Nationalism and State Building: Nationalism and State Building: Inclusion and ExclusionInclusion and Exclusion

I.I. The Nation State and Romantic The Nation State and Romantic NationalismNationalism

II.II. State Building in Latin America and State Building in Latin America and EuropeEurope

III.III. Defining National Citizenship: Insiders Defining National Citizenship: Insiders and Outsiders.and Outsiders.

NationalismNationalism

What is the nation?What is the nation?

1919thth Century Romantic NationalismCentury Romantic Nationalism

1919thth century ideology century ideology or belief in natural and or belief in natural and timeless existence of timeless existence of the nation.the nation.Natural and unique Natural and unique borders, language, borders, language, history, customs and history, customs and peoples.peoples.Each people needs a Each people needs a homeland.homeland.

Nationalism and National Nationalism and National HistoryHistory

1919thth century is the age of nationalismcentury is the age of nationalism

Different paths to national unity in different Different paths to national unity in different global regions.global regions.

Varied factors lead to specific national Varied factors lead to specific national states.states.

LongLong--lasting historical effects of nationalism lasting historical effects of nationalism and nation formation.and nation formation.

Nationalism and State in Latin Nationalism and State in Latin AmericaAmerica

Former colonies of Spanish Former colonies of Spanish monarchymonarchy--Haiti, Venezuela, Haiti, Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Columbia, Ecuador, Mexico, Central America Mexico, Central America gain independence between gain independence between 18041804--1830. 1830. European revolutions and European revolutions and imperial instability provide imperial instability provide opportunity to colonized opportunity to colonized Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar--Leader of Leader of Latin American Latin American independence movements.independence movements.

Toussaint Toussaint L'OuvertureL'Ouverture, Haitian Independence , Haitian Independence LeaderLeader

Simon Bolivar, 1783Simon Bolivar, 1783--1830, Leader of Latin 1830, Leader of Latin American IndependenceAmerican Independence

Independent Nations of Latin America (1892)Independent Nations of Latin America (1892)

Issues Raised by Latin American Issues Raised by Latin American IndependenceIndependence

National liberation and unification led by National liberation and unification led by creolecreole (mixed race) peoples. (mixed race) peoples.

Racial/class conflict within new nation Racial/class conflict within new nation states.states.

“Caudillo” style of rule through charismatic “Caudillo” style of rule through charismatic military leaders.military leaders.

Race and Society in 19th Century Latin Race and Society in 19th Century Latin AmericaAmerica

42% Indian42% Indian

28% 28% MestizoMestizo

18% White18% White

12% Black12% Black

Race and Latin AmericaRace and Latin America

Latin America TodayLatin America Today

New European Nations: Germany’s New European Nations: Germany’s Second ReichSecond Reich

Germany historically Germany historically fragmented into 200 fragmented into 200 principalities, kingdoms principalities, kingdoms and cities.and cities.Under Otto von Bismarck, Under Otto von Bismarck, wars with Denmark, wars with Denmark, Austria and France lead to Austria and France lead to unification in 1871.unification in 1871.New centralized, New centralized, militarized and militarized and industrialized nation state industrialized nation state from 1871from 1871--1914.1914.

German Confederation 1815German Confederation 1815--18661866

Otto von Bismarck: Architect of German Otto von Bismarck: Architect of German Unification 1871Unification 1871

German Unification Ceremony, 1871German Unification Ceremony, 1871

Modern Germany in 1871

Issues Raised by German Unification Issues Raised by German Unification and Nationalismand Nationalism

Unification occurred as result of warUnification occurred as result of war--military holds military holds a central place in German political and national a central place in German political and national culture.culture.Power centralized around Bismarck and central Power centralized around Bismarck and central government in new imperial capital, Berlin.government in new imperial capital, Berlin.Rapid modernization, industrialization and Rapid modernization, industrialization and militarization to equal and surpass other European militarization to equal and surpass other European nation states such as France, Russia and England.nation states such as France, Russia and England.New nation state threatened and challenged New nation state threatened and challenged existing European order and balance of power.existing European order and balance of power.