National Broadband Network A nation building project · 2015. 4. 28. · Threatened Telstra to get 2011 NBN agreement and 2012 SSU and put in place government owned NBN Co. Should

National Broadband Network

by Dr Mark A Gregory FIEAust, SMIEEE

A nation building project

Outline

8/9/2014 (C) Mark A Gregory 2

1 National Broadband Network

2 Technologies

3 Who should build the NBN?

4 What is the NBN really

5 Key Issues

6 Tasmania and the NBN

7 Construction

8 Backhaul

9 Regulation

Reduce backhaul costs

How to succeed

Universal Service

10

11

12

National Broadband Network

There can be no greater goal today, for this nation, than to strive to

become a leader in the global digital economy and when this is

achieved to maintain this position in the decades to come.

A National Broadband Network that utilises FTTP, Wireless and

Satellite to connect Australians to the NBN is an instrumental

requirement if this nation is to succeed.


History

NBN I – 2007 - FTTN

NBN II – 2009 – FTTP 93%, wireless+satellite 7%

NBN III – 2014 – FTTN, FTTdp, HFC, FTTP,

wireless+satellite


What went wrong?

Telstra was privatised as one entity – the greatest anti-competitive arrangement in

Australian history – we have the Coalition to thank for this.

Labor had the right idea, but the wrong implementation, so we can thank them for the

current mess.

Threatened Telstra to get 2011 NBN agreement and 2012 SSU and put in place

government owned NBN Co.

Should have forced Telstra to own and operate NBN Co from the outset. NBN Co

would absorb the rest of Telstra wholesale as the SSU was implemented between

2010 and 2020. In 2020 NBN Co to be separated from Telstra retail in a two for one

share issue.


What is the NBN really about?

The NBN is about more than connection speed.

• Connection speed

• Capacity – national and international

• Traffic Class Management

• Congestion

• Staying ahead of our competitors – global digital economy


Transit

Source: NBN Co


Source: NBN Co


121 Points of Interconnect

Definitions

CIR – Committed Information Rate defines a level of data throughput for

which service frames are delivered according to the performance

objectives of the applicable traffic class.

PIR – Peak Information Rate is defined as the maximum data throughput

that may be delivered by the service. Note that traffic capacity in excess

of the CIR and within the PIR will be carried through the NBN Co

Network without any performance objectives. Traffic that exceeds the

PIR will be discarded at ingress to the NBN Co Network.


Definitions - Costs

“Access Virtual Circuit” (AVC), which identifies a customers traffic within the NBN

– AVC is one cost

Access Seekers purchase a “Connectivity Virtual Circuit” (CVC) for each

Connectivity Serving Area they wish to cover. The CVC is essentially a bandwidth

pipe, the size determined by the cost. The larger the CVC, the better the service

to subscribers within the Connectivity Serving Area – CVC is another cost

Access Seekers connect to NBN PoIs and there is a monthly charge for every

PoI connection and an initial one off charge for every PoI connection


Passive Optical Network – Active Architecture


Fibre

Source: Schink, H.


Copper Advances

But the length gets shorter and

shorter and shorter….

Source: newelectronics


FTTN with VDSL2

Source: AT&T


VDSL2 Vectoring

Copper pairs from one cable cannot be connected to different ISAM


FTTdp Architecture

Source: itNews


http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=-_2_LwonzguB_M&tbnid=OGnVBnOFz-RQDM:&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http://www.itnews.com.au/News/348820,copper-broadband-beats-1gbps-speeds-in-trial.aspx&ei=K9cOVIuSNpX48AWC04CIAQ&psig=AFQjCNHrNbK61KY95mZ63CXUJNfsWC0y6Q&ust=1410345131994393

Fixed Wireless Block Diagram

Source: NBN Co


Fixed Wireless

2.3 GHz spectrum – not as good as 700 MHz for regional

use

http://web.acma.gov.au/pls/radcom/client_search.client_lookup?pCLIENT_NO=1104329







Fixed Wireless eNodeB Base Station

Each eNodeB has three sectors and is sited according to a site specific radio

coverage plan to provide optimised coverage.

Each sector supports on average 60 premises, with an approximate CIR for the

eNodeB of 100Mbps.

• 3 RF Antennae

• GPS Antenna

• Remote Radio Unit

• Digital Baseband Unit

• Power Supply

• Battery Backup


Fixed Wireless Microwave Transit

Source: NBN Co


Fixed Wireless Aggregation

The three sectors of an eNodeB (maximum of 180 end users) typically

provide an aggregated CIR throughout of approximately 100 Mbps. This

determines the Microwave Transport backhaul capacity required.

The maximum bandwidth planned for the Microwave Hub Site back to a FAN

site is 900Mbps, allowing for the aggregation of up to 8 eNodeBs, with a

maximum of 1440 end users.

Source: NBN Co


Fixed Wireless Serving Area

The largest WSA will have up to 24 WSAM connecting to

a FAN.


Fixed WirelessAccess Aggregation Region

The third module is the Access Aggregation Region (AAR). The

wireless area served by a single POI is an AAR. The maximum

number of WSAs in an AAR is determined by the number of FANs

that connect back to the POI. For the purposes of wireless

dimensioning, the size of an AAR is based on the maximum number

of end users, rather than the maximum number of WSAs, with a

maximum of 25000 end users in an AAR.


Satellite Block Diagram

Source: NBN Co


Satellite NTD

The ODU key components include: • Parabolic satellite terminal antenna

• Ka-Band VSAT transceiver

• Interface to the IDU

The IDU key components include: • 4 UNI-D ports,

• Layer 2 Ethernet Switch

• Embedded Transparent Performance Enhancing Proxy (TPEP) software client

• Interface to the ODU

A standard AC power supply is used to power the IDU and through that the ODU


Satellites

NBN Co is building two, multi-spot beam, geostationary, "bent-pipe”, Ka-band,

telecommunications satellites for the Satellite Access Solution with the following

characteristics:

Two satellites to enable service redundancy and load balancing of users.

Multi-spot beam design on each satellite enabling 70Gbps forward path and

20Gbps return path system capacity to best support the regional and remote

Australian population and utilise the optimum broadband user experience from

the amount of RF spectrum available.


Satellite Spot Beams

Source: NBN Co


Satellite RF Gateways

To achieve the optimum RFGW trunk link performance, the following design criteria are optimised:

• Maximum gateway to gateway geographical separation,

• Location of gateways away from projected user high density areas,

• Services available at gateway locations (highly reliable power, transit network connectivity,

ACMA TX and RX license approvals, Australian security agency approvals, etc)

• Gateway to User beam RF interference characteristics

• Frequency and polarity reuse strategy for gateway and user beams,

• the satellite’s antenna specifications and RF filter design capabilities, and

• the VSAT system’s advanced RF channel adaptive power management and modulation

schemes.


Spectrum and Orbital Slots

RFGW to Satellite Uplink 27.0 – 28.5 GHz

Satellite to VSAT Downlink 17.7 ‐18.2 GHz, 18.8 ‐19.3 GHz and 19.7 ‐ 20.2 GHz

VSAT to Satellite Uplink 28.5 – 29.1 GHz

Satellite to RFGW Downlink 18.2‐ 18.8 GHz

RF Auto Tracking Downlink 29.5 – 29.54 GHz

Uplink Power Control 19.3 – 19.35 GHz

Designed to operate at the orbital slots of 140 deg E and 145 deg E.


Regional and Public Wi-Fi

Source: Telstra


Mobile Cellular

Macrocells using 700MHz out to 35km cell size – shared towers?

Small cells for high user numbers – size of cell depends on frequency and transmit power

pico (200m) femtocells (10-30m)

Installation Operator Customer

Transmission to

operators network Operator Customer

Frequency Centrally planned Locally determined

Site rental Operator Customer


Teething problems and delays

1. Telstra agreement

2. Telstra Asbestos +

construction interaction

Source: NBN Co and Rod Tucker


Caused this

At least a one year delay on initial

projections. But worse was to

come in early 2013 before the

rollout finally gathered steam just

in time for the September

election.

Source: NBN Co and Rod Tucker


Government Intervention

Knowing when it is time to intervene is an insight

Knowing how to intervene without making a situation

worse is a gift

1997 – 2014 and counting…


Nielsen

What do we need?


Key Issues

Telstra – wholesale and retail

Legislation and Regulation

Multi-Technology Mix (FTTP, FTTB, FTTdp, FTTN, HFC, Fixed Wireless, Satellite)

Construction

Backhaul charges

Universal service


Universal Service Obligation

Telecommunications is an essential service

The Universal Service Obligation should be updated to

include wholesale data and backhaul

Government announces review at ACCAN USO Forum in

March 2015


Documents

National Broadband Network A nation building project · 2015. 4. 28. · Threatened Telstra to get 2011 NBN agreement and 2012 SSU and put in place government owned NBN Co. Should