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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION

JUNE 2015

GRADE 11

MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours This question paper consists of 12 pages

Agricultural Sciences/Grade 11 2 MDoE: June 2015 NSC


INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK 2. Start EACH question on a NEW page. 3. Read ALL the questions carefully and answer only what is asked. 4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this

question paper. 5. Non-programmable calculators may be use. 6. Show ALL your calculations, including a formula where applicable. 7. Write neatly and legibly.



SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.

Choose the answer and write the correct letter (A-D) next to the question number

(1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK. Example: 1.1.11 D

1.1.1 Indicate which of the following compounds is organic:

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Ammonia

C. Glucose

D. Water

1.1.2 The element found in proteins but not in lipids is …

A. oxygen

B. nitrogen

C. phosphorus

D. sulphur

1.1.3 One of the following characteristics makes glycogen and starch suitable storage

molecules:

A. They are very large

B. They contain a lot of energy

C. They have glycosidic bonds

D. They do not dissolve in water

1.1.4 The possible characteristics of saline soil are listed below:

(i) The pH is lower than 8.5

(ii) There is no sodium carbonate in the solution

(iii) The soil colloids are well flocculated

(iv) The soil colloids are deflocculated

(v) The soil shows the signs of swelling and shrinking



Choose the correct combination

A. (i) (iii) (v) B. (iii) (iv) (v)

C. (ii) (iv) (v) D. (i) (ii) (iii)

1.1.5 A micro- organism that plays an important role in nitrification is …

A. pseudomonas

B. fungus

C. rhizobium

D. nitrobacter

1.1.6 When a solution becomes acidic, the pH value will …

A. decrease

B. remain constant

C. first decrease and then increase

D. increase

1.1.7 The organic colloid …

A. has no fixed shape

B. cannot be destroyed

C. has a round shape

D. has a small specific area

1.1.8 The condensed or chemical formula for the compound below is …

H O

│ ║

H―C― C ―OH

│

H

A. C3HCOOH

B. CH3COOH

C. H3CCOOH

D. COOH3C



1.1.9 The pH value of pure water is …

A. 6.5

B. 7.5

C. 7.0

D. 5.0

1.1.10 The only group of soil micro organisms that contains chlorophyll is …

A. Fungi

B. Protozoa

C. Algae

D. Actinomycetes (10 x 2) (10)

1.2 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY, B

ONLY, BOTH A and B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only, B only,

both A and B or NONE next to the question number (1.2.1 – 1.2.5) in the ANSWER

BOOK. EXAMPLE: 1.2.6 B only

COLUMN A COLUMN B 1.2.1 A: Humus

B: Carbonic acid

Carbon dioxide in water

1.2.2 A: Organic colloid

B: Inorganic colloid

It is amorphous and has no fixed

shape

1.2.3 A: Series photographs

B: Aerial photographs

Soil map that is used during soil

survey

1.2.4 A: Ammonification

B: Nitrification

The conversion of the organic

nitrogen compound in the soil

1.2.5 A: Protons

B: Neutrons

Make up the nucleus of an atom

(5x2) (10)



1.3 Give ONE word/ term for each of the following descriptions. Write ONLY the

word/term next to the question number (1.3.1 – 1.3.5) in the

ANSWER BOOK.

1.3.1 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

1.3.2 The bonds formed by two atoms held together as the result of sharing valence

electrons.

1.3.3 The phenomenon where carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas allows the sun, heat

into the atmosphere, but does not allow heat to escape back into the space

resulting in warmer atmosphere.

1.3.4 The relative quantities of sand, silt, and clay in the soil.

1.3.5 A systematic way of grouping soils into classes according to certain characteristics.

(5 x 2) (10)

1.4 Change the underlined word(s) in each of the following statements to make them

correct. Write only the correct word(s) next to the question number (1.4.1- 1.4.5) in

the ANSWER BOOK.

1.4.1 Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides that are held together by a

covalent bond.

1.4.2 The chemical reaction where water is added to a molecule to break the bonds

holding its atoms together is called hydration

1.4.3 The weighing scale indicates how strong or weak an acid or a base is.

1.4.4 Carboxyl group is the functional group of all amino acids

1.4.5 A dominant single colour in the soil is called heterogeneous soil colour.

(5x1) (5)



QUESTION 2: BASIC CHEMISTRY Start this question on a new page.

2.1 The following represent the structural formulae of different organic compounds

H H H H H

I I │ │ │

P = H –C---C-- H Q = H---- C---------C--------C―H

I I │ │ │

H H O-H O-H O-H

H O CH3 O

│ ║ │ ║

R = H―N―C-----C―N―C------C―O-H

│ │ │ │

H H H H

2.1.1 Identify the compound P. (1)

2.1.2 Deduce TWO functional groups from structure R above. (2)

2.1.3 Identify the linkage formed in structure R of the above organic

compounds. (1)

2.1.4 Suggest the name of an organic compound that can be formed by

structure Q. (1)

2.2 The following case study indicates the fat content indifferent types of meat.

Taking too much saturated fat is very dangerous in human lives as it

increases the amount of cholesterol in the blood. In order to reduce the risk of

having high cholesterol levels and heart attacks, people are recommended to

reduce the total fats in their diet and replace saturated fats with unsaturated

fats. The total fat content and unsaturated fat content in different types of

meat is indicated below.



MEATS Total fat content (g/100g)

Saturated fat content (g/100g)

Pork steak 2.7 1.1

Pork leg 9.6 4.2

Extra lean beef mince 2.2 0.9

Beef rump steak 4.1 1.7

Beef topside 3.5 1.2

2.2.1 Draw a bar graph showing the saturated fat content and total fat

content of different meat types (on the same set of axes) (6)

2.2.2 Deduce THREE negative effects of the high consumption of fats in

human health. (3)

2.2.3 State THREE reasons to indicate the importance of lipids in living

organisms. (3)

2.3 Differentiate between matter and atom. (4)

2.4 Answer the following questions on carbohydrates

2.4.1 Name THREE examples of disaccharides. (3)

2.4.2 State FOUR functions of carbohydrates (4)

2.5 Answer the following questions on proteins:

2.5.1 Name the main element found in proteins (1)

2.5.2 What are the building blocks or monomers of proteins? (1)

2.5.3 Mention any TWO of the functions of proteins in animals (2)

2.6 Write the chemical formula of the following compounds commonly

used in agriculture.

2.6.1 Calcium chloride (1)

2.6.2 Sodium chloride (1)

2.6.3 Hydrochloric acid (1)

[35]



QUESTION 3: SOIL SCIENCE Start this question on a new page

3.1 The illustration below indicates various ways in which water can be gained

from the atmosphere and then lost from the soil.

3.1.1. Identify and define the process that is illustrated by the letter B in the illustration above.

(3)

3.1.1 Indicate the different ways through which water is lost as indicated by the letters numbered

B, C, D and E. (4)

3.1.2 Suggest THREE possible ways to control the water loss through the process illustrated by

letter C. (3)

3.1.4 Differentiate between seepage and capillarity. (4)

3.2 Briefly discuss the effect on the soil temperature if the surface is

covered with dense vegetation. (4)



3.3 Read the extract below carefully and then answer questions below:

Soil acidity is associated with the presence of H+- ions. Acidity or alkalinity is

indicated by the pH- value which ranges from 0-14. The pH of soil refers to

the acidity and alkalinity of soil solution. Soils can be divided into the following

six pH- classes in the box.

Extremely acidic. Acid, Slightly acidic, Alkaline. Strongly alkaline. Neutral.

3.3.1 Categorise the following pH range values by using the pH classes given above.

a) pH 4.6 – 5.5 (1)

b) pH 8.6 - 10.0 (1)

c) pH 3.0 – 4.5 (1)

d) pH 7.6 – 8.5 (1)

e) pH 5.6 – 6.5 (1)

3.3.2 Suggest the pH range values for the neutral soil. (1)

3.4 Organic matter plays an important role in soil science.

3.4.1 Define the term ‘organic matter’. (2)

3.4.2 Briefly explain the effect of organic matter on the physical properties of

soil. (2)

3.4.3 Identify FOUR major groups of micro organisms found in the soil. (4)

3.4.4 State THREE roles of micro organisms in the soil. (3)

[35]



QUESTION 4: SOIL SCIENCE

Start this question on a NEW page

4.1 The diagram below shows the development of master horizons and the schematic

representation of a soil profile. Answer the questions based on it.

Use the diagram above and relate the horizons with the following features:

4.1.1 Physical weathering occurs in it. (1)

4.1.2 Contains only inorganic material (1)

4.1.3 Concentration of clay and or iron, aluminium and manganese

oxides. (1)

4.1.4 Material from which soil is directly formed (1)

4.1.5 The horizon formed by marked loss of soil structure. (1)

4.1.6 Mixture of inorganic and fully decomposed organic matter. (1)

4.1.7 Briefly explain the following terms :

(a) Elluvial. (2)

(b) Illuvial. (2)

O horizon

A horizon

E horizon

B horizon

C horizon

Bedrock

Agricultural Sciences/Grade 11 12 MDoE: June 2015

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4.1.8 Differentiate between soil profile and soil horizon. (4)

4.1.9 Compare the interpretation of dark coloured and light coloured soils based

on crop productivity. (3)

4.2 State FOUR factors that play an important role in the formation of soil. (4)

4.3 Compare the clay and the sandy textured soil with regard to the following

properties:

4.3.1 Cohesion (2)

4.3.2 Capillarity (2)

4.3.3 Water holding capacity (2)

4.4 Soil classification is done using a binomial system.

4.4.1 Briefly explain the ‘binomial system’ of classifying soils. (2)

4.4.2 Outline any TWO reasons why soil is classified (2)

4.5 Bulk density is the mass per unit volume of any substance. The sample of

oven dried soil has a mass of 680 g and 80 cm3.

4.5.1 Use the information above to calculate the bulk density of the soil

sample. (4)

[35]

TOTAL SECTION B = 105 GRAND TOTAL = 150


NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

HALF-YEARLY EXAMINATION JUNE 2015 GRADE 11

MEMORANDUM

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 8 pages

Agricultural Sciences/Grade 11 2 MDoE:June 2015 Memorandum


SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Multiple choice

1.1.1 C√√

1.1.2 B√√

1.1.3 D√√

1.1.4 D√√

1.1.5 D√√

1.1.6 A√√

1.1.7 A√√

1.1.8 B√√

1.1.9 C√√

1.1.10 C√√ (10 x 2) = 20

1.2 Match type

1.2.1. B√√

1.2.2. A√√

1.2.3. B√√

1.2.4. A√√

1.2.5. A and B√√ (5x2) = (10)

1.3 Terminology

1.3.1 Atomic number√√

1.3.2 Covalent bond√√

1.3.3 Global warming√√

1.3.4 Soil texture√√

1.3.5. Soil classification√√ (5x2) = (10)



1.4 Replacement 1.4.1 Glycosidic bond√

1.4.2 Hydrolysis√

1.4.3 pH scale √

1.4.4 Amino group √

1.4.5. Homogenous colour √ (5x1) = ( 5)

TOTAL SECTION A = 45

SECTION B QUESTION 2: BASIC CHEMISTRY 2.1.1 Molecular formula of ethane √ (1)

2.1.2 Amino group (-NH2) √ Methyl group (CH3) √ & carboxyl group (-COOH)√ (2)

2.1.3 Peptide linkage / bond √ (1)

2.1.4 Fat molecule / Ester / Lipids and Oils.√ (1)

2.2.1 Graph

Marking criteria

x Labeling of axes √

x Title of the graph √

x Differentiation between the two bars √

x Correctness of the scale √

x Proper plotting of graph√

x Correct type of graph √ (6)



2.2.2 THREE negative effects of high fat consumption

x Obesity √

x High blood pressure √

x Blocking of blood veins √

x Diabetic √

x Epileptic fits √

x Increases the amount of cholesterol in the blood√

x Heart attacks√ (Any 3) (3)

2.2.3 THREE important roles of lipids

x Energy source √

x Protection and insulation √

x Water proofing √

x Form part of the cell membrane√ (Any 3) (3)

2.3 Difference between matter and atom MATTER - is anything that has mass and takes up space. √√

ATOMS -are the basic units or the building block of all matter √√ (4)

2.4. Carbohydrates 2.4.1 THREE examples of disaccharides

–Maltose √

-Sucrose √

-Lactose √ (3)



2.5 Answer the following questions on proteins: 2.5.1 Nitrogen √ (1)

2.5.2 Amino Acids√ (1)

2.5.3 – speeding up of chemical reactions√

- storage of amino acids √

- transport of substances /act as buffers√

- Coordination of body activities√

- Protection of the body against diseases√

- Replacement of dead cells/ worn out tissues√

- Formations of hormones and enzymes√

- Essential for reproduction and growth √ (Any 2) (2)

2.6 Chemical formulae

2.6.1 CaCI2 √ (1)

2.6.2 NaCI √ (1)

2.6.3 HCL√ (1)

QUESTION 3: SOIL SCIENCE 3.1.1 Transpiration√ - the loss of water√ from the leaf surface of plants. √ (3)

3.1.2 B - Transpiration√

C - Run-off √

D - Percolation/Seepage√

E - Surface evaporation√ (4)

3.1.3 THREE ways to control loss of water through run off – Cover sloping soil with crops √

- Use contour walls √

- Apply organic matter into the soil √

- Use gypsum on soil surface to increase water infiltration √ (Any 3) (3)

3.1.4 SEEPAGE: is the downward movement of water into the soil without

being absorbed by the roots. √√

CAPPILARITY: is the upward movement of soil water from the soil

water table through the micro pores. √√ (4)



3.2 - Day and night temperature will be reduced √

- The denser the plants cover, the less radiation/heat will be received by

the soil. √

- Less heat will be lost during the night due to radiation √

- Vegetation acts as a buffer to temperature variation in the soil √ (4)

3.3 PH SCALE

3.3.1 (a) Acidic √ (1)

(b) Strongly alkaline √ (1)

(c) Extremely acidic √ (1)

(d) Alkaline √ (1)

(e) Slightly acidic √ (1)

3.3.2 Neutral = 6.6 – 7.5 √ (1)

3.4 ORGANIC MATTER

3.4.1 Organic matter is the remains√ of living organisms

(of plant and animal origin) √ (2)

3.4.2 Effects of organic matter - Improves soil structure √

- The pore spaces increases due to structure formation √

- Soil infiltration rate of water improves√

- Cultivation of soil improves √

- More heat will be absorbed √

- Erosion by water and wind is reduced √ (Any 2) (2)

3.4.3 - Bacteria √

- Protozoa √

- Fungi √

- Algae √

- Actinomycetes √ (Any 4) (4)



3.4.4 THREE roles of micro organisms

- Decomposition of plant and animal residues √

- Liberation of nutrients and carbon dioxide √

- Nitrogen fixation and transformation √

- Food processing and spoilage √

- Mutualism e.g. Rhizobium bacteria √ (Any 3) (3)

QUESTION 4: SOIL SCIENCES 4.1.1 O/A horizon/topsoil √ (1)

4.1.2 Bedrock √ (1)

4.1.3 B √ (1)

4.1.4 C/parent material √ (1)

4.1.5 E √ (1)

4.1.6 A/topsoil √ (1)

4.1.7 (a) ELLUVIAL: Export of soil minerals are washed out from the A-horizon

to the B –horizon. √√ (2)

(b) ILLUVIAL: Mineral salts are washed in or carried from the O/A horizon

to the B – horizon. √√ (2)

4.1.8 SOIL PROFILE: A vertical section through soil showing different soil

horizons. √√ and SOIL HORIZON: Different horizontal

layers of different colour, composition and structure.√√ (4)

4.1.9 Soil colour

DARK COLOURED SOIL LIGHT COLOURED SOIL Indicate high fertility √ Indicates low fertility √

More iron compounds √ Less or no ion compounds √

Warm type of soil √ Varies with temperature√

Suitable for any type of crop √ Only deep rooted crops can grow well√

Higher percentage of organic matter√ Low percentage of organic matter √

(Any 3) (3)



4.2 FOUR factors influencing soil formation x Climate √

x Vegetation √

x Age √

x Topography √ (Any 4) (4)

x Man and his activities √

4.3 Clay and sand comparison

CLAY SAND 4.3.1 COHESION Very good/ great √ None √

4.3.2 CAPILLARITY Very good/great √ Very low √

4.3.3 WATER HOLDING Very strong √ Very,low/ weak √

(6)

4.4 Soil classification

4.4.1 Soil is classified under two systems that are soil form √ and soil series√ (2)

4.4.2 - Planning camps √

- Valuation of soil √

- Development of new region √

- For scientific planning of a farm √ (Any 2) (2)

4.5 BD = mass / volume√ = 680g / 80cm3√

= 8.5g/cm3√√ (4)

TOTAL SECTION B = 105 GRAND TOTAL = 150

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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL ...besteducation.co.za/resources/English/Grade-11/... · NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES HALF-YEARLY