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NATO

Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme

ECOSYSTEM OF INNOVATIONS TO COUNTER UNCONVENTIONAL CBRN THREAT VECTORS IN SUPPORT OF SAFETY AND SECURITY

Ashok Vaseashta – presenter, NPD, USA Workshop on CBRN Defence – 22-24 October 2013 – Brussels

Emerging Security Challenges Division, NATO *NPD - Vaseashta: Herndon, VA, USA, Oct 2013

*PPD – Duca: Chisinau, Moldova, Oct 2013

*PPD: Khudaverdyan, Sept 2012

° PPD: Enache, Chisinau, Moldova, Aug 2010

° PPD: Mihailescu, Sinai, Romania, Aug 2007

PPD: Dimova-Malinovska, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 2004 *Currently in progress, °CBRN related

NATO - Science For Peace and Security Programme

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Outline

Background – challenges

Description of Current and funded activities

Objective of current and funded activities

Nexus of technological innovations

Convergence of Information, Science, Technology and Knowledge

Development/refinement of knowledge and competencies

Relevance to NATO SPS CBRN activities

Path forward for SPS in the field of CBRN defense

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Background

Geopolitical landscape of the 21st century is rather complex, dynamic, and unpredictable

Unprecedented Security challenges

Critical infrastructure – energy/water/transport

Cyber – privacy, financial, denial-of-service, disruption/sabotage

CBRNE – multiple dimensions of security challenges - eco-terrorism, covert activities, bio-security, psy-ops for financial impact

Field of Engagement is undefined

Conventional rules of engagement do not apply/followed

Unconventional warfare – more challenging to respond

SOLUTION

ECOSYSTEM OF INNOVATIONS EMPLOYING CONVERGENCE OF INFORMATION, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND KNOWLEDGE

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Project Description – Current and

funded activities

EAP.SFP.984403 - Technical Advances To Monitor, Detect And Remove Contaminants In Water For Safety and Security, multi-year research project – status: on going.

EAP.ARW.984378: Technological Advances In CBRNE Sensing And Detection For Safety, Security, And Sustainability, Advanced Research Workshop, status: completed, Sept 29 – Oct 01, 2012.

CBP.EAP.ASI.983720: Technological Innovations In Detection And Sensing Of CBRN Threats and Ecological Terrorism, Advanced Study Institute –, status: completed, June 7-17, 2010.

CBP.EAP.ASI.982526 - Functionalized Nanoscale Materials, Devices, And Systems For Chem.-Bio Sensors, Photonics, and Energy Generation And Storage, Advanced Study Institute –status: completed - June 4-15, 2007.

PST.ASI.980016 - Nanostructured And Advanced Materials For Applications In Sensor, Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Technology, Advanced Study Institute –status: completed, 6th – 17th September 2004.

*Blue: Directly related to CBRNE

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Project Objectives – Current and funded activities

Development of integrated solution paths through a revolutionary approach, the convergence of information, sciences, technology and knowledge employing multi- disciplinary domains, and unique and novel opportunities to identify effective counter-measures to emerging and unconventional threats.

Assess and recommend revolutionary, state-of-the-art and field ready capabilities to defeat potential threat vectors and adversaries.

Activities to engage scientists, engineers, post-doctoral students, policy makers, and end-users in identifying technology gaps, requirements, emerging technological developments, and road-maps to accomplish sensory and detection capabilities applicable to chemical-biological-radiological, nuclear, high-yield explosives (CBRNE), and water borne contaminants – all from safety and security standpoints.

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Project Description - Expected Outcomes

Formation of networks with similar interests to exchange capabilities, experience and expertise.

Identification of integrated solution paths identify effective counter-measures to emerging and unconventional threats.

Assessment of revolutionary, state-of-the-art and field ready capabilities to defeat potential threat vectors and adversaries for recommendation to NATO, viz.

Biomimetics

Self-adapting sensors to threat vectors

Self-healing and impact resistant, smart soldier outerwear

Remote maneuverability – approach

Invisible assets in battle space

Enhanced situational awareness

Enhanced data fusion (collection/analysis)

Risk Assessment and Management

Consequence Management

Convergence of technologies

Enhanced situational awareness

Stand-off detection

Dial-a-beacon (remote and auto

detection of “new” contaminants)

Sample in-answer out

In-situ sampled (point contact) detection

Triaging pathogens and forensics

Eradicate contaminants at POO (point of origin)

Assessment (LC, LCA, LCO, …)

Mitigation strategies – environmental management

Use of decision support tools

Ecosystem of Innovations

Dimensions Comparable with many Fundamental Physical Quantities

Effective free-path length of the electrons, phonons, etc. De Broglie electron wavelength Penetration depth of the magnetic field Abrikosov vortex lattice, Josephson fluxons, Magnetic flux quantum (Qubits) Radius of electron correlation length (coherent length) Wavelength of the electromagnetic field Cyclotron Radius in Magnetic field Relaxation length of the quasi particles.

Materials by design – specs based on materials vs. materials based on specs

Nanostructured

Nanoparticles

Nanosized }

< 100 nm

Micro- d < 2 nm

Meso- 2 < d < 50 nm

Macro- d > 50 nm

IUPAC

recommendation

Why Nanomaterials ?

C: most biocompatible

Drug Delivery & Discovery Patient Care

NP Characterization: Surface area, porosity, Particle Size distribution, solubility, aggregation, hydrated Surface

analysis, zeta potential, wettabililty, Adsorption potential, shape and size of interactive surface

0.1 nm

Water

ProteinsViruses

Cells

1 nm 10 nm 100 nm 1 m 10 m 100 m

Genes

Antibodies Bacteria

DNA

Diameter of human hair

Diameter

of capillarC60

Glucose

0.1 nm

Water

ProteinsViruses

Cells

1 nm 10 nm 100 nm 1 m 10 m 100 m

Genes

Antibodies Bacteria

DNA

Diameter of human hair

Diameter

of capillarC60

Glucose

F

*

Dimensional Compatibility

Potential Applications

Medicine, pharmaceuticals, biology (cell sorting, DNA diagnostics, kidney dialysis, targeted drug delivery devices, lab-on-a-chip, proteomics, single cell analysis, BioMEMS, CytoSensing, enzymes, identification of toxic compounds), Environmental management (e.g. water purification, distributed waste treatment, pollution free manufacturing) Energy (e.g. portable power generation, fuel cells, battery electrodes, clean energy, ..) Engineering, chemistry, manufacturing and industrial processes (e.g. point-of-use synthesis, micro-channel fuel reformers, gas sensors, high surface-to-volume catalysts, nano-filters, biofuels production) Cosmetics, fragrances, toiletries (e.g. sunscreens containing oxide particles), Agriculture, food technology, additives, coatings, paints, plastics, fillers, food-packaging Materials, surfaces, coatings, packaging, polymer-composite materials (lightweight auto plastic moldings, tires, improved mechanical properties, scratch resistant paints) Textiles, fabrics, sports, entertainment technology (sportswear, golf balls, ….) Household products, ceramics, lighter-weight alloys, metal oxides, and other metallic compounds (e.g. inkjet print heads), Electronics, sensors, imaging, monitoring (nano finger-printing/barcodes) Security and military applications (CBRNE –sensing/detection, remote control) Transport, aeronautical, space engineering, intelligence, surveillance, defense, communications applications, and Information and Communications Technology (ICT).

Evolutionary present

Impregnated suit & masks Placing pigeon in cage at trench entrance Handheld decon unit & decon tank truck Trench fan and entrance way

Revolutionary 5-15 Years

Accelerated Evolutionary 0-2 Years

Disruptive 2-5 years

Suit, gloves, boots & various masks Point & “standoff” detection Handheld decon unit including tank trucks Shelters and filters

Current approach

CISTecK Approach

Future Combat systems Adaptive, self-reflective and Self-Morphology Symbolic Regression Nanorobotics in vasculopathies Plasmonic computation 3D data Storage Molecular Surveillance & Detection of Biothreat Agents Ubiquitous testing, validation & Simulation -Superbrain

Nanocatalysis Bio Engineered materials Meta materials – NRI E-textile AI and Self-assembly Robotics Genomics

Evolutionary and Disruptive Approach vs. Revolutionary Approach

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TechFARM

ADAMS

NESTTS

Data mining tools

Future Integrated Nano-Systems

3D Terabit

Memory

Ultra Sensitive

Bio-sensorNano Fluidic Circuits

Ultra Compact light

source & integrated

photonics

Sensors/Detectors - SOC, NOC, NP-OIC, SoF

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Outcome - example

Technical Advances to Monitor, Detect and Remove Contaminants in Water for Safety and Security

A joint activity of

International Clean Water Institute, Norwich University Applied Research Institutes Herndon, VA & Northfield, VT USA

Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, MOLDOVA State Engineering University of Armenia, Yerevan, ARMENIA Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, SLOVAK REPUBLIC Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, GREECE Mersin University, Turkey - consultant

NATO Science for Peace and Security

Project EAP.SFP.984403

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Goals of the project

Use of advanced (nano) technology to detect and mitigate inadvertent and intentional, chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear (CBRN) contamination in water supplies

Develop a stand-alone prototype to supply clean water

Soldiers on the ground during long field deployment

Field unit for consequence management in an event of natural disaster

Develop a GPS/GIS based Contamination Identification and Level Monitoring Electronic Display Systems (CILM-EDS) prototype to spatially monitor contaminants and water levels, in event of natural catastrophe

Situational awareness for water borne contamination

Situational awareness for sudden increase in water level

Enhance water security through contamination detection of chemicals that pose threat to mass population

Communication of research efforts to enhance awareness

Engagement of industrial organizations for project sustainability, prototype development and commercialization

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Scientific Activities of the Project

Sensing and detection of contaminants Metals (As, Hg, Cr, Pb, etc.) Pathogenic agents (bacteria, virus, proteins, cryptosporidium, etc.) Organic compounds (TCE, acetone, household degreasers, etc.) Dual-use materials Pharmaceuticals (antibiotics; steroids-fluxoymesterone, nandrolone, oxandrolone, oxymetholone, testosterone; acetaminophen, and ibuprofen, etc.) Pesticide run-off Compounds with large shelf-life in water

Contamination Remediation Strategies Metal, inorganic and organic contaminants removal TICs & TIMs

Compounds with long shelf life Pharmaceuticals

GIS/GPS based Contamination Identification and Level Monitoring Electronic Display Systems (CILM-EDS) - spatially monitor contaminants and water levels

Water management based on paradigm shift Contamination specific remediation scheme Multi-stage, application specific contamination remediation

Novelty of the Project

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Novelty of the Project

Sensing and detection of contaminants using new and state of the art technology - to detect/sense multiple agents simultaneously in quantities comparable to minimum allowable contamination levels in drinking water – e.g.

Pathogenic agents

Dual-use materials

Compounds with large shelf-life in water

Contamination Specific Remediation Strategies

GIS/GPS based Contamination Identification and Level Monitoring Electronic Display Systems (CILM-EDS) prototype to spatially monitor contaminants and water levels – situational awareness

Water management based on paradigm shift

Disaster forecast and prevention of natural catastrophes

Environmental security and Eco-terrorism countermeasures

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Rapid Risk Assessment/Verification Research

Verification center Online monitoring Water treatment Decontamination/filtration Water Management

Threat scenario simulations and

screening level risk analyses -

TTX/FTX

Threat Assessment

Disease surveillance

PC-based rapid risk assessment tool: TechFARM, ADAMS, NESTTS

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Communication Plan

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SPS multi-year project Result – project in its initial phase. Communication plan, sensors display unit, and water filtration units are in progress. Impact - Expected to contribute to enhanced water safety and security.

SPS ARW Result – introduction of several stand-off methods to sense/detect airborne contaminants, water borne impurities, and nuclear radiation. Result – formation of working group to study water contamination issue in central-Asia. Impact - A joint project among scientists from the USA, Uzbekistan, Armenia, and Italy to evaluate contaminated ground water supplies, its body burden on general population and means to mitigate the problem.

SPS ASI Result – engaging young scientists in CBRNE sensing/detecting/safety/security. Impact – Scientists, engineers, students, post-docs from over 30 countries were trained at such events.

Collaboration platforms – Activities above have led to several new activities. NATO ARW – Cyber security policy development, June 2013 – Ohrid, FYROM NATO ATC – Scientific collaboration for safety/security of black-sea region, June 2014 – Istanbul, TURKEY

Projects Outcome

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• What research in CBRN Defense requires urgent and substantial attention?

• Bio-informatics, disease surveillance programs, real-time sensing/detection, enhanced situational awareness, future outwear for soldiers, Internet-of-things for battlefield tactical superiority, human performance enhancement to reduce TBI in battlefield, remote-controlled biomimetics based sensors

• What should be the focus of the SPS Programme in CBRN Defense? • Enhancing new collaborations, focusing on regions with ongoing

conflicts. • Ideas for potential SPS activities in the CBRN field (according to your

expertise). • Multi-disciplinary applications oriented research activity. TTX/FTX

engagement of scientists.

Path forward – SPS CBRN

NATO SfP Team