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Philippine Nutrition
Facts and Figures 2013
8th
National Nutrition Survey
Food Security Survey
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila
July 2015
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
ISSN 1655-2911
NNS 2015-F006
This report summarizes the result of the 8th National Nutrition Survey (Food Security Survey):
Philippines, 2013 undertaken by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science
and Technology (FNRI-DOST).
Additional information on the survey may be obtained from the FNRI-DOST, DOST Compound,
Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines 1631
Tel. Numbers: (632) 837-2071 local 2282/2296; 839-1846
Telefax: (632) 837-2934; 839-1843
Email [email protected] [email protected]
Website www.fnri.dost.gov.ph
Recommended Citation: Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and
Technology (FNRI-DOST). (2015). Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013: Food Security
Survey. FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Table of Contents i
Foreword iii
The 8th
National Nutrition Survey Management Team v
Acknowledgments vi
List of Acronyms vii
Operational Definition viii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
List of Appendices xii
Summary of Findings 1
1 Introduction 3
2 Methodology 5
2.1 Sampling Design 5
2.2 Scope and Coverage 5
2.3 Survey Methods 6
2.4 Ethical Review 7
2.5 NSCB/PSA Review and Approval 7
2.6 Data Processing and Analysis 7
3 Results 12
3.1 Food Security Status of Households 12
3.2 Household Dietary Diversity using Dietary Diversity Score 17
3.3 Household Food Consumption using Food Consumption Score 23
4 Conclusions and Implications 39
5 References 41
6 Appendices 43
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FOREWORD
Hunger has been a problem not just in the Philippines but also worldwide. It happens when
people have no access to safe and nutritious food resulting to not eating or skipping a meal which
further leads to hunger. If the individual continues to be hungry his/her nutritional status will be
sacrificed. Thus, it is said that hunger and malnutrition goes hand in hand.
The Food and Nutrition Research Institute is mandated to conduct studies not just to define
the country‟s nutritional status but also its causes and effects and to identify solutions to these
problems. For many years now, the National Nutrition Survey serves as source of data and
information for program and policy makers, both in private and public sectors, to aid in the program
planning, policy formulation and achieving our national goals.
Since 2001, FNRI has included Food Security in its survey and was able to provide the
picture regarding the food security status of the Philippines. In the 8th NNS, FNRI opted to use new
tools in assessing food security status to identify not just the geographic location of food insecure
household but even how the household access food and the quality of food access in terms of diversity
and nutritional adequacy of the diet. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and
Household Dietary Diversity (HDD) shed more light on the dimensions of food insecurity at the
household level.
We hope that this monograph would be of great help to our policy and program makers, both
in public and private sector, to identify not just the population that are most vulnerable and in dire
need of help but also the factors that contribute in increasing hunger prevalence and direct their
interventions towards them. We further hope that through this book, people will be aware and also
pay attention to the causes of malnutrition and not just on the effects. Solving the problem on food
security will lead to solving hunger thus, laying the foundation for progress in health, nutrition and
disease.
We call everyone - ordinary people, students, non-government organizations and the
government - to work together and end the fight for hunger and malnutrition.
MARIO V. CAPANZANA, Ph.D.
Director
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
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Food and Nutrition Research Institute
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
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Food and Nutrition Research Institute
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
THE 8TH
NATIONAL NUTRITION SURVEY MANAGEMENT TEAM
Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.
Project Director
Imelda A. Agdeppa, Ph.D.
Project Leader 2012-April 2014
Cecilia Cristina Santos-Acuin, M.D., Ph.D.
Project Leader May 2014-2015
EDITORS
Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.
Cecilia Cristina Santos-Acuin, M.D., Ph.D.
COMPONENT STUDY LEADERS
Ma. Adrienne S. Constantino
Household Dietary Component and
Individual Dietary Component (2012-2014)
Ma. Lilibeth P. Dasco, M.S. (Applied Nutrition)
Anthropometry Component
Marina B. Vargas, Ph.D. (Human Nutrition)
Individual Dietary Component
(January 2015-Present)
Leah A. Perlas, M.S. (Human Nutrition) Biochemical Component
Eva A. Goyena, M.F.S.N. Clinical Component
(May 2012-May 2014)
Chona F. Patalen, M.P.H.
Clinical Component
(June 2014-Present)
Mildred O. Guirindola, M.P.S.-F.N.P. Maternal Health and Nutrition (April 2015-Present)
and Infant and Young Child Feeding Components
Cristina G. Malabad, M.S.P.H. (Nutrition)
Food Security Component (April 2015-Present)
Maternal and Health Nutrition Component
(2014-March 2015)
Milagros C. Chavez
Government Program Participation Component
Maria Belina N. Nueva España, M.S.
(Applied Nutrition) Food Security Component
(2013-March 2015)
DATA MANAGEMENT
Charmaine A. Duante, M.S. Epidemiology
(Public Health) Head, Nutritional Statistics and Informatics Team
Glen Melvin P. Gironella
Senior Statistician
Ma. Lynell V. Maniego
Statistician
Eldridge B. Ferrer, M.S.
(Applied Economics and Statistics) Statistician
Apple Joy D. Ducay Statistician
Jeffrey Y. De Leon, M.I.T. Senior Programmer and Developer of e-DCS
Mae Ann S.A. Javier
Programmer and Developer of e-DCS
FINAL REPORT WRITERS
Cristina G. Malabad, M.Sc.
Maria Belina N. Nueva España, M.Sc.
Paula Joy C. Escanilla
Andreissa Fae S. Ranchez
Cristilyn T. Atrero
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Food and Nutrition Research Institute gratefully acknowledges the following:
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) for the funding support in the conduct of the
Food Security Survey component in the regions of Mindanao;
The National Statistics Office (NSO) for the technical assistance in providing the listing of sample
housing units and sample households;
The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Local Government Units (LGU‟s), the
Governors, Mayors and Barangay Captains and their constituents for providing direct
assistance in the field survey operations;
The National Nutrition Council of the Department of Health (NNC-DOH) through its Regional
Nutrition Program Coordinators (RNPCs) and Provincial/City and Municipal Nutrition Action
Officers (PNAOs/CNAOs and MNAOs) for sharing their untiring guidance and incessant
support during field data collection;
The Department of Science and Technology Regional Directors (RDs) and Provincial Science and
Technology Directors (PSTDs) for their support, especially during the conduct of field data
collection, training and pre-survey coordination in the regions/provinces;
Dr. Arturo Y. Pacificador, as statistical consultant, for the technical guidance in sampling design and
data analysis;
The FNRI Finance and Administrative Division for their invaluable assistance in the financial aspect
of the survey;
All the 35,825 households and 172,323 individuals for their indispensable participation and utmost
cooperation in the survey; and
All the FNRI technical and non-technical staff, local researchers, local survey aides and numerous
others who have provided their inputs involvement and contribution to the fruition of the 8th
National Nutrition Survey: Philippines, 2013.
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
AHMP Accelerated Hunger-Mitigation Program
ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon
CAR Cordillera Administrative Region
CI Confidence Interval
CCT Conditional Cash Transfer
DCS Data Computer System
DDS Dietary Diversity Score
DOST Department of Science and Technology
EA Enumeration Area
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FCS Food Consumption Score
FNRI Food and Nutrition Research Institute
HDD Household Dietary Diversity
HFIAS Household Food Insecurity Access Scale
LFS Labor Force Survey
LL Lower Limit
MIMAROPA Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan
NCR National Capital Region
NNS National Nutrition Survey
NSO National Statistics Office
SE Standard Error
SOCCSKSARGEN South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani and General Santos
UL Upper Limit
US HFSSM United States Household Food Security Survey Module
WFP World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization
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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Condiment refers to a food that is generally eaten in a very small quantity, often just for flavor. An
example would be a „pinch‟ of fish powder, a teaspoon of milk tea, spices, etc. (World Food
Programme [WFP], 2008).
Dietary Diversity is defined as the number of different foods or food groups eaten for the previous
seven (7) days (past week), not regarding the frequency of consumption (WFP, 2008).
Food Consumption Score is a score calculated using the frequency of consumption of different food
group consumed by a household during the seven (7) days before the survey (WFP, 2008).
Food Frequency is defined as the frequency (in terms of days of consumption over a reference
period) that a specific food item or food group is eaten at the household level.
Food Group is defined as a grouping of food items that have similar nutritional properties or
biological characteristics.
Food Accessibility refers to access by individuals to adequate resources for acquiring appropriate
foods for a nutritious diet. It encompasses their income, expenditure and buying capacity
(Philippine Food Security Information System [PhilFSIS], 2014a).
Food Insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or
limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (Life
Sciences Research Office, 1990).
Food Item cannot be split into separate foods. However, generic terms such as „fish‟ or „poultry‟ are
generally considered to be food items for the purpose of this analysis.
Food Security is the access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life. Food
security includes at a minimum: (1) the ready availability of nutritionally-adequate and safe
foods and (2) an assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (e.g.,
without resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing or other coping strategies)
(World Food Summit, 1996).
Food Utilization is the ability of the human body to ingest and metabolize food through adequate
diet, clean water, good sanitation and health care to reach a state of nutritional well-being
where all physiological needs are met (PhilFSIS, 2014b).
Household is people who sleep under the same roof and take meals together at least four days a week
(Coates, 2007).
Household Food Access is the ability to acquire sufficient quality and quantity of food to meet all
household members‟ nutritional requirement for productive lives (Swindale, 2006).
Hunger is the uneasy or painful sensation caused by a lack of food.
Lack of resources means not having money or the ability to grow or trade for the food (Coates,
Swindale & Bilinsky, 2007)
Respondent is the person responsible for food preparation of the household the previous day.
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
1 Food Security: Eligibility and Response Rate 6
2 HFIAS Household Food Access Scoring 7
3 Categories of food insecurity (access) 8
4 WFP-FCS standard food group and current standard weights 10
5 An example of a completed food consumption score template 11
6 WFP Food Consumption Scores 11
7 Percentage distribution of households by food security status and region:
Philippines, 2013
12
8 Percentage distribution of households by food security status and socio-
demographic: Philippines, 2013 (n=35,635)
14
9 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of food insecurity experience:
Philippines, 2013 (n=35,635)
16
10 Mean dietary diversity score by region: Philippines, 2013 17
11 Percentage of households consuming the 12 food groups of the HDDS:
Philippines, 2013
19
12 Summary of food groups consumed by rank according to the frequency
of consumption: Philippines, 2013
20
13 Percentage distribution of households by dietary diversity score category:
Philippines, 2013
21
14 Percentage of households consuming the 9 food groups of the FCS:
Philippines, 2013
24
15 Mean days of frequency of consumption of the 9 food groups of the FCS by region:
Philippines, 2013
25
16 Percentage distribution of households consuming cereals by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
27
17 Percentage distribution of households consuming vitamin A-rich vegetables and
tubers by source and region: Philippines, 2013
27
18 Percentage distribution of households consuming white tubers and roots by source
and region: Philippines, 2013
28
19 Percentage distribution of households consuming dark green leafy vegetables by
source and region: Philippines, 2013
28
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Table No. Title Page No.
20 Percentage distribution of households consuming other vegetables by source and
region: Philippines, 2013
29
21 Percentage distribution of households consuming vitamin A-rich fruits by source
and region: Philippines, 2013
29
22 Percentage distribution of households consuming other fruits by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
30
23 Percentage distribution of households consuming meats by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
30
24 Percentage distribution of households consuming organ meats by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
31
25 Percentage distribution of households consuming eggs by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
31
26 Percentage distribution of households consuming fish and shellfish by source and
region: Philippines, 2013
32
27 Percentage distribution of households consuming legumes, nuts and seeds by source
and region: Philippines, 2013
32
28 Percentage distribution of households consuming milk and milk products by source
and region: Philippines, 2013
33
29 Percentage distribution of households consuming oils and fats by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
33
30 Percentage distribution of households consuming sweets by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
34
31 Percentage distribution of households consuming spices, condiments and beverages
by source and region: Philippines, 2013
34
32 Percentage distribution of households with poor food consumption by wealth
quintile and region: Philippines, 2013
37
33 Percentage distribution of households with borderline food consumption by wealth
quintile and region: Philippines, 2013
37
34 Percentage distribution of households with acceptable food consumption by wealth
quintile and region: Philippines, 2013 38
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page No.
1 Food security diagram 3
2 Percentage of food secure households by region: Philippines, 2013 13
3 Percentage of households considered food secure by socio-demographic:
Philippines, 2013
14
4 Percentage of households considered food secure: Philippines, 2001-2013 16
5 Mean dietary diversity score by region: Philippines, 2013 17
6 Percentage of households consuming the 12 food groups of the HDDS:
Philippines, 2013
18
7 Percentage distribution of households by dietary diversity score category:
Philippines, 2013
21
8 Mean dietary diversity score of households by wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013 22
9 Percentage of households consuming the 9 food groups of the FCS:
Philippines, 2013
23
10 Percentage distribution of households by source of foods consumed:
Philippines, 2013
26
11 Percentage distribution of households by food consumption category and region:
Philippines, 2013
35
12 Percentage distribution of households by food consumption category and wealth
quintile: Philippines, 2013
36
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
No. Title Page No.
1 Percentage of households consuming the 16 food groups of the food frequency
questionnaire by region: Philippines, 2013
43
2 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of cereals consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
44
3 Percentage distribution of households by vitamin A-rich vegetables and tubers
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
45
4 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of white tubers and roots
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
46
5 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of dark green leafy vegetables
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
47
6 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of other vegetables consumption
and region: Philippines, 2013
48
7 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of vitamin A-rich fruits
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
49
8 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of other fruits consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
50
9 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of meat consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
51
10 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of organ meats (iron-rich)
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
52
11 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of egg consumption and region:
Philippines, 2013
53
12 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of fish and shellfish
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
54
13 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of legumes, nuts and seeds
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
55
14 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of milk and milk products
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
56
15 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of oils and fats consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
57
16 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of sweets consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
58
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Appendix
No. Title Page No.
17 Percentage distribution of frequency of spices, condiments and beverages
consumption by region: Philippines, 2013
59
18 Percentage distribution of households by food consumption category and province:
Philippines, 2013
60
19 Percentage distribution of households by food security status and province:
Philippines, 2013
63
20 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience worrying about
food and province: Philippines, 2013
66
21 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of not having to
eat preferred foods and province: Philippines, 2013
69
22 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat
just a few kinds of foods and province: Philippines, 2013
72
23 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat
foods they really do not want to eat and province: Philippines, 2013
75
24 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat
smaller meal and province: Philippines, 2013
78
25 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat
fewer meals in a day and province: Philippines, 2013
81
26 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having no food
of any kind in the household and province: Philippines, 2013
84
27 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of going to sleep
hungry and province: Philippines, 2013
87
28 Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of going a whole
day and night without eating and province: Philippines, 2013
90
29 Mean dietary diversity score of households by wealth quintile and region:
Philippines, 2013
93
30 Questionnaires 97
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Food and Nutrition Research Institute
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Only three out of ten Filipino households can be considered food secure. While majority
(58.2%) of households did not or rarely worry about acquiring food, 25.3% of them had at least one
member who sacrificed the quantity of the foods they ate by reducing their food intake or had to eat
fewer meals in a day because there was not enough food in the household (10.7%). There were also a
few households who experienced not having enough food of any kind in the household (3.6%), who
had a member who felt hungry at bedtime (3.1%) and who had a member who did not eat anything for
the whole day and night due to lack of food (1.2%).
Among the regions, the National Capital Region was the most food secure (51.3%), followed
by the Cordillera Administrative Region and CALABARZON with 41.8% and 41.7%, respectively.
However, ARMM suffered the most from food insecurity with only one in ten households reported to
have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food at all times. ARMM also had the least varied diet
among the regions, consuming only five to eight food groups while majority of the regions consumed
nine to twelve different food groups for the past seven days.
As expected, food security was likely to be experienced among households who have non-
agriculture work (38.0%), are residing in urban areas (42.9%) and belonging to the highest wealth
quintile (72.1%). It was surprising that households headed by a female were significantly
more food secure (38.4%) compared to households headed by a male (32.9%) (p-value≤0.05).
Households belonging to the richest quintile had the most diverse diet with a mean score of
10.2 while the poorest households had an average of only 8.7 mean score; the latter also had the
highest percentage of households with “poor” food consumption (<28) based on the Food
Consumption Scores.
Cereals (99.5%), vegetables (98.6%), spices, condiments and beverages (96.1%) and fish and
other seafood (91.7%) generally comprise the diet of the Filipino households based on dietary
diversity score and these were usually purchased. Sweets, oils and fats, spices, condiments and
beverages and milk were the most purchased food items at 99.0%, 98.9%, 98.7% and 98.6%,
respectively. Some of the households (40.3%) still produced their own food such as dark green leafy
vegetables. Cagayan Valley (66.5%) and SOCCSKSARGEN (65.4%) had the highest percentage of
households who produce vegetables for their own consumption. Self-produced rice was consumed by
27.8% of households in Cagayan Valley and 27.0% in CAR.
Household food security is an essential measure of nutritional status and health and their
inability to obtain sufficient quantity of food is an important factor of their poverty.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Food security is defined by the World Food Summit (1996) as existing “when all people at all
times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.” The three
dimensions of food security are 1) food availability, or having enough food available on a consistent
basis; 2) food access, or having enough resources to acquire food; 3) food utilization based on
knowledge of basic nutrition and care and adequate water and sanitation (WHO, 2010)(Figure 1).
Household food security is an essential measure of nutritional status and health and their
inability to obtain sufficient quantity of food is an important factor of their poverty. The Philippines
has been actively participating in achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing extreme
poverty and hunger which lead to the creation and implementation of various programs addressing
this problem such as the Accelerating Hunger-Mitigation Program (AHMP) and the Conditional Cash
Transfer (CCT) Program or the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The percentage of
households considered food secure increased to 34.1% in 2013 from 30.7% in the 2011 Updating
Survey.
FNRI-DOST has been continuously conducting Food Security Surveys since 2001 to assess
the prevalence and magnitude of household food insecurity and household access to food.
Specifically, it also aims to describe foods consumed by the households in terms of type and quality
of their diets and characterize the distribution of food security by geographic region and wealth
quintile.
This monograph describes the results of the 8th National Nutrition Survey - Food Security
Component. FNRI had used the Radimer/Cornell tool to assess Food Insecurity from 2001-2011.
Although, the Radimer/Cornell tool was able to identify food insecure households, other dimensions
of food security were not measured. Thus, FNRI opted to use Household Food Insecurity Access
Scale (HFIAS) and Household Dietary Diversity and food frequency questionnaire using the Food
Consumption Score (FCS) upon the recommendation of and with support from the World Food
Programme (WFP).
Figure 1. Food security diagram
Food utilization
Nutritional value
Social value
Food safety
Food access
Affordability
Allocation
Preference
Food availability
Production
Distribution
Exchange
Adapted from Ingram, 2011
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The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was adapted from the approach used
to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity in the United States. Studies have shown that this
approach was feasible and useful in developing countries because it was strongly correlated with
common indicators of poverty and food consumption. From the eighteen questions in the U.S.
Household Food Security Survey Module (US HFSSM), the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance
(FANTA) and its partners identified nine (9) generic questions (See Table 9) that generally represent
the domains of household food insecurity and can be used to categorize the household based on the
severity of food insecurity, from food secure to severely food insecure. This provides information on
the prevalence and magnitude of food insecurity at the household level (Coates, et al., 2007).
The Household Dietary Diversity (HDD) and food frequency questionnaire assesses the
household‟s economic access to food while at the same time it describes the food access of
households in terms of type/variety, frequency and mechanism on how food was accessed (FNRI,
2013). The Food Consumption Score is the most commonly used indicator in the Comprehensive
Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis of the World Food Programme. This will represent the
dietary diversity and nutrient value of the food that the household eats and is based on the number of
food groups the household consumed over a period of time, the number of times a specific food group
is consumed and its relative nutritional importance (WFP, 2009).
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2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Sampling Design
The National Nutrition Survey covered 17 Regions and 80 provinces including NCR. The
2013 NNS used the Philippine Statistics Authority (formerly the National Statistics Office, NSO)
Master Sample which utilized the 2009 Labor Force Survey (LFS) Households.
The statistical design used was a multi-stage stratified sampling design. The first stage of the
sampling was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) which consisted of one barangay or
contiguous barangays with at least 500 households. The second stage was the selection of the
Enumeration Area (EA) which consisted of a contiguous area in a barangay with 150-200 households
and the last stage was the selection of the households in the sampled Enumeration Area that served as
the ultimate sampling unit. The samples were taken separately from the regions by urban and rural
stratum.
Overall, about 35,825 sample households were covered for the survey. The survey was
conducted from June 19 to December 4, 2013 and continued on February 16 to April 15, 2014.
The detailed sampling design and coverage is presented in the Overview of the 8th National
Nutrition Survey.
2.2. Scope and Coverage
For this component, all of the four (4) replicates of the master sample were covered with a
total of 39,253 eligible households, out of which 35,635 households were respondents for food
security. However, 62 households were not included for Household Dietary Diversity and Food
Frequency questionnaires since households who purchased and consumed food outside the home were
excluded. Therefore, only 35,573 households participated in the HDD and Food Frequency
questionnaires. Overall, the Food Security Survey had a 90.8% response rate as shown in Table 1. The
Ilocos region had the highest response rate (96.0%) while CAR had the lowest (88.4%).
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Table 1. Food Security: Eligibility and Response Rate
Region
Target
Households
(NSO List)
Eligible
(No. of
households)
%
Eligibility
Response
(No. of respondent
households)
%
Response
Philippines 45,047 39,253 87.1 35,635 90.8
NCR 5,193 4,330 83.4 3,448 79.6
CAR 1,850 1,658 89.6 1,466 88.4
I. Ilocos 2,507 2,304 91.9 2,212 96.0
II. Cagayan Valley 2,078 1,942 93.5 1,846 95.1
III. Central Luzon 3,649 3,244 88.9 2,964 91.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 4,532 3,943 87.0 3,448 87.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,899 1,694 89.2 1,558 92.0
V. Bicol 2,468 2,318 93.9 2,197 94.8
VI. Western Visayas 2,993 2,699 90.2 2,512 93.1
VII. Central Visayas 3,058 2,730 89.3 2,536 92.9
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,373 2,178 91.8 2,028 93.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,882 1,561 82.9 1,447 92.7
X. Northern Mindanao 2,040 1,824 89.4 1,730 94.8
XI. Davao 2,510 2,027 80.8 1,816 89.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 2,244 1,939 86.4 1,773 91.4
ARMM 1,884 1,166 61.9 1,084 93.0
Caraga 1,887 1,696 89.9 1,570 92.6
2.3. Survey Methods
Two sets of questionnaires were administered
through face-to-face interviews using the Data Collection
System (DCS) software installed in computer netbooks
(e-DCS) (See attached questionnaires in Appendix 30).
The respondent was the person responsible for
food preparation of the household in the previous day.
Collected data were checked for completeness and
correctness by the team leader before data was
transmitted to FNRI.
In the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) questionnaire, nine occurrence
questions were asked based on a 30-day recall period, followed up by probes on how often the
conditions were experienced by the household.
In the Household Dietary Diversity (HDD) questionnaire, the frequency of consumption of 16
food groups and the most commonly consumed food item per food group were asked using a 7-day
recall period. Foods included were those prepared and consumed in the home; or prepared in the home
and consumed outside; or purchased or gathered outside and consumed in the home. However, foods
both purchased and consumed outside the home were excluded. The primary source or way of
procuring of foods was also asked and categorized as follows: a) purchased/bought; b) own produce;
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c) hunted, fished or gathered; d) borrowed (when there is an intention to pay back the food in cash or
in kind); e) exchanged for labor (Food for Work); f) bartered (in exchange for another food item); g)
received as gift or as food aid; or h) given for free.
Probing questions were asked for special foods given to children or lactating/pregnant women
and for added foods such as sugar in tea, oil in mixed dishes or fried foods. If a mixed dish was eaten,
all the ingredients of the dish were asked and recorded.
2.4. Ethical Review
The project proposal entitled “8th National Nutrition Survey, Philippines 2013” was submitted
to the FNRI Institutional Ethics Review Committee (FNRI-IERC) for clearance on January 22, 2013
(See 8th
NNS Overview Monograph).
Written consent to participate in the 8th National Nutrition Survey was obtained from the
respondents and subjects (through the mother or guardian for children <10 years old and below) prior
to the interview and other measurements. The Informed Consent Form explained the background and
objectives of the survey, the data collection procedures, involved risks (any undesirable effect that
may result or invasion circumstances, e.g., expected duration of the interview with respondent) and
benefits of participation, confidentiality of information, option to withdraw without penalty or
consequences, and the respondent‟s written consent.
2.5. NSCB/PSA Review and Approval
The Philippine Statistics Authority also granted clearance for the 2013 National Nutrition
Survey on June 19, 2013 (See 8th NNS Overview Monograph).
2.6. Data Processing and Analysis
Data were cleaned and validated upon receipt and were analyzed using STATA version 12.
Different scoring and categories were used to gauge the level of food insecurity of the Filipino
households.
The HFIAS provides information on the prevalence and magnitude of food insecurity at
household level. The standard procedure for scoring is shown in Table 2; the total HFIAS score for
each household could range from 0 (food security) to 27 (maximum food insecurity). The higher the
score, the more food insecurity the household experienced (Coates et al., 2007).
Table 2. HFIAS Household Food Access Scoring
Frequency of Occurrence Scoring (pts.)
Never occurred (0 times) 0
Rarely (1-2 times) 1
Sometimes (3-10 times) 2
Often (>10 times) 3
*Reference period used was past 30 days.
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Table 3. Categories of food insecurity (access)1
Situation(s) experienced in the past month
Frequency
Rarely
1-2x
Sometimes
3-10x
Often
>10x
1. Worry about food
2. Unable to eat preferred foods
3. Eat just a few kinds of foods
4. Eat foods they really do not want to eat
5. Eat a smaller meal
6. Eat fewer meals in a day
7. No food of any kind in the household
8. Go to sleep hungry
9. Go a whole day and night without eating
Legend: Food Secure Mildly Moderately Severely
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale is categorized into four levels: food secure, mildly,
moderately and severely food insecure. The households increase their level of food insecurity when
they experience more severe conditions and experience them more frequently.
As illustrated in Table 3, a food secure household does not experience any of the conditions
or just rarely worries about food. A household becomes mildly food insecure if it sometimes or often
worries about food, and/or is unable to eat preferred foods, and/or rarely experiences having to eat
less varied foods, and/or eats foods they really do not want to eat. A moderately food insecure
household sacrifices food quality, as it sometimes or often eats a less varied diet and/or undesirable
foods, and starts to cut back on the quantity of foods by reducing the meal portion or the number of
meals, rarely or sometimes. But it does not experience the three most severe conditions. A severely
food insecure household often cuts back the quantity of foods and experiences the three most severe
conditions (running out of food, going to sleep hungry and not eating for the whole day). Any
household which experiences any of the three severe conditions is already considered severely food
insecure (Coates et al., 2007).
The Diet Diversity questionnaire provides a better understanding of the access of households
to various food items as well as the quality of food access in terms of diversity and food frequency
using the Food Consumption Score (FCS) which was developed by WFP.
1 Household Food Insecurity Access Scale Indicator Guide, v.3
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Twelve food groups were used to measure the diversity of food consumed by the household
and these were the following2:
2 Sources of images:
FNRI-DOST
Google images
Meat and Poultry
Milk and Milk Products
Oils and Fats Sugar and Honey Beverages, Spices and Condiments
Fish and other Seafood Legumes, Nuts and Seeds
Vegetables
Cereals
Eggs
Fruits
White Tubers and Roots
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The higher the diet diversity score, the more varied the diet and the higher the possibility that
different nutrients will be met because no single food could provide all nutrients needed by the body
(Nueva España, et al., 2014).
The FCS is a frequency-weighted diet diversity score calculated using the frequency of
consumption of different food groups consumed by a household during the seven days before the
survey. The WFP-FCS were calculated based on the diversity of household‟s consumption of nine
food groups - main staples, vegetables, fruits, meat and fish, oils, condiments, sugar, milk and pulses.
These were weighted according to the quality of nutrients that it brings to the diet, multiplied by the
frequency of consumption. This weighting gives more importance to foods such as meat and fish
because they have the highest quality protein, easily absorbable micronutrients; and gives lesser
importance to food such as sugar because it has only calories and is usually consumed in small
quantities.
To compute for the FCS, the frequency of consumption is multiplied by the weight assigned
to each specific food group as shown in Table 4. For example, for the past seven (7) days, the
household consumed rice and oil on a daily basis (7 days), consumed meat for three (3) days and
vegetables twice (2). These frequencies are multiplied by the corresponding weight of the food group,
and then these scores are summed into one composite score (Table 5). FCS can range from 0 to 12;
the maximum score implies that all food groups were consumed every day for the past seven days.
The composite score was then compared to the pre-established threshold that indicates the
household‟s food consumption status (Table 6).
Table 4. WFP-FCS standard food group and current standard weights
Food Items (examples)
Food groups
(Definitive)
Weight
(Definitive)
1
Rice, bread, noodles, biscuits, cookies or any rice
and cereal products like biko, suman (malagkit),
puto, noodles/pasta, porridge
(arrozcaldo/champorado) and others Main Staples 2
Cassava, potatoes and sweet potatoes, other
tubers and plantains
2
Beans, peas, lentils, nuts, seeds or foods made
from these like pork and beans, guisantes de lata
and others
Pulses 3
3 Vegetables, leaves Vegetables 1
4 Fruits Fruit 1
5 Beef, goat, poultry, eggs, fish and shellfish Meat and Fish 4
6 Milk, yogurt and other dairy Milk 4
7 Sugar and sugar products, honey Sugar 0.5
8 Oils, fats and butter Oil 0.5
9 Spices, tea, coffee, salt, fish powder, small
amounts of milk for tea Condiments 0
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Table 5. An example of a completed food consumption score template
Food Items (examples) Food groups
(Definitive)
Weight
(A)
Days
eaten in
past 7
days (B)
Score A x B
1
Rice, bread, noodles, biscuits, cookies or
any rice and cereal products like biko,
suman (malagkit), puto, noodles/pasta,
porridge (arrozcaldo/champorado) and
others
Main Staples 2 7 14
Cassava, potatoes and sweet potatoes,
other tubers and plantains
2
Beans, peas, lentils, nuts, seeds or foods
made from these like pork and beans,
guisantes de lata and others
Pulses 3 0 0
3 Vegetables, leaves Vegetables 1 2 2
4 Fruits Fruit 1 0 0
5 Beef, goat, poultry, eggs, fish and shellfish Meat and Fish 4 3 12
6 Milk, yogurt and other dairy Milk 4 0 0
7 Sugar and sugar products, honey Sugar 0.5 0 0
8 Oils, fats and butter Oil 0.5 7 3.5
9 Spices, tea, coffee, salt, fish powder, small
amounts of milk for tea Condiments 0 0 0
Composite Score 26
Households with scores below 28 are considered to have poor food consumption. Those with
scores between 28 and 42 have borderline food consumption while scores above 42 were considered
as acceptable food consumption (Table 6).
Table 6. WFP Food Consumption Scores
Score Food Consumption Groups
0-28 ‘Poor Food Consumption’
>28 to <42 ‘Borderline Food Consumption’
>42 ‘Acceptable Food Consumption’
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3. RESULTS
3. 1. Food Security Status of Households
Food Security, as defined by World Food Summit 1996, is the access by all people at all times
to enough food for an active, healthy life. Food security includes at a minimum: (1) the ready
availability of nutritionally-adequate and safe foods and (2) an assured ability to acquire foods in
socially acceptable ways (e.g., without resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing or
other coping strategies).
Three out of ten Filipino households were found to be food secure. Likewise, 3 out of 10
households who are moderately food insecure sacrifice quality more frequently by eating monotonous
diets or undesired foods sometimes or often and/or have started to reduce the size or number of meals,
rarely or sometimes. On the other hand, 16.7% of the households were severely food insecure –
meaning they ran out of food, went to bed hungry, or went a whole day and night without eating, at
least once in the last 30 days (Table 7).
Table 7. Percentage distribution of households by food security status and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Food Security Status
Food
Secure
Mildly
Food
Insecure
Moderately
Food
Insecure
Severely
Food
Insecure
Philippines 35,635 34.1 15.1 34.1 16.7
NCR 3,448 51.3 16.3 22.9 9.5
CAR 1,466 41.8 17.7 29.1 11.4
I. Ilocos 2,212 27.5 17.7 38.8 16.0
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 39.1 16.0 31.7 13.2
III. Central Luzon 2,964 34.8 19.0 31.5 14.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 41.7 16.3 28.2 13.8
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 26.8 14.0 35.6 23.7
V. Bicol 2,197 24.4 14.5 44.6 16.6
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 33.0 14.7 35.8 16.5
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 37.7 15.0 34.1 13.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 19.1 12.2 43.4 25.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,447 21.4 12.0 41.9 24.7
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 23.0 11.1 42.2 23.7
XI. Davao 1,816 27.2 12.4 39.9 20.5
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,773 24.3 11.7 38.5 25.5
ARMM 1,084 11.5 7.5 37.8 43.1
Caraga 1,570 23.3 12.5 46.9 17.3
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Among the regions, the NCR had the most food secure households (51.3%) (Figure 2). On the
other hand, ARMM had the highest percentage of households who experienced severe food insecurity
(43.1%) (Table 7). The high rates of food insecurity being experienced by the households in ARMM
may be partly attributed to the on-going conflict in the said region. On the other hand, fairly high rates
of moderate food insecurity can be seen in Caraga (46.9%), Bicol (44.6%) and Eastern Visayas
(43.4%) (Table 7) regions often subject to natural calamities.
Figure 2. Percentage of food secure households by region: Philippines, 2013
Looking at the socio-demographic characteristics of the households, it was noted that
households with a female head were more food secure (38.4%) compared to households headed by
males (32.9%). As expected, those with households heads whose occupations were not involved with
agriculture and were residing in urban areas experienced less food insecurity. There was an inverse
relationship between food security and wealth quintile; those belonging to the poorest (88.8%)
quintile experienced the most food insecurity while the richest the least (27.9%). The wide gap in the
percentage of households considered food secure between the richest and the poorest quintile (60.9
percentage point) was found to be significant (p-value≤0.05). Smaller households (<5) were found to
be more food secure than larger households (Table 8 and Figure 3).
0 10 20 30 40 50
Caraga
ARMM
SOCCSKSARGEN
Davao
Northern Mindanao
Zamboanga Peninsula
Eastern Visayas
Central Visayas
Western Visayas
Bicol
MIMAROPA
CALABARZON
Central Luzon
Cagayan Valley
Ilocos
CAR
NCR
Philippines
23.3
11.5
24.3
27.2
23.0
21.4
19.1
37.7
33.0
24.4
26.8
41.7
34.8
39.1
27.5
41.8
51.3
34.1
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Table 8. Percentage distribution of households by food security status and socio-demographic:
Philippines, 2013 (n=35,635)
Food Security Status
Food Secure
Mildly Food Insecure
Moderately Food
Insecure
Severely Food
Insecure
Philippines 34.1 15.1 34.1 16.7
HH Size
>5 26.8 14.0 38.5 20.6
<5 37.8 15.6 31.8 14.7
Place of Residence
Rural 25.0 14.9 40.0 20.0
Urban 42.9 15.3 28.4 13.5
Wealth Quintile
Poorest 11.2 10.7 43.1 35.0
Poor 17.6 14.7 44.6 23.1
Middle 25.7 16.9 42.2 15.3
Rich 44.0 19.4 28.7 7.9
Richest 72.1 13.8 11.9 2.2
Gender of HH Head
Male 32.9 15.2 35.1 16.8
Female 38.4 14.7 30.6 16.3
Occupation of HH Head
Non-Agriculture* 38.0 15.9 32.0 14.0
Agriculture 19.6 13.7 43.1 23.6
*No occupation not included
Figure 3. Percentage of households considered food secure by socio-demographic: Philippines, 2013
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Richest
Rich
Middle
Poor
Poorest
Agriculture
Non-Agriculture
Rural
Urban
Female HH Head
Male HH Head
72.1
44.0
25.7
17.6
11.2
19.6
38.0
25.0
42.9
38.4
32.9 Gender
of Household Head
Place of Residence
Occupation of Household Head
Wealth Quintile
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Households who experienced food insecurity based on the 9 occurrence questions are
classified in Table 9. More than half (58.2%) of the households did not or rarely worry about
acquiring food during the past month. Eastern Visayas and Zamboanga Peninsula (both with 26.7%)
often worry about food the most compared with other regions (Appendix 20). About 4 in 10
households are sometimes or often not able to eat their preferred food. The preference could be in the
form of food, type of staple or quality of the food and it may or may not be related to nutrition quality.
Regions who were unable to eat preferred foods frequently were Zamboanga Peninsula (58.9%),
ARMM (56.9%) and Eastern Visayas (55.5%), (Appendix 21).
Three in 10 households ate a limited variety of foods due to lack of resources. More than half
(52.2%) of the households in Zamboanga Peninsula had to eat a monotonous diet because they had no
money or the ability to grow or trade for food. It was closely followed by ARMM (51.1%), Eastern
Visayas and Northern Mindanao (both with 50.7%). However, 62.4% of the households in NCR did
not experience this incidence (Appendix 22).
About 30.0% of Filipino households had to eat undesirable food because of lack of resources.
These are foods or food preparations that are consumed only during hard times. This scenario was
most frequently felt in the regions of Eastern Visayas (45.5%) and ARMM (45.0%), (Appendix 23).
In terms of quantity of food, 25.3% of the households had a member that had to reduce his/her food
intake because there was not enough food and 10.7% had a member who had to eat fewer meals than
the number typically eaten in the household (Table 9). These incidences were greatly felt in ARMM at
48.1% and 30.0%, respectively (Appendix 24 and 25).
Only 3.6% of the households experienced not having food of any kind in the household.
Among the regions, ARMM experienced this scenario the most at 10.5%, wherein food was not
available to household members through the households‟ usual means; it was followed by
MIMAROPA (8.1%) and Eastern Visayas (7.1%), (Appendix 26).
Three in 100 households had members who felt hungry at bedtime and one in 100 households
had a member who did not ate anything for the whole day and night due to lack of food (Table 9).
These scenarios were experienced the most in ARMM (10.6% and 3.3%, respectively), MIMAROPA
(6.1% and 3.4%, respectively) and Eastern Visayas (6.1% and 2.6%, respectively), (Appendix 27 and
28). Households which experienced any of the last three conditions even once for the past month were
already considered severely food insecure.
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Table 9. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of food insecurity experience:
Philippines, 2013 (n=35,635)
Occurrence Questions
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, Rare
Yes, Sometimes
Yes, Often
1. You worry that your household would not have
enough food. 36.5 21.7 25.5 16.4
2. Any household member not able to eat the kinds
of foods you prefer because of lack of resources. 39.7 21.7 25.3 13.3
3. Household member has to eat a limited variety
of foods due to lack of resources. 45.7 19.9 23.4 10.9
4. Any household member had to eat some foods
that you really did not want to eat because of lack
of resources to obtain other types of food.
52.5 18.9 20.3 8.4
5. Any household member had to eat a smaller meal
than you felt you needed because there was not
enough food.
57.0 17.7 18.1 7.2
6. Any other household member had to eat fewer
meals in a day because there was not enough food. 78.0 11.3 7.9 2.8
7. No food of any kind in your household because of
lack of resources to get food. 90.0 6.4 2.8 0.8
8. Any household member goes to sleep at night
hungry because there was not enough food. 91.7 5.2 2.4 0.7
9. Any household member goes a whole day and
night without eating anything because there was
not enough food
96.1 2.7 0.9 0.3
Over time, there is an improvement in the percentage of household considered food secure.
However, 2/3 of the Filipino population is still food insecure. Note that a different tool and a different
reference period were used in the previous surveys (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Percentage of households considered food secure3: Philippines, 2001-2013
3 Reference period for food security
2001-2003: past 6 months, Radimer/Cornell Tool 2008-2011: past 3 months, Radimer/Cornell Tool
2013: past month (30 days), HFIAS
15.6
23.0
27.3
30.7
34.1
0
10
20
30
40
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
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3.2. Household Dietary Diversity Using Dietary Diversity Score
Dietary diversity is the number of different food groups consumed by the household for the
past seven days. It assesses household‟s access to food in terms of: a.) type/variety; b.) frequency of
consumption; and c.) mechanisms on how food was accessed or secured.
Figure 5 and Table 10 show that majority of the households in all regions consume nine to ten
different kinds of food per week as indicated by the national mean dietary diversity score (DDS) of
9.5. Among the regions, NCR had the highest DDS (10.0) followed by Cagayan Valley (9.7), Central
Visayas (9.7), and Bicol (9.6). However, ARMM (7.9) exhibited the lowest mean DDS followed by
MIMAROPA (9.0).
Figure 5. Mean dietary diversity score by region: Philippines, 2013
Table 10. Mean dietary diversity score by region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Dietary Diversity Score
Mean Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval]
LL UL
Philippines 35,573 9.5 0.0 9.4 9.5
NCR 3,439 10.0 0.0 9.9 10.1
CAR 1,462 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
I. Ilocos 2,211 9.6 0.1 9.5 9.8
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 9.7 0.1 9.5 9.9
III. Central Luzon 2,953 9.5 0.1 9.4 9.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 9.3 0.1 9.2 9.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 9.0 0.1 8.8 9.1
V. Bicol 2,189 9.6 0.1 9.5 9.7
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 9.4 0.1 9.3 9.6
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 9.7 0.1 9.5 9.8
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 9.1 0.1 8.9 9.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
XI. Davao 1,812 9.5 0.1 9.4 9.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
ARMM 1,080 7.9 0.2 7.6 8.2
Caraga 1,565 9.5 0.1 9.4 9.7
9.5 10.0
9.3 9.6 9.7 9.5 9.3 9.0 9.6 9.4 9.7
9.1 9.3 9.3 9.5 9.3
7.9
9.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
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Based on a weekly recall, Filipino household diets were composed mainly of 1) cereals,
which include rice, bread, noodles, biscuits, cookies or any rice and cereal products; 2) vegetables,
including those that are rich in vitamin A, dark and green leafy vegetables and other vegetables even
wild vegetables like rattan shoots; and 3) beverages, spices and condiments, including coffee, tea,
alcoholic beverages, salt, pepper, soy sauce and the like. These three food groups were seen on the
tables of the households almost daily (Figure 6). Some days of the week, the household ate 4) fish and
other seafood, which includes fresh, dried and processed forms like canned sardines, tuyo (dried fish),
dinaing (marinated fish) and tinapa (smoked fish); 5) oils, fats and butter that were added to food or
used for cooking; 6) sweets like sugar, candies, honey, sweetened soda, chocolates and the like; 7)
fruits that are rich in vitamin A and other fruits including wild fruits such as sapinit (wild raspberry),
bangkoro and bignay; 8) eggs, either fresh or pickled; and 9) meats that are either fresh (beef, lamb,
pork, chicken, duck) or processed (hotdog, tocino, longganisa, etc.). The lowest intakes belonged to
10) milk and its products (cheese, ice cream, yogurt, etc.); 11) white tubers and roots, including sweet
potatoes, potatoes cassava and foods made from this group like French fries, pitsi-pitsi and camote
cue; and 12) legumes, nuts and seeds like beans, peas, lentils and processed foods made from these
such as canned beans and guisantes de lata.
Figure 6. Percentage of households consuming the 12 food groups of the HDDS: Philippines, 2013
Based on the regional distribution of intakes (Table 11), almost all households consume
cereals (99.5) while the food group least consumed was legumes, nuts and seeds (about 4 out of 10
households). ARMM was the lowest consumer of the latter food group (20.6). White tubers and roots,
milk and milk products on the other hand were consumed by about 5 in every 10 households. The
most commonly consumed food groups next to cereals were vegetables (98.6), and spices, condiments
and beverages (96.1). ARMM had the lowest intake of almost all of the food groups.
96.1
84.1
91.2
51.8
38.9
91.7
82.8
80.8
83.2
98.6
48.5
99.5
0 20 40 60 80 100
Spices, condiments, bev.
Sweets
Oils and fats
Milk and milk products
Legumes, nuts and seeds
Fish and other seafood
Eggs
Meat
Fruits
Vegetables
White tubers and roots
Cereals
Table 11. Percentage of households consuming the 12 food groups of the HDDS: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Dietary Diversity Food Group
Cereals
White
tubers
and roots
Vegetables Fruits Meat Eggs
Fish and
other
seafood
Legumes,
nuts and
seeds
Milk and
milk
products
Oils
and
fats
Sweets
Spices,
condiments
beverages
Philippines 35,573 99.5 48.5 98.6 83.2 80.8 82.8 91.7 38.9 51.8 91.2 84.1 96.1
NCR 3,439 99.9 59.6 98.8 87.7 93.4 89.5 94.6 37.8 61.1 93.3 82.9 97.8
CAR 1,462 99.5 52.7 98.5 80.4 81.3 79.3 79.0 49.8 48.0 86.9 81.3 92.3
I. Ilocos 2,211 99.7 49.7 99.6 77.9 87.0 87.5 91.6 47.2 48.2 91.4 85.5 96.6
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 99.5 43.5 99.3 87.3 85.4 82.1 87.8 60.1 48.2 91.8 87.7 95.3
III. Central Luzon 2,953 99.5 44.6 98.3 83.5 90.0 89.4 89.3 33.4 49.9 93.3 84.5 97.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 98.7 44.0 97.6 82.4 85.1 84.3 89.3 37.5 52.2 89.1 75.3 92.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 99.1 39.9 98.3 81.7 63.4 74.6 91.0 36.4 45.1 87.5 84.2 94.0
V. Bicol 2,189 99.3 51.5 99.0 87.4 73.3 77.3 94.2 37.1 55.6 94.0 93.3 98.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 99.6 42.6 98.8 78.8 78.8 81.7 95.9 42.9 56.6 88.3 81.7 97.6
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 99.3 47.0 99.5 83.8 80.3 80.4 90.0 53.0 57.4 92.2 84.5 97.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 99.9 47.6 98.1 79.3 66.8 70.6 94.7 26.4 45.1 90.7 91.3 97.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 99.9 53.1 99.0 83.8 70.6 77.7 95.6 34.0 45.6 90.5 81.4 96.8
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 99.2 51.1 99.4 85.4 74.5 83.1 90.7 35.5 52.4 88.9 80.0 90.2
XI. Davao 1,812 99.5 45.8 99.4 84.0 78.2 83.8 94.2 33.5 48.1 95.3 90.2 97.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 99.2 45.8 99.6 83.2 71.8 78.8 91.4 37.2 42.6 93.3 89.1 96.3
ARMM 1,080 100.0 49.2 88.7 70.5 36.1 63.2 84.6 20.6 22.3 79.2 84.5 89.8
Caraga 1,565 99.7 52.5 99.4 81.5 75.7 80.6 95.0 31.7 52.6 92.0 93.2 98.3
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Table 12. Summary of food groups consumed by rank according to the frequency of consumption:
Philippines, 2013
To assess the dietary diversity of the households, the food groups were ranked according to
the frequency of consumption and were divided into three categories (Table 12). Generally, there
were four (4) types of food groups that were frequently present in the households‟ diet – the staples,
vegetables, fish, beverage, condiments and spices. Households consuming only these four (4) food
groups were classified as having poor food consumption. As the diet varies, oils, sweets, fruits and
eggs were added (yellow highlight) and the household is deemed to have borderline food
consumption. Meats, Milk, Tubers and Legumes were added to the list as the diet diversity increases;
households consuming at least nine (9) food groups are considered to have acceptable food
consumption.
Table 13 presents the percentage distribution of households per region by the three categories
of DDS. For the entire Philippines, on average, 7 out of 10 households consumed 9 to 12 different
food groups every week. This meant that most households had a relatively varied diet and therefore,
had acceptable food consumption. NCR had the most varied diet among the regions with 83.6% of
households consuming 9-12 food groups weekly. A high percentage of households with varied diets
can also be seen in Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Bicol, Western and Central Visayas,
Davao, SOCCSKSARGEN and Caraga. Households in ARMM (55.4%), on the other hand, tend to
consume 5 to 8 food groups only. Their diets were lower in quality considering that only fish and eggs
were the main sources of protein. Few households in ARMM consumed meat, milk, legumes, nuts and
seeds and white tubers and roots which are rich in energy, proteins and micronutrients.
Dietary Diversity Score Food Groups
Consuming 1-4 groups Consuming 5-8 groups Consuming 9-12 groups
Staples Staples Staples
Vegetables Vegetables Vegetables
Fish Fish Fish
Beverages, condiments,
spices
Beverages, condiments,
spices
Beverages, condiments,
spices
Oils Oils
Sweets Sweets
Fruits Fruits
Eggs Eggs
Meat
Milk
Tubers
Legumes
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Department of Science and Technology
Table 13. Percentage distribution of households by dietary diversity score category: Philippines, 2013
Region n Dietary Diversity Score Category
1 to 4 Group 5 to 8 Group 9 to 12 Group
Philippines 35,573 1.1 25.5 73.4
NCR 3,439 0.2 16.2 83.6
CAR 1,462 2.8 28.0 69.2
I. Ilocos 2,211 0.4 25.4 74.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 2.4 19.4 78.2
III. Central Luzon 2,953 0.5 23.3 76.2
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 2.3 28.3 69.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 1.7 36.2 62.2
V. Bicol 2,189 0.4 23.9 75.7
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 0.9 26.9 72.3
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 0.8 21.8 77.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 0.8 34.9 64.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 1.3 29.4 69.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 1.4 29.7 69.0
XI. Davao 1,812 1.0 23.0 76.0
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 1.1 28.2 70.7
ARMM 1,080 6.0 55.4 38.6
Caraga 1,565 0.5 25.9 73.7
Figure 7. Percentage distribution of households by dietary diversity score category: Philippines, 2013
0.5
6.0
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.3
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.4
1.7
2.3
0.5
2.4
0.4
2.8
0.2
1.1
0 10 20
Caraga
ARMM
SOCCSKSARGEN
Davao
Northern Mindanao
Zamboanga Peninsula
Eastern Visayas
Central Visayas
Western Visayas
Bicol
MIMAROPA
CALABARZON
Central Luzon
Cagayan Valley
Ilocos
CAR
NCR
Philippines
1 to 4 Groups
25.9
55.4
28.2
23.0
29.7
29.4
34.9
21.8
26.9
23.9
36.2
28.3
23.3
19.4
25.4
28.0
16.2
25.5
0 20 40 60
5 to 8 Groups
73.7
38.6
70.7
76.0
69.0
69.3
64.3
77.4
72.3
75.7
62.2
69.5
76.2
78.2
74.3
69.2
83.6
73.4
0 20 40 60 80 100
9 to 12 Groups
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ARMM stands out among the regions in the proportion of households consuming 1 – 4 and 5
– 8 food groups and lags behind in consuming 9 – 12 food groups. Thus, ARMM is considered to
have poor to borderline food consumption while the other regions had borderline to acceptable food
consumption.
Diet diversity score (DDS) was inversely proportional with wealth (Figure 8). Among the
wealth quintiles, households belonging to the richest quintile had the most diverse diet with a mean
score of 10.2 while the poorest quintile had a mean score of 8.7. Households in the poorest quintile
would be more at-risk for undernutrition having lower diet quality.
Figure 8. Mean dietary diversity score of households by wealth quintile: Philippines, 2013
8.7 9.2
9.5 9.8
10.2
2
4
6
8
10
12
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
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3.3 Household Food Consumption Using Food Consumption Score
For the household food consumption, the household meal planner was asked to recall the
kinds and frequency of food consumed during the previous seven (7) days. This entailed remembering
how many days the household ate each of the different food groups and what the main sources of
these foods were. In the calculation of FCS, the nine food groups were weighted according to their
nutritional density (WFP, 2008).
At the national level, the most consumed food groups were the main staples (99.7%); the
staples group includes rice, bread, noodles, biscuits, cookies or any rice and cereal products like
glutinous rice and porridge, corn, as well as, root tubers like cassava, potatoes, sweet potatoes and
plantains. This group was followed by meat and fish (99.1%), vegetables (98.6 %), condiments
(96.1%) and oil (91.2%); while the least consumed food groups are milk (51.8%) and pulses (38.9%)
(Figure 9). Results also showed that Cagayan Valley and Ilocos region had the highest intake of
pulses and vegetables, respectively. ARMM had the lowest intake of all food groups except for sugar
and main staples. NCR stands out as the main consumer of fruits, milk, meat and fish (Table 14).
Figure 9. Percentage of households consuming the 9 food groups of the FCS: Philippines, 2013
38.9
51.8
83.2
84.1
91.2
96.1
98.6
99.1
99.7
0 20 40 60 80 100
Pulses
Milk
Fruits
Sugar
Oil
Condiments
Vegetables
Meat and Fish
Main Staples
Table 14. Percentage of households consuming the 9 food groups of the FCS: Philippines, 2013
Region n Food Groups
Main Staples Pulses Vegetables Fruits Meat and Fish Milk Sugar Oil Condiments
Philippines 35,573 99.7 38.9 98.6 83.2 99.1 51.8 84.1 91.2 96.1
NCR 3,439 99.9 37.8 98.8 87.7 99.8 61.1 82.9 93.3 97.8
CAR 1,462 99.7 49.8 98.5 80.4 96.5 48.0 81.3 86.9 92.3
I. Ilocos 2,211 99.8 47.2 99.6 77.9 99.7 48.2 85.5 91.4 96.6
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 99.7 60.1 99.3 87.3 98.3 48.2 87.7 91.8 95.3
III. Central Luzon 2,953 99.6 33.4 98.3 83.5 99.6 49.9 84.5 93.3 97.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 99.3 37.5 97.6 82.4 99.4 52.2 75.3 89.1 92.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 99.5 36.4 98.3 81.7 97.7 45.1 84.2 87.5 94.0
V. Bicol 2,189 99.8 37.1 99.0 87.4 99.1 55.6 93.3 94.0 98.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 99.7 42.9 98.8 78.8 99.5 56.6 81.7 88.3 97.6
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 99.6 53.0 99.5 83.8 99.4 57.4 84.5 92.2 97.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 99.9 26.4 98.1 79.3 99.3 45.1 91.3 90.7 97.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 99.9 34.0 99.0 83.8 99.4 45.6 81.4 90.5 96.8
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 99.7 35.5 99.4 85.4 98.3 52.4 80.0 88.9 90.2
XI. Davao 1,812 99.8 33.5 99.4 84.0 98.6 48.1 90.2 95.3 97.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 99.5 37.2 99.6 83.2 97.7 42.6 89.1 93.3 96.3
ARMM 1,080 100.0 20.6 88.7 70.5 94.1 22.3 84.5 79.2 89.8
Caraga 1,565 99.9 31.7 99.4 81.5 99.3 52.6 93.2 92.0 98.3
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Table 15. Mean days of frequency of consumption of the 9 food groups of the FCS by region: Philippines, 2013
Region n Food Groups
Main Staples Pulses Vegetables Fruits Meat and Fish Milk Sugar Oil Condiments
Philippines 35,573 6.9 1.9 5.8 4.2 6.2 5.4 6.2 5.1 6.4
NCR 3,439 7.0 1.6 5.6 4.4 6.7 5.6 6.1 5.5 6.4
CAR 1,462 7.0 2.2 5.9 4.3 5.5 5.2 6.1 5.3 6.3
I. Ilocos 2,211 7.0 1.8 6.2 3.9 6.1 5.3 6.2 4.7 6.4
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 7.0 2.0 6.1 4.8 5.8 5.5 6.4 5.5 6.5
III. Central Luzon 2,953 6.8 1.6 5.5 4.1 6.5 5.2 6.3 5.5 6.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 6.9 1.8 5.4 4.3 6.3 5.2 5.9 5.5 5.8
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 6.9 1.9 5.8 4.4 5.9 5.4 6.3 4.9 6.2
V. Bicol 2,189 7.0 1.8 5.5 4.4 5.9 5.6 6.5 4.8 6.5
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 7.0 2.0 6.2 4.4 6.3 5.8 6.2 5.0 6.5
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 7.0 2.2 6.4 4.3 6.1 5.4 6.1 5.2 6.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 7.0 1.9 5.5 3.8 6.0 5.1 6.3 4.3 6.5
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 7.0 2.2 6.1 3.9 6.0 5.1 5.9 4.5 6.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 6.9 2.2 6.2 4.2 6.0 5.0 5.8 4.8 6.1
XI. Davao 1,812 7.0 1.9 6.3 4.0 6.1 5.5 6.2 4.9 6.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 6.9 1.9 6.4 4.3 5.8 5.4 6.4 4.7 6.6
ARMM 1,080 6.8 2.1 5.3 3.5 4.9 4.8 6.2 4.4 6.2
Caraga 1,565 7.0 1.8 5.9 3.9 6.2 5.5 6.2 4.5 6.5
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The food group most frequently consumed by almost all regions was main staples which were
eaten almost every day (6.9 days). Condiments, beverages and spices were second (6.4 days), followed
by meat and fish (6.2 days) and sugar (6.2 days). Consumption of vegetables was more frequent than
milk and oil followed by fruits among all regions at 5.8, 5.4, 5.0, and 4.2, respectively. Pulses were
least often consumed (1.9 days) (Table 15).
Procurement of Foods by region
Majority of the households purchased or bought the food they consumed for the past seven
days. A far second means of procurement was own-production. Very few households reported getting
food by other means (given/through food aid/ etc). The most frequently purchased items were Sweets
(99%), Oils and Fats (98.9%), Spices, Condiments and Beverages (98.7%) and Milk and Milk Products
(98.6%). Vegetables and fruits, and to a more limited extent, rice, were the food items that came from
the household‟s own production and were consumed rather than sold for cash.
Figure 10. Percentage distribution of households by source of foods consumed: Philippines, 2013
The tables presented below shows how the sixteen (16) food groups were acquired by the
Filipino households in each region. In general, households had access to food through purchasing or
buying the food they consumed in the past seven days. The food groups such as main staples, meat and
fish, eggs, milk and products and condiments were accessed by majority of the households (80% and
above) through buying/purchasing. On the other hand, dark leafy vegetables were own-produced by
more than 40% (Figure10) of households in the country.
A minority, 27.8% of households in Cagayan Valley and 27 % in CAR, produce their own rice
for personal consumption (Table 16). In Central Luzon, which has been called as the Rice Granary of
the Philippines, very few (7.0%) households produce rice for their own consumption and majority
(89.9%) bought it. Cagayan Valley (66.5% and 39.7%) and SOCCSKSARGEN (65.4% and 39.9%) had
0 20 40 60 80 100
Spices, Condiments and Beverages
Sweets
Oils and Fats
Milk and Milk Products
Legumes, Nuts and Seeds
Fish and shellfish
Eggs
Organ Meats (Iron-rich)
Meats
Other Fruits
Vitamin A-Rich Fruits
Other Vegetables
Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
White Tubers and Roots
Vitamin A-Rich Vegetables and Tubers
Cereals
Purchase/Bought Own produce Given/Free Others
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the highest percentages of households who produce their own dark leafy vegetables and other
vegetables for home consumption (Tables 19 & 20).
This pattern of low consumption of own-produced foods implies that households are dependent
on market forces for their food supply. Hence, they may be less resilient when external food sources
fluctuate and may be vulnerable to transient, if not chronic, food insecurity.
Table 16. Percentage distribution of households consuming cereals by source and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 35,380 88.2 9.1 1.7 1.0
NCR 3,434 98.1 0.3 1.3 0.4
CAR 1,455 68.7 27.0 2.9 1.4
I. Ilocos 2,204 83.1 13.7 2.0 1.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,837 67.0 27.8 2.5 2.7
III. Central Luzon 2,938 89.9 7.0 2.3 0.9
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,383 94.4 4.1 1.1 0.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,545 86.6 11.3 1.3 0.8
V. Bicol 2,173 88.4 9.8 1.4 0.4
VI. Western Visayas 2,503 78.6 15.9 2.7 2.9
VII. Central Visayas 2,519 87.5 9.9 1.8 0.8
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,030 88.9 9.0 1.4 0.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,452 81.6 15.9 1.8 0.7
X. Northern Mindanao 1,709 88.8 7.9 2.0 1.3
XI. Davao 1,803 89.1 7.9 1.7 1.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,754 85.4 10.9 2.3 1.4
ARMM 1,080 88.1 9.1 1.6 1.2
Caraga 1,561 86.3 11.7 1.0 1.1
Table 17. Percentage distribution of households consuming vitamin A-rich vegetables and tubers by source
and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 25,650 83.6 12.3 3.5 0.6
NCR 2,681 97.9 0.2 1.7 0.2
CAR 984 66.8 27.3 5.4 0.6
I. Ilocos 1,667 86.1 9.4 4.1 0.6
II. Cagayan Valley 1,314 77.1 18.0 4.3 0.6
III. Central Luzon 2,187 89.8 5.4 4.4 0.5
IV-A. CALABARZON 2,405 89.6 6.8 2.7 0.9
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,008 76.7 17.4 4.9 0.9
V. Bicol 1,439 81.6 12.9 5.1 0.5
VI. Western Visayas 1,883 75.7 20.2 3.7 0.4
VII. Central Visayas 2,087 79.9 17.1 2.2 0.8
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,280 86.8 9.2 3.4 0.5
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,016 70.3 26.1 3.3 0.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,209 75.0 18.9 5.2 1.0
XI. Davao 1,453 75.9 19.7 3.7 0.7
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,433 65.8 26.7 5.6 1.9
ARMM 502 61.4 29.7 7.8 1.1
Caraga 1,102 83.3 14.7 1.6 0.4
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Table 18. Percentage distribution of households consuming white tubers and roots by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 17,135 76.5 18.0 4.6 0.9
NCR 2,049 97.7 0.3 2.0 0.1
CAR 762 60.0 31.9 7.4 0.7
I. Ilocos 1,096 80.9 13.6 4.4 1.1
II. Cagayan Valley 802 63.9 29.1 5.8 1.2
III. Central Luzon 1,315 89.5 5.6 3.9 1.0
IV-A. CALABARZON 1,520 86.5 9.1 3.3 1.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 612 57.9 33.9 6.2 2.0
V. Bicol 1,127 64.1 28.6 6.0 1.3
VI. Western Visayas 1,067 71.7 23.0 5.1 0.2
VII. Central Visayas 1,190 74.4 21.8 3.1 0.6
VIII. Eastern Visayas 973 59.0 30.2 10.0 0.8
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 773 54.9 39.4 5.5 0.3
X. Northern Mindanao 874 64.5 28.9 5.5 1.1
XI. Davao 817 67.3 26.2 5.3 1.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 808 57.2 33.1 7.6 2.1
ARMM 526 53.9 34.4 8.2 3.6
Caraga 824 61.1 31.2 7.1 0.7
Table 19. Percentage distribution of households consuming dark green leafy vegetables by source and
region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 33,135 52.3 40.3 4.9 2.5
NCR 3,163 95.9 1.7 1.9 0.5
CAR 1,351 43.4 48.5 4.4 3.6
I. Ilocos 2,110 38.0 52.7 5.5 3.7
II. Cagayan Valley 1,731 23.9 66.5 6.5 3.1
III. Central Luzon 2,656 58.9 31.4 7.2 2.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 2,956 65.9 24.9 5.4 3.8
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,404 29.9 59.7 6.0 4.5
V. Bicol 2,054 38.6 51.5 7.0 3.0
VI. Western Visayas 2,421 45.6 48.9 4.4 1.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,473 46.8 47.3 3.7 2.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,883 34.5 54.7 7.6 3.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,410 36.1 59.0 2.6 2.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,656 40.7 52.5 4.3 2.6
XI. Davao 1,753 40.2 54.1 3.1 2.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,726 26.2 65.4 5.7 2.7
ARMM 882 34.3 52.2 8.9 4.6
Caraga 1,506 37.0 57.4 4.5 1.1
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Table 20. Percentage distribution of households consuming other vegetables by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 29,835 74.2 21.4 3.3 1.1
NCR 2,954 97.8 0.3 1.7 0.2
CAR 1,170 58.8 36.7 2.6 2.0
I. Ilocos 2,089 65.5 26.8 5.2 2.5
II. Cagayan Valley 1,713 55.0 39.7 3.4 1.9
III. Central Luzon 2,640 79.2 14.8 5.1 0.9
IV-A. CALABARZON 2,777 83.8 11.7 3.3 1.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,265 61.0 33.7 3.4 1.9
V. Bicol 1,856 71.9 23.4 3.9 0.9
VI. Western Visayas 2,151 66.3 29.1 3.5 1.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,172 70.3 25.8 2.5 1.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,462 72.6 23.3 3.4 0.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,165 63.7 34.4 1.6 0.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,411 66.0 30.2 3.1 0.7
XI. Davao 1,592 65.4 30.8 2.6 1.2
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,586 53.9 39.9 4.2 2.1
ARMM 627 54.3 37.0 5.8 3.0
Caraga 1,285 72.2 25.8 1.5 0.5
Table 21. Percentage distribution of households consuming vitamin A-rich fruits by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 17,903 72.9 20.0 5.7 1.5
NCR 2,252 95.6 0.8 3.4 0.2
CAR 722 58.3 33.9 6.7 1.1
I. Ilocos 1,009 66.1 25.1 6.7 2.1
II. Cagayan Valley 1,061 50.0 38.7 8.6 2.8
III. Central Luzon 1,452 76.0 14.5 7.7 1.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 1,922 75.8 16.6 5.6 2.0
IV-B. MIMAROPA 801 44.8 42.9 9.6 2.7
V. Bicol 1,109 60.3 30.6 6.4 2.8
VI. Western Visayas 1,111 68.7 25.3 5.2 0.8
VII. Central Visayas 1,316 73.5 22.1 2.8 1.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 703 67.8 23.4 7.0 1.9
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 623 61.2 33.2 4.9 0.7
X. Northern Mindanao 855 63.7 28.7 5.8 1.8
XI. Davao 945 74.8 18.4 5.5 1.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 886 55.3 36.1 7.5 1.1
ARMM 408 54.4 33.2 9.6 2.8
Caraga 728 72.5 20.6 5.9 1.0
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Table 22. Percentage distribution of households consuming other fruits by source and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 26,106 71.3 22.5 4.8 1.4
NCR 2,528 97.8 0.1 2.1 0.1
CAR 1,024 56.3 33.9 7.6 2.2
I. Ilocos 1,500 67.3 24.6 6.3 1.7
II. Cagayan Valley 1,494 52.2 37.3 7.3 3.1
III. Central Luzon 2,228 83.3 11.0 5.1 0.7
IV-A. CALABARZON 2,500 77.5 15.5 5.0 2.0
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,103 47.7 44.6 5.9 1.7
V. Bicol 1,716 57.9 33.9 6.2 2.0
VI. Western Visayas 1,794 65.9 28.7 4.4 1.0
VII. Central Visayas 1,930 69.0 25.9 2.9 2.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,453 60.7 30.7 6.6 2.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,129 57.7 38.7 2.7 0.9
X. Northern Mindanao 1,350 61.5 31.1 6.0 1.4
XI. Davao 1,302 66.4 26.8 5.7 1.1
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,314 53.0 37.8 8.5 0.7
ARMM 655 52.4 39.5 6.1 2.1
Caraga 1,086 71.7 24.6 2.5 1.3
Table 23. Percentage distribution of households consuming meats by source and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 27,625 93.8 2.7 2.8 0.8
NCR 3,196 98.1 0.1 1.3 0.5
CAR 1,164 89.4 5.9 3.6 1.2
I. Ilocos 1,894 93.3 2.9 2.9 0.9
II. Cagayan Valley 1,562 92.0 5.4 1.8 0.8
III. Central Luzon 2,623 94.4 1.9 3.3 0.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 2,871 96.5 1.6 1.6 0.3
IV-B. MIMAROPA 980 89.1 5.4 3.9 1.6
V. Bicol 1,584 92.4 3.9 3.0 0.8
VI. Western Visayas 1,939 92.8 4.1 2.2 1.0
VII. Central Visayas 2,009 94.8 2.4 2.3 0.5
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,342 90.9 2.1 5.8 1.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,018 88.9 5.3 4.5 1.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,255 89.5 3.9 5.7 1.0
XI. Davao 1,391 94.4 1.9 2.3 1.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,246 87.0 6.6 5.3 1.1
ARMM 377 74.7 13.7 8.2 3.4
Caraga 1,174 94.6 1.5 3.0 0.9
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Table 24. Percentage distribution of households consuming organ meats by source and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 5,568 92.2 3.8 3.2 0.8
NCR 668 98.2 0.0 1.7 0.2
CAR 226 89.6 6.1 2.9 1.3
I. Ilocos 436 91.6 2.3 5.0 1.2
II. Cagayan Valley 337 90.0 5.9 3.5 0.6
III. Central Luzon 536 93.6 3.1 2.6 0.7
IV-A. CALABARZON 578 95.2 1.9 2.5 0.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 150 80.7 9.5 7.2 2.6
V. Bicol 296 88.6 7.0 3.4 1.0
VI. Western Visayas 472 93.1 5.1 1.0 0.8
VII. Central Visayas 396 93.7 4.6 1.7 0.0
VIII. Eastern Visayas 234 85.1 3.4 9.8 1.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 208 85.9 8.0 5.6 0.5
X. Northern Mindanao 296 89.5 5.7 3.6 1.3
XI. Davao 192 90.9 3.8 4.9 0.5
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 232 81.0 11.5 7.1 0.4
ARMM 77 56.9 27.8 3.7 11.6
Caraga 234 92.8 0.4 5.0 1.8
Table 25. Percentage distribution of households consuming eggs by source and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 29,003 94.6 3.8 0.9 0.7
NCR 3,080 99.0 0.3 0.6 0.1
CAR 1,155 94.5 4.2 0.8 0.5
I. Ilocos 1,934 94.0 4.6 0.8 0.6
II. Cagayan Valley 1,516 91.5 7.0 0.9 0.7
III. Central Luzon 2,643 95.7 2.5 1.5 0.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 2,888 95.7 2.9 0.8 0.6
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,164 89.9 8.7 0.5 0.9
V. Bicol 1,689 92.2 6.1 0.8 0.9
VI. Western Visayas 2,049 90.8 6.7 0.9 1.7
VII. Central Visayas 2,039 94.4 3.7 1.0 0.9
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,443 95.4 3.1 1.0 0.5
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,129 91.3 7.0 0.9 0.8
X. Northern Mindanao 1,427 93.9 4.5 1.4 0.3
XI. Davao 1,509 94.6 3.4 0.8 1.2
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,396 89.5 7.4 1.7 1.3
ARMM 682 91.5 6.2 1.3 1.0
Caraga 1,260 96.6 2.4 0.2 0.9
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Table 26. Percentage distribution of households consuming fish and shellfish by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 32,523 92.6 1.4 2.1 3.9
NCR 3,256 98.3 0.1 1.3 0.4
CAR 1,149 91.7 1.6 1.1 5.6
I. Ilocos 2,023 92.3 1.9 2.6 3.2
II. Cagayan Valley 1,622 90.4 1.9 2.7 5.0
III. Central Luzon 2,634 93.1 1.4 2.7 2.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,067 92.9 1.9 1.8 3.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,421 85.3 5.0 3.0 6.8
V. Bicol 2,061 89.8 1.3 2.9 6.0
VI. Western Visayas 2,406 91.8 0.9 2.1 5.3
VII. Central Visayas 2,290 91.9 1.2 1.8 5.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,924 87.5 1.0 2.2 9.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,389 93.5 1.6 1.8 3.1
X. Northern Mindanao 1,560 94.7 0.9 1.7 2.7
XI. Davao 1,703 92.4 1.2 2.2 4.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,618 90.5 2.2 3.5 3.8
ARMM 912 82.9 6.5 3.4 7.3
Caraga 1,488 92.4 1.0 0.7 5.9
Table 27. Percentage distribution of households consuming legumes, nuts and seeds by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 13,876 92.4 4.8 2.4 0.5
NCR 1,294 98.1 0.1 1.6 0.2
CAR 733 72.2 22.8 4.3 0.7
I. Ilocos 1,044 90.0 5.6 3.8 0.6
II. Cagayan Valley 1,111 82.1 12.4 4.3 1.2
III. Central Luzon 992 93.3 2.0 4.3 0.5
IV-A. CALABARZON 1,293 96.2 1.7 1.7 0.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 569 89.5 6.1 3.6 0.9
V. Bicol 811 92.4 4.7 2.6 0.4
VI. Western Visayas 1,080 91.1 5.9 2.2 0.9
VII. Central Visayas 1,336 93.1 5.3 1.3 0.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 535 94.0 3.6 1.8 0.5
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 491 93.2 6.0 0.8 0.0
X. Northern Mindanao 607 91.2 7.6 1.3 0.0
XI. Davao 602 93.6 4.9 1.5 0.0
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 659 88.9 7.1 3.6 0.4
ARMM 221 84.6 10.5 4.5 0.4
Caraga 498 93.8 4.2 1.6 0.4
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Table 28. Percentage distribution of households consuming milk and milk products by source and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 17,952 98.6 0.4 0.9 0.1
NCR 2,097 99.2 0.0 0.7 0.2
CAR 705 98.4 0.8 0.8 0.0
I. Ilocos 1,065 98.2 0.3 1.2 0.3
II. Cagayan Valley 887 98.2 0.7 1.2 0.0
III. Central Luzon 1,474 98.0 0.4 1.5 0.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 1,780 98.1 1.0 0.8 0.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 707 98.0 0.4 1.5 0.1
V. Bicol 1,213 98.1 0.3 1.4 0.2
VI. Western Visayas 1,422 99.2 0.2 0.6 0.0
VII. Central Visayas 1,453 98.6 0.1 1.0 0.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 923 99.4 0.1 0.5 0.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 660 98.9 0.2 0.8 0.2
X. Northern Mindanao 898 99.3 0.1 0.5 0.0
XI. Davao 863 99.1 0.0 0.7 0.2
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 747 97.0 0.9 1.9 0.1
ARMM 237 98.3 0.4 1.4 0.0
Caraga 821 99.2 0.5 0.1 0.3
Table 29. Percentage distribution of households consuming oils and fats by source and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 32,327 98.9 0.4 0.5 0.2
NCR 3,205 99.5 0.0 0.3 0.2
CAR 1,278 98.7 0.6 0.6 0.1
I. Ilocos 2,020 99.2 0.1 0.5 0.2
II. Cagayan Valley 1,695 98.4 0.6 1.0 0.0
III. Central Luzon 2,757 98.8 0.1 0.9 0.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,052 98.8 0.5 0.5 0.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,366 98.5 1.0 0.4 0.1
V. Bicol 2,057 98.6 0.8 0.6 0.1
VI. Western Visayas 2,210 99.2 0.3 0.4 0.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,335 99.3 0.0 0.6 0.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,849 99.4 0.2 0.4 0.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,314 99.1 0.7 0.1 0.2
X. Northern Mindanao 1,528 99.1 0.2 0.8 0.0
XI. Davao 1,723 98.3 0.1 1.0 0.7
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,649 98.3 0.8 0.7 0.3
ARMM 850 96.8 2.7 0.1 0.4
Caraga 1,439 99.1 0.5 0.2 0.2
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Food and Nutrition Research Institute
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Table 30. Percentage distribution of households consuming sweets by source and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 30,182 99.0 0.2 0.7 0.2
NCR 2,842 99.3 0.0 0.5 0.1
CAR 1,201 98.5 0.4 1.0 0.1
I. Ilocos 1,890 99.0 0.0 0.9 0.1
II. Cagayan Valley 1,620 98.6 0.3 1.1 0.1
III. Central Luzon 2,498 98.8 0.1 0.8 0.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 2,591 98.8 0.2 0.7 0.3
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,315 99.0 0.4 0.6 0.1
V. Bicol 2,042 98.8 0.2 0.8 0.1
VI. Western Visayas 2,046 99.3 0.1 0.4 0.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,144 98.9 0.2 0.7 0.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,857 99.3 0.1 0.6 0.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,181 99.5 0.3 0.2 0.1
X. Northern Mindanao 1,378 99.0 0.3 0.7 0.0
XI. Davao 1,633 99.0 0.1 0.7 0.2
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,574 98.3 0.3 1.2 0.1
ARMM 912 98.4 0.8 0.5 0.2
Caraga 1,458 99.4 0.3 0.3 0.1
Table 31. Percentage distribution of households consuming spices, condiments and beverages by source and
region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
SOURCE
Purchase/bought Own
produce Given/Free Others
Philippines 34,123 98.7 0.4 0.7 0.2
NCR 3,362 99.4 0.1 0.5 0.1
CAR 1,355 96.5 2.3 1.2 0.0
I. Ilocos 2,135 97.8 0.9 1.1 0.2
II. Cagayan Valley 1,760 98.7 0.3 1.0 0.1
III. Central Luzon 2,868 98.8 0.1 0.8 0.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,179 98.3 0.7 0.7 0.3
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,466 98.4 0.5 0.9 0.2
V. Bicol 2,151 99.0 0.2 0.7 0.1
VI. Western Visayas 2,450 99.3 0.1 0.5 0.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,477 98.9 0.2 0.8 0.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 1,979 99.4 0.1 0.5 0.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,408 99.0 0.5 0.4 0.1
X. Northern Mindanao 1,553 97.6 1.2 1.2 0.1
XI. Davao 1,766 98.6 0.3 0.9 0.2
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,708 97.5 1.2 1.2 0.1
ARMM 968 97.4 1.2 1.1 0.3
Caraga 1,538 99.5 0.3 0.1 0.1
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food Consumption Categories
Based on a cut-off score of 424, almost all regions are classified to have Acceptable food
consumption. This means that most of the regions were food secure in terms of diversity and nutritional
adequacy of their diet. However, as shown on Figure 11, ARMM (12.6%) had the highest percentage of
households with poor food consumption while NCR (97.3%) had the largest proportion of household
with acceptable food consumption. Overall, 9 in every 10 households in the Philippines have acceptable
food consumption.
This high level of acceptable food consumption seems inconsistent with the other food security
measures discussed earlier such as the HFIAS, as well as the low levels of adequacy of energy intake
based on the NNS dietary survey (please refer to the 8th NNS Dietary Survey monograph). It may be
that the threshold used for categorizing households as having acceptable food consumption may not be
sensitive enough for use in the Philippine context.
Figure 11. Percentage distribution of households by food consumption category and region: Philippines, 2013
The percentages of households whose food consumption was deemed acceptable were not so
different among the quintiles with only a 4.8 percentage point difference between the poorest and the
richest wealth quintiles (Figure 12).
What was alarming, however, were the proportions of households with poor food consumption
scores in the lowest wealth quintile (60.6%) while 47.4% were borderline; these households suffered
the most food insecurity. The poor wealth quintile also had considerably high proportions of households
with poor (19.8) and borderline (26.5) food consumption. These proportions are noticeably lower in the
higher wealth quintile groups.
4 The threshold of 42 was established through research conducted in other, mostly African, countries.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Caraga
ARMM
SOCCSKSARGEN
Davao
Northern Mindanao
Zamboanga Peninsula
Eastern Visayas
Central Visayas
Western Visayas
Bicol
MIMAROPA
CALABARZON
Central Luzon
Cagayan Valley
Ilocos
CAR
NCR
Philippines
Poor (<28) Borderline (>28-42) Acceptable (>42)
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In general, as the wealth quintile increases, the more varied the foods consumed were and the
more frequently they were consumed, resulting in less food insecurity.
Households with poor food consumption (Table 32) belonged to the poorest wealth quintiles in
the following regions: Zamboanga (90.2%), ARMM (89.0%), Caraga (82.3%) and MIMAROPA
(81.2%). It was somewhat surprising to note that 16.2% of NCR households in the richest wealth
quintile were classified to have poor food consumption.
Borderline food consumption from the lowest wealth quintile ranged from 8.9% to 85.8%
(Tables 33), with Central Luzon as the lowest and ARMM as the highest. The two lowest wealth
quintiles had the bulk of households with borderline food consumption.
NCR (41.8%) had the highest percentage of acceptable food consumption (Table 34) in the
highest wealth quintile. As expected, the highest percentages of households with acceptable food
consumption belong to the highest wealth quintile (21.7%). What is worth noting, however, is that
although a trend in the proportions of households across the wealth quintiles with acceptable food
consumption could be discerned, the differences among quintiles was relatively small compared to
those in the poor and borderline food consumption categories.
Figure 12. Percentage distribution of households by food consumption category and wealth quintile:
Philippines, 2013
60.6
19.8
11.3 6.7
1.7
47.4
26.5
13.8 8.8
3.5
16.9 19.5 20.7 21.2 21.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Poor (≤28) Borderline (>28-42) Acceptable (>42)
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Table 32. Percentage distribution of households with poor food consumption by wealth quintile and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region POOR (0-28) FOOD CONSUMPTION
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Philippines 60.6 19.8 11.3 6.7 1.7
NCR 13.9 41.7 15.2 13.1 16.2
CAR 53.0 23.2 11.8 12.0 0.0
I. Ilocos 27.8 33.4 33.2 5.5 0.0
II. Cagayan Valley 45.8 39.0 15.2 0.0 0.0
III. Central Luzon 24.9 18.3 27.6 19.8 9.5
IV-A. CALABARZON 25.0 23.5 26.6 22.0 3.0
IV-B. MIMAROPA 81.2 12.4 4.0 0.0 2.4
V. Bicol 62.8 23.5 10.2 3.6 0.0
VI. Western Visayas 72.6 24.0 0.0 3.5 0.0
VII. Central Visayas 67.2 25.8 7.0 0.0 0.0
VIII. Eastern Visayas 53.7 32.9 5.3 5.3 2.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 90.2 4.5 5.3 0.0 0.0
X. Northern Mindanao 74.7 18.8 6.5 0.0 0.0
XI. Davao 77.6 11.3 11.1 0.0 0.0
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 75.7 16.8 5.2 2.3 0.0
ARMM 89.0 8.9 1.4 0.7 0.0
Caraga 82.3 8.1 0.0 9.6 0.0
Table 33. Percentage distribution of households with borderline food consumption by wealth quintile and
region: Philippines, 2013
Region BORDERLINE (>28-42) FOOD CONSUMPTION
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Philippines 47.4 26.5 13.8 8.8 3.5
NCR 10.1 14.3 24.3 36.5 14.8
CAR 41.9 29.5 11.9 12.8 3.9
I. Ilocos 30.7 38.0 23.8 6.5 1.1
II. Cagayan Valley 31.5 36.4 23.0 7.0 2.1
III. Central Luzon 8.9 27.8 26.5 24.2 12.7
IV-A. CALABARZON 20.3 26.9 20.7 22.5 9.7
IV-B. MIMAROPA 62.3 19.9 13.4 3.8 0.5
V. Bicol 53.2 28.4 14.0 3.5 1.0
VI. Western Visayas 55.3 31.7 9.1 2.6 1.3
VII. Central Visayas 54.4 31.2 9.1 4.8 0.5
VIII. Eastern Visayas 64.6 26.9 7.4 0.7 0.4
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 71.4 19.1 6.9 1.3 1.3
X. Northern Mindanao 56.7 29.3 8.8 4.0 1.2
XI. Davao 65.1 25.3 7.8 1.2 0.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 62.4 24.2 9.2 2.8 1.4
ARMM 85.8 10.9 2.0 1.0 0.3
Caraga 57.8 29.5 9.7 3.0 0.0
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Food and Nutrition Research Institute
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Table 34. Percentage distribution of households with acceptable food consumption by wealth quintile and
region: Philippines, 2013
Region ACCEPTABLE (>42) FOOD CONSUMPTION
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Philippines 16.9 19.5 20.7 21.2 21.7
NCR 2.7 9.0 16.7 29.9 41.8
CAR 15.2 20.0 16.6 19.7 28.4
I. Ilocos 10.3 21.7 27.6 20.4 20.0
II. Cagayan Valley 12.9 23.8 26.9 20.6 15.9
III. Central Luzon 4.3 14.3 23.1 29.5 28.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 6.2 13.7 20.1 27.6 32.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 28.2 23.3 22.5 16.6 9.5
V. Bicol 28.1 23.7 24.2 13.9 10.2
VI. Western Visayas 27.5 27.9 21.0 13.4 10.2
VII. Central Visayas 22.4 23.1 22.5 16.9 15.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 31.6 26.6 19.5 12.5 9.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 39.5 23.3 15.5 12.8 8.9
X. Northern Mindanao 22.7 26.4 20.6 18.0 12.3
XI. Davao 24.6 24.3 19.6 18.7 12.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 27.8 25.9 21.2 15.8 9.4
ARMM 61.6 20.4 11.4 4.8 1.9
Caraga 32.0 28.7 16.2 13.7 9.4
The tables 32, 33 and 34 show that, in general, wealth quintile and food consumption had an
inverse relationship. Households who belong to the lowest wealth quintile have poor food consumption
and the richest with acceptable food consumption, as expected.
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Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
4. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The results of the 8th National Nutrition Survey on Food Security presented in this monograph leads to
the following conclusions:
Two-thirds of the Filipino population still experiences food insecurity despite slight
improvements from 69.3% in 2011 to 65.9% in 2013.
An inverse relationship was seen between food security and wealth quintile, as expected.
Households belonging to the poorest wealth quintile (88.8%) suffered the most from food
insecurity while those belonging to the richest quintile had the lowest proportion experiencing
food insecurity (27.9%).
The size of the household significantly affects food security status; 37.8% of households with 5
or less members (37.8%) (p-value <0.05) were considered food secure while only 26.8% of
households with more than 5 members were food secure.
The three severe conditions of food insecurity - not having food of any kind in the household
(3.6%), going hungry at bedtime (3.1%) and not eating anything for the whole day and night
(1.2%) were still experienced by some households, particularly in the lower wealth quintiles.
To cope with scarcity, households sacrificed the quality and quantity of their diet by eating
foods not preferred (38.6%), eating a monotonous diet (34.3%), eating undesirable food
(28.7%), reducing their intake (25.3%) and reducing the number of meals typically eaten
(10.7%).
Majority of the households in all regions consumed nine (9) to ten (10) different food groups
per week which indicates relatively diverse diets. Cereals (99.5%), vegetables (98.6%), spices,
condiments and beverages (96.1%), and fish (91.7%) were the most consumed food groups by
households.
About 4 in 10 households worried about acquiring food. Most food groups were accessed
mainly through purchasing/buying. Only vegetables, fruits, and to a limited extent roots and
tubers and some cereals were own-produced. Thus, the purchasing capacity of the household
greatly affects food security status.
Among the regions, ARMM suffered most from food insecurity and had the least varied food
intake, consuming only five to eight food groups. It was followed by Eastern Visayas and other
provinces in Mindanao.
Nine (9) in ten (10) households consumed foods that were relatively energy-dense, had high
quality of protein and micronutrients as depicted by average food consumption scores of above
42, thus were considered to have acceptable food consumption.
The poorest wealth quintiles had alarmingly high proportions of households (>60%) with poor
food consumption.
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Food and Nutrition Research Institute
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The high diversity of the households‟ diet and acceptable food consumption scores (FCS>42) in almost
all the regions may be indicative of a reasonable level of food security in the country. However, energy
needs are still not being met. It is possible that the tools being used to measure food security may not be
classifying households appropriately, as the cut-offs that were applied were set from research conducted
mostly in African countries. It may be worthwhile to assess whether a more sensitive cut-off needs to be
applied for the Philippine setting.
Likewise, there were still households who had to sacrifice the quality and quantity of their diet because
they had no money or capacity to grow or trade for food. To continue the improvement in our country‟s
status on food security, its three dimensions - food availability, food access and food utilization - should
be addressed simultaneously.
There is still much to be done; programs created to improve Philippine food security status should be
scaled up and directed to vulnerable areas such as the Mindanao regions, particularly ARMM, and in
some areas in the Visayas and MIMAROPA as well as to those belonging in the lowest quintile. Note
that undernutrition prevalence was also high in these areas (see Facts and Figures: Anthropometric
Survey). If we are to reduce hunger and undernutrition, these regions must be prioritized and more
cohesive and comprehensive interventions that address poverty, nutrition and food security should be
implemented.
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5. REFERENCES
Books/Journals:
Adams, I. (2013). The Health Benefits of Dark Green Leafy Vegetables. Lexington, KY: University of
Kentucky College of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service.
Coates, J., Swindale, A., & Bilinsky, P. (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for
Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v.3). Washington, D.C.: FHI
360/Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2008). Facts and
Figures Updating 2005. Taguig, Philippines: Author.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2011). Facts and
Figures 2008. Taguig, Philippines: Author.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2013). 8th National
Nutrition Survey, 2013, Manual of Instructions. Taguig, Philippines: Author.
Ingram, J. (2011). A food systems approach to researching food security & its interactions with global
environmental change. Food Security, 3(4), 417-431. doi 10.1007/s12571-011-0149-9.
Kennedy, G., Ballard, T., & Dop, M., (2011) Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual
Dietary Diversity. Rome, Italy: United Nations/Food and Agriculture Organization
Nueva España, M.B.N., Agdeppa, I.A., & Capanzana, M.V. (2014). Assessing Household Food
Insecurity in the Regions of Mindanao using the WFP Food Consumption Score Tool. 8th
National Nutrition Survey: Terminal Report. FNRI-DOST. (unpublished).
United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). (2011). Food security for a planet
under pressure. Transition to sustainability: interconnected challenges and solution. Policy
Brief No. 2.
World Food Programme. (2009). Comprehensive Food Security & Vulnerability Analysis Guidelines.
First edition. Rome, Italy: UN-WFP.
Websites:
Philippine Food Security Information System. (2014a). Food Accessibility. Retrieved from
http://philfsis.psa.gov.ph/index.php/id/13.
Philippine Food Security Information System. (2014b). Food Utilization. Retrieved from
http://philfsis.psa.gov.ph/index.php/id/14
World Health Organization (2010). Food Security. Retrieved from
www.who.int/trade/glossary/story028/en.
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Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Photograph credits:
Pandesal, Filipino Sweet Rolls [digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://pigpartsandbeer.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11pandesal2.jpg
Frodesiak, A., (Photographer). (2011, June 24) Steamed rice in bowl. [digital image]. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamed_rice#/media/File:LSteamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg
Potato [digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://pngimg.com/upload/potato_png2391.png
Yacon Molasses [digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://vikingrx.com/yaconmolasses/
Cooper, A. (Photographer). (2010, February 28). Star apple. [digital image]. Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Star_Apple_(Kaimito).jpg
Milk, Fresh [digital image]. Retrieved from
https://barbadosunderground.wordpress.com/2010/11/13/why-is-emerald-city-and-carlton-
importing-fresh-milk
Ice cream [digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http:/buildyourappetite.blogspot.com/2011_04_01/dirty-ice-cream-or-sorbetes.html
Cooking Oil [digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.sunstarinvestments.co.za/portfolio_item/coconut-oil.html
Salt [digital image]. Retrieved from http://www.saltinstitute.org/news-articles/the-truth-about-salt-
and-your-body/
6. APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Percentage of households consuming the 16 food groups of the food frequency questionnaire by region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Food Groups
Cereals
& Prod.
Vit.
A-Rich
Veg. &
Tubers
White
Tubers
and
Roots
Dark Leafy,
Green Veg.,
incl. wild
ones
Other
Veg., incl.
wild veg.
Vit.
A-
Rich
Fruits
Other
Fruits
Including
Wild Fruits
Meat,
Fresh &
Process
ed
Organ
Meats
(Iron-
Rich)
Eggs Fish and
Shellfish
Legumes
Nuts and
Seeds
Milk &
Milk
Product
Oils &
Fats Sweets
Spices,
Condiments
Beverages
Philippines 35,573 99.5 73.2 48.5 92.8 84.3 51.8 73.6 79.9 16.2 82.8 91.7 38.9 51.8 91.2 84.1 96.1
NCR 3,439 99.9 78.9 59.6 92.2 85.6 65.9 72.9 92.9 19.3 89.5 94.6 37.8 61.1 93.3 82.9 97.8
CAR 1,462 99.5 67.5 52.7 92.3 80.2 49.3 70.3 79.8 16.0 79.3 79.0 49.8 48.0 86.9 81.3 92.3
I. Ilocos 2,211 99.7 75.5 49.7 95.4 90.9 45.7 67.9 85.7 19.8 87.5 91.6 47.2 48.2 91.4 85.5 96.6
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 99.5 71.3 43.5 93.7 92.8 57.7 80.9 84.6 18.2 82.1 87.8 60.1 48.2 91.8 87.7 95.3
III. Central Luzon 2,953 99.5 74.2 44.6 90.0 89.3 49.5 75.4 88.9 18.1 89.4 89.3 33.4 49.9 93.3 84.5 97.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 98.7 70.2 44.0 86.2 81.0 56.0 72.6 83.8 17.0 84.3 89.3 37.5 52.2 89.1 75.3 92.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 99.1 64.6 39.9 90.2 81.0 51.2 70.7 62.7 9.5 74.6 91.0 36.4 45.1 87.5 84.2 94.0
V. Bicol 2,189 99.3 65.8 51.5 93.9 84.8 50.7 78.4 72.7 13.6 77.3 94.2 37.1 55.6 94.0 93.3 98.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 99.6 75.5 42.6 96.3 85.8 44.5 71.8 77.6 18.9 81.7 95.9 42.9 56.6 88.3 81.7 97.6
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 99.3 82.5 47.0 97.5 85.7 51.9 76.2 79.5 15.7 80.4 90.0 53.0 57.4 92.2 84.5 97.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 99.9 62.5 47.6 92.5 72.0 34.4 71.2 66.2 11.6 70.6 94.7 26.4 45.1 90.7 91.3 97.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 99.9 70.1 53.1 97.0 80.1 42.9 77.8 70.0 14.3 77.7 95.6 34.0 45.6 90.5 81.4 96.8
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 99.2 70.4 51.1 96.0 81.9 49.9 78.5 73.0 17.4 83.1 90.7 35.5 52.4 88.9 80.0 90.2
XI. Davao 1,812 99.5 80.3 45.8 96.7 87.9 52.9 72.2 77.6 10.8 83.8 94.2 33.5 48.1 95.3 90.2 97.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 99.2 80.8 45.8 97.6 89.4 50.5 74.9 70.8 13.1 78.8 91.4 37.2 42.6 93.3 89.1 96.3
ARMM 1,080 100.0 46.6 49.2 81.9 58.5 38.2 60.9 35.4 7.3 63.2 84.6 20.6 22.3 79.2 84.5 89.8
Caraga 1,565 99.7 70.5 52.5 96.2 82.0 46.4 69.4 75.0 15.0 80.6 95.0 31.7 52.6 92.0 93.2 98.3 43
F
ood
and
Nu
trition
Research
Institu
te
Dep
artmen
t of S
cience an
d T
echno
logy
Ph
ilippin
e Nutritio
n F
acts a
nd F
igures 2
01
3
44
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Appendix 2. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of cereals consumption and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.6 96.4
NCR 3,439 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.9 97.9
CAR 1,462 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 98.5
I. Ilocos 2,211 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 98.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 98.7
III. Central Luzon 2,953 0.5 1.1 2.9 3.6 91.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.7 94.8
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 0.9 0.2 0.9 2.1 95.9
V. Bicol 2,189 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.6 98.5
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.6 97.7
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.6 98.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.2 98.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 98.4
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 0.8 0.4 0.6 2.7 95.4
XI. Davao 1,812 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.2 97.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 0.8 0.5 1.7 2.4 94.6
ARMM 1,080 0.0 1.4 4.7 6.7 87.2
Caraga 1,565 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 98.4
45
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Appendix 3. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of vitamin A-rich vegetables and tubers
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 26.8 20.2 38.3 8.4 6.4
NCR 3,439 21.2 22.2 44.1 7.9 4.6
CAR 1,462 32.5 17.9 34.5 7.3 7.9
I. Ilocos 2,211 24.5 18.9 40.1 11.5 5.1
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 28.7 21.0 36.6 7.8 5.9
III. Central Luzon 2,953 25.8 25.6 39.1 6.3 3.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 29.8 19.9 36.6 8.4 5.3
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 35.4 20.2 32.0 6.6 5.8
V. Bicol 2,189 34.2 26.2 32.9 3.6 3.1
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 24.5 17.4 38.9 11.8 7.5
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 17.5 16.3 42.3 11.9 11.9
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 37.5 20.1 33.6 4.6 4.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 29.9 18.0 36.9 6.3 8.9
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 29.7 16.9 34.5 10.0 8.9
XI. Davao 1,812 19.8 18.6 40.8 10.3 10.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 19.2 15.8 40.5 12.3 12.2
ARMM 1,080 53.4 14.5 20.8 5.6 5.8
Caraga 1,565 29.5 19.6 38.4 6.9 5.6
46
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Appendix 4. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of white tubers and roots consumption
and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 51.5 19.3 21.4 4.5 3.3
NCR 3,439 40.4 22.2 28.8 6.0 2.6
CAR 1,462 47.3 16.1 24.3 6.1 6.2
I. Ilocos 2,211 50.3 20.3 23.9 4.2 1.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 56.5 18.6 19.8 1.9 3.1
III. Central Luzon 2,953 55.4 21.1 19.0 3.1 1.5
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 56.0 18.0 19.7 3.8 2.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 60.1 14.5 17.1 4.4 3.9
V. Bicol 2,189 48.5 22.8 21.5 3.4 3.8
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 57.5 18.1 16.4 4.0 4.2
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 53.0 19.1 18.4 3.7 5.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 52.4 18.3 22.4 3.4 3.6
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 47.0 17.6 25.1 6.2 4.2
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 48.9 16.8 21.8 9.0 3.6
XI. Davao 1,812 54.3 18.9 19.3 4.7 2.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 54.2 18.0 19.5 5.5 2.9
ARMM 1,080 50.8 12.7 18.3 7.0 11.2
Caraga 1,565 47.5 19.6 23.2 5.5 4.1
47
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Appendix 5. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of dark green leafy vegetables
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 0.1 12.9 41.0 23.1 22.9
NCR 3,439 0.0 17.7 50.2 21.8 10.3
CAR 1,462 0.2 11.1 37.9 25.4 25.4
I. Ilocos 2,211 0.0 7.8 38.9 30.3 23.0
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 0.1 10.4 35.5 23.0 31.1
III. Central Luzon 2,953 0.2 18.9 49.0 22.3 9.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 0.3 19.0 45.9 20.9 14.0
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 0.1 12.9 39.6 21.1 26.3
V. Bicol 2,189 0.0 17.6 45.6 17.8 18.9
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 0.0 8.3 33.3 24.8 33.7
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 0.0 6.4 31.9 25.6 36.2
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 0.1 14.4 41.9 18.3 25.4
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 0.0 6.3 37.1 24.2 32.4
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 0.1 6.7 33.9 26.6 32.7
XI. Davao 1,812 0.1 6.7 34.3 24.3 34.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 0.1 6.2 32.6 27.0 34.2
ARMM 1,080 0.0 13.3 38.8 20.9 27.1
Caraga 1,565 0.0 10.9 36.2 22.0 30.8
48
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Appendix 6. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of other vegetables consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 15.7 18.7 41.9 14.7 9.1
NCR 3,439 14.4 25.5 41.9 13.2 4.9
CAR 1,462 19.8 14.8 37.5 14.0 13.9
I. Ilocos 2,211 9.1 12.3 48.4 21.7 8.4
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 7.3 12.7 44.2 21.3 14.6
III. Central Luzon 2,953 10.7 22.5 47.5 14.0 5.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 19.0 21.9 40.4 12.2 6.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 19.0 15.3 41.5 12.6 11.5
V. Bicol 2,189 15.2 24.4 43.5 10.5 6.4
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 14.2 14.8 38.1 18.1 14.8
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 14.3 14.0 39.7 18.7 13.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 28.0 19.9 34.8 9.8 7.6
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 19.9 15.5 43.2 11.4 10.0
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 18.1 14.6 41.4 15.0 10.9
XI. Davao 1,812 12.1 14.6 44.6 15.8 12.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 10.6 12.9 44.2 18.2 14.0
ARMM 1,080 41.6 15.9 27.9 7.1 7.6
Caraga 1,565 18.0 16.5 39.6 14.3 11.7
49
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Appendix 7. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of vitamin A-rich fruits consumption
and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 48.2 15.8 22.3 6.5 7.1
NCR 3,439 34.1 16.7 31.3 8.0 9.9
CAR 1,462 50.7 11.8 22.0 7.2 8.4
I. Ilocos 2,211 54.3 14.9 20.8 5.3 4.8
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 42.3 16.6 23.6 8.9 8.6
III. Central Luzon 2,953 50.5 16.4 20.8 5.9 6.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 44.0 16.7 22.8 8.0 8.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 48.8 14.9 18.7 6.6 11.1
V. Bicol 2,189 49.3 15.6 20.4 6.4 8.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 55.5 13.9 17.0 7.2 6.5
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 48.1 17.7 20.7 7.1 6.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 65.6 13.0 14.5 3.3 3.6
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 57.1 15.7 18.7 4.2 4.4
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 50.2 13.8 24.5 6.3 5.3
XI. Davao 1,812 47.1 17.8 24.6 4.7 5.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 49.5 14.4 22.8 6.1 7.1
ARMM 1,080 61.8 16.5 16.5 1.9 3.2
Caraga 1,565 53.6 16.1 20.3 5.4 4.7
50
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Appendix 8. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of other fruits consumption and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 26.4 15.3 30.9 11.2 16.2
NCR 3,439 27.1 14.5 31.6 11.0 15.9
CAR 1,462 29.7 12.5 30.1 12.3 15.4
I. Ilocos 2,211 32.1 16.5 30.3 8.8 12.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 19.1 11.6 31.6 14.4 23.4
III. Central Luzon 2,953 24.6 17.8 30.8 11.5 15.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 27.4 17.1 30.0 10.9 14.7
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 29.3 14.0 29.6 9.5 17.6
V. Bicol 2,189 21.6 13.5 32.7 11.9 20.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 28.2 12.7 26.5 13.0 19.5
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 23.8 14.5 31.6 12.8 17.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 28.8 16.2 29.5 11.1 14.4
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 22.3 15.1 39.3 8.8 14.5
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 21.5 14.8 35.9 13.5 14.4
XI. Davao 1,812 27.8 17.3 28.9 10.3 15.7
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 25.2 13.3 33.0 10.2 18.4
ARMM 1,080 39.2 18.7 24.3 6.6 11.2
Caraga 1,565 30.7 16.4 31.5 8.7 12.8
51
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Appendix 9. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of meat consumption and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 20.1 26.2 33.1 11.9 8.7
NCR 3,439 7.1 14.9 40.4 21.8 15.9
CAR 1,462 20.2 26.2 32.5 11.0 10.1
I. Ilocos 2,211 14.3 27.9 40.2 10.2 7.4
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 15.4 28.7 37.4 10.4 8.1
III. Central Luzon 2,953 11.1 20.1 40.3 19.0 9.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 16.2 21.6 36.3 15.4 10.5
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 37.3 30.6 22.8 5.2 4.2
V. Bicol 2,189 27.4 34.4 28.7 5.4 4.1
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 22.4 35.6 30.2 6.0 5.7
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 20.5 31.5 28.5 9.1 10.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 33.8 34.0 22.3 5.9 4.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 30.0 32.1 28.1 5.1 4.7
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 27.0 29.1 27.7 9.7 6.6
XI. Davao 1,812 22.4 29.0 31.0 10.1 7.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 29.2 28.0 30.8 7.0 5.1
ARMM 1,080 64.6 20.3 12.3 1.1 1.7
Caraga 1,565 25.0 35.3 28.0 6.9 4.8
52
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Appendix 10. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of organ meats (iron-rich) consumption
and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 83.8 10.6 4.8 0.6 0.3
NCR 3,439 80.7 12.5 5.4 0.9 0.5
CAR 1,462 84.0 8.4 6.9 0.6 0.1
I. Ilocos 2,211 80.2 11.7 7.0 1.0 0.1
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 81.8 12.9 5.1 0.2 0.0
III. Central Luzon 2,953 81.9 12.6 4.8 0.5 0.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 83.0 10.7 5.1 0.8 0.4
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 90.5 6.2 2.4 0.5 0.5
V. Bicol 2,189 86.4 9.1 3.7 0.4 0.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 81.1 12.5 5.5 0.4 0.4
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 84.3 10.5 4.2 0.7 0.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 88.4 8.2 2.9 0.3 0.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 85.7 8.4 4.9 0.6 0.4
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 82.6 9.7 6.5 0.9 0.3
XI. Davao 1812 89.2 7.3 3.1 0.2 0.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 86.9 8.7 3.9 0.3 0.3
ARMM 1,080 92.7 4.2 2.6 0.3 0.2
Caraga 1,565 85.0 10.1 3.7 0.7 0.5
53
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Appendix 11. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of egg consumption and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 17.3 14.4 38.8 15.3 14.2
NCR 3,439 10.5 11.3 39.9 18.9 19.5
CAR 1,462 20.7 12.2 43.1 13.5 10.5
I. Ilocos 2,211 12.5 12.7 43.2 18.2 13.5
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 17.9 15.0 38.1 15.9 13.0
III. Central Luzon 2,953 10.6 11.3 37.4 22.3 18.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 15.7 12.4 38.3 17.5 16.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 25.4 14.3 36.9 10.7 12.8
V. Bicol 2,189 22.7 17.0 38.2 10.7 11.4
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 18.3 17.2 42.1 12.0 10.4
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 19.6 15.1 37.5 14.6 13.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 29.4 18.7 35.0 9.2 7.8
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 22.3 19.3 38.1 8.6 11.7
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 16.9 15.1 40.8 15.1 12.1
XI. Davao 1,812 16.2 16.5 40.7 14.1 12.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 21.2 17.4 39.1 11.6 10.7
ARMM 1,080 36.8 20.8 28.8 5.8 7.9
Caraga 1,565 19.4 15.6 35.6 13.1 16.2
54
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Appendix 12. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of fish and shellfish consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 8.3 10.9 34.2 20.8 25.9
NCR 3,439 5.4 8.6 40.1 26.4 19.5
CAR 1,462 21.0 18.5 40.9 13.0 6.5
I. Ilocos 2,211 8.4 13.2 42.1 20.0 16.4
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 12.2 19.4 41.7 15.9 10.8
III. Central Luzon 2,953 10.8 11.3 39.9 25.2 12.9
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 10.7 9.6 34.8 21.7 23.1
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 9.0 9.0 26.5 14.1 41.4
V. Bicol 2,189 5.8 10.6 33.7 18.5 31.4
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 4.2 7.9 24.6 18.2 45.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 10.0 11.6 28.2 18.9 31.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 5.3 7.4 26.1 15.8 45.4
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 4.4 9.5 31.8 16.9 37.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 9.3 12.9 35.1 19.5 23.1
XI. Davao 1,812 5.8 11.4 31.4 23.5 27.9
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 8.6 13.6 34.3 21.2 22.3
ARMM 1,080 15.5 18.3 29.2 16.5 20.6
Caraga 1,565 5.0 8.9 24.0 18.6 43.4
55
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013
Food and Nutrition Research Institute
Department of Science and Technology
Appendix 13. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of legumes, nuts and seeds consumption
and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 61.1 21.9 13.4 2.1 1.5
NCR 3,439 62.2 26.2 9.6 1.3 0.8
CAR 1,462 50.2 21.7 21.1 4.1 2.9
I. Ilocos 2,211 52.8 26.6 17.5 1.8 1.2
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 39.9 27.7 25.7 4.4 2.3
III. Central Luzon 2,953 66.6 23.2 7.6 1.7 1.0
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 62.6 22.1 12.1 2.0 1.2
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 63.6 20.2 12.8 2.0 1.3
V. Bicol 2,189 62.9 22.4 12.0 1.5 1.1
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 57.1 20.7 18.0 2.6 1.7
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 47.0 25.4 20.2 3.9 3.5
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 73.6 14.9 9.3 1.1 1.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1454 66.0 16.2 13.1 2.4 2.3
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 64.5 14.5 15.8 3.6 1.6
XI. Davao 1,812 66.5 17.7 13.3 1.4 1.1
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 62.8 19.3 14.4 2.3 1.2
ARMM 1,080 79.4 10.8 6.8 1.4 1.5
Caraga 1,565 68.3 18.1 10.7 1.8 1.0
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Appendix 14. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of milk and milk products consumption
and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 48.2 4.7 9.5 5.3 32.3
NCR 3439 38.9 4.4 10.5 5.7 40.5
CAR 1,462 52.0 3.3 12.3 4.8 27.7
I. Ilocos 2,211 51.8 3.5 10.2 5.6 28.9
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 51.8 4.0 7.8 4.9 31.5
III. Central Luzon 2,953 50.1 5.8 9.3 5.6 29.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 47.8 6.0 10.0 5.5 30.8
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 54.9 5.0 7.7 4.1 28.3
V. Bicol 2,189 44.5 3.5 10.3 5.2 36.6
VI. Western Visayas 2513 43.4 3.3 7.4 6.6 39.2
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 42.6 5.2 10.1 5.8 36.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 54.9 5.7 8.7 4.1 26.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 54.4 5.1 10.6 3.9 26.0
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 47.7 5.6 12.3 6.9 27.7
XI. Davao 1,812 51.9 4.2 8.4 4.6 30.9
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 57.4 3.9 8.2 4.0 26.5
ARMM 1,080 77.7 3.3 5.8 1.6 11.7
Caraga 1,565 47.4 5.2 8.8 5.3 33.4
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Appendix 15. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of oils and fats consumption and
region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 8.8 4.5 22.9 18.8 44.9
NCR 3,439 6.7 2.1 18.3 20.6 52.3
CAR 1,462 13.1 2.8 21.7 13.4 48.9
I. Ilocos 2,211 8.7 4.5 29.0 21.8 36.1
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 8.2 3.2 18.8 15.6 54.2
III. Central Luzon 2,953 6.7 2.8 17.5 20.7 52.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 10.9 3.0 17.9 17.4 50.8
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 12.5 5.7 25.6 16.6 39.7
V. Bicol 2,189 6.0 4.9 28.7 19.3 41.2
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 11.7 5.2 23.5 18.3 41.3
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 7.8 5.1 21.5 17.5 48.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 9.3 8.7 33.4 17.6 31.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 9.5 7.4 32.7 14.3 36.1
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 11.1 6.7 25.7 18.2 38.3
XI. Davao 1,812 4.7 6.0 24.3 24.1 41.0
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 6.7 6.8 27.3 20.3 38.9
ARMM 1,080 20.8 8.5 25.3 16.2 29.3
Caraga 1,565 8.0 8.0 30.7 16.2 37.0
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Appendix 16. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of sweets consumption and region:
Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 15.9 2.2 8.4 8.7 64.9
NCR 3,439 17.1 1.9 8.1 10.3 62.6
CAR 1,462 18.7 1.9 10.5 6.6 62.3
I. Ilocos 2,211 14.5 2.1 8.7 8.3 66.4
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 12.3 1.3 6.4 6.4 73.6
III. Central Luzon 2,953 15.5 2.1 7.5 7.4 67.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 24.7 2.8 10.7 7.6 54.3
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 15.8 1.8 7.3 7.6 67.5
V. Bicol 2,189 6.7 1.1 6.4 7.0 78.8
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 18.4 2.2 7.4 9.6 62.5
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 15.6 2.8 9.1 9.1 63.5
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 8.7 1.8 7.1 8.1 74.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 18.6 2.7 12.4 7.8 58.5
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 20.0 3.9 11.0 10.5 54.7
XI. Davao 1,812 9.8 2.4 7.1 10.9 69.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 10.9 1.4 6.0 9.8 71.9
ARMM 1,080 15.6 2.0 7.2 10.0 65.2
Caraga 1,565 6.9 3.0 8.1 8.1 74.0
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Appendix 17. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of spices, condiments and beverages
consumption and region: Philippines, 2013
Region n
Frequency of Consumption
Did not
consume
Once a
Week
Two to Three
Times a Week
Four to Six
Times a Week Everyday
Philippines 35,573 4.0 1.6 7.0 9.7 77.8
NCR 3,439 2.2 1.2 6.0 9.9 80.7
CAR 1,462 7.7 1.3 8.4 8.1 74.6
I. Ilocos 2,211 3.4 1.0 6.6 11.2 77.7
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 4.7 0.6 4.5 9.4 80.8
III. Central Luzon 2,953 2.9 1.9 6.0 9.4 79.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 7.5 3.2 13.3 12.5 63.6
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 6.0 1.8 9.0 9.2 74.1
V. Bicol 2,189 1.7 1.1 6.6 7.7 82.8
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 2.5 1.2 3.6 9.6 83.2
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 2.3 1.3 5.3 11.2 80.0
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 2.7 1.7 6.6 5.4 83.7
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula 1,454 3.2 1.2 10.0 9.4 76.2
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 9.8 2.8 8.5 10.7 68.2
XI. Davao 1,812 2.4 0.9 3.7 8.1 84.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN 1,768 3.7 0.9 3.5 7.6 84.4
ARMM 1,080 10.2 2.5 8.9 8.4 70.0
Caraga 1,565 1.7 1.5 5.8 6.5 84.5
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Appendix 18. Percentage distribution of households by food consumption category and province:
Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Food Consumption Category
Poor Borderline Acceptable
(0-28) (>28-42) (>42)
Philippines 35,573 1.7 8.0 90.3
NCR5 3,439 0.2 2.5 97.3
District I 560 0 3.0 97.0
District II 1,115 0.4 2.4 97.2
District IIII 799 0.1 2.8 97.1
District IV 965 0.1 2.1 97.8
CAR 1,462 2.8 12.8 84.4
Abra 246 4.0 16.9 79.2
Benguet 622 1.2 7.7 91.1
Ifugao 145 1.4 12.0 86.6
Kalinga 181 8.9 21.0 70.1
Mountain Province 157 2.5 19.7 77.8
Apayao 111 2.7 14.2 83.1
I. Ilocos 2,211 0.8 8.5 90.7
Ilocos Norte 291 0 4.8 95.2
Ilocos Sur 323 0.6 7.4 92.0
La Union 345 1.7 10.4 87.9
Pangasinan 1,252 0.8 9.1 90.1
II. Cagayan Valley 1,847 1.8 9.8 88.4
Cagayan 654 2.4 9.8 87.7
Isabela 867 1.4 9.6 89.0
Nueva Vizcaya 221 1.3 7.2 91.5
Quirino 105 2.0 17.3 80.7
III. Central Luzon 2,953 1.1 6.0 92.9
Bataan 199 2.0 7.0 91.0
Bulacan 831 1.1 6.6 92.3
Nueva Ecija 618 0.8 4.7 94.5
Pampanga 652 1.8 6.3 91.9
Tarlac 395 0.3 7.1 92.6
Zambales 202 0.5 3.5 96.0
Aurora 56 0.0 5.4 94.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,429 2.0 6.6 91.4
Batangas 714 0.5 6.6 92.8
Cavite 814 2.3 5.20` 92.5
Laguna 728 1.1 6.0 93.0
Quezon 586 6.1 9.5 84.4
Rizal 587 0.6 6.7 92.8
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Continuation of Appendix 18…
Region / Province n
Food Consumption Category
Poor Borderline Acceptable
(0-28) (>28-42) (>42)
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,559 3.0 11.7 85.3
Marinduque 163 1.2 9.8 89.0
Occidental Mindoro 246 3.4 12.7 83.9
Oriental Mindoro 478 2.9 12.4 84.7
Palawan 457 3.1 11.4 85.4
Romblon 215 3.7 11.2 85.1
V. Bicol 2,189 1.4 9.3 89.3
Albay 509 1.2 8.2 90.6
Camarines Norte 200 2.0 8.3 89.7
Camarines Sur 687 1.0 9.8 89.2
Catanduanes 107 3.8 4.7 91.6
Masbate 321 1.9 10.5 87.6
Sorsogon 365 0.8 10.8 88.4
VI. Western Visayas 2,513 1.1 6.3 92.6
Aklan 157 1.3 8.2 90.6
Antique 194 1.5 8.2 90.2
Capiz 287 2.4 7.6 90.0
Iloilo 801 1.1 5.0 93.9
Negros Occidental 1,010 0.8 6.3 92.9
Guimaras 64 0.0 4.7 95.3
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 1.1 7.3 91.7
Bohol 494 1.6 9.5 88.9
Cebu 1,503 0.7 5.9 93.4
Negros Oriental 492 2.1 9.8 88.2
Siquijor 47 0.0 4.3 95.7
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,033 1.9 12.7 85.4
Eastern Samar 215 3.8 21.1 75.1
Leyte 910 2.1 11.5 86.5
Northern Samar 255 2.7 18.5 78.8
Western Samar 350 1.1 11.7 87.1
Southern Leyte 204 0.0 8.1 91.9
Biliran 99 0.0 4.0 96.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,454 1.4 10.9 87.7
Zamboanga Del Norte 487 2.2 13.5 84.3
Zamboanga Del Sur 711 1.3 9.3 89.5
Zamboanga Sibugay 218 0.0 11.5 88.5
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Continuation of Appendix 18…
Region / Province n
Food Consumption Category
Poor Borderline Acceptable
(0-28) (>28-42) (>42)
X. Northern Mindanao 1,723 2.7 10.3 87.0
Bukidnon 453 3.7 14.0 82.4
Camiguin 59 1.7 10.2 88.1
Lanao del Norte 361 3.3 12.4 84.3
Misamis Occidental 282 1.1 6.4 92.6
Misamis Oriental 568 2.4 7.8 89.8
XI. Davao 1,812 1.9 9.2 89.0
Davao del Norte 345 3.2 7.8 89.0
Davao del Sur 975 1.4 7.8 90.8
Davao Oriental 231 2.2 13.2 84.6
Compostela Valley 261 1.8 12.9 85.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,768 3.2 12.8 84.0
North Cotabato 501 3.9 19.1 77.0
South Cotabato 693 2.7 7.9 89.4
Sultan Kudarat 294 2.8 14.5 82.7
Sarangani 220 4.4 14.8 80.9
ARMM8 1,080 12.6 26.0 61.5
Basilan9 139 7.3 20.3 72.4
Lanao del Sur 318 12.3 25.1 62.6
Maguindanao 378 4.8 23.9 71.3
Sulu 151 31.2 29.8 39.0
Tawi-Tawi 132 16.7 29.1 54.2
Caraga 1,565 1.5 8.6 89.9
Agusan del Norte 440 0.7 7.9 91.4
Agusan del Sur 375 3.3 14.4 82.4
Surigao del Norte 346 0.7 3.7 95.6
Surigao del Sur 404 1.5 8.1 90.5
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
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Appendix 19. Percentage distribution of households by food security status and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Food Security Status
Food
Secure
Mildly Food
Insecure
Moderately
Food
Insecure
Severely
Food
Insecure
Philippines 35,635 34.1 15.1 34.1 16.7
NCR5 3,448
District I 561 46.0 26.3 19.4 8.4
District II 1,121 49.4 14.9 24.4 11.3
District IIII 797 52.1 13.0 24.8 10.1
District IV 969 55.8 15.3 21.5 7.4
CAR 1,466
Abra 247 23.0 15.5 33.4 28.1
Benguet 625 45.9 20.5 26.1 7.4
Ifugao 145 60.0 14.5 23.5 2.0
Kalinga 181 31.1 16.3 39.5 13.1
Mountain Province 157 43.5 14.7 31.8 10.0
Apayao 111 44.4 16.1 26.0 13.6
I. Ilocos 2,212
Ilocos Norte 291 32.7 19.9 39.9 7.5
Ilocos Sur 323 30.7 18.9 41.8 8.7
La Union 347 27.7 18.7 35.1 18.6
Pangasinan 1,251 25.5 16.6 38.9 19.1
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846
Cagayan 657 44.9 12.4 28.0 14.7
Isabela 863 36.2 17.1 34.4 12.4
Nueva Vizcaya 221 39.7 21.7 28.7 9.9
Quirino 105 25.7 16.9 39.0 18.4
III. Central Luzon 2,964
Bataan 201 45.4 20.4 25.8 8.4
Bulacan 837 36.1 17.0 31.0 15.9
Nueva Ecija 615 27.3 13.9 38.3 20.5
Pampanga 657 42.9 23.1 26.2 7.8
Tarlac 396 27.1 14.6 37.4 21.0
Zambales 202 26.3 33.7 28.7 11.4
Aurora 56 39.3 26.8 26.8 7.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448
Batangas 713 41.9 17.4 29.6 11.2
Cavite 817 46.9 14.4 24.0 14.8
Laguna 740 44.1 16.0 26.9 13.1
Quezon 590 28.6 22.6 35.4 13.5
Rizal 588 43.7 12.5 27.1 16.8
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Continuation of Appendix 19…
Region / Province n
Food Security Status
Food
Secure
Mildly Food
Insecure
Moderately
Food
Insecure
Severely
Food
Insecure
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558
Marinduque 162 21.0 23.5 39.5 16.1
Occidental Mindoro 245 20.6 14.2 38.4 26.8
Oriental Mindoro 479 37.8 14.5 28.4 19.3
Palawan 457 23.8 11.7 34.7 29.8
Romblon 215 20.4 11.2 47.9 20.5
V. Bicol 2,197
Albay 514 24.6 11.4 45.4 18.6
Camarines Norte 201 28.1 16.4 42.6 13.0
Camarines Sur 689 27.3 14.2 41.8 16.8
Catanduanes 107 26.2 16.8 43.9 13.1
Masbate 321 20.0 16.8 47.0 16.2
Sorsogon 365 19.8 15.6 48.0 16.7
VI. Western Visayas 2,512
Aklan 157 48.0 6.5 27.6 17.9
Antique 194 30.8 17.9 38.5 12.8
Capiz 287 24.4 13.8 38.0 23.8
Iloilo 803 34.9 18.2 33.6 13.2
Negros Occidental 1,009 32.0 13.4 37.8 16.9
Guimaras 62 30.7 8.1 32.3 29.0
VII. Central Visayas 2,536
Bohol 495 31.2 20.6 35.2 13.1
Cebu 1,502 42.0 13.0 32.1 12.9
Negros Oriental 492 31.6 15.2 39.0 14.2
Siquijor 47 25.5 25.5 38.3 10.6
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028
Eastern Samar 214 14.1 6.0 43.4 36.6
Leyte 905 22.4 13.6 43.8 20.3
Northern Samar 256 16.3 12.9 46.2 24.7
Western Samar 350 14.0 12.0 40.4 33.6
Southern Leyte 204 20.6 11.8 50.3 17.3
Biliran 99 22.3 12.2 28.2 37.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447
Zamboanga del Norte 488 13.7 15.1 42.9 28.3
Zamboanga del Sur 707 23.9 11.3 43.7 21.1
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 31.0 9.2 37.4 22.4
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Continuation of Appendix 19…
Region / Province n
Food Security Status
Food
Secure
Mildly Food
Insecure
Moderately
Food
Insecure
Severely
Food
Insecure
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730
Bukidnon 455 19.2 10.2 45.9 24.7
Camiguin 59 23.7 8.5 50.9 17.0
Lanao del Norte 360 26.3 9.5 36.6 27.6
Misamis Occidental 282 23.5 10.9 45.7 19.9
Misamis Oriental 574 23.8 13.1 40.2 22.9
XI. Davao 1,816
Davao del Norte 345 29.9 13.4 38.5 18.3
Davao del Sur 979 31.6 13.3 36.7 18.4
Davao Oriental 231 15.7 9.9 46.5 27.9
Compostela Valley 261 16.2 9.8 48.9 25.1
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773
North Cotabato 503 18.0 11.7 40.5 29.9
South Cotabato 693 28.6 12.4 39.1 19.9
Sultan Kudarat 295 25.0 13.7 34.0 27.4
Sarangani 220 22.8 6.7 39.1 31.4
ARMM8 1,084
Basilan9 135 19.5 8.3 39.0 33.2
Lanao del Sur 319 9.2 10.8 31.0 49.1
Maguindanao 377 15.0 5.6 37.7 41.8
Sulu 154 2.7 3.9 41.4 52.1
Tawi-Tawi 132 9.0 7.5 42.5 41.0
Caraga 1,570
Agusan del Norte 443 25.9 12.5 48.3 13.3
Agusan del Sur 376 19.6 10.1 46.3 24.1
Surigao del Norte 346 25.4 14.2 45.7 14.8
Surigao del Sur 405 21.9 13.4 47.2 17.5
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
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FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE PER QUESTION (HFIAS) ACROSS PROVINCES AND REGIONS
Appendix 20. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience worrying about food and
province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 36.5 21.7 25.5 16.4
NCR5 3,448 51.1 16.2 21.8 10.9
District I 561 42.6 14.5 28.1 14.9
District II 1,121 50.1 14.7 22.8 12.5
District IIII 797 49.9 16.2 21.9 12.1
District IV 969 57.6 18.9 17.3 6.3
CAR 1,466 44.2 27.1 18.5 10.2
Abra 247 25.9 25.1 24.2 24.8
Benguet 625 47.5 29.3 15.3 7.9
Ifugao 145 53.7 21.7 17.9 6.6
Kalinga 181 34.3 36.1 21.8 7.8
Mountain Province 157 53.8 19.0 20.3 7.0
Apayao 111 50.7 22.4 19.8 7.2
I. Ilocos 2,212 31.5 29.3 25.7 13.5
Ilocos Norte 291 36.8 29.6 23.0 10.7
Ilocos Sur 323 34.7 32.2 23.2 9.9
La Union 347 30.8 26.2 25.5 17.6
Pangasinan 1,251 29.7 29.4 27.0 13.9
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 39.4 27.6 23.0 10.0
Cagayan 657 44.7 25.5 21.7 8.1
Isabela 863 37.3 29.0 22.4 11.4
Nueva Vizcaya 221 37.9 23.6 30.5 8.0
Quirino 105 27.5 38.4 19.9 14.2
III. Central Luzon 2,964 39.5 24.5 21.6 14.5
Bataan 201 47.9 21.5 20.2 10.4
Bulacan 837 42.6 23.6 20.7 13.0
Nueva Ecija 615 32.7 24.4 28.9 13.9
Pampanga 657 46.7 27.3 15.4 10.6
Tarlac 396 29.8 17.7 25.3 27.3
Zambales 202 30.7 37.6 16.4 15.3
Aurora 56 39.3 14.3 32.1 14.3
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 45.5 24.1 20.7 9.8
Batangas 713 44.1 22.5 22.4 10.9
Cavite 817 49.0 22.4 18.4 10.2
Laguna 740 49.0 21.1 20.1 9.8
Quezon 590 37.4 32.1 24.9 5.5
Rizal 588 45.0 24.6 18.7 11.6
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Continuation of Appendix 20…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 32.4 20.7 26.8 20.0
Marinduque 162 37.7 30.2 19.8 12.4
Occidental Mindoro 245 29.4 18.4 33.6 18.6
Oriental Mindoro 479 39.7 15.1 22.2 23.0
Palawan 457 27.6 24.9 29.6 18.0
Romblon 215 27.3 19.6 27.5 25.5
V. Bicol 2,197 29.2 18.6 29.0 23.2
Albay 514 29.5 19.4 31.3 19.8
Camarines Norte 201 32.5 20.7 27.0 19.7
Camarines Sur 689 31.9 17.1 29.3 21.8
Catanduanes 107 38.4 22.4 23.4 15.9
Masbate 321 26.2 16.2 30.8 26.7
Sorsogon 365 21.6 20.4 26.3 31.7
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 30.1 25.0 28.1 16.9
Aklan 157 41.6 19.8 21.1 17.5
Antique 194 24.0 42.1 25.7 8.2
Capiz 287 22.5 28.3 28.3 20.9
Iloilo 803 29.6 28.4 26.7 15.2
Negros Occidental 1,009 31.2 20.1 30.3 18.4
Guimaras 62 43.6 8.1 30.7 17.7
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 37.2 22.2 25.0 15.6
Bohol 495 30.9 26.7 29.2 13.2
Cebu 1,502 41.2 20.0 23.2 15.6
Negros Oriental 492 30.9 24.0 25.9 19.3
Siquijor 47 34.0 29.8 31.9 4.3
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 24.6 19.3 29.4 26.7
Eastern Samar 214 20.4 15.9 29.8 33.9
Leyte 905 27.3 20.2 27.9 24.7
Northern Samar 256 25.3 19.7 29.0 26.0
Western Samar 350 18.0 21.6 30.6 29.9
Southern Leyte 204 25.8 11.5 35.0 27.8
Biliran 99 28.3 26.3 27.1 18.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 25.3 14.7 33.4 26.7
Zamboanga del Norte 488 17.0 11.2 37.1 34.7
Zamboanga del Sur 707 27.9 17.8 31.7 22.7
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 36.5 13.3 33.2 17.0
68
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Continuation of Appendix 20…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 27.7 18.7 28.1 25.4
Bukidnon 455 26.1 18.1 31.7 24.1
Camiguin 59 28.8 22.0 28.8 20.3
Lanao del Norte 360 28.4 18.2 24.9 28.5
Misamis Occidental 282 26.0 12.1 30.2 31.7
Misamis Oriental 574 29.4 22.4 26.3 22.0
XI. Davao 1,816 29.4 19.3 31.9 19.4
Davao del Norte 345 32.6 26.9 30.8 9.8
Davao del Sur 979 33.4 18.3 27.8 20.5
Davao Oriental 231 18.6 15.5 49.5 16.3
Compostela Valley 261 18.5 16.5 33.9 31.1
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 27.1 21.1 31.2 20.6
North Cotabato 503 24.0 12.4 37.2 26.4
South Cotabato 693 31.4 21.6 27.4 19.6
Sultan Kudarat 295 25.3 33.6 24.6 16.5
Sarangani 220 22.4 25.5 36.9 15.2
ARMM8 1,084 14.7 26.6 34.0 24.7
Basilan9 135 21.0 39.1 19.4 20.4
Lanao del Sur 319 10.4 11.4 35.3 42.9
Maguindanao 377 19.3 21.0 39.2 20.5
Sulu 154 8.2 41.9 35.6 14.3
Tawi-Tawi 132 11.3 39.9 26.6 22.2
Caraga 1,570 28.1 15.1 30.9 26.0
Agusan del Norte 443 32.3 14.1 29.4 24.2
Agusan del Sur 376 25.9 16.9 34.0 23.2
Surigao del Norte 346 30.8 12.2 26.8 30.3
Surigao del Sur 405 23.1 16.9 33.3 26.7
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
69
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Appendix 21. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of not having to eat
preferred foods and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 39.7 21.7 25.3 13.3
NCR5 3,448 56.4 16.7 19.0 7.9
District I 561 53.0 18.1 21.1 7.9
District II 1,121 55.3 14.7 21.1 8.9
District IIII 797 55.9 16.1 19.6 8.4
District IV 969 59.9 19.0 15.0 6.1
CAR 1,466 46.2 23.5 21.1 9.2
Abra 247 28.0 22.3 30.7 19.1
Benguet 625 51.2 22.9 16.9 9.0
Ifugao 145 62.0 17.7 17.0 3.3
Kalinga 181 34.0 27.9 28.0 10.1
Mountain Province 157 46.7 27.4 21.6 4.4
Apayao 111 48.9 26.0 21.6 3.6
I. Ilocos 2,212 32.0 28.8 28.7 10.5
Ilocos Norte 291 35.0 30.6 25.1 9.2
Ilocos Sur 323 35.0 31.3 27.2 6.5
La Union 347 32.0 25.4 28.9 13.8
Pangasinan 1,251 30.5 28.8 29.9 10.8
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 43.4 25.2 22.1 9.3
Cagayan 657 47.7 24.7 20.1 7.5
Isabela 863 41.2 25.6 22.7 10.5
Nueva Vizcaya 221 44.8 21.9 23.9 9.5
Quirino 105 30.7 32.5 25.6 11.3
III. Central Luzon 2,964 40.7 26.2 22.0 11.1
Bataan 201 50.4 22.3 20.9 6.4
Bulacan 837 41.7 27.0 20.4 11.0
Nueva Ecija 615 35.5 28.4 26.0 10.2
Pampanga 657 48.1 27 18.0 6.8
Tarlac 396 32.3 14.1 31.3 22.2
Zambales 202 30.2 40.6 16.4 12.8
Aurora 56 50.0 23.2 17.9 8.9
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 49.4 23.2 19.6 7.8
Batangas 713 50.5 18.9 21.3 9.4
Cavite 817 53.4 21.4 17.5 7.7
Laguna 740 53.7 20.4 17.6 8.3
Quezon 590 38.1 34.0 23.2 4.7
Rizal 588 48.0 23.7 19.8 8.6
70
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Continuation of Appendix 21…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 32.8 20.5 29.2 17.5
Marinduque 162 34.6 25.9 27.2 12.4
Occidental Mindoro 245 25.6 22.0 35.6 16.8
Oriental Mindoro 479 43.9 16.3 21.9 17.9
Palawan 457 28.5 23.4 30.9 17.2
Romblon 215 25.0 17.3 35.4 22.3
V. Bicol 2,197 31.5 18.6 30.7 19.3
Albay 514 30.5 21.4 31.0 17.2
Camarines Norte 201 36.5 21.3 26.6 15.6
Camarines Sur 689 35.0 17.8 27.3 20.0
Catanduanes 107 33.6 17.8 32.7 15.9
Masbate 321 30.9 14.6 37.7 16.7
Sorsogon 365 23.4 18.1 32.3 26.2
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 39.9 26.1 21.6 12.5
Aklan 157 53.8 23.7 15.4 7.1
Antique 194 34.9 40.4 17.5 7.2
Capiz 287 33.6 30.7 18.3 17.5
Iloilo 803 43.4 25.4 19.7 11.5
Negros Occidental 1,009 37.7 23.4 25.6 13.3
Guimaras 62 38.7 21.0 21.0 19.4
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 42.3 21.5 23.1 13.1
Bohol 495 37.1 25.2 25.8 11.9
Cebu 1,502 46.0 19.5 21.9 12.5
Negros Oriental 492 36.7 23.5 23.4 16.4
Siquijor 47 29.8 29.8 31.9 8.5
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 24.2 20.2 31.8 23.7
Eastern Samar 214 18.3 8.8 30.5 42.4
Leyte 905 27.1 21.0 32.3 19.6
Northern Samar 256 21.0 23.8 31.9 23.2
Western Samar 350 21.3 23.6 31.8 23.4
Southern Leyte 204 25.0 15.3 34.8 24.9
Biliran 99 27.3 26.3 24.3 22.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 25.3 15.8 34.5 24.4
Zamboanga del Norte 488 17.2 16.6 34.2 32.1
Zamboanga del Sur 707 27.9 17.4 36.0 18.7
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 36.5 9.6 34.1 19.8
71
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Continuation of Appendix 21…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 26.5 18.6 34.0 20.9
Bukidnon 455 22.9 19.1 39.1 18.9
Camiguin 59 27.1 20.3 30.5 22.0
Lanao del Norte 360 28.2 18.4 29.9 23.5
Misamis Occidental 282 26.7 11.7 38.7 22.9
Misamis Oriental 574 28.3 21.5 30.5 19.8
XI. Davao 1,816 33.2 17.6 34.4 14.8
Davao del Norte 345 37.0 25.9 29.7 7.5
Davao del Sur 979 38.0 17.3 30.8 13.9
Davao Oriental 231 18.6 11.3 51.7 18.5
Compostela Valley 261 21.9 13.6 39.2 25.4
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 29.7 20.9 32.3 17.2
North Cotabato 503 25.0 14.1 36.8 24.2
South Cotabato 693 33.9 22.2 28.3 15.6
Sultan Kudarat 295 28.4 30.1 29.8 11.8
Sarangani 220 26.8 22.5 37.5 13.2
ARMM8 1,084 16.0 27.2 35.9 21.0
Basilan9 135 21.4 43.0 17.9 17.7
Lanao del Sur 319 13.1 14.5 36.2 36.2
Maguindanao 377 20.7 19.9 38.9 20.5
Sulu 154 7.5 37.1 42.9 12.6
Tawi-Tawi 132 12.7 42.3 32.0 13.0
Caraga 1,570 28.6 16.5 33.8 21.0
Agusan del Norte 443 31.6 15.5 34.7 18.3
Agusan del Sur 376 24.9 15.7 35.0 24.3
Surigao del Norte 346 29.9 14.9 29.0 26.2
Surigao del Sur 405 27.6 20.0 35.8 16.6
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
72
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Appendix 22. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat just a few
kinds of foods and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 45.7 19.9 23.4 10.9
NCR5 3,448 62.4 14.8 16.9 6.0
District I 561 64.8 13.3 14.8 7.0
District II 1,121 60.7 14.4 18.5 6.5
District IIII 797 60.2 14.3 18.7 6.8
District IV 969 64.7 16.3 14.6 4.4
CAR 1,466 52.6 21.8 18.7 7.0
Abra 247 33.6 26.3 26.7 13.4
Benguet 625 59.9 18.4 15.5 6.1
Ifugao 145 64.8 18.7 15.2 1.3
Kalinga 181 39.0 28.0 22.3 10.7
Mountain Province 157 51.8 23.5 19.7 5.0
Apayao 111 51.6 25.9 18.9 3.6
I. Ilocos 2,212 39.9 28.0 24.6 7.6
Ilocos Norte 291 44.1 27.5 22.0 6.5
Ilocos Sur 323 45.5 26.3 20.7 7.4
La Union 347 42.9 24.5 23.7 8.9
Pangasinan 1,251 36.8 29.4 26.4 7.5
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 50.3 23.2 19.7 6.9
Cagayan 657 54.6 22.3 17.8 5.3
Isabela 863 47.7 23.2 21.5 7.6
Nueva Vizcaya 221 54.9 20.4 17.9 6.8
Quirino 105 34.4 34.3 20.8 10.5
III. Central Luzon 2,964 50.3 21.1 19.4 9.2
Bataan 201 64.8 16.4 14.9 4.0
Bulacan 837 50.4 22.9 18.3 8.5
Nueva Ecija 615 38.0 24.9 27.6 9.6
Pampanga 657 61.2 18.2 13.7 6.9
Tarlac 396 41.6 16.9 24.5 16.9
Zambales 202 47.1 27.2 13.9 11.8
Aurora 56 62.5 12.5 19.6 5.4
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 55.6 20.9 17.1 6.3
Batangas 713 56.7 18.0 16.7 8.7
Cavite 817 58.4 20.9 15.2 5.5
Laguna 740 57.8 18.7 16.3 7.3
Quezon 590 48.2 28.9 20.3 2.6
Rizal 588 54.8 19.7 18.5 7.1
73
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Continuation of Appendix 22…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 38.4 20.2 26.4 14.9
Marinduque 162 34.6 31.5 19.8 14.2
Occidental Mindoro 245 33.9 21.2 31.5 13.4
Oriental Mindoro 479 50.3 15.6 19.4 14.8
Palawan 457 32.7 21.9 30.3 15.2
Romblon 215 33.5 17.3 32.0 17.2
V. Bicol 2,197 36.9 18.1 29.6 15.4
Albay 514 35.9 18.6 30.5 15.0
Camarines Norte 201 44.6 19.2 23.0 13.2
Camarines Sur 689 37.9 18.0 28.9 15.1
Catanduanes 107 44.9 8.4 33.7 13.1
Masbate 321 35.3 16.5 35.8 12.4
Sorsogon 365 31.3 21.2 26.9 20.7
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 44.2 22.9 21.7 11.2
Aklan 157 56.4 17.2 19.3 7.1
Antique 194 41.1 37.8 15.5 5.7
Capiz 287 36.0 28.7 21.7 13.6
Iloilo 803 49.7 22.9 18.5 8.9
Negros Occidental 1,009 41.0 19.8 25.7 13.5
Guimaras 62 40.3 17.7 22.6 19.4
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 48.2 18.3 22.2 11.4
Bohol 495 47.1 19.0 23.8 10.1
Cebu 1,502 50.5 17.6 20.9 11.0
Negros Oriental 492 41.9 19.4 24.4 14.3
Siquijor 47 46.8 21.3 25.5 6.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 28.9 20.0 31.7 19.3
Eastern Samar 214 21.5 13.5 31.1 33.9
Leyte 905 32.8 19.4 30.6 17.2
Northern Samar 256 24.8 23.9 31.3 20.1
Western Samar 350 24.8 25.7 33.2 16.4
Southern Leyte 204 30.8 13.8 34.5 20.9
Biliran 99 30.3 22.3 34.3 13.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 29.0 18.9 32.3 19.9
Zamboanga del Norte 488 19.9 25.7 32.6 21.8
Zamboanga del Sur 707 32.7 16.5 33.9 16.9
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 38.8 13.3 28.6 19.3
74
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Continuation of Appendix 22…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes,
rare
Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 31.2 18.1 33.7 17.0
Bukidnon 455 27.8 20.6 37.8 13.9
Camiguin 59 28.8 18.6 33.9 18.6
Lanao del Norte 360 32.2 16.1 31.9 19.9
Misamis Occidental 282 32.7 11.7 38.3 17.3
Misamis Oriental 574 32.8 20.4 29.3 17.5
XI. Davao 1,816 37.9 17.5 32.0 12.6
Davao del Norte 345 39.2 28.1 26.3 6.4
Davao del Sur 979 43.6 16.0 28.6 11.8
Davao Oriental 231 22.8 14.7 48.2 14.3
Compostela Valley 261 26.8 11.6 39.2 22.4
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 34.4 19.7 31.7 14.2
North Cotabato 503 29.7 13.1 36.6 20.5
South Cotabato 693 38.7 20.9 28.1 12.3
Sultan Kudarat 295 32.9 28.9 28.7 9.5
Sarangani 220 30.3 20.3 37.4 12.0
ARMM8 1,084 19.0 29.9 31.3 19.8
Basilan9 135 27.8 43.7 11.6 16.9
Lanao del Sur 319 18.1 17.0 33.0 31.9
Maguindanao 377 21.8 21.3 36.4 20.6
Sulu 154 6.0 47.1 35.0 11.9
Tawi-Tawi 132 16.5 41.5 27.5 14.5
Caraga 1,570 33.7 16.8 31.5 18.0
Agusan del Norte 443 38.5 13.4 32.9 15.2
Agusan del Sur 376 29.5 17.1 31.4 22.0
Surigao del Norte 346 36.0 16.2 28.1 19.8
Surigao del Sur 405 30.3 20.7 33.0 15.9
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
75
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Appendix 23. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat foods
they really do not want to eat and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 52.5 18.9 20.3 8.4
NCR5 3,448 69.8 12.5 13.1 4.7
District I 561 72.3 9.0 13.3 5.4
District II 1,121 66.9 13.8 14.5 4.9
District IIII 797 66.6 14.0 13.7 5.8
District IV 969 74.4 11.5 10.7 3.4
CAR 1,466 62.7 18.7 14.1 4.5
Abra 247 42.4 25.6 23.0 9.0
Benguet 625 71.0 13.8 11.1 4.1
Ifugao 145 74.4 13.8 10.5 1.3
Kalinga 181 55.6 28.8 12.8 2.8
Mountain Province 157 55.5 23.6 15.8 5.1
Apayao 111 58.8 18.8 18.9 3.6
I. Ilocos 2,212 48.9 25.0 20.5 5.5
Ilocos Norte 291 55.2 23.6 18.2 3.1
Ilocos Sur 323 51.7 25.1 19.5 3.7
La Union 347 53.3 22.8 17.1 6.9
Pangasinan 1,251 45.6 26.0 22.3 6.2
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 55.6 21.6 17.7 5.1
Cagayan 657 57.9 22.0 15.7 4.4
Isabela 863 53.7 21.7 19.1 5.5
Nueva Vizcaya 221 62.3 16.3 17.1 4.4
Quirino 105 42.2 29.4 20.8 7.6
III. Central Luzon 2,964 54.5 19.5 18.0 7.9
Bataan 201 69.3 12.4 13.4 4.9
Bulacan 837 53.2 22.2 16.6 7.9
Nueva Ecija 615 45.6 21.7 25.8 6.9
Pampanga 657 62.8 18.5 13.1 5.6
Tarlac 396 44.2 15.5 26.0 14.4
Zambales 202 58.4 21.9 10.0 9.8
Aurora 56 69.6 12.5 10.7 7.1
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 60.9 19.3 15.1 4.7
Batangas 713 63.5 15.3 14.9 6.3
Cavite 817 63.4 18.6 13.6 4.4
Laguna 740 61.6 16.6 16.1 5.7
Quezon 590 54.6 26.3 16.6 2.5
Rizal 588 59.5 21.8 14.7 4.0
76
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Continuation of Appendix 23…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 46.2 18.9 23.2 11.7
Marinduque 162 45.7 24.7 21.0 8.6
Occidental Mindoro 245 37.7 19.5 28.2 14.7
Oriental Mindoro 479 58.6 15.9 15.4 10.2
Palawan 457 39.4 22.1 26.8 11.7
Romblon 215 44.7 13.5 28.3 13.4
V. Bicol 2,197 43.6 18.7 25.8 11.9
Albay 514 42.1 17.6 27.0 13.3
Camarines Norte 201 48.0 17.7 24.9 9.5
Camarines Sur 689 47.1 18.6 23.1 11.3
Catanduanes 107 44.9 15.9 26.2 13.1
Masbate 321 40.3 20.5 29.9 9.3
Sorsogon 365 39.1 20.1 26.3 14.5
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 52.9 21.9 18.2 7.0
Aklan 157 66.7 14.1 14.7 4.5
Antique 194 55.4 26.5 15.0 3.1
Capiz 287 44.0 28.3 19.0 8.7
Iloilo 803 58.2 21.7 15.1 5.0
Negros Occidental 1,009 49.1 21.0 21.1 8.8
Guimaras 62 45.2 17.7 24.2 12.9
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 54.6 18.6 18.2 8.6
Bohol 495 53.02 20.23 20.99 5.76
Cebu 1,502 56.80 17.96 16.31 8.93
Negros Oriental 492 48.80 19.33 21.53 10.34
Siquijor 47 55.32 14.89 19.15 10.64
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 35.7 18.8 30.1 15.4
Eastern Samar 214 27.3 9.7 32.0 31.2
Leyte 905 40.1 19.6 28.9 11.5
Northern Samar 256 30.7 20.3 30.4 18.6
Western Samar 350 31.6 23.3 31.1 14.0
Southern Leyte 204 33.3 15.0 35.4 16.3
Biliran 99 44.5 20.2 22.2 13.2
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 34.1 21.1 26.7 18.1
Zamboanga del Norte 488 26.08 33.19 21.79 18.93
Zamboanga del Sur 707 36.84 17.01 30.66 15.48
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 46.07 8.71 26.84 18.38
77
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Continuation of Appendix 23…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 39.3 18.9 29.7 12.1
Bukidnon 455 36.6 19.5 33.3 10.6
Camiguin 59 35.6 27.1 30.5 6.8
Lanao del Norte 360 39.7 17.4 28.8 14.2
Misamis Occidental 282 38.0 15.0 32.9 14.1
Misamis Oriental 574 42.3 20.4 25.7 11.5
XI. Davao 1,816 46.9 15.4 28.5 9.2
Davao del Norte 345 50.5 22.1 21.6 5.8
Davao del Sur 979 51.4 14.6 25.6 8.4
Davao Oriental 231 36.4 12.1 40.8 10.7
Compostela Valley 261 32.9 12.6 38.7 15.8
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 42.8 20.2 26.0 11.0
North Cotabato 503 39.5 14.1 31.0 15.5
South Cotabato 693 46.7 21.3 22.4 9.6
Sultan Kudarat 295 39.3 30.7 23.7 6.3
Sarangani 220 40.0 19.2 30.6 10.2
ARMM8 1,084 24.0 31.1 29.2 15.8
Basilan9 135 26.2 42.2 15.3 16.3
Lanao del Sur 319 25.9 18.4 29.3 26.4
Maguindanao 377 29.0 22.1 34.3 14.5
Sulu 154 7.3 52.5 27.2 13.1
Tawi-Tawi 132 18.8 43.1 27.3 10.8
Caraga 1,570 38.9 16.8 31.1 13.2
Agusan del Norte 443 42.0 14.0 31.8 12.2
Agusan del Sur 376 32.6 15.2 35.2 17.0
Surigao del Norte 346 40.4 17.0 28.0 14.6
Surigao del Sur 405 39.9 21.4 29.2 9.5
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
78
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Appendix 24. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat smaller
meal and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 57.0 17.7 18.1 7.2
NCR5 3,448 73.8 11.6 10.3 4.4
District I 561 80.0 6.2 8.9 4.9
District II 1,121 70.9 12.3 11.7 5.1
District IIII 797 70.0 13.8 10.9 5.3
District IV 969 76.9 11.8 8.8 2.6
CAR 1,466 68.5 17.3 10.6 3.6
Abra 247 44.5 27.5 20.2 7.8
Benguet 625 76.6 13.1 7.7 2.7
Ifugao 145 79.9 9.7 9.8 0.7
Kalinga 181 63.4 24.7 8.1 3.9
Mountain Province 157 65.1 19.7 10.2 5.0
Apayao 111 65.9 17.9 14.4 1.8
I. Ilocos 2,212 51.8 24.5 18.8 4.9
Ilocos Norte 291 58.8 22.7 16.5 2.0
Ilocos Sur 323 57.6 23.2 14.9 4.3
La Union 347 52.4 22.5 19.1 6.1
Pangasinan 1,251 48.6 25.8 20.3 5.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 61.2 19.2 15.3 4.3
Cagayan 657 61.1 20.6 14.5 3.8
Isabela 863 61.0 18.9 15.7 4.5
Nueva Vizcaya 221 66.2 13.6 14.3 5.9
Quirino 105 53.2 24.8 19.1 2.9
III. Central Luzon 2,964 62.5 17.0 15.4 5.2
Bataan 201 72.8 12.4 10.4 4.5
Bulacan 837 61.1 18.5 15.0 5.4
Nueva Ecija 615 49.4 24.4 20.8 5.4
Pampanga 657 75.9 11.2 10.5 2.4
Tarlac 396 50.7 15.2 24.2 9.9
Zambales 202 70.3 17.4 6.9 5.4
Aurora 56 71.4 12.5 12.5 3.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 66.0 18.0 12.2 3.9
Batangas 713 69.9 14.5 10.5 5.1
Cavite 817 68.0 17.1 11.8 3.1
Laguna 740 68.7 13.2 13.5 4.6
Quezon 590 59.9 26.2 11.8 2.2
Rizal 588 61.2 21.2 13.2 4.4
79
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Continuation of Appendix 24…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 50.4 17.7 21.8 10.1
Marinduque 162 58.0 19.1 17.3 5.6
Occidental Mindoro 245 45.3 20.0 24.5 10.2
Oriental Mindoro 479 62.8 13.8 14.6 8.9
Palawan 457 42.9 19.2 25.6 12.3
Romblon 215 40.8 19.1 29.3 10.7
V. Bicol 2,197 51.5 16.7 22.7 9.1
Albay 514 49.8 17.1 23.4 9.8
Camarines Norte 201 57.4 15.7 19.9 7.0
Camarines Sur 689 52.0 16.6 22.5 9.0
Catanduanes 107 58.0 14.9 17.7 9.4
Masbate 321 53.3 14.3 26.2 6.3
Sorsogon 365 46.5 19.6 22.2 11.7
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 53.4 22.2 16.9 7.5
Aklan 157 54.5 19.1 16.6 9.8
Antique 194 53.4 29.6 14.0 3.1
Capiz 287 47.9 28.0 17.6 6.5
Iloilo 803 59.4 20.7 14.0 5.9
Negros Occidental 1,009 50.3 20.9 19.8 9.1
Guimaras 62 50.0 22.6 11.3 16.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 58.5 17.4 16.0 8.1
Bohol 495 59.3 19.2 16.0 5.6
Cebu 1,502 59.9 16.7 15.1 8.3
Negros Oriental 492 52.9 18.1 18.7 10.3
Siquijor 47 61.7 17.0 19.2 2.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 40.7 18.3 28.9 12.1
Eastern Samar 214 29.5 11.1 32.1 27.3
Leyte 905 44.9 17.4 29.1 8.7
Northern Samar 256 38.1 23.9 25.4 12.6
Western Samar 350 37.2 23.9 26.1 12.8
Southern Leyte 204 40.2 12.3 36.2 11.4
Biliran 99 44.6 21.2 25.1 9.1
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 42.3 18.3 24.2 15.3
Zamboanga del Norte 488 35.7 24.5 21.0 18.7
Zamboanga del Sur 707 45.1 16.0 27.4 11.5
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 51.6 11.9 23.6 12.8
80
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Continuation of Appendix 24…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 43.1 18.1 27.2 11.6
Bukidnon 455 38.7 22.7 29.0 9.7
Camiguin 59 40.7 22.0 28.8 8.5
Lanao del Norte 360 41.3 16.4 28.0 14.4
Misamis Occidental 282 45.1 13.9 28.7 12.4
Misamis Oriental 574 47.3 17.2 24.3 11.3
XI. Davao 1,816 48.7 16.3 26.3 8.7
Davao del Norte 345 54.6 19.9 20.0 5.5
Davao del Sur 979 53.5 15.8 23.3 7.4
Davao Oriental 231 34.5 15.7 39.6 10.2
Compostela Valley 261 34.0 14.2 34.9 16.9
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 44.6 20.3 26.1 9.1
North Cotabato 503 38.1 16.3 30.6 15.0
South Cotabato 693 49.7 20.3 22.7 7.3
Sultan Kudarat 295 45.6 29.7 21.7 3.1
Sarangani 220 40.6 20.7 31.6 7.1
ARMM8 1,084 23.1 28.7 32.2 15.9
Basilan9 135 29.7 43.2 10.9 16.3
Lanao del Sur 319 23.3 13.7 36.6 26.4
Maguindanao 377 27.1 19.2 37.8 16.0
Sulu 154 7.7 54.3 26.1 11.9
Tawi-Tawi 132 19.6 40.8 30.4 9.2
Caraga 1,570 46.6 16.2 28.0 9.3
Agusan del Norte 443 50.6 14.1 27.6 7.8
Agusan del Sur 376 39.0 15.0 34.7 11.3
Surigao del Norte 346 50.1 18.6 23.1 8.2
Surigao del Sur 405 46.1 17.7 26.4 9.8
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
81
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Appendix 25. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having to eat fewer
meals in a day and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 78.0 11.3 7.9 2.8
NCR5 3,448 87.5 6.0 4.7 1.8
District I 561 89.7 3.0 5.0 2.3
District II 1,121 86.1 6.6 5.1 2.2
District IIII 797 88.0 6.6 4.3 1.2
District IV 969 87.9 6.5 4.3 1.3
CAR 1,466 87.8 8.3 3.1 0.8
Abra 247 74.9 19.0 4.9 1.2
Benguet 625 93.2 4.4 1.8 0.6
Ifugao 145 96.1 1.3 2.6 0.0
Kalinga 181 82.6 11.4 4.3 1.7
Mountain Province 157 86.1 7.6 5.7 0.6
Apayao 111 80.2 16.2 2.7 0.9
I. Ilocos 2,212 77.9 14.1 6.2 1.8
Ilocos Norte 291 86.0 9.2 4.1 0.7
Ilocos Sur 323 84.5 11.8 2.8 0.9
La Union 347 79.6 13.1 5.9 1.4
Pangasinan 1,251 73.9 16.1 7.6 2.4
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 82.2 11.0 5.2 1.6
Cagayan 657 81.7 12.2 5.0 1.1
Isabela 863 81.9 10.7 5.6 1.8
Nueva Vizcaya 221 90.2 4.5 4.0 1.3
Quirino 105 71.1 20.2 5.8 2.9
III. Central Luzon 2,964 80.0 10.1 7.8 2.2
Bataan 201 87.3 6.9 3.9 2.0
Bulacan 837 78.0 10.4 8.7 2.9
Nueva Ecija 615 75.0 11.7 11.6 1.8
Pampanga 657 88.2 7.2 3.8 0.9
Tarlac 396 71.7 13.7 11.3 3.3
Zambales 202 81.7 10.9 5.0 2.5
Aurora 56 85.7 8.9 1.8 3.6
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 81.5 10.3 6.0 2.2
Batangas 713 84.7 8.6 5.2 1.6
Cavite 817 80.0 10.7 7.1 2.2
Laguna 740 82.1 8.1 6.2 3.5
Quezon 590 81.5 11.8 5.8 1.0
Rizal 588 79.5 12.9 5.2 2.5
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Continuation of Appendix 25…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 72.1 11.6 10.8 5.6
Marinduque 162 85.8 8.6 3.7 1.9
Occidental Mindoro 245 68.1 13.4 15.8 2.8
Oriental Mindoro 479 78.9 7.7 7.6 5.8
Palawan 457 64.1 14.5 13.7 7.7
Romblon 215 70.7 13.5 9.8 6.1
V. Bicol 2,197 78.0 9.6 9.4 3.1
Albay 514 77.2 11.3 8.3 3.2
Camarines Norte 201 81.0 9.5 7.5 2.0
Camarines Sur 689 78.2 8.2 10.1 3.6
Catanduanes 107 86.9 7.5 3.8 1.9
Masbate 321 73.5 10.8 13.2 2.5
Sorsogon 365 78.2 9.3 8.8 3.8
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 74.6 15.6 7.0 2.9
Aklan 157 79.5 10.3 8.3 2.0
Antique 194 71.4 19.9 7.8 1.0
Capiz 287 66.4 21.6 9.0 3.1
Iloilo 803 78.9 13.6 4.7 2.8
Negros Occidental 1,009 73.4 15.6 8.0 3.1
Guimaras 62 71.0 14.5 6.5 8.1
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 82.2 10.2 5.2 2.4
Bohol 495 80.5 12.4 4.9 2.2
Cebu 1,502 83.2 9.5 4.8 2.5
Negros Oriental 492 79.8 11.3 6.7 2.2
Siquijor 47 91.5 0.0 6.4 2.1
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 67.1 13.1 14.1 5.8
Eastern Samar 214 59.7 11.5 15.3 13.5
Leyte 905 73.0 10.8 13.0 3.2
Northern Samar 256 66.7 14.1 11.7 7.5
Western Samar 350 53.6 19.8 18.4 8.2
Southern Leyte 204 75.7 9.4 11.5 3.4
Biliran 99 58.7 19.1 17.2 5.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 74.9 12.6 8.9 3.6
Zamboanga del Norte 488 78.9 14.4 5.7 1.0
Zamboanga del Sur 707 73.1 11.8 10.5 4.6
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 73.5 10.1 10.9 5.5
83
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Continuation of Appendix 25…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 72.3 12.7 11.5 3.5
Bukidnon 455 68.7 14.5 14.0 2.8
Camiguin 59 76.3 15.3 8.5 0.0
Lanao del Norte 360 68.9 11.8 12.4 6.9
Misamis Occidental 282 79.8 10.3 8.5 1.4
Misamis Oriental 574 73.5 12.7 10.5 3.4
XI. Davao 1,816 71.2 15.1 10.6 3.1
Davao del Norte 345 70.4 21.2 6.4 2.0
Davao del Sur 979 73.2 14.1 9.9 2.8
Davao Oriental 231 66.2 10.9 17.5 5.5
Compostela Valley 261 69.1 14.3 13.2 3.4
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 66.4 17.1 13.1 3.4
North Cotabato 503 66.5 15.7 13.2 4.6
South Cotabato 693 70.2 15.2 11.0 3.5
Sultan Kudarat 295 64.0 21.4 13.5 1.0
Sarangani 220 54.7 22.9 19.4 3.1
ARMM8 1,084 41.8 28.3 19.8 10.2
Basilan9 135 68.8 25.4 2.9 2.9
Lanao del Sur 319 41.2 17.5 22.6 18.7
Maguindanao 377 42.8 30.2 19.4 7.7
Sulu 154 29.0 38.4 24.3 8.4
Tawi-Tawi 132 30.3 37.9 25.2 6.7
Caraga 1,570 81.4 7.3 9.5 1.9
Agusan del Norte 443 85.4 5.6 8.1 0.9
Agusan del Sur 376 74.9 10.4 11.5 3.2
Surigao del Norte 346 85.0 7.3 6.3 1.5
Surigao del Sur 405 80.0 6.2 11.9 2.0
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
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Appendix 26. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of having no food of any
kind in the household and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 90.0 6.4 2.8 0.8
NCR5 3,448 94.4 3.7 1.2 0.7
District I 561 96.9 1.8 0.7 0.5
District II 1,121 91.5 5.5 1.7 1.3
District IIII 797 95.6 2.3 1.5 0.5
District IV 969 96.0 3.3 0.6 0.2
CAR 1,466 92.0 5.9 1.8 0.3
Abra 247 80.5 16.3 3.2 0.0
Benguet 625 95.1 3.7 1.1 0.2
Ifugao 145 98.7 0.6 0.6 0.0
Kalinga 181 89.7 6.0 2.7 1.7
Mountain Province 157 93.1 3.7 3.1 0.0
Apayao 111 89.1 8.2 1.8 0.9
I. Ilocos 2,212 89.3 8.1 1.9 0.6
Ilocos Norte 291 95.9 3.1 1.0 0.0
Ilocos Sur 323 95.7 2.8 1.2 0.3
La Union 347 86.9 9.0 2.9 1.1
Pangasinan 1,251 86.9 10.4 2.0 0.7
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 90.9 6.6 2.0 0.6
Cagayan 657 89.8 7.8 2.0 0.5
Isabela 863 92.0 5.6 1.7 0.7
Nueva Vizcaya 221 94.1 4.1 1.8 0.0
Quirino 105 82.6 11.6 3.9 1.9
III. Central Luzon 2,964 90.4 6.2 2.7 0.7
Bataan 201 95.6 1.9 2.0 0.5
Bulacan 837 88.4 6.9 3.4 1.3
Nueva Ecija 615 85.2 10.6 3.5 0.7
Pampanga 657 95.0 3.1 1.6 0.3
Tarlac 396 88.1 7.6 3.8 0.5
Zambales 202 95.0 4.5 0.5 0.0
Aurora 56 96.4 1.8 1.8 0.0
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 90.1 6.3 3.0 0.6
Batangas 713 93.1 4.6 1.7 0.6
Cavite 817 88.2 7.0 4.2 0.6
Laguna 740 91.7 4.1 3.2 1.0
Quezon 590 90.5 8.0 1.2 0.3
Rizal 588 87.1 8.4 4.0 0.6
85
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Continuation of Appendix 26…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 83.9 8.0 5.8 2.3
Marinduque 162 90.7 4.9 1.9 2.5
Occidental Mindoro 245 79.7 10.2 8.5 1.6
Oriental Mindoro 479 88.3 6.3 3.6 1.8
Palawan 457 79.3 9.5 8.8 2.4
Romblon 215 85.5 7.5 3.2 3.8
V. Bicol 2,197 91.8 4.8 2.9 0.5
Albay 514 90.1 5.0 4.3 0.6
Camarines Norte 201 94.1 2.9 2.6 0.5
Camarines Sur 689 91.6 5.1 2.6 0.7
Catanduanes 107 94.4 4.7 0.0 0.9
Masbate 321 89.4 7.2 3.1 0.3
Sorsogon 365 94.7 2.8 2.2 0.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 90.8 7.4 1.4 0.4
Aklan 157 89.9 7.6 1.9 0.6
Antique 194 90.3 8.1 1.1 0.5
Capiz 287 82.4 15.9 1.4 0.3
Iloilo 803 92.8 6.0 1.3 0.0
Negros Occidental 1,009 92.1 5.7 1.5 0.7
Guimaras 62 82.3 12.9 3.2 1.6
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 93.8 4.3 1.5 0.4
Bohol 495 90.0 6.7 2.4 1.0
Cebu 1,502 94.8 3.6 1.2 0.4
Negros Oriental 492 94.1 4.9 1.0 0.0
Siquijor 47 95.7 0.0 4.3 0.0
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 85.8 7.2 5.2 1.9
Eastern Samar 214 86.5 3.2 4.7 5.6
Leyte 905 87.7 7.3 4.1 1.0
Northern Samar 256 84.8 6.2 5.9 3.1
Western Samar 350 80.4 9.9 7.5 2.3
Southern Leyte 204 93.5 3.5 2.5 0.5
Biliran 99 71.8 15.1 12.1 1.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 90.0 5.9 3.0 1.2
Zamboanga del Norte 488 90.5 8.0 1.6 0.0
Zamboanga del Sur 707 89.9 4.8 3.6 1.7
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 88.6 4.6 4.6 2.3
86
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Continuation of Appendix 26…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 86.6 7.9 4.5 1.1
Bukidnon 455 82.1 11.9 5.8 0.2
Camiguin 59 94.9 5.1 0.0 0.0
Lanao del Norte 360 85.7 8.2 3.6 2.5
Misamis Occidental 282 90.4 5.0 3.9 0.7
Misamis Oriental 574 88.3 6.0 4.6 1.1
XI. Davao 1,816 88.1 6.6 4.1 1.2
Davao del Norte 345 88.5 7.4 2.6 1.5
Davao del Sur 979 88.3 6.7 4.2 0.9
Davao Oriental 231 83.4 5.7 7.9 3.0
Compostela Valley 261 91.1 5.9 2.6 0.4
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 83.7 10.5 4.8 1.1
North Cotabato 503 84.4 9.2 4.6 1.7
South Cotabato 693 86.1 8.9 4.0 1.0
Sultan Kudarat 295 77.5 14.6 7.5 0.4
Sarangani 220 81.1 13.9 4.6 0.4
ARMM8 1,084 70.5 19.0 8.2 2.3
Basilan9 135 83.7 14.4 1.8 0.0
Lanao del Sur 319 64.0 16.3 14.1 5.7
Maguindanao 377 72.4 17.6 8.6 1.3
Sulu 154 73.4 23.5 3.2 0.0
Tawi-Tawi 132 68.0 25.8 3.8 2.3
Caraga 1,570 91.9 4.3 3.3 0.5
Agusan del Norte 443 95.1 2.7 2.0 0.2
Agusan del Sur 376 87.9 5.9 5.4 0.8
Surigao del Norte 346 92.9 4.2 2.6 0.3
Surigao del Sur 405 91.3 4.8 3.2 0.7
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
87
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Appendix 27. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of going to sleep hungry
and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes,
rare
Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 91.7 5.2 2.4 0.7
NCR5 3,448 95.0 3.0 1.3 0.7
District I 561 96.5 1.8 0.9 0.7
District II 1,121 93.1 4.0 1.4 1.4
District IIII 797 94.7 2.8 2.1 0.4
District IV 969 96.6 2.5 0.8 0.1
CAR 1,466 95.7 3.1 1.0 0.2
Abra 247 90.0 8.4 1.2 0.4
Benguet 625 97.7 1.5 0.6 0.2
Ifugao 145 99.4 0.6 0.0 0.0
Kalinga 181 93.5 3.2 3.3 0.0
Mountain Province 157 96.9 1.9 1.3 0.0
Apayao 111 91.9 6.3 0.9 0.9
I. Ilocos 2,212 91.9 6.2 1.7 0.2
Ilocos Norte 291 95.6 3.8 0.7 0.0
Ilocos Sur 323 95.4 3.7 0.9 0.0
La Union 347 92.4 4.4 3.2 0.0
Pangasinan 1,251 90.1 7.8 1.7 0.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 93.1 5.2 1.4 0.3
Cagayan 657 92.3 6.2 1.4 0.2
Isabela 863 93.4 5.2 1.3 0.2
Nueva Vizcaya 221 96.0 2.2 1.3 0.4
Quirino 105 90.4 5.8 2.9 0.9
III. Central Luzon 2,964 91.7 5.7 2.0 0.7
Bataan 201 96.1 2.5 1.0 0.5
Bulacan 837 89.7 6.6 2.8 0.9
Nueva Ecija 615 88.5 8.7 2.4 0.5
Pampanga 657 95.3 2.9 1.2 0.6
Tarlac 396 90.1 6.8 2.3 0.8
Zambales 202 95.0 4.5 0.5 0.0
Aurora 56 94.6 3.6 0.0 1.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 91.9 5.2 2.5 0.5
Batangas 713 94.2 4.1 1.7 0.0
Cavite 817 91.0 5.9 2.7 0.4
Laguna 740 92.4 3.6 3.0 1.0
Quezon 590 92.7 6.0 1.0 0.3
Rizal 588 89.2 6.7 3.7 0.4
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Continuation of Appendix 27…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 87.2 6.7 4.8 1.3
Marinduque 162 93.2 4.3 1.9 0.6
Occidental Mindoro 245 82.3 10.5 6.3 0.9
Oriental Mindoro 479 88.6 5.1 5.2 1.2
Palawan 457 84.7 8.3 5.5 1.5
Romblon 215 91.6 3.7 2.8 1.9
V. Bicol 2,197 93.7 3.6 2.2 0.6
Albay 514 92.9 4.3 2.0 0.8
Camarines Norte 201 96.5 2.0 1.0 0.5
Camarines Sur 689 93.6 3.0 2.8 0.6
Catanduanes 107 94.4 1.9 2.8 0.9
Masbate 321 92.6 5.2 1.9 0.3
Sorsogon 365 94.0 3.8 1.9 0.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 94.0 4.5 1.1 0.4
Aklan 157 98.1 1.3 0.6 0.0
Antique 194 90.8 7.7 0.5 1.0
Capiz 287 90.1 8.6 1.4 0.0
Iloilo 803 95.5 3.5 0.9 0.1
Negros Occidental 1,009 94.1 3.9 1.4 0.7
Guimaras 62 90.3 8.1 0.0 1.6
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 95.1 3.2 1.4 0.4
Bohol 495 92.6 4.4 2.2 0.8
Cebu 1,502 95.5 2.6 1.5 0.4
Negros Oriental 492 96.1 3.7 0.2 0.0
Siquijor 47 95.7 4.3 0.0 0.0
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 87.7 6.2 4.9 1.2
Eastern Samar 214 86.8 4.7 5.1 3.3
Leyte 905 89.7 5.3 4.1 1.0
Northern Samar 256 89.5 5.8 4.0 0.8
Western Samar 350 82.4 9.0 7.5 1.1
Southern Leyte 204 93.5 3.0 2.6 1.0
Biliran 99 72.7 15.2 11.1 1.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 91.6 4.8 2.9 0.8
Zamboanga del Norte 488 94.6 4.6 0.8 0.0
Zamboanga del Sur 707 90.1 4.8 3.9 1.3
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 90.9 4.1 4.1 0.9
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Continuation of Appendix 27…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 89.6 5.9 3.3 1.2
Bukidnon 455 90.7 5.1 4.1 0.2
Camiguin 59 91.5 6.8 1.7 0.0
Lanao del Norte 360 86.5 6.3 4.2 3.0
Misamis Occidental 282 92.9 5.3 1.4 0.4
Misamis Oriental 574 89.0 6.5 3.2 1.3
XI. Davao 1,816 88.4 6.9 4.0 0.7
Davao del Norte 345 87.0 9.4 2.8 0.8
Davao del Sur 979 90.6 5.3 3.8 0.3
Davao Oriental 231 80.6 9.3 8.4 1.7
Compostela Valley 261 88.6 7.5 2.7 1.3
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 85.0 9.5 4.5 1.1
North Cotabato 503 85.8 7.6 4.1 2.5
South Cotabato 693 87.3 7.4 4.3 1.0
Sultan Kudarat 295 79.3 15.4 5.3 0.0
Sarangani 220 81.8 13.7 4.5 0.0
ARMM8 1,084 72.1 17.3 7.7 2.9
Basilan9 135 89.4 9.2 1.4 0.0
Lanao del Sur 319 64.9 18.0 11.3 5.8
Maguindanao 377 72.9 16.3 8.2 2.6
Sulu 154 67.6 24.2 8.2 0.0
Tawi-Tawi 132 75.6 18.3 3.0 3.0
Caraga 1,570 92.8 4.3 2.7 0.2
Agusan del Norte 443 94.4 3.6 1.8 0.2
Agusan del Sur 376 90.4 6.2 3.5 0.0
Surigao del Norte 346 96.0 2.8 1.1 0.0
Surigao del Sur 405 90.6 4.4 4.3 0.7
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
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Appendix 28. Percentage distribution of households by frequency of experience of going a whole day and
night without eating and province: Philippines, 2013
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes,
rare
Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
Philippines 35,635 96.1 2.7 0.9 0.3
NCR5 3,448 98.0 1.0 0.5 0.5
District I 561 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0
District II 1,121 96.5 1.5 0.7 1.3
District IIII 797 98.0 1.1 0.7 0.3
District IV 969 99.2 0.6 0.2 0.0
CAR 1,466 97.3 2.0 0.4 0.2
Abra 247 95.3 3.9 0.8 0.0
Benguet 625 98.5 1.4 0.0 0.2
Ifugao 145 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kalinga 181 94.1 3.8 1.6 0.5
Mountain Province 157 97.5 1.3 1.3 0.0
Apayao 111 95.5 3.6 0.0 0.9
I. Ilocos 2,212 97.1 2.5 0.2 0.2
Ilocos Norte 291 99.0 0.7 0.3 0.0
Ilocos Sur 323 99.1 0.9 0.0 0.0
La Union 347 95.6 3.8 0.3 0.3
Pangasinan 1,251 96.6 3.0 0.2 0.3
II. Cagayan Valley 1,846 96.6 2.8 0.5 0.1
Cagayan 657 96.0 3.6 0.5 0.0
Isabela 863 97.2 2.3 0.5 0.0
Nueva Vizcaya 221 98.7 0.5 0.4 0.4
Quirino 105 91.2 5.9 2.0 0.9
III. Central Luzon 2,964 96.1 3.0 0.7 0.2
Bataan 201 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0
Bulacan 837 94.8 3.7 1.3 0.2
Nueva Ecija 615 94.4 4.8 0.9 0.0
Pampanga 657 98.1 1.2 0.4 0.3
Tarlac 396 94.9 4.6 0.5 0.0
Zambales 202 98.5 1.5 0.0 0.0
Aurora 56 98.2 0.0 0.0 1.8
IV-A. CALABARZON 3,448 95.2 3.2 1.3 0.3
Batangas 713 96.6 2.4 0.8 0.1
Cavite 817 94.5 3.9 1.4 0.2
Laguna 740 95.8 1.9 1.7 0.6
Quezon 590 95.9 3.3 0.3 0.5
Rizal 588 93.3 4.4 2.1 0.2
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Continuation of Appendix 28…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
IV-B. MIMAROPA 1,558 92.1 4.5 2.6 0.8
Marinduque 162 98.2 0.0 0.6 1.2
Occidental Mindoro 245 87.5 8.2 3.5 0.9
Oriental Mindoro 479 92.6 3.9 2.5 1.0
Palawan 457 91.0 4.9 3.2 0.9
Romblon 215 94.9 3.7 1.4 0.0
V. Bicol 2,197 97.9 1.5 0.5 0.2
Albay 514 98.0 1.6 0.0 0.4
Camarines Norte 201 98.5 1.0 0.0 0.5
Camarines Sur 689 97.6 1.4 1.0 0.0
Catanduanes 107 99.1 0.9 0.0 0.0
Masbate 321 97.2 2.8 0.0 0.0
Sorsogon 365 98.1 0.8 0.8 0.3
VI. Western Visayas 2,512 96.0 3.4 0.5 0.2
Aklan 157 97.6 2.5 0.0 0.0
Antique 194 94.9 4.1 1.1 0.0
Capiz 287 91.5 7.5 1.0 0.0
Iloilo 803 98.1 1.7 0.3 0.0
Negros Occidental 1,009 96.0 3.3 0.5 0.3
Guimaras 62 88.7 9.7 0.0 1.6
VII. Central Visayas 2,536 97.5 1.7 0.7 0.2
Bohol 495 95.4 2.4 1.6 0.6
Cebu 1,502 97.8 1.5 0.6 0.1
Negros Oriental 492 98.6 1.5 0.0 0.0
Siquijor 47 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
VIII. Eastern Visayas 2,028 93.6 3.8 2.1 0.5
Eastern Samar 214 95.8 2.8 1.4 0.0
Leyte 905 95.4 2.8 1.4 0.4
Northern Samar 256 94.6 2.7 1.6 1.2
Western Samar 350 89.0 6.7 3.8 0.6
Southern Leyte 204 97.5 1.0 1.0 0.5
Biliran 99 77.8 13.1 8.1 1.0
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula6 1,447 97.6 1.0 1.1 0.4
Zamboanga del Norte 488 99.2 0.8 0 0
Zamboanga del Sur 707 97.0 1.0 1.3 0.7
Zamboanga Sibugay 219 95.9 1.8 2.3 0.0
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Continuation of Appendix 28…
Region / Province n
Frequency of Experience
No Yes, rare Yes,
sometimes Yes, often
X. Northern Mindanao 1,730 95.7 2.4 1.4 0.5
Bukidnon 455 96.7 2.1 1.3 0.0
Camiguin 59 98.3 1.7 0.0 0.0
Lanao del Norte 360 95.1 2.5 1.4 1.1
Misamis Occidental 282 96.4 3.2 0.0 0.4
Misamis Oriental 574 94.6 2.3 2.5 0.7
XI. Davao 1,816 95.6 3.2 1.0 0.3
Davao del Norte 345 97.2 2.5 0.3 0.0
Davao del Sur 979 96.9 2.6 0.5 0.1
Davao Oriental 231 87.8 5.8 5.1 1.3
Compostela Valley 261 95.1 4.1 0.4 0.4
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN7 1,773 93.8 4.8 1.2 0.2
North Cotabato 503 94.0 4.4 0.8 0.8
South Cotabato 693 94.9 3.9 1.3 0.0
Sultan Kudarat 295 88.9 9.1 2.1 0.0
Sarangani 220 96.3 3.2 0.5 0.0
ARMM8 1,084 87.1 9.6 2.4 0.9
Basilan9 135 96.1 2.5 1.4 0.0
Lanao del Sur 319 82.1 11.7 4.1 2.1
Maguindanao 377 88.3 8.6 2.3 0.8
Sulu 154 85.8 13.0 1.2 0.0
Tawi-Tawi 132 89.5 9.0 1.5 0.0
Caraga 1,570 97.7 1.5 0.6 0.2
Agusan del Norte 443 98.4 1.3 0.2 0.0
Agusan del Sur 376 95.4 3.3 1.1 0.3
Surigao del Norte 346 98.9 0.6 0.3 0.3
Surigao del Sur 405 98.0 1.0 0.8 0.3
5 National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein
District I – Manila District III – Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela
District II – Quezon City, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan District IV – Makati, Pateros, Taguig, La Piñas, Parañaque, Pasay
6 Although administratively Isabela City is the capital province of Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula
region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province of Basilan
7 Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of North Cotabato.
8 excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato
9 including the City of Isabela
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Appendix 29. Mean dietary diversity score of households by wealth quintile and region: Philippines, 2013
Region Wealth
quintile n Mean SE
C.I.
L.L. U.L.
Philippines
Poorest 8,266 8.7 0.0 8.6 8.7
Poor 7,600 9.2 0.0 9.2 9.3
Middle 7,012 9.5 0.0 9.5 9.6
Rich 6,432 9.8 0.0 9.7 9.8
Richest 6,004 10.2 0.0 10.1 10.2
NCR
Poorest 96 9.2 0.2 8.8 9.5
Poor 313 9.5 0.1 9.3 9.7
Middle 578 9.7 0.1 9.5 9.8
Rich 1,033 9.9 0.1 9.8 10.0
Richest 1,401 10.3 0.1 10.2 10.4
CAR
Poorest 291 8.4 0.2 8.0 8.8
Poor 316 9.0 0.2 8.7 9.3
Middle 236 9.4 0.2 9.1 9.7
Rich 261 9.5 0.2 9.2 9.9
Richest 332 10.0 0.2 9.5 10.5
I. Ilocos
Poorest 266 9.0 0.1 8.8 9.3
Poor 510 9.2 0.1 9.0 9.4
Middle 598 9.4 0.1 9.2 9.6
Rich 416 10.0 0.1 9.8 10.2
Richest 400 10.5 0.1 10.3 10.7
II. Cagayan Valley
Poorest 282 8.8 0.2 8.5 9.1
Poor 469 9.3 0.2 9.0 9.6
Middle 488 9.8 0.1 9.6 10.0
Rich 347 10.2 0.1 10.0 10.4
Richest 257 10.4 0.1 10.2 10.7
III. Central Luzon
Poorest 145 8.8 0.2 8.5 9.0
Poor 451 9.1 0.1 8.9 9.2
Middle 684 9.3 0.1 9.2 9.4
Rich 841 9.6 0.1 9.5 9.7
Richest 796 10.0 0.1 9.9 10.2
IV-A. CALABARZON
Poorest 269 8.4 0.2 8.1 8.7
Poor 514 8.7 0.1 8.6 8.9
Middle 703 9.0 0.1 8.8 9.2
Rich 914 9.4 0.1 9.2 9.5
Richest 997 9.9 0.1 9.7 10.0
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Continuation of Appendix 29…
Region Wealth
quintile n Mean SE
C.I.
L.L. U.L.
IV-B. MIMAROPA
Poorest 516 8.2 0.2 7.9 8.5
Poor 349 8.9 0.1 8.6 9.1
Middle 325 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
Rich 224 9.7 0.1 9.5 9.9
Richest 129 10.1 0.1 9.9 10.4
V. Bicol
Poorest 684 9.0 0.1 8.8 9.2
Poor 527 9.6 0.1 9.5 9.8
Middle 503 9.7 0.1 9.6 9.9
Rich 274 10.2 0.1 10.0 10.4
Richest 197 10.4 0.1 10.2 10.6
VI. Western Visayas
Poorest 756 8.8 0.1 8.6 9.0
Poor 706 9.3 0.1 9.2 9.5
Middle 495 9.7 0.1 9.5 9.9
Rich 312 10.0 0.1 9.8 10.2
Richest 225 10.3 0.1 10.1 10.5
VII. Central Visayas
Poorest 650 9.1 0.1 8.9 9.3
Poor 610 9.5 0.1 9.3 9.7
Middle 536 9.9 0.1 9.7 10.0
Rich 393 10.0 0.1 9.8 10.2
Richest 343 10.2 0.1 10.0 10.4
VIII. Eastern Visayas
Poorest 737 8.5 0.1 8.4 8.7
Poor 541 9.0 0.1 8.8 9.2
Middle 359 9.4 0.1 9.2 9.6
Rich 225 9.8 0.1 9.5 10.0
Richest 170 10.1 0.1 9.8 10.3
IX. Zamboanga Peninsula
Poorest 627 8.7 0.1 8.5 8.9
Poor 325 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
Middle 205 9.7 0.1 9.5 10.0
Rich 160 10.2 0.1 9.9 10.5
Richest 114 10.2 0.2 9.8 10.5
X. Northern Mindanao Poorest 474 8.6 0.1 8.4 8.9
Poor 454 9.3 0.1 9.0 9.5
Middle 316 9.4 0.2 9.1 9.7
Rich 270 9.9 0.1 9.6 10.1
Richest 180 10.1 0.2 9.8 10.4
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Continuation of Appendix 29…
Region Wealth
quintile n Mean SE
C.I.
L.L. U.L.
XI. Davao
Poorest 554 8.8 0.2 8.5 9.1
Poor 443 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
Middle 327 9.8 0.1 9.6 10.0
Rich 299 10.1 0.1 10.0 10.3
Richest 183 10.4 0.1 10.2 10.6
XII. SOCCSKSARGEN
Poorest 602 8.5 0.1 8.2 8.8
Poor 449 9.3 0.1 9.1 9.5
Middle 338 9.7 0.1 9.5 9.9
Rich 231 10.0 0.1 9.8 10.2
Richest 136 10.4 0.1 10.2 10.6
ARMM
Poorest 768 7.4 0.2 7.1 7.8
Poor 177 8.7 0.2 8.2 9.1
Middle 80 9.5 0.3 9.0 10.0
Rich 35 9.2 0.4 8.4 10.0
Richest 14 10.1 0.8 8.6 11.6
Caraga
Poorest 549 9.1 0.1 8.9 9.3
Poor 446 9.4 0.1 9.2 9.6
Middle 241 9.8 0.1 9.6 10.0
Rich 197 10.0 0.1 9.8 10.3
Richest 130 10.4 0.1 10.2 10.6
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Appendix 30. Questionnaires
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