UK CCS/CCUS Efforts

Natural Gas CCS: a perspective from the UK

April 28-May 1, 2014

David L. Lawrence Convention Center

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Presented at the Thirteenth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage

Jon Gibbins*, Mohamed Pourkashanian+, Karen Finney+, Mathieu Lucquiaud*UK CCS Research Centre and UKCCSRC PACT*University of Edinburgh, +University of Leeds

jon.gibbins@ed.ac.ukThe UKCCSRC is supported by the

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council as part of the Research Councils UK

Energy Programme

Acknowledgements and Disclaimer

The authors are grateful to the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Department of Energy and Climate Change and Research Councils UK for funding for a range of activities involving natural gas CCS. The contributions of many colleagues to these activities and to the material presented is also gratefully acknowledged. All information and opinions expressed in this presentation are, however, the sole responsibility of the authors.

Fraction of C stored must rise from zero to

100%

Myles R. Allen, David J. Frame & Charles F. Mason, The case for mandatory sequestration,

Nature Geoscience 2, 813 - 814 (2009), doi:10.1038/ngeo709

500 600 700 800 900 1000Emissions (billion tonnes of C)

Frac

tion

of fo

ssil

fuel

em

issi

ons

capt

ured

and

sto

red

The prime climate objective is not to end the use of fossil fuels.The prime objective is to develop and deploy 100% CCS in time to cap cumulative emissions of carbon at a safe level.

CO2 EOR can be seen as a stage in a path from zero CO2 capture to 100% CCS.It is a move in the right direction from where we are now – emitting 100% of fossil carbon to atmosphere.The technologies that CO2 EOR helps to develop can readily be adapted to get higher fractions of CO2 stored.

Climate Effects Linked to Cumulative GHG Emissions

The Prime Minister, Mr David Cameron – Jan 2014: “I support the carbon budgeting process and the Climate Change Act, which I think is a good framework. My nervousness about being too frank about the future is

Committee on Climate Change – Oct 2009: “In our December 2008 report, we set out a range of scenarios to meet our 80% emissions reduction target in 2050. The common theme running through these scenarios was the need for early decarbonisation of the power sector..”

simply down to the issue about carbon capture and storage and the role that gas will play in future….. If you have fixed a decarbonisation target and said you are going to take carbon out of electricity generation before you know whether you can get carbon capture and storage in place, I think you would be making a huge mistake”http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/WrittenEvi dence.svc/EvidenceHtml/5219

How did we get where we are now?Demonstrate CCS asap for G8 initiativePeterhead / DF1 2005

http://www.ccsassociation.org.uk/docs/2007/Monday%201415% 20-%20Jane%20Paxman.pdf

FEED announced 30 June 2005, pre-combustion capture after an autothermal reformer (i.e. a gas- fired IGCC), project cancelled mid 2007.

How did we get where we are now?Demonstrate CCS asap for G8 initiative Peterhead / DF1 2005-2007

Response to a dash for coal 2007/2008 CCS Competition 2007 Kingsnorth/LongannetEnergy Act 2010

6 August, 2008Climate Camp at

Kingsnorth Power Station

11 October, 2009Protest at

House of Commons

How did we get where we are now?Demonstrate CCS asap for G8 initiative Peterhead / DF1 2005-2007

Response to a dash for coal 2007/2008 CCS Competition 200 Kingsnorth/Longannet Energy Act 2010

New Kingsnorth power plant plans shelved 7 October 2009http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/oct/07/eon-cancels-kingsnorth-power-station

• Decision hailed by groups who staged Climate Camp protest• Lower electricity demands due to recession cited as reason

E.ON withdraws Kingsnorth from Competition 20 October 2010

Longannet CCS project cancelled 19 October 2011

National Audit Office report on Competition 16 March 2012

DECC CCS Commercialisation Programme (+£1bn) 3 April 2012

Four projects shortlisted 31 October 2012

Two preferred bidders announced 20 March 2013

Energy Bill (for EMR & FiT CfD) Royal Assent 18 December 2013

http://www.whiteroseccs.co.uk

• New standalone power plant at the existing Drax Power Station site near Selby,• State-of-the-art coal-fired power plant with the potential to co-fire biomass.• 426MWe (gross) oxyfuel power and carbon capture and storage• 90% of all CO2 emissions captured • Capturing approximately 2 million tonnes of CO2 per year• Anchor project for Yorkshire CO2 transportation and storage network

White Rose CCS Project

Peterhead CCS ProjectShell UK Limited and SSEPost-combustion capture on one of three existing GT unitsApproximately 400MW equivalent capacity (Siemens SGT5- 4000F) and 1MtCO2 /yr

Gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)

http://www.shell.co.uk/gbr/environment-society/environment-tpkg/peterhead-ccs-project.html

http://www.shell.co.uk/gbr/environment-society/environment-tpkg/peterhead-ccs-project.html

Up to 10 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions could be captured from the Peterhead Power Station in Aberdeenshire, Scotland and then transported by pipeline and stored, approximately 100km offshore in the depleted Goldeneye gas reservoir, more than 2km under the North Sea.

Jeremy Carey, Technology Manager, SSE, CCS Deployment in SSEPeterhead and Beyond…, IPA / UKCCSC CCS Conference 1st September 2011

The implications of renewables and intermittent generation, Pöyry

multi‐client study, May 2009, 

http://www.ilexenergy.com/pages/Documents/Flyers/Other/Intermittency‐Flyer_v2_0‐PostLaunch.pdf

(May not be entirely realistic since better to constrain wind than nuclear, also may want some fossil running as reserve in addition to pumped storage, but indicates the level of disruption – note also that this is a period of high demand.)

~ 30 GW of baseload available if no wind

Based on: Poyry, Impact of intermittency: how wind variability could change the

shape of the British and Irish 

electricity markets, Summary report, July 2009, http://www.poyry.com/linked/group/study

Estimates for 2030

~ 10 GW of baseload available with 43 GW of wind

Wind – 43 GW (+10GW baseload)No wind – extra 20GW baseload

7GW less LF>5%~10GW less LF<5%(and 43GW less wind)

Load factor distribution for infill power generation

00% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Some capacity doing ‘backup’

A lot of ‘infill’ capacity doing serious amounts

of energy generation

Original curves from Poyry, Impact of intermittency: how wind variability could change the

shape of the British and 

Irish electricity markets, Summary report, July 2009, http://www.poyry.com/linked/group/study, but derived numbers 

are estimates from reading the graph above with assumed baseloads

from previous slide.

Potential non-baseload CCS capacities?

Load factorEstimates for 2030

Illustrative Cost Breakdown for UK Generation Options

Based on Redpoint: Decarbonising

the GB power sector: evaluating investment pathways, generation

patterns and 

emissions through to 2030, A Report to the Committee on Climate Change, September 2009.

2008 capital costs, assumed £30/tCO2

carbon price, gas price £12.5/MWhth

, coal price £6.25/MWhth

. 10% interest rate 

£/MWh

If wind or nuclear is run as fill in power then costs go up even more than for

fossil

If CCGT+CCS is costed at 20% LF then 63% LF

electricity at very low cost is not being used.

Generating Technology and Load Factor

Jon Gibbins, Mathieu Lucquiaud, Hannah Chalmers, Adina Popa‐Bosoaga

and Rhodri Edwards, 

“Capture readiness: CCGT owners needn’t feel left out”, Modern Power Systems, Dec 2009, 17‐20.

GasGas--FACTS FACTS –– Future Advanced Capture Technology SystemsFuture Advanced Capture Technology Systems Research project to examine cost reduction by raising COResearch project to examine cost reduction by raising CO22

concentration in gas turbine flue gasesconcentration in gas turbine flue gases

http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/system/files/Inventys%20Howden%20UKCCSRC%20%5BMay%202013%5D.pdf

Post-combustion capture is not just amines!

http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/system/files/Inventys%20Howden%20UKCCSRC%20%5BMay%202013%5D.pdf

Inventys/Howden Rotary Adsorption Module

NetPower:Truly Clean, Substantially Cheaper Energy, Presented to 7th Trondheim Carbon Capture and Sequestration Conference, Hideo Nomoto, Toshiba Corporation, Rodney Allam, NET Power, June 5, 2013

NetPower:Truly Clean, Substantially Cheaper Energy, Presented to 7th Trondheim Carbon Capture and Sequestration Conference, Hideo Nomoto, Toshiba Corporation, Rodney Allam, NET Power, June 5, 2013

• First serious UK natural gas CCS project proposal 9 years ago • Now CCS is the priority for UK energy policy, not the fuel (so gas

and biomass supported, as well as coal).• Support mechanism in place (FiT with CfD) on same basis as

renewables and for electricity supplied, not CO2 price for CO2 avoided compared to the default option, i.e. natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) without capture.

• Plant level emission performance standard at NGCC level is a backstop, not the main CCS (non-)delivery driver.

• All new power plants >300MW, including natural gas, must be capture ready.

• Natural gas is (the only?) low-CAPEX, low-carbon technology, but reducing capital costs further is more important than efficiency in some market situations, including for CO2 for EOR in North America.

• Range of technology options being developed.

Natural Gas CCS: a perspective from the UK