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National Parks in IcelandDevelopment and Operation
Sigþrúður Stella Jóhannsdóttir
Park Management – The Value of Knowledge
and Education
Egilsstaðir 11. október 2010
• Protected Areas – an overview
• Governance
• Staffing
• Protected Areas – examples
• The Value of Our Protected Areas and a
Need for the Future.
• Questions for tomorrow.
Content
Designated
TotalBefore
1960
1960-
1969
1970-
1979
1980-
1989
1990-
1999
2000-
2009 2010-
National Parks 1 (1) (1) 0 0 2 0 3 (5)*
Nature Reserves 0 1 24 5 6 5 0 41
Natural Monuments 0 2 13 14 3 5 0 37
Country Parks 0 0 7 2 3 7 0 19
Habitat Protection
Areas 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Other Areas 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2
1 3 (4)
45
(46) 21 13 21 0 104
* Two became part of Vatnajökull National Park in 2008.
Protected Areas in Iceland
Number and size
hectaresNumber of areas
2010Categories Size (ha)Snæfellsjökull NP 16.694Nature Reserves 294.922Natural Monuments 6.587Habitat Protection Areas 2.172Country Parks 42.040Other Areas, special act* 1.615.772Total 1.978.187
Categories and size
*Þingvellir NP, Vatnajökull NP, Mývatn Laxá Reserve
and Breiðafjörður Reserve Source: Environment Agency
Ministry of Environment
Environment Agency
(UST)– Snæfellsjökull NP
– Nature Reserves (41)
– Natural Monuments (37)
– Habitat Protection Areas (2)
– Mývatn Nature Reserve.
(Special Act)
Country Parks (19) –
Municipalities
Governance
Ministry of Prime Minister
The Þingvellir Committee
Þingvellir National Park
Þingvellir was declared a national park in 1930. A law was passed designating Þingvellir as “a protected national shrine for all Icelanders, the perpetual property of the Icelandic nation under the preservation of parliament, never to be sold or mortgaged.”
www.thingvellir.is
Governance cont.
Ministry of Environment
Board of Directors of Vatnajökull NP
Regional Committees,
North, East, South and West
Created in 2008
Skaftafell (1967)
Jökulsárgljúfur (1973)
Enlarged in 2009
NE
SW
Governance cont.
The proposed size of the NP
North
East
South
West
Created on June 7th 2008
The size from end of June 2009
Vatnajökull National Park
The Breiðafjörður Committee
Breiðafjörður Reserve
Created 1995
Governance cont.
Year 2009
Permanent Seasonal Annual Other
Þingvellir NP 3,6 10 7,6
3* weeks volunteer work
Contractors work
Vatnajökull
NP 9,5** 46 18,2 332* weeks volunteer work
Snæfellsjökull
NP (UST) 2 5 3 10* weeks volunteer work
Other
Protected
Areas (UST) 3 11 5 146* weeks volunteer work
Total 18,1 72 33,8
*UST volunteer work, total of 596 volunteer weeks. 105 weeks to other areas than PA.** 2010 permanent employees were 11,5.
Staffing in Protected Areas
1 Þingvellir
1 Skaftafell
Permanent Staffing 1993
1 Snæfellsjökull
2001
3 Þingvellir
1 Jökulsárgljúfur
1994
1 Skaftafell
2002
1 Hornstrandir
Nature Reserve
(UST)
2 Snæfellsjökull
NP (UST)
1,5
Reykjavík
(VÞ)
3,6 Þingvellir1 Surstey
Nature
Reserve
(UST)
1 Mývatn Nature Reserve UST
1 Mývatn (VÞ)
2 Jökulsárgljúfur
(VÞ)
2 Egilsstaðir (VÞ)
2 Skaftafell (VÞ)2 Kirkjubæjarklaustur
(VÞ)
1 Höfn (VÞ)
2010
Foreign visitors to Iceland
Visitation
Visitation in the Future?
Þingvellir National Park
• Created 1930
• Enlarged 2004
• UNESCO World Heritage Site 2004
• Visitation 500.000
• Management Plan 2004-2024
Þingvellir National Park
Mynd: Snævarr Guðmundsson
• Created 2001
• Visitation ?• 100.000 from abroad
• 70.000 Icelandersto Snæfellsnes peninsula.
• Management Plan2010 - 2020
Snæfellsjökull National Park
Skaftafell
www.vatnajokulsthjodgardur.is
• Created 1967
• Visitation 250.000
• Vatnajökull NP from 2008
Skaftafell
Jökulsárgljúfur
• Created 1973
• Visitation 130.000+
• Vatnajökull NPfrom 2008
Jökulsárgljúfur
Skaftafell
• Created 2008
• Oversees other protected areas.
• Visitation
• Management Plan Proposal
Vatnajökull National Park
www.vatnajokulsthjodgardur.is
• Created 1974
• New Act from 2004
• Ramsar Area
• Visitation to Mývatn
Area 200 – 250.000
• A Draft Management
Plan
• Staffing
Permanent 1
Seasonal 35 weeks
Mývatn Laxá Nature Reserve
• Created 1975
• Visitation 6.000
• Staffing
– Permanent 1
– Seasonal 6 weeks
Hornstrandir Nature Reserve
• Created 1965
• Enlarged 2006
• UNESCO World
Heritage Site 2008
• Staffing
– Permanent 1
– Seasonal 1-2
Surtsey Nature Reserve
• Created 1979
• The most visited site
in the Highlands
• Visitation 100.000 +
• Staffing
– Permanent 0
– Seasonal 1
Fjallabak Nature Reserve
JökulsárgljúfurThe Value of Our Protected Areas
• Unique resources.
• Important for
– science,
– education and
interpretation,
– recreation and tourism,
– rural development,
– and more.
JökulsárgljúfurThe Need in Our Protected Areas
• The Subject; resources, visitors and society.
– Pressure
– Knowledge, research and monitoring.
JökulsárgljúfurThe Need in Our Protected Areas
• The Framework; laws and regulation, administration,
funding and staff.
– Administration
– Funding.
– Staff.
– Professional background.
JökulsárgljúfurThe Need in Our Protected Areas
• The Tools; planning and management.– Planning frameworks and Management Plans
– Staffing
– Partnerships and public involvement.
– Information, interpretation and education.
– Monitoring.
– Management effectiveness.
JökulsárgljúfurQuestions
How can we systematically increase research
and monitoring on PA resources, their
visitors and society to improve the PA
management and planning effectiveness?
JökulsárgljúfurQuestions
How can we bridge the cap between science
and the public concerning the value of PA
and decisions concerning PA management?
JökulsárgljúfurQuestions
How can we strengthen cooperation between
research institutes, educational institutes
and administrational institutes so to improve
and increase the professional background
of PA Management?
Questions
– Natural and Cultural Resources.
– Social factors.
– Economic factors.
– Management .
Management is an ongoing
process.
How can we assess Management Effectiveness of Protected Areas concerning?
The framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas
Stolton, 2008
JökulsárgljúfurQuestions
How can we increase the professional
capacity of our administration and our staff
and in what channel should we put
education in PA Management in?