ASAP V: Protecting Infrastructure Against CBRN Threats · The ASAP V integrates products from the world’s best counter-terrorism equipment companies. The system components are electronically

RI Overview CBRN • June 2013 • Page 1

ASAP V: Protecting Infrastructure Against CBRN Threats


ASAP V Multi-Threat Infrastructure Systems


ASAP V Monitors for all CBRN Threats

ASAP V is designed for monitoring subways, railway and bus stations, airports, large buildings, mail processing rooms, classrooms, etc.


Multi-Threat Detection/Identification

The ASAP V integrates products from the world’s best counter-terrorism equipment companies.

The system components are electronically linked through a PC-based command and control software package that allows the user to monitor and control the subsystems either separately or as a group.

Sensors and analytical equipment are interconnected using a GUI setup interface, and multi-level processes such as detection, collection, and analysis are automatically performed when a threat is detected.

The systems are designed for continuous, 24 hour operation, 365 days per year with minimal maintenance.


ASAP V Block Diagram: Subsystems & Interconnections

High volume primary sampling loop

Individual detectors tap into this stream

Detectors are monitored by a dedicated internal computer

Remote communication by Ethernet link or wireless


Customer-Specific System Configuration

It is not necessary to select all detection options Modular design allows customer-specific selection of

threats to be monitored. Many modules can be connected wirelessly to the main unit.

System cost is more flexible In most cases, additional threat monitoring modes may be

added later. System physical shape may be customized depending on

specifics of application: – Box-like structure that connects into ventilation system,

preferably to the monitored space’s return air line; – Functionality hidden in a large video sign, under counter-top,

etc. – Architecturally-pleasing structure for public area


Sectional View showing Typical ASAP V System Design for Public Areas

Air deflector

Impeller fan

SASS 4000 modified for this configuration

Electronic control and detection equipment

Perforations in column covers for air sample inlet

Interior photo with access door opened


Typical CBRN Capabilities & Response Times

Toxic chemicals and chemical warfare agents

– Less than 10 seconds Biological aerosol detection

– 60 seconds Biological aerosol collection

– Collection time set by user Radioisotopes and SNMs

– Less than 2 seconds Radiological aerosol collection

– Collection time set by user


Large-Area Gas and Aerosol Sampling Specialists

Many threat detectors have very short reaction times, but overall system response time is almost always dominated by the time needed for a threat agent to reach the sensor.

Research International specializes in the sampling of large spaces and uses 3D computational fluid dynamics to:

– Create favorable external air circulation patterns; and – Provide uniform and fast threat detection over a monitored area

Radial airflow pattern: column-style ASAP V at the center of a large room


Airfoil Sampling Heads

Very large amounts of air are being sampled by the ASAP V. Most chemical and biological detectors sample at very low rates of about 1 liter/minute.

It is important to apportion this flow effectively among the different sensors and get a good statistical sampling of the entire incoming air flow.

Twelve airfoil-shaped structures direct particles and gases into sampling slots that extend the full height of the incoming air flow, providing effective sampling of all incoming air.


ASAP V Rotating Stage Provides Uniform and Continuous Gas/Aerosol Sampling From all Directions

Rotating multi-element airfoil sampler- Video clip


ASAP V Sensors


Toxic Chemical Detectors

There are perhaps thousands of chemicals that could be used by terrorists.

One class are the conventional chemical warfare agents.

A second class consists of those chemicals that are both toxic and commonly used in industry.

A third class are combustible gases- not toxic, but potentially very dangerous.

The ASAP V monitors for all these threats by using multiple gas detection technologies.


Chemicals Generally Considered to be Warfare Agents

Chemical warfare agents are used to incapacitate, injure or kill at very small air concentrations. About 70 chemicals have been used in this way. The Table below lists the more common chemical warfare agents.

Chemicals Often used as Chemical Warfare Agents Class of Agent

Type/IDLH (mg/m3)

Symptoms Effects Rate of Action

Nerve GA/0.1 GB/0.1 GD/0.05 GF/0.05 VX/0.003

Difficulty breathing, sweating, drooling, convulsions, dimming of vision.

Incapacitates at low concentrations. Kills in sufficient dosage. VX is persistent and a contact hazard. The other agents are non-persistent and present an inhalation hazard.

Vapors: seconds to minutes Skin: 2 to 18 hours

Blood AC/55.0 CK/10.0

Rapid breathing, convulsions, and coma

Kills in sufficient dosage. Non-persistent and an inhalation hazard.

Immediate

Blister HD/0.07 HN/7.0 HL/0.003 L/0.003

No early symptoms. Searing/stinging of eyes and skin.

Blisters delayed hours to days; eyes and lungs affected more rapidly. Immediate pain, delayed blisters. Persistent and a contact hazard

Vapors: 4 to 6 hours Skin: 2-48 hours

Choking CG(phosgene)/8.1 DP(diphosgene)/16.

Difficulty breathing; tearing of the eyes

Damages and floods lungs. Death can result. Non-persistent and an inhalation hazard.

Immediate to 3 hours


Detector For Chemical Warfare Agents

Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS): Optional small device suppliers include Owlstone, Smiths Detection and Bruker.

New technologies can identify all standard chemical warfare agents from the previously shown Table and many Toxic Industrial Chemicals simultaneously.

New devices offer features such as reduced size and power consumption, positive and negative ion detection, and elimination of radiation source.

Only consumable is a water absorbing cartridge with a 200 hour typical life.

Maintenance protocols must be followed for optimal performance.


Toxic Industrial Chemicals

With consideration of toxicity, availability, volumetric poisoning efficiency and vapor pressure, industrial chemicals can be ranked in terms of their overall favorability for use by terrorists.

Such an analysis provides a logical way to anticipate and plan for the most likely threats.

Top Threats Based on a Ranking of NATO-Designated Dangerous Chemicals

Rank TIC IDLH (ppm)

World Production (Millions of metric tons)

Gas Pressure (Atm. at 20C)

IDLH multiplier for 1 liter of TIC into 1000

m3 volume of air 1 Chlorine 10 62.8 6.7 48.3 2 Hydrogen chloride 50 20. 40 19.7 3 Sulfur dioxide 100 >100. 3.35 5.2 4 Ammonia 300 131. 8.8 2.9 5 Phosgene 2 3.0 1.55 174 6 Hydrogen fluoride 30 1.0 1.06 38.7 7 Hydrogen cyanide 50 1.1 0.82 12.2 8 Arsine 3 No data-small 14.8 128 9 WF6 0.53 No data-small 1.16 546 10 Boron trichloride 25 No data-small 1.35 11.1 11 Nitric acid (2) 25 50-60 0.066 23.1 12 Sulfuric acid (2) 3.7 180. <0.001 122 13 Hydrogen sulfide 100 Small-90% natural 17.9 5.5 14 Ethylene oxide 800 19. 1.4 0.60 15 Formaldehyde (2) 20 8.7 0.26 32.5 16 PCl3 (2) 25 0.33 0.13 11.0 17 Carbon disulfide 500 1.8 0.40 0.8 18 Diborane 15 No data-small 10 (1) 0.66 19 Fluorine 25 <0.01 est. 10 (1) 0.4 20 Boron trifluoride 25 No data-small 10 (1) 0.4 21 Hydrogen bromide 30 No data-small 10 (1) 0.34

Based on NATO International Task Force 25 (ITF-25) Report, “Hazard for Industrial Chemicals: Reconnaissance of Industrial Hazards. “

1) For gases above their critical point at 20C, 1 liter of each gas at 10 atmospheres was assumed. 2) Requires explosive charge or atomizing device for effective use


Detector for Hazardous Industrial Chemicals

A 6-gas electrochemical gas detector array with microprocessor-based electronics is also installed.

This proprietary OEM system is designed and manufactured to RI Specifications by a Chinese supplier.

1 second update rate. 10 second alarm response to

step change in gas level Quantitative calibrated output,

comparable sensitivity to IMS Operating range: -30° to 60°C. Typical cell life of 2 to 3 years.

Electrochemical cell with transmitter electronics


Current Electrochemical Gas Detectors Offered

A 0-100% LEL combustible gas sensor is also available with1% resolution. IDLH means “Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health.”

Rank Toxic Industrial Chemical (TIC) Resolution (% of IDLH)

IDLH (ppm)

1 Chlorine 1.% 10ppm

2 Hydrogen chloride 0.2 50

3 Sulfur dioxide 0.5 100

4 Ammonia 0.67 300

5 Phosgene 1. 2

6 Hydrogen fluoride 0.33 30

7 Hydrogen cyanide 0.4 50

8 Arsine 1. 3

11 Nitric acid (2)/(NO2) 0.5 25/(20)

13 Hydrogen sulfide 0.1 100

14 Ethylene oxide 0.013 800

18 Diborane 0.2 15

19 Fluorine 0.08 25


ASAP V Explosives Vapor Detector

Mobile Trace System (Morpho Detection)

Installed in secondary sampling circuit

Detects Explosives (and Narcotics, optional) in seconds

Advanced user interface with a wide range of capabilities

Only consumable is a filter replaced monthly

However, daily, weekly and monthly maintenance protocols must be followed for optimal performance

Portable version shown above


Gas Detection: Oracle™ Long Baseline Spectrometer


Remote Wireless Oracle with Video

In many cases it is preferable to mount the Oracle module away from the main ASAP V unit

This location may be at a subway entrance or along a train track.

Wireless data communication allows versatile placement

A video or thermal camera may also be added.


Current Hazardous Gas Library

Toxic Industrial Chemicals

Chemical Warfare Agents Industrial Materials

• Ammonia • Chloroethane • Diborane • Ethylene Oxide • Formaldehyde • Hydrogen Bromide • Hydrogen Chloride • Hydrogen Cyanide • Hydrogen Sulfide • Phosgene • Vinyl Chloride • Propylene • Carbonyl Sulfide • Acrylonitrile • And many more

• AC (Hydrogen Cyanide) • CG (Phosgene) • GA (Tabun) • GB (Sarin) • GD (Soman) • GF (Cyclo-Sarin) • L (Lewisite) • SA (Arsine) • VX

• Aqueous ammonia cleaner • IsoClean • Stainless steel cleaner • Propane • Butane • Natural gas • Carbon Dioxide • DMMP • DIMP • Methyl Salicylate • FM-200 (Heptaflouropropane) • Sulfur Hexaflouride • Various alcohols and solvents • Diesel and Gasoline exhaust

Chemical detection and identification well below IDLH Wide dynamic range of concentration Automatic background adjustment


Bioaerosol Trigger: TacBio™

Developed by the U.S. Army, licensed to RI in 2010

Detects and triggers in the presence of respirable biological aerosols

Senses the natural fluorescence of these aerosols UV LED based; 20,000 to 30,000 hour source life;

stable operation to 85C Electro-optics is based on photon counting;

minimal calibration drift 1 LPM air collection rate Communication: RS-232 or wireless Removable SD memory card - 5 year data

capacity Can be used to control RI air samplers 24+ hour operation with battery 8.8 pounds (4 kg)


Bioaerosol Identification

Biodetection and identification may use filter sampling and simple assay strips.

Automated bioassay instrumentation is also supported: Research International’s Raptor™ & BioHawk™ wet assay systems.

U.S. export restrictions may apply for some equipment and methods.


Radiological Detection

Installed at access door or other foot traffic pinch-point.

An optional module detects radioactive particulates in sampled air.

Devices detect in real-time (Less than 2 seconds).

Identification and classification of neutron and gamma radiation sources.

Russian-made products.

Currently also being installed separately in Russian subways.


Example Installation: Russian Federation

Kazan, Tatarstan. 30,000 liter/minute circulation rate. 0.9m diameter and 4m high. Circumferential air inlet zone at

1.5m height; air is radially discharged at 4m height.

Exterior surface has swirl pattern for pleasing look.

800 watts electric power. Internet connected; can be

accessed and controlled from anywhere in the world.


Research International, Inc.

17161 Beaton Road SE Monroe, WA 98272-1034

Phone: 360-805-4930 • Toll Free: 1-800-927-7831 www.resrchintl.com • [email protected]

Documents

ASAP V: Protecting Infrastructure Against CBRN Threats · The ASAP V integrates products from the world’s best counter-terrorism equipment companies. The system components are electronically