NationalCollegiate

AthleticAssociation

Table of Contents

What is the NCAA? ......................................................3

History ..........................................................................6

Purpose..........................................................................8

Membership..................................................................9

Organization ................................................................10

NCAA Services............................................................13Championships........................................................15Student-Athlete Benefits ........................................18

Athletics Certification..................................................20

Education Services ....................................................21Education Outreach ................................................21Health and Safety....................................................22Drug Testing/Education ..........................................23Professional Development......................................24

Youth Programs ..........................................................25

Cosponsored Programs..............................................26NYSC........................................................................26Citizenship Through Sports ....................................26Stay In Bounds........................................................26National Girls Sports Camps ..................................27National Center for Drug-Free Sport ......................27

Scholarships and Grants ............................................28Postgraduate Scholarship Program........................28Byers Postgraduate Scholarship ............................29Ethnic Minority and Women’s Enhancement........30Degree Completion ................................................30Division II Strategic Alliance Matching Grants ......31Division III Initiatives ..............................................31

Leadership Advisory Group........................................32Freedom Forum-NCAA Sports-Journalism Scholarship ..............................32

Enforcement Services ................................................33Finances ......................................................................39

Hall of Champions ......................................................41

NCAA Online ..............................................................42

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What is the NCAA?

The National Collegiate Athletic Association isthe organization through which the nation’scolleges and universities speak and act on athleticsmatters at the national level. It is a voluntary asso-ciation of 1,265 institutions, conferences,organizations and individuals devoted to the soundadministration of intercollegiate athletics.

In short, the NCAA and intercollegiate athleticsare committed to the best interests, education andathletics participation of student-athletes. It is amembership-led association of college and univer-sities with athletics programs committed to:

Protecting the best interests of

student-athletes.

Presidents, athletics directors, senior womanadministrators and faculty athletics representativesfrom member schools vote on legislation thatprotects the integrity of student-athletes, collegesports and athletics participation against corruptingoutside influences. Student-athletes have a voicein the governance of college sports throughcommittees at the campus, conference andnational levels. The safety of student-athletes issupported through playing rules, research andrecommended sports-medicine policy. Timedemands on student-athletes from their sport arelimited both during the week and by the length ofthe season through NCAA bylaws.

3

Ensuring a quality education

for student-athletes.

NCAA initial- and continuing-eligibility requirements, as wellas individual college admissionsand graduation standards,ensure a fundamentalacademic foundation as acondition for athletics participa-tion. Academic standardscontinually are monitored andrevised to ensure qualityeducation opportunities for abroad range of student-athletes.

Supporting athletics participa-

tion opportunities for

student-athletes.

By promoting intercollegiateathletics and higher educationthrough its agreements withCBS, ESPN and CorporatePartners, the NCAA helpsgenerate funding for athleticsopportunities. NCAA memberinstitutions spend in excess of$4 billion annually to provideparticipation opportunities, and94 cents of every dollar thatcomes to the NCAA goes backto member schools in directdollars, championships or serv-ices. NCAA bylaws provide for a“level playing field” on whichmember schools participateagainst one another. Whileplaying rules provide for fairplay, NCAA recruiting rulesprovide equal opportunities foraccess to intercollegiateathletics.

4

Through the NCAA, member colleges considerany athletics problem that crosses regional orconference lines and has become national incharacter. The Association strives to maintainintercollegiate athletics as an integral part of theeducational program and the athlete as an inte-gral part of the student body. The NCAA alsostands for good conduct in intercollegiateathletics and serves as the colleges’ nationalathletics accrediting agency.

The NCAA has grown dramatically in the past50 years, with more than 900 new memberssince 1950. Today, the NCAA serves more than355,000 student-athletes by providing educa-tional opportunities in the classroom and on thefield and court that prepare them for futuresuccess in life and society.

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HistoryIt was the flying wedge, football’s major offense

in 1905, that spurred the formation of the NCAA.

The game’s rugged nature, typified by massformations and gang tackling, resulted innumerous injuries and deaths and prompted manyinstitutions to discontinue the sport. Others urgedthat football be reformed or abolished from inter-collegiate athletics.

President Theodore Roosevelt summonedcollege athletics leaders to two White Houseconferences to encourage such reforms. In earlyDecember 1905, Chancellor Henry M.MacCracken of New York University convened ameeting of 13 institutions to initiate changes infootball-playing rules. At a subsequent meetingDecember 28 in New York City, theIntercollegiate Athletic Association of the United

States (IAAUS) wasfounded by 62members.

The IAAUS officiallywas constituted March31, 1906, and took itspresent name, theNCAA, in 1910. For

several years, the NCAA was a discussion groupand rules-making body; but in 1921, the firstNCAA national championship was held: theNational Collegiate Track and FieldChampionships. Gradually, more rules commit-tees were formed and more championshipswere held.

A series of crises brought the NCAA to acrossroads after World War II. The “Sanity Code”— adopted to establish guidelines for recruitingand financial aid — failed to curb abusesinvolving student-athletes. Postseason footballgames were multiplying rapidly. Member institu-tions were increasingly concerned about theeffects of unrestricted television on footballattendance.

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The complexity and scope of these problemsand the growth in membership and championshipsdemonstrated the increasing need for full-timeprofessional leadership. In 1951, Walter Byers,who previously had served as a part-time execu-tive assistant, was named executive director. Anational headquarters was established in KansasCity, Missouri, in 1952. A program to control livetelevision of football games was approved, theannual Convention delegated enforcement powersto the Association’s Council and legislation wasadopted governing postseason bowl games.

The Association’s membership was divided intothree legislative and competitive divisions — I, IIand III — in 1973. Five years later, Division Imembers voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AAin the sport of football.

The NCAA began administering women’sathletics programs in 1980 when Divisions II andIII established 10 championships for 1981-82. Ayear later, the historic 75th Convention adoptedan extensive governance plan to include women’sathletics programs, services and representation.The delegates expanded the women’s champi-onships program with the addition of 19 events.

On August 1, 1997, the NCAA implemented achange in its governance structure that providesgreater autonomy for eachdivision and more control bythe presidents of membercolleges and universities.

Walter Byers retiredOctober 1, 1987, after 36years as the Association’sexecutive director. He wasreplaced by Richard D.Schultz, who resigned in1993. Cedric Dempsey ledthe Association beginning in1994 and served as presidentuntil December 2002. Today, the national officestaff of more than 320 employees based inIndianapolis is led by President Myles Brand.

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NCAA PresidentMyles Brand

PurposeThe National Collegiate

Athletic Association’s purposesare:

• To initiate, stimulate andimprove intercollegiateathletics programs for student-athletes and to promote anddevelop educational leader-ship, physical fitness, athleticsexcellence and athletics partic-ipation as a recreationalpursuit.

• To uphold the principle of insti-tutional control of, andresponsibility for, all intercolle-giate sports in conformity withthe constitution and bylaws ofthe Association.

• To encourage its members toadopt eligibility rules to complywith satisfactory standards ofscholarship, sportsmanshipand amateurism.

• To formulate, copyright andpublish rules of play governingintercollegiate athletics.

• To preserve intercollegiateathletics records.

• To supervise the conduct of,and to establish eligibility stan-dards for, regional and nationalathletics events under theauspices of the Association.

• To cooperate with otheramateur organizations inpromoting and conductingnational and internationalathletics events.

• To legislate, through bylaws orby resolutions, any subject of

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general concern to the members related to theadministration of intercollegiate athletics.

• To study, in general, all phases of competitiveintercollegiate athletics and establish standardswhereby the colleges and universities of theUnited States can maintain their athleticsprograms on a high level.

MembershipAll sizes and types of institutions, from the

largest state universities to small private andchurch-affiliated colleges, compose the NCAA.More than 355,000 student-athletes participateannually in NCAA-sponsored sports.

Any four-year college or university may beelected to active membership if it is accredited bythe recognized academic accrediting agency of itsregion; maintains a specified minimum number ofintercollegiate sports for men and women (one ineach of the three traditional seasons); complieswith all NCAA legislation (as certified by the chiefexecutive officer) dealing with financial aid,recruiting, playing seasons, postseason competi-

OvOverall Participation inNCNCAAAA-Sponsored Sports

1993

-9419

94-95

1995

-9619

96-97

1997

-9819

98-99

1999

-0020

00-01

Men Women

208,4

81

199,3

75

102,9

9419

1,225

149,1

15

146,6

17

206,5

73

206,3

6612

5,268

207,5

92

133,3

7620

0,031

107,6

0518

6,607

129,2

95

145,8

32

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tion and other areas of administration; and agreesto cooperate fully with the NCAA enforcementprogram and to respect penalties imposed by theprogram.

In addition to active members — four-yearinstitutions with full competitive and legislativeprivileges — the Association provides for memberconferences, affiliated members (coaches associa-tions and other related groups), provisionalmembers (institutions fulfilling a four-year require-ment before eligibility for active membership) andcorresponding members (institutions, conferencesand nonprofit organizations not qualifying for theother categories).

There currently are 1,006 active members (325in Division I, 270 in Division II and 411 in DivisionIII) and 130 conference members. There are 28provisional members, 80 affiliated members and21 corresponding members.

Active membersdetermine which of thethree membership divi-sions is mostappropriate for theirprograms, based ontheir ability to meetcriteria established bythe divisions. Generally,the differences in clas-sifications includesports sponsorshipminimum criteria, foot-ball and basketballscheduling requirements, academic and eligibilitystandards, and financial aid limitations. In addition,Division I-A members are required to meetminimum paid football attendance criteria.

OrganizationOn August 1, 1997, the NCAA implemented the

most significant reform of its governance structurein its history.

The restructuring allows greater autonomy for

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each division and more control by chief executiveofficers.

Under restructuring, athletics administrators playa primary role for the maintenance of collegesports, and in most instances, for developing legis-lation that the presidents then consider for eachdivision and the Association.

Before restructuring, the final authority andgoverning body of the NCAA was its annualConvention. Each school and conference memberheld one vote on Convention issues. Now, theNCAA governance structure functions as follows:

Division IIn Division I, the one-vote principle was replaced

with a legislative system based on conferencerepresentation. Legislation is approved by an 18-member Board of Directors (rather than a vote ofall Division I members at an annual Convention).

In addition, the committee structure in Division Iincludes cabinets responsible for academic affairs,eligibility and compliance; and championships andcompetition. Several Division I committees,including rules and sports committees, reportdirectly to a cabinet.

Both cabinets and certain committees report tothe Division I Management Council, which reportsto the Board. The 49-member ManagementCouncil contains athletics administrators and

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faculty athletics representatives empowered tomake recommendations to the Board and tohandle responsibilities delegated to it.

No legislation is created in Division I through avote of the membership. Division-wide voting maybe done only through an override vote processthat requires a written request from at least 30Division I members.

Divisions II and IIIDivisions II and III have Management Councils

and presidential boards that are similar to the onesin Division I; however, in both cases, the presiden-tial body is known as the Presidents Council ratherthan the Board of Directors.

Legislation in both divisions is consideredthrough the traditional one-school, one-voteprocess at an annual Convention.

Each division offers a committee structure thatfocuses on issues as they relate to the division.

Executive CommitteeThe governance structure includes an Executive

Committee composed of institutional chief execu-tive officers who oversee Association-wide issues.It is charged with ensuring that each division oper-ates consistently with the basic purposes,fundamental policies and general principles of theAssociation.

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NCAAServices

The NCAA serves as a governance and adminis-trative structure through which its members:

• Enact legislation to deal with athletics problemswhen the problems spread across regional linesand when member institutions conclude thatnational action is needed.

• Interpret legislation adopted by the membership.

• Combine to represent intercollegiate athletics inlegislative and regulatory matters on the stateand federal levels. This involvement includessuch areas as federal taxes affecting collegeathletics, antibribery and gambling laws, televi-sion, international competition, and federal aid toeducation affecting sports and physical educa-tion.

• Provide financial assistance and other help togroups that are interested in promoting andadvancing intercollegiate athletics.

• Promote their championship events and all inter-collegiate athletics through numerouscommunication channels (e.g., television, radio,print, Internet, outdoor advertising) to providenew and greater exposure for positive storiesand messages involving student-athletes.

• Compile and distribute football, basketball, base-ball, ice hockey, lacrosse, women’s softball,soccer and women’s volleyball statistics.Regular-season records are maintained inwomen’s volleyball and softball, football, baseballand basketball; championships records are main-tained in all sports in which the memberssponsor NCAA championship competition.

• Maintain committees to write and interpretplaying rules in 14 sports.

• Conduct research as a way to find solutions toathletics problems. These efforts include surveysabout academics, television, postseason events,athletics and recreational facilities, sports injuries

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and safety, recruiting, financial aid, playingseasons, the cost of intercollegiate athletics, andthe effects of participation on the student-athlete.

• Provide communication services to theAssociation by publishing The NCAA News anddozens of other publications.

• Maximize exposure for student-athletes andNCAA championships by integrating all broad-cast mediums. The NCAA’s involvement intelevision, radio and Internet includes the admin-istration of the CBS Sports and ESPN contracts.All championships benefit from national orregional television coverage.

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700M

600M

500M

400M

300M

200M

100M

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

CBS/ESPNBundled-Rights Contract Revenue Projections

PercentAmount Increase Increase

2002-03 .......... $370,000,000 70,000,000 23.3*2003-04 .......... $400,000,000 30,000,000 8.12004-05 .......... $432,000,000 32,000,000 8.02005-06 .......... $466,000,000 34,000,000 7.92006-07 .......... $503,800,000 37,800,000 8.12007-08 .......... $543,800,000 40,000,000 7.92008-09 .......... $586,800,000 43,000,000 7.92009-10 .......... $633,800,000 47,000,000 8.02010-11............ $674,900,000 41,100,000 6.52011-12 .......... $728,800,000 53,900,000 8.02012-13 .......... $783,100,000 54,300,000 7.5

*Approximate increase in television and marketing rights fees in2001-02.

• Maintain a complianceservices program thatassists members inconducting institutionalself-studies through acentral resource clear-inghouse andcounseling agency toanswer questions aboutintercollegiate athleticsand athletics administra-tion.

• Administer insurance programs, including a life-time catastrophic injury insurance program, toensure that member institutions can provideprotection for student-athletes during competi-tion, practice and travel. The Association alsoarranges disability insurance protection for elitestudent-athletes.

• Promote and participate in international sportsplanning and competition through membershipin the U.S. Olympic Committee and othernational governing bodies of amateur sports.

• Sanction postseason competition and certifycertain noncollegiate contests to protect theirinstitutional interests and those of theirstudent-athletes.

• Administer the Youth Education through Sports(YES) program.

• Administer national and international marketingand licensing programs to enhance intercolle-giate athletics and to expand youth developmentprograms.

ChampionshipsThe NCAA administers 87 championships in 22

sports for its member institutions. More than44,900 men and women student-athletes annuallycompete in these events for national titles.

The National Collegiate Championships seriesbegan with a tennis tournament in 1883 and hasbeen conducted under NCAA auspices since 1921,when the National Collegiate Track and Field

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Championships were initiated.National College DivisionChampionships were held from1957 to 1973, with 10 sportsincluded.

Reorganization of the NCAAmembership structure in 1973led to the establishment of divi-sion championships in each ofthe Association’s three newmembership classifications. Afootball championship for theDivision I-AA subdivision wasadded in 1978, and women’schampionships became part ofthe NCAA program in 1981-82.

There currently are nineNational CollegiateChampionships for which all divi-sions are eligible — three formen, three for women, andthree men’s and women’sevents. There are 26 NationalCollegiate Division IChampionships (13 men, 13

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21,904

9,469 23,583

24,180

24,332

24,785

40,610

36,055

NCAA Championships Participation

14,091 7,813

14,114

14,285 9,895

14,129 10,203

14,126 10,659

20,300 15,755

21,958 18,652

38,25520,464 17,451

42,70821,812 20,555

44,93322,473 22,120

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

Men Women Total(Note: Total includes coed championships participants.)

women), 25 National Collegiate Division IIChampionships (12 men, 13 women) and 27National Collegiate Division III Championships (13men, 14 women).

Championships for men are offered in one ormore divisions in baseball, basketball, crosscountry, football (except in Division I-A), golf,gymnastics, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swim-ming and diving, tennis, indoor track, outdoortrack, volleyball, water polo, and wrestling.

Women’s championships are sponsored inbasketball, cross country, field hockey, golf,gymnastics, ice hockey, lacrosse, rowing, soccer,softball, swimming and diving, tennis, indoor track,outdoor track, volleyball, and water polo.

The NCAA sponsors combined men’s andwomen’s national championships in fencing, rifleand skiing.

The NCAA also is engaged in several champi-onship promotional activities (e.g., fan festivals,development of opening ceremonies) that aredesigned to provide participating student-athletesand fans attending the championship a morerewarding and memorable experience.

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Student-Athlete BenefitsThe NCAA conducts many programs that

benefit student-athletes educationally, sociallyand financially.

Among the most important of those is theNCAA catastrophic injury insurance program.The Association paid 100 percent of the $7.5million insurance premium for the policy in2001-02.

The current catastrophic injury insurancepolicy provides up to $20 million in lifetimebenefits to varsity student-athletes who arecatastrophically injured during qualifying play orpractice, or during travel related to those activi-ties. The current policy has a $65,000deductible and provides benefits for necessarymedical care and treatment in excess of allother available benefit plans.

For catastrophically injured student-athleteswho are considered permanently disabled underthe terms of the plan, additional special anddisability benefits have been made available.Among those are monthly disability payments,home modification and assimilation/rehabilita-tion benefits. The benefits also allow for skilled,private duty nursing care received at home.

In addition to the catastrophic injury insuranceprogram, the Association has acted to benefitstudent-athletes in many other ways:

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Catastrophic Insurance Premiums

Year Premium

1997 ....................$ 3,602,0001998 ....................$ 3,975,0001999 ....................$ 7,383,000 2000....................$ 7,383,000 2001 ....................$ 7,383,0002002 ....................$ 7,534,834

• Nearly 300 student-athletes from across thenation representing 32 sports and all threedivisions attend the annual NCAA Student-Athlete Leadership Conference. Theparticipants discuss important issues facingtheir peers, enhance their leadership skills andlearn how to communicate more effectively.

• The Division I Special Assistance Fund is ahighly valuable resource for almost 25,000student-athletes. Money from the SpecialAssistance Fund may be awarded to Division Istudent-athletes who are eligible for PellGrants or who have demonstrated financialneed. Student-athletes who may otherwisebe unable to afford necessities such asclothing, basic supplies for classes, a triphome for a family emergency or medical carenot provided by an insurance program mayreceive help from the Division I SpecialAssistance Fund.

• Each Division I institution receives $50,000from the Academic Enhancement Fund. In2001-02, the Academic Enhancement Fundprovided $16.05 million to Division I institu-tions.

• Division II has several student-athlete initia-tives that include the student-athlete regionalleadership conferences, additional funding forconference grants to enhance student-athleteadvisory committees and funding for DivisionII degree-completion grants. Also, a Division IIAcademic Support Grant Program of $1million and a Division II Student-AthleteAssistance Fund to aid student-athletes withspecial financial needs takes effect in the fall2004.

• Division III has regional student-athlete leader-ship conferences that began in 2002-03. Newprograms that are underway include a pilotversion of Student-Athletes Taking ActiveResponsible Roles, which is designed toencourage social norming as a means ofdiscouraging alcohol abuse; an institutional

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grant program toenhance student-athlete welfarethrough campusprograms focusingon topics such aseating disorders,behavior manage-ment andsportsmanship;and an annualgrant to supportthe student-athlete advisorycommittee in eachconference.

Athletics CertificationAthletics certification was approved for Division I

institutions at the 1993 NCAA Convention. Theprogram is intended to further the NCAA’sfundamental commitment to integrity by openinginstitutions’ athletics programs to universitycommunities and the public through comprehen-sive institutional self-studies.

Each Division I institution is expected tocomplete a periodic self-study. It covers fourareas — governance and commitment to rulescompliance, academic integrity, fiscal integrity, andcommitment to equity. At the end of the self-study, a peer-review team composed ofexperienced educational and athletics personnelvisits the campus to verify that the self-study wasaccurate, that it was characterized by campus-wideparticipation and that the athletics programconforms to national standards adopted by theDivision I membership.

The program is administered by a committeethat includes college presidents, athletics adminis-trators, faculty representatives and conferencecommissioners. The committee receives thewritten reports of institutions and peer-reviewteams, and those reports become the basis fordetermining the institution’s certification status.

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EducationServices

In addition to scholarshipopportunities, the NCAA alsohas a number of other programsthat assist student-athletes aswell as administrators andothers in the college athleticscommunity. Components of theNCAA’s education servicesinclude:

Education OutreachThe education outreach

program provides services andsupport to the membership,public and media to develop andenhance the life of the student-athlete through educationalprograms and resourcesfocusing on gender equity,student-athlete welfare and lifeskills.

With the guidance andsupport of the NCAA Committeeon Women’s Athletics, Student-Athlete Advisory Committee andNCAA Leadership AdvisoryGroup, this area has fostered thefollowing student-athlete welfareinitiatives:

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• Title IX Seminars. Each year, more than 300individuals participate in Association-sponsoredTitle IX seminars designed to offer information,assistance and ideas regarding Title IX compli-ance and gender-equity issues.

• Achieving Gender Equity Guide. Producedand revised annually, this publication offers thebasic guidelines forcompliance with TitleIX and enhancementof gender equity. Theguide includes infor-mation about currentcase law and promo-tional ideas for existingand emerging sports.

• CHAMPS/Life Skills

Program. The NCAA iscommitted to acomprehensiveprogram of life skillsthat provides educational experience and serv-ices to develop well-balanced lifestyles forstudent-athletes. More than 200 NCAA memberinstitutions currently participate in theCHAMPS/Life Skills program.

• Resource Center and Brochures. Select piecesfrom the Association’s collection of case law,Internet resources and literature on Title IX andother student-athlete welfare issues are availablefor distribution upon request. Brochures on therole of the senior woman administrator, creatinga campus student-athlete advisory committeeand implementing a CHAMPS/Life SkillsProgram also are available from the NCAA.

• Outreach and Education. Educational outreachat national conferences and meetings allows forthe presentation of student-athlete welfareissues to constituent groups critical to student-athletes’ success.

Health and SafetyThe NCAA sports sciences efforts are devoted

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to the health and welfare of the student-athleteand competitive integrity of college sports. Thisarea produces the NCAA Sports MedicineHandbook, Sports Sciences EducationNewsletter and other educational materials andcoordinates several programs including:

• NCAA Injury Surveillance System (ISS).

Injury data arecollected yearly froma representativesample of NCAAmember institutionsand the resulting datasummaries arereviewed by theCompetitiveSafeguards andMedical Aspects ofSports Committee.The goal is to reduceinjury rates through

changes in rules, protective equipment orcoaching techniques based on data providedby the ISS.

• TEAM (Techniques for Effective Alcohol

Management). The NCAA is a member ofTEAM, a national coalition that includes mostamateur, professional and other nationalsports organizations committed to developingpolicies, promotional and educationalprograms about alcohol consumption inconjunction with athletics events.

• CHOICES. A grant program, CHOICESencourages NCAA colleges, universities andconferences to develop, implement and eval-uate alcohol-education programs that worktoward the elimination of illegal and excessiveconsumption of alcohol on college campuses.

Drug Testing/EducationThe NCAA drug-testing program is the largest

sports drug-testing program in the world, withtesting conducted at NCAA championships andon campuses throughout the year. Other

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programs associated with the NCAA’s drug-testing/education operation include:

• NCAA Sports Sciences Speakers Grant

Program. NCAA members are eligible to applyfor grants that fund speaker fees for athleticsdepartment drug-education and/or wellnessprograms or for the research, implementationand development of model drug-educationprograms.

• NCAA/Betty Ford Center Program.TheNCAA/Betty Ford Center Alcoholism and DrugAddiction Awareness Program is a continuationof the center’s efforts to raise awareness andprovide an understanding of the diseases ofalcoholism and drug addiction. Athletics staffmembers can attend a three-day professionalin-residence program at the center as part of theprogram.

Professional DevelopmentUnder the guidance of the Minority

Opportunities and Interests Committee andCommittee on Women’s Athletics since October1988, this area offers opportunity-enhancementprograms for ethnic minorities and women thatinclude:

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• Postgraduate Scholarships. Established toincrease the pool of ethnic minorities andwomen pursuing degrees in the field of sportsadministration or a related field.

• Internship Program. The NCAA national officeinternships provide on-the-job learning experi-ence for ethnic minority and women collegegraduates who have expressed an interest inpursuing a career in sports administration.

• Diversity Education. These regional andnational workshops for athletics staff andpersonnel responsible for athletics administra-tion enhance minority opportunities inathletics by sensitizing individuals at all levelsof athletics participation to the importance ofdiversity.

• Fellows Leadership Development Program.

The NCAA Fellows Program has been devel-oped with the specific goal of enhancing theemployment and leadership opportunities forminorities and women at the senior manage-ment level of athletics administration.

• Outreach Program. This program has beendeveloped to support the Association’s effortsto improve graduation rates and the quality ofthe student-athlete’s experience. The focus ofthe program is to provide information and toenhance the academic preparation for poten-tial college students.

Youth Programs• YES. Each year, Youth Education through

Sports (YES) clinics, held at NCAA and confer-ence championships, serve nearly 11,000 10-to 18-year olds who engage in fun and chal-lenging sports skills, enrichment andconditioning sessions conducted by top colle-giate coaches and student-athletes. Parentshave the opportunity to discuss with clinicstaff issues regarding youth sports such ascoaching, nutrition, sportsmanship and injuryprevention.

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CosponsoredPrograms

NYSCSince 1968, the National Youth

Sports Corporation (NYSC) hasprovided youth from lower-income communities theopportunity to receive benefitsfrom structured sports andeducation programs. Kids ages10 through 16 are eligible toparticipate at no cost. NYSC is acollaborative effort that bringstogether the federal govern-ment, represented by the U.S.Department of Health andHuman Services (DHHS) and thenation’s colleges and universi-ties, acting through the NCAA. Aminimum of 90 percent of theparticipants in each project mustmeet economic criteria estab-lished by the DHHS.

Citizenship ThroughSports

A joint effort by the school,college and Olympic communi-ties and professional sportsorganizations, the CitizenshipThrough Sports Alliancepromotes the value of citizenshiprealized through sportsmanshipand ethical play in athletics. Thisinitiative seeks to generate asports culture that supportsthose values necessary to teachand learn respect for self andothers.

Stay In BoundsStay In Bounds, a program

that features the collectivestrength and visibility of the

26

Citizenship Through Sports Alliance, brings diver-gent community groups that include youthdevelopment and faith-based organizationstogether in a well-focused character developmentcoalition. This initiative takes advantage of theattraction of sport to teach core values of characterand ethics to school-age children.

Stay In Bounds offers a strategic approach forschool districts, athlete mentors, youth develop-ment professionals and business leaders to worktogether in building character, fostering responsiblebehavior and encouraging healthy competition andcooperation among young people, with sportsparticipation as a vehicle.

National Girls Sports Camps The National Girls Sports clinics were created

to encourage participation by girls, particularlyminorities, in nontraditional sports.

National Center for Drug-FreeSport

The National Center for Drug-Free Sport is thepremier provider of comprehensive athletics drug-prevention services. Drug-Free Sport is the officialadministrator of the NCAA drug-testing programsand establishes and manages preventionprograms for athletics organizations trulycommitted to creating drug-free environments.Drug-Free Sport also offers the ResourceExchange Center (REC), an online resource thatprovides free, confidential and accurate informa-tion related to banned substances andperformance enhancers to NCAA athletes, trainersand administrators. The REC is online atwww.drugfreesport.com.

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Scholarships and Grants

Each year, the NCAA awards scholarships todeserving students who participate in collegeathletics and/or are pursuing an athletics-relatedcareer as well as grants that support the educationand development of student-athletes and adminis-trators.

A summary of the various NCAA scholarshipand grant programs follows.

Postgraduate ScholarshipProgram

The NCAA awards 174 postgraduate scholar-ships annually, 87 for men and 87 for women. Thescholarships are awarded to student-athletes whoexcel academically and athletically and who are intheir last year of intercollegiate athletics competi-tion.

One-time grants of $5,000 each are presentedto 35 football participants, 32 (16 men and 16women) basketball players and 107 (36 men and71 women) varsity student-athletes who competein sports other than football and basketball and inwhich the NCAA conducts national championships.A proportionate number of awards in each cate-gory are allocated for Divisions I, II and III, with theremaining at-large scholarships selected withoutdivision restriction. The scholarships are one-time,nonrenewable grants.

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NCAA Scholarship Amounts Per Year

Postgraduate 174 x $ 6,900 = $1,200,000

Minorities and Women 26 x $ 6,000 = $ 156,000

Byers Scholars 4 x $ 21,500 = $ 86,000

Degree Completion varies x varies = $ 950,000

Total $ 2,392,000

Eligibility is restricted to student-athletes atNCAA member institutions who, in their finalyear of eligibility, have performed with distinctionas members of varsity teams in the sport forwhich they were nominated. Nominees musthave a minimum grade-point average of 3.0(based on a 4.0 scale), be nominated by thefaculty athletics representative or athleticsdirector, and intend to continue academic workbeyond the baccalaureate degree as a full-timegraduate student.

Selections are made threetimes each academic year.Nomination forms are sent tofaculty athletics representativesfor football in late November, forbasketball in late January andfor other sports in mid-March.Candidates are screened byeight regional selection commit-tees and the winners areselected by the NCAAPostgraduate ScholarshipCommittee.

Byers Postgraduate ScholarshipProgram

The Byers Postgraduate Scholarship Programwas established in 1987 in honor of former NCAAExecutive Director Walter Byers to recognize andencourage excellence in academic performance bystudent-athletes. This scholarship is awardedannually to one male and one female in recognitionof outstanding academic achievement and poten-tial for success in graduate study. It is renewablefor a second year if the recipient is in goodacademic standing.

Candidates are nominated by institutionalrepresentatives and must have achieved a 3.5grade-point average on a 4.0 scale while showinggood character, leadership and citizenship.

The program is administered by the WalterByers Scholarship Committee. The annual stipendis $21,500.

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Ethnic Minority and Women’sEnhancement Program

Twelve scholarships to ethnic minorities and 13scholarships to women are available annually tocollege graduates who will be entering the firstsemester of their postgraduate studies. The appli-cant must be accepted into a sports-administrationor related program. Each award is valued at $6,000.

The NCAA also offers one-year internships at itsnational office, providing on-the-job learningexperience for ethnic minorities and female collegegraduates who express an interest in pursuing acareer in college athletics administration.

Degree CompletionThe NCAA established this program to assist

student-athletes who have exhausted their eligi-bility for institutional financial aid. Applicants musthave completed eligibility for athletics-related aid ata Division I member institution before applying andmust be within 30 semester hours of their degreerequirements.

Full-time students receive grants equal to a fullathletics grant at the institution; part-time studentsreceive tuition and an allowance for books.

The program is administered by the NCAADegree Completion Program Review Board.

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Division I Graduation Rates1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Men Student-Athletes 53% 53% 53% 51% 52% 51% 51% 54%

Men Student Body 55% 55% 54% 53% 54% 54% 54% 56%

Women Student-Athletes 69% 67% 68% 67% 68% 68% 69% 69%

Women Student Body 58% 59% 58% 58% 59% 61% 61% 61%

Minority* Men Student-Athletes 42% 43% 43% 41% 40% 42% 41% 43%

Minority* Men Student Body 34% 35% 33% 34% 31% 32% 31% 34%

Minority* Women Student-Athletes 58% 58% 59% 56% 53% 57% 59% 60%

Minority* Women Student Body 41% 43% 42% 45% 41% 42% 42% 45%

*Minority=African-American in these data; other figures too small to report

Applications are available in the institution’s depart-ment of athletics.

Division II Strategic AllianceMatching Grant

The Division II Presidents Council, consistentwith the NCAA’s ideals of encouraging ethnic andgender diversity, implemented this strategicalliance matching grant enhancement initiative.

The grant provides funding for three years withdiminishing contributions by the NCAA to hire afull-time administrator. The NCAA funds 75 percentof the grant the first year, 50 percent in the secondyear and 25 percent in the third year. After theNCAA funding ends, the institution or conferenceoffice is required to maintain the initiative for aminimum of two years, and preferably, incorporatethe initiative into the ongoing operations of theinstitution or conference office.

Division III InitiativesDivision III has developed a set of initiatives that

promote student-athlete welfare, membershipeducation and diversity. The initiatives include:

*Ethnic Minority and Women’s Internship GrantProgram. Any active member institution or votingconference is eligible to apply for a $15,000 annualgrant to fund a two-year internship incoaching/administration.

*Initiative Grants. Grants to support the educa-tion and professional development of students,faculty, staff and administrators at Division IIImember institutions are available annually. Targetedareas of interest include student-athlete welfareissues, membership education of campus leadersand diversity. Grant amounts range from $10,000for an individual institution grant to $25,000 for acollaborative or conference office grant.

*Strategic Alliance Matching Grant. Division IIIallocates $650,000 to create full-time professionaladministrative positions for minorities and womenand to increase ethnic and gender diversity withinathletics administration and coaching staffs.Positions are funded for three years at incrementallevels of 75, 50 and 25 percent.

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NCAA LeadershipAdvisory Group

The NCAA Leadership Advisory Group, anonprofit tax-exempt corporation, was createdin 1988. The mission of the group is “togenerate and award funds in support ofprograms that enable student-athletes to partici-pate fully in the college community, to achievesuccessful academic and athletics experiences,and to prepare to be effective citizens andproductive contributors to society.”

To achieve this mission, resources are used tosupport such programs as: (1) Degree-Completion Awards, (2) CHOICES (analcohol-education program), (3) CHAMPS/LifeSkills (an academic and personal developmentprogram), (4) NCAA Leadership Advisory GroupConferences (leadership forum for student-athletes) and (5) Sports JournalismScholarships.

The advisory group is governed by a board ofdirectors of nationally prominent leaders ineducation, business, sports and entertainmentand is funded by contributions from the NCAAand the private sector.

Freedom Forum-NCAASport-Journalism Scholarship

The Freedom Forum, through a grant to theNCAA Leadership Advisory Group, supportseight $3,000 scholarships to college juniors whohave career goals in sports journalism and majorin journalism or have experience in campussports journalism.

The program assists deserving students intheir final year of study and is designed specifi-cally to promote quality sports journalism.

Applications for these scholarships are avail-able in late October from the institution’s NCAAfaculty athletics representative, journalismdepartment or school newspaper office.

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Enforcement Services

Creation of a mechanism toenforce the Association’s legisla-tion, which all members pledgeto observe, occurred in 1952after careful consideration by themembership. This decisionestablished an enforcementprogram designed to be a coop-erative undertaking involvingmember institutions and confer-ences working together throughthe NCAA for an improvedadministration of intercollegiateathletics.

Allegations of rules violationsare referred to the Association’sinvestigative staff. A preliminaryinvestigation is initiated to deter-mine if an official inquiry iswarranted and whether asecondary or major violation hasoccurred. The institution involvedis notified and may appear on itsown behalf before the NCAACommittee on Infractions, whichin Division I is comprised of 10members, seven of whom areon the staff of an active memberinstitution or conference, andtwo or three of whom areselected from the general public.

Findings of the Committee onInfractions and the resultantpenalty in major cases arereported to the public and theinstitution, which may appeal thefindings or penalty to an appealscommittee. After consideringwritten reports and oral presen-tations by representatives of theCommittee on Infractions and

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the institution, the appeals committee acts toeither accept the Committee on Infractions’ find-ings and penalties, or to vacate all or some of thefindings and penalties.

In addition, the enforcement services staffserves the membership in the following areas:

Secondary Enforcement. The secondaryinfractions group of the enforcement servicesstaff primarily is responsible for evaluating andprocessing institutional violations of NCAA legis-lation that have been determined to besecondary in nature. Most secondary violationsare self-reported by member institutions to theenforcement staff. Once a report of a secondaryviolation is received, the violation and the correc-tive and punitive actions taken by the institutionand/or conference are reviewed to determine ifthe actions are sufficient and consistent withsimilar, previously processed cases. If the actiontaken is not sufficient, the secondary infractionsstaff determines the appropriate penalties and/orcorrective actions that need to be imposed andcommunicates that decision to the institution.As a result, the secondary infractions group isresponsible for representing the enforcementstaff in any appeals of imposed penalties. Inaddition, letters of inquiry are sent to institutionswhen information is received indicating that apossible secondary violation may have occurred.

The secondary infractions group also isinvolved in developing and recommending proce-dures related to the processing of secondary

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violations, as well as reviewing, analyzing andrecommending penalty philosophies regardingsecondary violations. The director of secondaryenforcement assists the vice-president forenforcement services in determining whethercases should be processed as secondary ormajor, and serves as the liaison between theenforcement staff and the Committees onInfractions for Divisions I, II and III. Accordingly,the secondary infractions group assists the otherenforcement subgroups in establishing appro-priate penalties and processing violations thathave been developed by those groups, such asgambling violations and issues related tosummer basketball recruiting and event certifica-tion. Finally, the secondary infractions groupspends a considerable amount of time educatingthe membership regarding the self-reportingprocess, eligibility matters and penalties, whichinclude the development and maintenance of asecondary infractions database and Internet Webpage.

Student-Athlete Reinstatement. When a viola-tion of NCAA Bylaws 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16occurs, an institution must first acknowledge theviolation and declare the involved student-athlete(s)ineligible. If the institution wants to request rein-statement of the student-athlete, a written requestmust be submitted to the student-athlete rein-statement staff. After examining the facts andresearching case prece-dent, the staff willmake a decision alignedwith the reinstatementphilosophy, whichincludes the followinganalyses:

• Placing the student-athlete back in theposition he/she wasin before the violationoccurred (usuallyaccomplishedthrough repayment,

35

return of the benefit, withholding from the samenumber of contests that he/she competed inwhile ineligible).

• Assessing the culpability of the student-athlete.(Did the student-athlete know or should he/shehave known that he/she was in violation ofNCAA rules?)

• Assessing the competitive advantage resultingfrom the violation.

The student-athlete reinstatement staff’s deci-sion may include reinstating the student-athletewith no conditions, reinstating with conditions(e.g., withholding from a certain number ofcontests, repayment) or not reinstating at all.

After the staff issues its decision, the institutionmay appeal the decision to the NCAA Student-Athlete Reinstatement Committee. Since thestaff’s decision is binding until the subcommitteehears the case, it often is imperative that an expe-ditious appeal be heard, and some appeals arearranged in less than 48 hours. During the appeal,the committee reviews all case correspondencebefore a telephone conference involving the rein-statement staff, the institution, the student-athleteand the subcommittee members. The student-athlete is permitted to be represented by legalcounsel. After the staff presents the facts on thecall, the institution sets forth its reasons forappealing the staff’s decision, and the committeeasks questions of the institution, student-athleteand/or the staff. After all questions have been

36

answered, closing arguments are given and allparties leave the call with the exception of thesubcommittee members who remain on the calland deliberate. The committee may modify thestaff’s decision by lessening the reinstatementcondition, but the committee may not increase thepenalty. The committee’s decision is final.

Agent, Gambling and Amateurism Activities.

The agent, gambling and amateurism staff coordi-nates a comprehensive program addressing theseissues through an integrated program based onfour fundamental themes.

• Educate member institutions and student-athletes.

• Develop and maintain relationships withathletics governing bodies and other interestedindividuals (i.e., international governing bodies ofvarious sports, state government agencies,professional players associations, professionalsports leagues, law enforcement officials,coaches associations, and individuals in the legaland illegal sports wagering industry).

• Develop and investigate information related topossible violations of NCAA legislation involvingagent, gambling and amateurism issues.

• Implement and coordinate a clearinghouse ofinformation to be centralized at the NCAAnational office.

Basketball Certification.The basketball certifi-cation staff of the enforcement services group isresponsible for certifying noninstitutional basketballevents and leagues. Events are camps, tourna-ments, etc. in which prospective student-athletes(high-school and/or two-year college student-athletes) participate, and leagues are competitionsin which student-athletes participate. Events andleagues conducted during permissible recruitingperiods must be certified in order for NCAADivision I coaches to attend and student-athletesto participate. In order for an event to be certified,the event operator must submit an applicationbefore the event indicating that it will be

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conducted in compliance with NCAA certificationlegislation. After the event, the operator isrequired to submit a review package detailing theoperation of the event. The basketball certificationstaff is responsible for reviewing all documentationand determining whether the event should becertified. The basketball certification staff attendsmany men’s and women’s events and summerleagues to monitor compliance with NCAA certifi-cation and recruiting legislation, and to provideeducational sessions regarding NCAA rules.

In addition to certifying basketball events andleagues, the certification staff oversees the certifi-cation of summer baseball leagues. The staff alsois responsible for collecting financial disclosureinformation from Division I institutions. Further,as part of the enforcement group, the staff inves-tigates potential rules violations, internationalstudent-athlete issues, and agent, gambling andamateurism issues. The staff works closely withbasketball coach’s associations and athleticsorganizations such as the National Association ofState High School Associations and the AmateurAthletic Union.

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FinancesRevenue to meet the NCAA’s

budget, which features totaloperating expenses of $422.2million for 2002-03, is derivedprimarily from a bundled rightscontract with CBS for televisionrights for a number of NCAAchampionship events, as well asmarketing, radio, Internet,licensing, publishing and fanfestival rights for all 87 NCAAchampionships. The rights feesfrom this contract representapproximately 85 percent of theAssociation’s total revenue.

Additional revenue sourcesinclude royalties, championshipsevents and other miscellaneoussources.

Of the approved operationbudget, more than 58 percent ofthe Association’s total expendi-ture budget is distributed to theNCAA membership during thefiscal year. This amount is distrib-

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2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

7.4%

7.4%

7.3%

7.6%

Five-Year Projected RevenuesPercent

Year Amount Increase

$422,233,000

$453,479,000

$487,083,000

$522,736,000

$562,238,000

uted in the form of direct payments consistentwith the revenue-distribution plan approved by theNCAA Executive Committee.

Championship expenses, including transporta-tion guarantees, per diem allowances and gameexpenses, cost approximately $55 million. Morethan 17 percent of the budget is spent on programservices and activities that benefit the member-ship such as drug testing, drug education,promotions, legal fees, publications, research,sports sciences, seminars, conventions, studentand youth benefits, scholarships, and catastrophicinjury insurance.

Five-Year Projected ExpensesAssociation-wide Management and general Total

$94,546,000

$98,564,000

$102,753,000

$107,120,000

$111,673,000

$24,642,000

$25,689,000

$26,781,000

$27,919,000

$29,106,000

$69,904,000

$72,875,000

$75,972,000

$79,201,000

$82,567,0002006-07

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

Division-Specific Expenses 2002-07$400,000,000

300,000,000

200,000,000

100,000,000

25,000,000

20,000,000

15,000,000

10,000,000

5,000,000

0

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

Division I

Division II

Division III

$297.4$321.0 $345.2 $371.0 $400.0

$18.5 $19.8 $21.3 $22.8 $24.6

$13.4 $14.4 $15.5 $16.6 $17.9

Expenses shown in millions.

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Hall of Champions

The NCAA Hall of Champions presents a saluteto the extraordinary “journey” of the student-athlete and the color, excitement and tradition ofintercollegiate athletics in a state of the art facilityadjacent to the Association’s national officebuilding in White River State Park. The Hall featuresall men’s and women’s sports and national champi-onships in Divisions I, II and III sponsored by theNCAA.

Visitors to the Hall are treated to multimediapresentations and exhibits that define a newmeaning of what it means to be a “champion.”

The Hall also features 3,000 feet of travelingexhibit space that showcases sports-related artexhibits on a quarterly basis throughout the year.

The NCAA Conference Center adjacent to theHall provides the Association’s membership andexternal groups a comfortable and convenientmeeting and gathering place.

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NCAAOnline

NCAA Online, which is madeup of www.ncaa.org andwww.ncaasports.com, is themost in-depth resource on theWeb for information on intercol-legiate athletics. The two Websites are geared for two differentconstituencies. The nationaloffice Web site, www.ncaa.org,is targeted to member institu-tions, potential and currentstudent-athletes, and any otherconstituent involved in nationaloffice directives. The Web sitewww.ncaasports.com is gearedtoward the general pubic andfeatures coverage for all 87NCAA championships.

www.ncaa.orgfeatures include:• The NCAA News. Recognized

as the leading writtenauthority on college athletics,The NCAA News is updatedbiweekly with articles,comments and opinions, andthe latest information from thecollege sports world.

• NCAA Sports Library. Morethan 200 publications dealingwith rules, statistics, sportssciences, records and muchmore can be viewed orordered from the SportsLibrary page.

• College-Bound Student-Athlete. This online version ofrecruiting information helpsparents and prospectivestudent-athletes understand

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initial-eligibility requirements and the recruitingprocess.

• Administrative Databases. The databasescontain searchable text on NCAA rules and inter-pretations and infractions by member schools.This site also contains committee minutes, inter-pretations and other administrative information.

• Statistics. Throughout the year, weekly statisticsin football, women’s volleyball, basketball, base-ball, softball, lacrosse, soccer and ice hockey areavailable. At season’s end, final statistics leadersare posted.

• News Releases. The latest press releases arecategorized by topic and a special section liststhe most-recent releases.

• Links. A link to a list of university and collegeathletics department and conference homepages is provided on this site.

www.ncaasports.comfeatures include:

• Year-round Coverage. From the beginning ofpreseason all the way through the final whistleat the championship event, ncaasports.com isthere to provide the most in-depth informationpertaining to each sport. From features ofoutstanding student-athletes to postgamerecaps, you can find it all on this site.

• Live Coverage of Championships.Ncaasports.com is the only site on the Webwhere you can find live action of the champi-onships.

• Historical Archive. Stories and recaps from pastchampionships can be found in the extensivearchives on ncaa.sports.com.

• TV Schedules. A breakdown of all televisedchampionships, live or tape-delay is locatedhere. This site also provides a link to homevideos and international television schedules.

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NCAA 17092-2/03 GI03