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www.fpinnovations.ca
NCC: The Revolution
Jim DangerfieldExecutive Vice President
2009 International Conference on Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry
June 24, 2009Edmonton, Alberta
FPInnovations
• Targeted at Forest Sector Competitiveness and Transforming the Industry
• Built on Renewable Sustainably Managed Forests
• Produce Environmentally Friendly Products
• Priorities Driven from the Market Place and focus on the Bio-economy
Globalization
Lars Sandberg, Timwood
How do we reduce our carbon footprint and meet growing demand for non-renewable resources?
Demand for Materials
Today – 750 Million Cars
Tomorrow (2050) – 2.5 Billion Cars
World Economic Drivers
Long-term sustainable growth of the economyis dependent on:
• growing global trade,
• energy conservation and
• efficient and environmentally responsible use of resources.
A Foundation for the Future
Courtesy of Les Jozsa
Cellulose
Over 1.5 Trillion Tonnes/Year
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
amorphous region
acid hydrolysisH2SO4
TEM image of cotton nanocrystals
crystalline region
microfibril :
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Native Cellulose NanoCrystalsSpecies Diameter Length
SW1 3-5 180 +/- 75
HW2 5 150 +/- 65
Tunicate2 10-20 100 - 2000
Valonia2 10 - 20 > 1000
Cotton1 7 100 - 300
Bacteria2 5-10 X 30-50 100 - 2000
Algae > 20 2000
1. Gray, Chem Eur, 2001. 2. Gray, Biomac, 2005.
Nano-Crystalline Cellulose (NCC)OpacityColour
Porosity Stronger than Steel
Challenges
• Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) produced in gram quantities.
• Commercial application evaluations need larger quantities.
• Road map was needed for possible opportunities and challenges for forest sector related nanotechnology applications.
Roadmap Themes
• The conversion of cellulosic material into nanocrystalline cellulose
• New product and process improvement opportunities for nanocrystalline cellulose
• The application of nano-materials other than nanocrystalline cellulose in new forest sector products and for process improvement
• Environmental, health, safety and economic issues
Theme 1 CelluloseSource
ImprovedExtraction
GreenExtraction
Grades ofNCC
QualityControl
The conversion of cellulosic material into nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)
Achieved: 1kg / day pilot plant
Milling Hydrolysis Clarification
Acid removal Concentration Drying
Objective: 1 tonne per day NCC plant
Request: 11 tonnes per day NCC plant
Summary of Major Improvements
• ~15% reduction in capital costs (1 TPD)`
• >50% reduction in acid & lime usage
• >50% reduction in NCC operating costs ($/T)
• >60% reduction in drying costs
• >70% reduction in fresh water usage
• Further major reductions in capital and operating costs in the last month.
Theme 2
StrengthChirality
High SurfaceAreaSelf Assembly
OpticalPropertiesMagnetism
New products and process improvement with nanocrystalline cellulose
Application Portfolio Categories
• NCC Process• NCC Product• Surfaces
• Paper• Fibres• Films• Coatings• Paints/varnishes• Composites• Gels• Powders
Achieved: Strong flexible films with tunable colour
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Achieved: NCC Coated Plastics
NCC(97%) / PVOH (3%) NCC(97%) / PVOH (3%)
1mm 1mm
0.8g/m2
Theme 3
RetentionCoating
Active PapersEffluentTreatment
EquipmentModification
RFIDs & Sensors
Other nano-materials in new products and for process improvement
A surface hardening process
• Surface hardness improved up to 40%
• Will maintain the current product price level for the next 5 years
Enhancing wood properties using nanotechnology
Plasma technologies for Wood Products present potential for new properties
• Outdoor uses
• Non-Residential applications
• Cutting toolsHydrophobic wood surface
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
glossy and iridescent
glossy, white
NCC
Nanoclay Nanoclay layerdensity: 2.6 g/cm3
NCC layerdensity: 1.6 g/cm3
RMS roughness=2.1nm RMS roughness=24.7nm
50% NCC+50% nanoclay, NCC sideGloss: 75.2%
50% NCC+50% nanoclay, Nanoclay sideGloss: 42.5%
With Nanocrystalline cellulose : A new highly filled “paper” sheet
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Carbon Nanotubes in Paper• High electrical conductivity • High thermal conductivity• Acoustic dampening
Single-walled Multi-walled
• High strength • Flame retardancy• Hydrophobicity
Achieved: Key Improved Properties
• Increased conductivity
• Improved flame retardancy
• Maintained paper strength
Theme 4
Environment
Health &Safety
Economics
Environmental, health, safety and economic issues
Achieved: Toxicity Measurement
• Acute lethal toxicity (mg/L)– Very toxic <0.1– Toxic 0.1-1.0– Moderately toxic 1-10– Slightly toxic 10 -100– Practically nontoxic >100
Species used for NCC testing
Daphnia magna Ceriodaphnia dubia
• Commonly used for toxicity testing• Endpoints: mortality (48 h), reproduction (7 to 21 d)
• Used for regulatory tests worldwide• Wide use allows for comparisons
• Small size allows tests with small amounts of material
Comparative Toxicity
MaterialToxicity, 48 h LC50, mg/L
Daphnia Ceriodaphnia
NCC (batches 7-10, 60 -100 nm) >1,000 (3,200) 316 - >1,000 (3,200)
CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) >10,000 >1,000 (3,200)
MCC (microcrystalline cellulose) >1,000 >1,000
TiO2 (filtered, 30nm) 5.5 -
TiO2 (sonicated, 100 -500 nm) >500 -
Fullerene (filtered, 10 -20 nm) 0.5 -
Fullerene (sonicated, 20 -100 nm) 7.9 -
NaCl ~5,500 ~1,200
Summary• Tests done with 9 species in different developmental
stages looking at numerous endpoints– Represents very thorough toxicological assessment
• Whole organism tests to date indicate NCC is “virtually non toxic”– Less toxic than other nanomaterials– Similar potency to NaCl and CMC
Based on studies to date: no basis for major environmental concerns, risk appears to be low.
Occupational Exposure: Spraying
Aerosol Exposure Chamber
• Environment (toxicity)– NCC virtually non toxic– NCC uptake restricted to the
digestive tract– Overall toxicity risk and
influence on effluent toxicity regulation: low
• Human health (exposure)– Spray: NCC aerial dispersion < 24 h– Spill and NCC fate: aggregation
(“non-nano”)– Overall exposure risk in studies to
date: low
Summary
Future Plans
• Environment– Continue bioaccumulation
study– Verify in vitro test results– Initiate fate and exposure
studies• Effluent, sediment
interactions
• Human health– Continue occupational exposure
assessment– Initiate mammalian toxicity
assessment, including in vitro and in vivo tests
Initiate registration of NCC as required under the “New Substances Notification Regulations”
• Canadian Forest NanoProducts Network
• Business-Led Network Centre of Excellence (BL-NCE)
• One of four new networks announced in 2009
• BL-NCE: new four-year program overseen by NCE
Deliver benefits to Canadians
Promote an entrepreneurial advantage
ArboraNano
Need for a Network Approach
FPInnovations is stronglylinked to forest sector
but has few connections to other industries
ArboraNano vision requirescross-discipline and
cross-sectoral expertise
Combined efforts of many university, industrial andgovernment researchers
required
ArboraNanoVision - Forest NanoProducts
Forest
NCC and silvichemicals
Aerospace
Medical (With
R&
D g
ener
ated
by
Arb
oraN
ano
Net
wor
k)
Composites
Automotive
PharmaceuticalCoatings
• Develop a market for wood-derived nanomaterials
• Develop novel products or materials using NCC
• Focus Areas:• NCC in aerospace and automotive composites
and coatings• Develop forest products enhanced by
nanotechnology • NCC in drug delivery, in-vivo imaging, soft and
hard tissue repair
39
ArboraNano Objectives
40
Industry and Public Sector Partners
• Nanotech-improved wood adhesives and finishes
• Food products containing NCC
• Nanotech-improved wood composites and lumber
• Nanotech-improved paper products
• Foams, composites and bio-composites containing NCC
• Paints, lacquers and coatings formulated with NCC
… Scientific Committee decides what to work on
Product Examples
Potential Research Partners• Research may be carried out in the facilities of industry members
• Universities have expressed a strong interest ArboraNano by submitting unsolicited proposals:
– McGill University– University of Toronto – University of British Columbia– University of Alberta– Université Laval– University of Guelph– Université du Québec á Trois-Rivières – CIPP– University of New Brunswick– Ecole Polytechnique– University of Waterloo– Others
• National and Provincial Research Institutes will participate– Alberta Research Council– National Institute for Nanotechnology– MaRS
ArboraNano Summary
Take advantage of breakthrough technology for commercial manufacture of NCC
Develop and commercialize innovative highly-engineered NANOPRODUCTS FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Forge alliances with major manufacturing sectors
Generate fundamental and applied knowledge to attain the vision
Combining Carbon Nanotubes with Nanocrystalline Cellulose? Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
are used in baseball bats, tennis racquets, and some car parts because of their greater mechanical strength at less weight per unit volume than that of conventional materials. Electronic properties of CNTs have made them a candidate for flat panel displays in TVs, batteries, and other electronics. Nanotubes for various uses can be made of materials other than carbon.
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Combining Carbon Nanotubes with Nanocrystalline Cellulose?
Opportunity
Nanocrystalline cellulose is a sustainable, high volume, inexpensive, practically nontoxic nanomaterial with remarkable properties.
Save the Planet – Grow More Trees – Use More Wood
Thank You
www.fpinnovations.ca