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National Science Foundation and Science Community Needs for Polar Icebreakers. Background material prepared for the August 26, 2005 meeting of the NAS/NRC Task Force on Assessment of U.S. Coast Guar Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs. Karl Erb, Director - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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National Science Foundation and Science National Science Foundation and Science Community Needs for Polar IcebreakersCommunity Needs for Polar Icebreakers
Background material prepared for the August 26, 2005 meeting of the NAS/NRC Task Force on Assessment of U.S. Coast
Guar Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs
Karl Erb, Director
Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation
NSF Polar RolesNSF Polar Roles
National Science Foundation –
• Provides $96 million for Arctic fundamental research
• Chairs the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (to coordinate Federal Arctic research)
• Provides $266 million for Antarctic fundamental research
• Manages the U.S. Antarctic Program
NSF Provides $96 Million (33%) of the NSF Provides $96 Million (33%) of the Federal Funding for Arctic ResearchFederal Funding for Arctic Research
Funding DecisionsFunding Decisions
• Funding decisions based on peer review of scientific merit and broader impacts– 3,100 proposals over 5 years
– 1,500 researchers
• Future directions guided by science community input– NAS reports
– Workshops (80 such)
– IASC, SCAR, etc.
– Disciplinary roadmaps
Life in the Cold and DarkLife in the Cold and Dark
Bacteria Found in Melt Samples Taken from Ice Thought To Be Refrozen from the Waters of Lake Vostok.
Snow Bacteria Found at the geographic South Pole
Some Polar KSome Polar Knowledgenowledge FrontiersFrontiers
• Ice, Earth, and Climate
• Life in the Cold and Dark
• Origins of the Universe
Major Major Study Study
Sites in Sites in the Arcticthe Arctic
USCG USCG HealyHealy and German icebreaker and German icebreaker PolarsternPolarstern in the Arctic Ocean in the Arctic Ocean
SHEBASHEBA
Study of Environmental Study of Environmental ARctic CHange (SEARCH)ARctic CHange (SEARCH)
SEARCH is a multi-agency, international, interdisciplinary research effort to understand the full scope of changes occurring in the Arctic
http://www.arcus.org/search/
Year
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Bio
mas
s In
dex
(tho
usan
d m
t)
0
50
100
150
200
Entire survey areaSE Middle ShelfNW Middle Shelf
156 W162 168 174 180
54
56
58
60
62
64 N
SE Middle Shelf
NW Middle Shelf
Brodeur et al. (submitted)
Bering Bering SeaSea
Jellyfish
Global ocean circulationGlobal ocean circulation
Antarctic ScienceAntarctic Science
Science performed includes:•Upper atmosphere
studies•Astrophysics•Climate change•Seismology•Glaciology•Volcanology•Life in the Cold and Dark McMurdo StationMcMurdo Station
BeardmoreBeardmoreGlacier Glacier 375 nm 375 nm
Palmer StationPalmer Station
Amundsen-ScottAmundsen-ScottSouth Pole Station South Pole Station 730 nm 730 nm
Vostok StationVostok Station(Russian) 708 nm (Russian) 708 nm SipleSiple
DomeDome540 nm540 nm
Downstream CDownstream C507 nm507 nm
To Christchurch, To Christchurch, 2,085 NM2,085 NM
U.S. Antarctic ProgramU.S. Antarctic ProgramResources Resources –– Ships Ships
USAP USAP research research
icebreakericebreaker
Nathaniel Nathaniel
B. PalmerB. PalmerContract cargo ship Contract cargo ship American TernAmerican Tern
USAP research icebreakerUSAP research icebreaker
Laurence M. Gould Laurence M. Gould
USCG USCG Polar StarPolar Star and the Russian and the Russian icebreaker icebreaker KrasinKrasin, McMurdo Sound 2005, McMurdo Sound 2005
Presidential Memorandum 6646Presidential Memorandum 6646(1982)(1982)
Tasked NSF to
• Manage the U. S. Antarctic Program on behalf of the U.S. government.
• Develop and fund the associated research program
• Draw upon logistic support capabilities of government agencies on a cost reimbursable basis
• Use commercial support and management facilities where these are determined to be cost effective and not detrimental to the national interest.
1994 Presidential Decision 1994 Presidential Decision DirectiveDirective
Four basic objectives of U.S. policy in Antarctica:
1.Protecting the relatively unspoiled environment of Antarctica and its associated ecosystems;
2.Preserving and pursuing unique opportunities for scientific research to understand Antarctica and global physical and environmental systems;
3.Maintaining Antarctica as an area of international cooperation reserved exclusively for peaceful purposes; and
4.Assuring the conservation and sustainable management of the living resources in the oceans surrounding Antarctica.
Ozone Hole, September 2004Ozone Hole, September 2004
The Changing Antarctic Ice SheetThe Changing Antarctic Ice Sheet
Cosmic Cosmic microwave microwave background if a background if a camera were camera were sensitive to sensitive to microwavesmicrowaves
Astrophysical ResearchAstrophysical Research
Amundsen-Scott South Pole Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, January 2005Station, January 2005
Teachers Experiencing Teachers Experiencing Antarctica and the ArcticAntarctica and the Arctic
McMurdo StationMcMurdo Station
BeardmoreBeardmoreGlacier Glacier 375 nm 375 nm
Palmer StationPalmer Station
Amundsen-ScottAmundsen-ScottSouth Pole Station 730 nm South Pole Station 730 nm
Vostok StationVostok Station(Russian) 708 (Russian) 708 nm nm
SipleSipleDomeDome540 nm540 nm
Downstream CDownstream C507 nm507 nm
To Christchurch, To Christchurch, 2,085 NM2,085 NM
Some Some Antarctic Antarctic
Study SitesStudy Sites
McMurdo Sound McMurdo Sound Shipping Channel & Shipping Channel & Turning BasinTurning Basin
NSF/OPP Advisory NSF/OPP Advisory Committee report – Committee report – USAP ResupplyUSAP Resupply
KrasinKrasin and USCG and USCG Polar StarPolar Star in McMurdo Sound, 2005in McMurdo Sound, 2005
Ship CapabilitiesShip Capabilities
Days at Sea
Science & Support
Crew HP Displacement (tons)
Ft/KtS
Polar Star/ Polar Sea
200 20 145 18,000 (diesel)
75,000 (turbine)
13,400 6 ft at 6 kts
Krasin ? 0 65 35,500 20,000 6 ft at 3 kts
Healy 200 35 85 30,000 16,400 4.5 ft at 3 kts
NBP 300+ 39 22 13,000 6,800 3 ft at 3 kts
Polarstern 330 50 44 20,000 17,300 4 ft at 5 kts
LMG 320 28 16 4,575 3,400 1 ft at 3 kts
ARRV 300+ 24 17 5,750 2,900 2.5 ft at 3 kts
Current ship resourcesCurrent ship resources
Current Resources
Research Supply Age
POLAR STAR/SEA + 29/27 years
KRASIN + 29 years
HEALY + 6 years
NBP + 13 years
LMG + + 10 years
Military Sealift + Various
ARRV + To be built
Meeting Future Needs for Meeting Future Needs for Heavy Icebreaking CapabilityHeavy Icebreaking Capability
POLAR STAR/SEA - SLEP?New Heavy Ice Breaker?
One or Two?Icebreaker only or multi-purpose?Antarctic only?Arctic and Antarctic?Build to lease?Government Owned, Contractor operated?Shared use with private sector?Military or commercial crew?Military or commercial construction?