilians refrain from visiting East Berlin.

8 . (C) (NOFOllN) PROPAGANDA :

East German , ropaganda book on Berlin situation will be publ ished in Germ.m. English. I.'renoh. Spani sh and Swedish editions in late Nov . Book to i nclude material on ':Western espionage cent ers!! in Nest Berlin . with addr esses and main nctivit1es .

COMMENT: Possible thi s publication contains details ~~Jnised in press conference of fo~er Gehlen employee . More likely, . )"c,ver, material will be re-hash of old information since necw revelation::.

H,"I1.,ld probably he used in a more spectacular mann€r , such o.G "shOW" tr~als. For clarification . IIGehlenll is We!:t German equivalent of FBI, .mown as BFV a t national level and LFV at state l evel.

9 . (C) OBSTACLES AND BARRIERS :

n. On 1 Nov. approximately 250 concr ete slabs were unloaded at Krausen Str and Zimmer Str; however, no construction has started in the vicinity.

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· . SECRET G2 DIVISION, BERLIN eCX>lMANJ), INTEL SUI>l, 312400 Oct 61 - 092400 Nov 61

Para 9 . (e) (cont)

C~~: This may tie 1n with the rumors that the Fried­richstrasse crossing point may be closed . Concrete evidence ot Communist intentions 1s missing at this time .

b . West Berlin Police reported on 4 Nov that the sewers of Enst Berlin were being barrica1ed to prevent refugees escaping . Police cnid they had observed ~Iorkers on the East side of the bordur climbing into manholes to fit steel bars 1n the tunnel- like drainage pipes .

10. (e) NEW MATERIAL IDENTIFIeA'rLONS :

a . See paragraph la reference 122mm Howitzers.

b. Although fc\'l technical details are available, there 1s conclusive evidence that East Oerman paramilitary forces arc being \,'quip!X:d with the Ka l o.shnikov Assault Rifle .

11. (C) NEW UNIT IDENTIFICATIONS :

No new uni ts }~ve been identified with the exception of the identification cont:lined in paragraph #3 above .

12 . (C) STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS:

Dur i ng this reporting period, there were 25 gromd reconnaissance ~atrols dispatched to East Berlin: 58 Staff Tours we r e made in East Bcrlin~ 8 hel icopter flights were made over the sector/sector nnd sector/zonal borders; 18 ground reconnaissance patrols were made of the sector/sector border from the American s ide; and 18 ground r econnaissance patrols were made Ellong the sector/zonal border.

13 . (e) COUNTERINTELLIGENCE :

No new significant developments occurr ed in the f ield of "'~l.mtcrintelligence .

14. (C) MISCELLANEOUS :

a. Steinstuecken Exclave:

(1) Patrol reliefs of the US Army 3- man patrols were conducted on the 1st and 6th of Nov without incident .

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Para 14 . (C) (cont)

(2) One refugee was air lifted out of the aren on the 6th of November.

(3) Approximately 11 ESP's (Border Security Police) continue to maintain surveillance of the area,

b . Eost Berlin:

(1) A thriving black market appears to have developed 1n such Western produced items as : cigarettes , tobacco, women's seamless stockings, elastic ribbon, soap powder nnd d€tergents. Current DME sales prices for such items on the ~st Berlin ~lack market are about tC:1 ti711cS their original Il'-1W purchase price, 1.e .• one package of \Jeste rn manufactured cigarettes c.osting 2 I'.MW would cost 20 Ilo1E in J::ast Berlin .

(2) Although no overt action had been instituted 1n East Berlin as of early october to prevent TV set owners from receiving Host-ern programs (through altcrCltions of 'IV antennas) TV repair shops have boen ordered to make changes in those sets turned into them for repair which w111 make it imr..ossible for t.hem to receive Hl;!stcrn programs. It is believed that this measure will be very effective since EG produced TV sets are poor in quality and require continued repair. East Berlin 'IV set owners. 1n order to prevent such tar:lpering with the ir sets. arc beginning to employ retired electrical repairmen at black market rates to repair their sets .

15 . (C) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT DEVELOFMEN'IS ,

The question of whether the Soviets are relinquishing some of their authority to the E~st Germ~ns 1s a subject of con~lderable discussion and a question needing clarification .

0-2 COMMENT: It is the opinion of 0-2 1 Berlin Command, 'th ... t the Soviets are not relinquishing any author i ty to the East ~.~ans . Rether, they arc u~il1zing the East Oenmans to the maximum d""gree possible , thus frc\.Oing maximtun numbers of Soviet troops to conduct training and perform the necessary administrative details in their own units . Policies nnd procedures followed by the East Germans are dictated by the Soviets . TI1is fixes the Soviets ns being the sale controlling force. So long as the Soviets occupy East Germany and East Berlin, it is inconceivable that the East Germans could ever really be in control . At the present time, it is very

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Pora 15. (C) (cont)

doubtful that the Ulbri cht regime would be able to control its own 0eoplc should the Soviets depart .

Many opinions have been expressed that the closing of the sector/sector and sector/zonal borders by the East Germans represented proof that c::::.trol was being passed to Pankow . Actually, it was the only reasonnb:e course of action available to the Soviets . Having the East Gennnns do it solved a political conSideration and a manoower ~roblcm . I t would have required the utilization of ~ or 5 Soviet divisions as labor forces to do the same job in a similar period of time. ~hc factor of control was not a consideration .

The question of control appears then not to be the point -~ argument . Rather, it is Soviet utilization of East Germans, whom the US does not recogni ze, that represents the point of objection .

1 Incl Status of W~st Sector/Soviet Crossing Sit~s into West Berlin (U)

DISTRIBUTION:

1 - CG. EC 1 - IO/USCOB 1 - USr1l1>l

1 2d BO. 6th Inf 1 - 3d BO. 6th Inf 1 Sp Tps. USAGAR 1 - 1st BG , 18th Inf 1 - Co F. 40th Armor

- 10 , a: - G-l, OC

1 G-3. EC 1 0-4. EC 4 - 0- 2. EC

. /-=.{.;,~~ ~ I1ttl.e h £L/ ,~r; A, WAPLE ~ --- -- -

Zone Lt Colonel , OS G2, Berlin Command

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~:rJ).}US i.,i' i"iJ£Sl' SEl:TOR / SOVIET ZO}lE CROSSING SITES INTO l'o'EST BERLIN IU )

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STATUS BEFORE L3 AUGUST 1961

LOCATION TRAFFI C

Berl iner Str/ Ped Schwcl merstr Llchtcr felde Sued (US Sec )

Bensch All(;c Plod (DuOPCl S- Bahn Sta) Zehl endorf (US Secter) Drclllndcn Vehs all types Cheo:;: Point and nationcli-Wannscc ties ( US Sooter ) Gl1enickc Br . Ped &: Vchs Koenig Str 'In InS0L (US $(;,;:)

Steirlstuccken Ped & Vehs access road Machowcr Str .. \ Wnnnsce (US Sec Ornnicnburgcrstr Pod FrahMu (Pr Sec)

Weg an dcr H~vel Ped etc. S)llJldau (British Sc~ Stanken S - Bahn Ped Sta. Spandau (Sr i tish Sec ) Heerstrasse Ped & Vchs Staa cn (Sri tish Soc 1

CURRENT STATUS (AS OF 2 NOVE·lEER 1961)

CLOSED DESCRIPrION I OPEN

X Iron rail/cement post f ence backed up by doub l e deptil barbed wire fence

X Single dl.:r>th barb..:d wire fenc e

X

X

X

I ron rall/c~~cnt post X tenoe back~d up by sin

gl e depth barbed \'1irt:: fence .

X

Triple depth barbed X ~:ire fence & pl owed

"death strip'

X

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TRAFFI C

A.llied &: i nter-no.tional vah trnfflc only

Diplomatic & Mil Ln Miss Vehs only to lncl Sovi et US Mil vehs & West BIn scr'lice:/utility trucks only

Onl y British mil foot pat/escorts & resid£nts of exclave

Truck & sctinn traff-Ie to Hamburg H. GLl' J: lI_, '2,1n anI:,'

ONl'ROIS

SO~ gds for Allied & military cffi cial & B- pl ate vehs . ESP or SAP w/AZ!GoI. PP & spot cus-tOj~S check for all but a llies. SOy gds check Soy- issued passes (occasionzlly ) . SAP at cantr pt but scldoo Rots into act . Wc~t Berlin servlcd~utll1ty tr ..lc}.s arc sto:lpt::d & checked by SAP and/or AZKW.

B5)'s or SAP's .jJrcsent . No controls .

SSP or SAP W'/AZlGl . PP checked & S)ct customs check. Trucks show bill of lading or l~v~nto~1 - ---

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