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© OECD/IEA 2010
Natural gas statistics
Mieke Reece Oil and Gas Statistics
IEA Energy Data Centre
Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on
Energy Statistics
Moscow, Russia, 14-17 February 2012
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
The importance of gas in the world
The Natural Gas Chain
Basic Concepts Natural Gas Production Supply and Consumption
Structure of the Questionnaire
Table description and definitions Relations within the questionnaire Specific problems
Overview
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Coal/peat 24.6%
Oil 46.0%
Natural Gas
16.0%
Nuclear 0.9%
Hydro 1.8%
Biofuels & waste 10.6%
Other* 0.1%
1973
Coal/peat 27.2%
Oil 32.8%
Natural Gas 20.9%
Nuclear 5.8%
Hydro 2.3%
Biofuels & waste 10.2%
Other* 0.8%
2009
World - Share of natural gas in the energy mix
Increase in the share of natural gas in the world
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
World – Use of natural gas
Natural gas use mainly for power generation
(transformation)
35%
8%22%
27%
1990
Transformation Energy Industry
Transport Non-Energy Other
40%
9%17%
26%
2009
Transformation Energy Industry
Transport Non-Energy Other
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Russia – Use of natural gas
Around 60% of Natural gas used for power generation
62%
2%
8%
9%
6%
13%
1990
Transformation Energy Industry
Transport Non-Energy Other
58%
3%8%
8%
8%
15%
2009
Transformation Energy Industry
Transport Non-Energy Other
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
World Regional Growth
Natural Gas Consumption
2009
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
AME EUR ASO LAM EUS AFR MEA ASI
Bill
ion
Cub
ic M
etre
s
1973 2010
AME = OECD AmericasEUR = OECD Europe
ASO = OECD Asia Oceania
LAM = Latin AmericaEUS= Europe/Eurasia
AFR = Africa
MEA = Middle EastASI = Asia including China
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
The importance of gas in the world
The Natural Gas Chain
Basic Concepts Natural Gas Production Supply and Consumption
Structure of the Questionnaire
Table description and definitions Relations within the questionnaire Specific problems
Overview
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Natural gas comprises several gases, but consists mainly of methane
As a gas expands or compresses according to temperature and pressure, it is important that when measuring natural gas the temperature and pressure are taken into account
Gas is usually measured in :
energy unit : TJ - Gross Calorific Value
Volume : million m3
Eurostat/IEA use Standard Conditions:
Standard Conditions = 15 degrees C and 760 mm Hg
Basic concepts
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
For conversion we need to know how many kJ there are per m3
When reporting data in a balance, specific kJ/m3 conversion factors need to be known for the various flows:
• Indigenous Production
• Imports
• Exports
• Stock changes
• Inland Consumption (obs)
Basic concepts (2)
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
What is the difference between Gross and Net Calorific Value?
Net Calorific value =
Gross Calorific Value – latent heat of vaporisation of the water vapour produced during combustion of the gas.
For gas the difference between Net and Gross is about 10%
Basic concepts (3)
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Natural gas production
Marketable
Production
Vented
Gas Flared or reinjected
Removal of Liquids in
Natural Gas Processing
Plants
Removal of Sulphur
and Impurities
Extraction of Crude Oil
and Associated Gas
Extraction of
Non-Associated Gas
Other Separation
(offshore wells)
Wellhead Separation
(onshore wells)
NGL
Crude Oil
Annual Oil
Questionnaire
Associated Gas
Non-Associated
Gas
Colliery Gas Coal Mines
Annual Gas
Questionnaire
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Natural gas - supply and consumption
Marketable
Production
Imports
Exports Stock Build
Inland
Consumption
Transport
Transformation
Industry Residential
Commercial
Agriculture
Stock Draw
Distribution
Losses
Energy
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
The importance of gas in the world
The Natural Gas Chain
Basic Concepts Natural Gas Production Supply and Consumption
Structure of the Questionnaire
Table description and definitions Relations within the questionnaire Specific problems
Overview
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
2 units (million m3, TJ)
5 tables
Supply of Natural Gas
Consumption of Natural Gas
Net Inland Consumption by Sector
Total Final Consumption by Sector
Imports by Origin
Exports by Destination
Gas Storage Capacity
The natural gas questionnaire
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Supply of natural gas
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Supply – Table 1
Indigenous Production
• dry marketable production (after purification and extraction of NGL and sulphur)
Imports and Exports
• are considered imported or exported when having crossed the physical boundary of a country
Stock changes and levels
• stock levels of recoverable gas
• change of stock is opening - closing stock level of recoverable gas
The natural gas questionnaire
Definitions
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
2010
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Inland Consumption - Table 2a
Transformation Sector
• Natural Gas used for producing another type of energy (electricity, heat) which is after used for final consumption
Example: Gas-to-Liquids
Energy Sector
• Natural Gas consumed by Energy Industry Example: Liquefaction plants
Distribution Losses
The natural gas questionnaire
Definitions
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
2010
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Final Consumption - Table 2b
(= derived from final consumers)
Different Use
• Non-Energy Use Report Natural Gas used as a raw material for producing other products
(Chemical and Petrochemical Industry)
• Energy Use Report Natural Gas used as fuel
3 Sectors
• Industry Sector
• Transport Sector
• Other Sectors
Definitions
The natural gas questionnaire
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Imports / Exports - Tables 3,4
Requested Data
• 2 Units: Million m3 et TJ
• Natural Gas by pipeline and LNG
Geographical Breakdown
• 62 import origin
• 48 export destination
Trade
• Importance of the ultimate origin or destination
• Transit trade and re-exports are not to be included
The natural gas questionnaire
Definitions
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Gas Storage Capacity – Table 5
Location of the storage
Type of storage
• Depleted oil and gas fields
• Aquifers
• Salt Cavities
Technical Characteristics
• Working Capacity = total gas storage capacity minus cushion gas
• Peak Output = maximum rate at which gas can be withdrawn from storage
The natural gas questionnaire
Definitions
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Table 3
Imports by Origin
Table 3
Imports by Origin
Table 4
Exports by Destination
Table 4
Exports by Destination
Table 2
Inland Consumption
= Transformation + Energy + Distribution
Losses + Total Final Consumption
Table 2
Inland Consumption
= Transformation + Energy + Distribution
Losses + Total Final Consumption
Table 1
Supply
Table 1
Supply
Imports = Total Imports
Exports = Total Exports
Inland Consumption
(observed)
= Inland Consumption
Table 5 Inputs to Autoproducer
Electricity and Heat
Generation
per plant type
Table 5 Inputs to Autoproducer
Electricity and Heat
Generation
per plant type
Table 2a
Net Inland
Consumption by Sector
Table 2a
Net Inland
Consumption by Sector
Table 2b
Total Final Consumption by sector
Energy - use Non - energy
use
Table 2b
Total Final Consumption by sector
Energy - use Non - energy
use
Electricity and
Heat
questionnaire
Table 9g
Electricity and
Heat
questionnaire
Table 9g
Electricity and
Heat
questionnaire
Table 6a - 6c
Electricity and
Heat
questionnaire
Table 6a - 6c
Inputs to Gross Electricity
and Heat Production
Inputs to Autoproducer Heat
and Electricity Generation
Oil
questionnaire
Table 1
Oil
questionnaire
Table 1
LPG
Coal
questionnaire
Table 1
Coal
questionnaire
Table 1
Renewables
questionnaire
Table 1
Renewables
questionnaire
Table 1
Biogases
Manufactured
gases
The natural gas questionnaire Relations within the questionnaire
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Trade
transit trade is often reported as import / export
exchange contracts
origin not always known due to spot markets and hubs
increasing difficulties with liberalised market
Units
measurement in million cubic metres under Standard conditions - often reported under Normal conditions
data in TJ often reported as Net rather than Gross
Some specific problems regarding gas reporting The natural gas questionnaire
Common Problems
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
The importance of gas in the world
The Natural Gas Chain
Basic Concepts Natural Gas Production Supply and Consumption
Structure of the Questionnaire
Table description and definitions Relations within the questionnaire Specific problems
Overview
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
IEA Publications on annual natural gas
Publication and CD-ROM – Natural Gas Information (hard copy, pdf)
– CD-ROM
– On-line Data Service
Pay-Per-View Data download
– Derived publications/analysis:
Natural Gas Market Review Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Energy Balances of OECD Countries CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion
2011
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Publications including Natural Gas data
Statistics
Analysis
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Online Data Service
© OECD/IEA 2012 Joint Rosstat - IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Moscow, Russia – 14-17 February 2012
Thank you !
Questions welcome