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NATIONAL AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
(NADP / RKVY)
STATE AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
(SAIDP)
TAMIL NADU
CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE - 641 003
2016
STATE AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (SAIDP)
PROJECT TEAM
Overall Coordination : Dr. M. CHINNADURAI Director, CARDS & Nodal Officer, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003.
Principal Coordinator : Dr. R. VENKATRAM
Professor, Dept. of Agricultural Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003.
Consultants : Dr. R. SUNDARESAN
Professor of Agricultural Economics (Retd.) Dr. S.R. SUBRAMANIAN
Former Director, CARDS Research Fellows : Dr. S. GANESH
Research Associate Dr. R. PRABHU Research Associate Dr. M. UMA GOWRI Research Associate Dr. M. KANDESHWARI Research Associate Dr. E. ALLIRANI Research Associate Dr. N. ROHINI Research Associate Mrs. M. PRIYADHARSHINI Senior Research Fellow Mr. P. MAYILSAMY Senior Research Fellow
Data Entry Operators : Ms. M. SUMATHI
Mrs. D. RANI CHANDRA Mrs. A. DHANALAKSHMI Mrs. V. MARIAMMAL Mrs. N. PRIYADARSINI
CONTENTS
CHAPTER No. TITLE PAGE No.
I Introduction 1
II Resource Base and Infrastructure 10
III Infrastructure and Budget 47
IV Summary 224
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE No.
PARTICULARS PAGE
No.
1.1 Infrastructure and Assets covered in preparation of SAIDP 6
2.1 District wise Land Use Classification in Tamil Nadu - 2011-12 11
2.2 Land Utilization Pattern in Tamil Nadu State 13
2.3 Operational Holdings as per Agricultural Census 16
2.4 Size of Holdings in Tamil Nadu State 17
2.5 Change in Availability of Groundwater in Tamil Nadu 18
2.6 Source-wise Net Area Irrigated and Percentage to Total Irrigated Area 20
2.7 District – wise Details of Net Area and Gross Area Irrigated in Tamil Nadu
21
2.8 District wise Irrigation Intensity 22
2.9 Five Year Plan (12th Plan) Target and Gaps 24
2.10 Distribution of improved Seeds by Crops 25
2.11 Seed Replacement by Crops - Percentage to Total Cropped Area 26
2.12 Details of Agricultural Machinery and Implements 28
2.13 Value of Agricultural Produce sold by Marketing Co-operatives 30
2.14 Livestock Census of Tamil Nadu 31
2.15 District wise Livestock Census – 2007 32
2.16 Breedable Cattle Population 33
2.17 Milk Production and Availability 34
2.18 District wise Milk Production 34
2.19 Poultry Population of Tamil Nadu 36
2.20 District-wise Poultry and other Animals Population 37
2.21 Egg Production 38
2.22 Details of animal health care activities 40
2.23 Fish Production in Tamil Nadu 41
2.24 Export of Fish and Fish Products 42
2.25 Infrastructure Investment 45
2.26 Infrastructure projects identified by State Government 45
3.1 Infrastructure Facilities for Production of Planting Materials 49
3.2 Infrastructure Facility for Seed Processing 50
3.3 Infrastructure Facilities for Seed Quality Maintenance --
52
3.4 Infrastructure for Production of Organic Manure 53
3.5 Establishment of Laboratories 56
TABLE No.
PARTICULARS PAGE
No.
3.6 Infrastructure for Agricultural Research and Development 58
3.7 Infrastructure to Strengthen Extension Activities 61
3.8 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management 62
3.9 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation 64
3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-
Harvest Operations 66
3.11 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirements in Agriculture
Sector 74
3.12 Production of Planting Materials 76
3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops 77
3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage
Structures 82
3.15 Strengthening Facilities for Marketing of Horticultural Produces 85
3.16 Production of Organic Manure 86
3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities 89
3.18 Infrastructure for Horticultural Research and Development 92
3.19 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation 94
3.20 Infrastructure for Water Harvesting and Storage 96
3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations
99
3.22 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management 104
3.23 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Horticulture
Sector 105
3.24 Procurement and distribution of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment 107
3.25 Establishment of Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring Centre 109
3.26 Establishment of Hi-Tech, High Productive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring
111
3.27 Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages 112
3.28 Promotion of Mechanized Farming operations 114
3.29 Budget for Tractor Hiring Scheme 115
3.30 Propagation of drip / minor irrigation 117
3.31 Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets 119
3.32 Water Conservation Measures 121
3.33 Soil Conservation Measures 122
3.34 Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Engineering 123
3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures 126
3.36 Establishment of Processing Units 134
TABLE No.
PARTICULARS PAGE
No.
3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions 137
3.38 Establishment of Farmers Learning Centre 141
3.39 Provision of Market Accessories 143
3.40 Abstract for Infrastructure Requirement in Marketing Sector 148
3.41 Establishment of Seed Processing Units and Seed Testing Labs 150
3.42 Strengthening of Seed Certification Institutions 152
3.43 Seed Certification Accessories 153
3.44 Budget for Infrastructure Development in Seed Certification 154
3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units 156
3.46 Establishment of Cattle Feed Production Units 160
3.47 Production of Organic Manure 163
3.48 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation 164
3.49 Strengthening of Breeding Units 166
3.50 Provision of Facilities for Improved Delivery of Veterinary Services 167
3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities 169
3.52 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services 172
3.53 Establishment of Disease Diagnostic Centres 175
3.54 Establishment of Mobile Veterinary Units 177
3.55 Establishment of Milk Processing Units 179
3.56 Strengthening Extension Facilities 181
3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry 183
3.58 Budget for Infrastructure Development in Animal Husbandry Sector 187
3.59 Establishment of Fish Culture Ponds and Provision of Inputs 189
3.60 Establishment of GIFT Farms and Provision of Inputs 191
3.61 Establishment of Ornamental Fish Culture Unit 193
3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk 195
3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities 199
3.64 Infrastructure for Fisheries Research and Development 202
3.65 Strengthening of Extension Facilities 204
3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing 207
3.67 Consolidate Budget for Infrastructure Development in Fisheries Sector 210
3.68 Strengthening Sericulture Department 212
3.69 Establishment of Silk Rearing Centres and Reeling Units 213
3.70 Strengthening Marketing Facilities 216
TABLE No.
PARTICULARS PAGE
No.
3.71 Establishment of Farmer Learning Centre 216
3.72 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Development in Sericulture Sector
217
3.73 Infrastructure Development for Agroforestry 219
3.74 Budget outlay for Public Works Department (WRO) 221
3.75 Budget outlay for Cooperation and Civil Supplies 222
3.76 Sector wise funds Requirements for Infrastructure 223
3.77 Sector wise funds Requirements for Infrastructure 230
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Investment in agricultural infrastructure is essential to achieve better agricultural
growth. Agricultural infrastructure primarily includes wide range of interventions that facilitate
production, procurement, processing, preservation and trade. Such input based, resource
based, physical and institutional infrastructure significantly influences the spread of proven
and demonstrated technologies. This implies that different forms of infrastructure should be
provided to achieve better growth.
Hence, Government of India launched the National Agriculture Development
Program (NADP) with special Additional Assistance Scheme since the beginning of 11th Five
Year Plan to rejuvenate agriculture and allied sectors and to accelerate the growth process.
Accordingly, it was suggested that during 12th Five Year plan period, each State government
has to formulate different strategies for the development of agriculture and allied sectors
through the preparation of District Agriculture Plans (DAPs), State Agriculture Plan (SAP)
and State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program (SAIDP). The approaches to
achieve the growth have to be location specific and needs are to be drawn based on felt
needs. Thus, the major objective of the State Agricultural Infrastructure Development
Program (SAIDP) is to identify the infrastructure for agricultural development and fund
requirement across the agriculture and allied sectors in Tamil Nadu.
As per the SAIDP, the major focus suggested are investment on infrastructure such
as nursery establishment, micro irrigation, agricultural implements and machineries,
processing units, strengthening of market institutions, seed testing labs, animal breeding
units, veterinary service centres, fish rearing units, agricultural markets, research and
development in agriculture and allied sectors etc. Creation or strengthening of such
infrastructure could not only contribute to the agricultural growth at the macro level, but also
could minimize the disparity across sectors and regions. To execute the various
developmental activities, the State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Programme
(SAIDP) proposed a budget of ₹. 7609.03 Crore.
With regard to sector-wise allocation, 10.36 per cent of the outlay is proposed for
agriculture, 11.61 per cent to horticulture, 38.46 per cent to agricultural engineering, 12.92
per cent to agricultural marketing, 0.29 per cent to seed certification, 13.01 per cent to
animal husbandry and dairy development, 3.68 per cent to fisheries, 0.56 per cent to
sericulture, 0.46 per cent to agro-forestry, 8.36 per cent to PWD (WRO) and 0.29 per cent to
cooperation and civil supplies. Thus about 45 per cent of the budget proposed under State
Agriculture Plan needs to be allocated for infrastructure development in the State through
SAIDP.
BUDGET OUTLAY
S. No.
Sector SAIDP
(₹ in Crore) Sector-wise share (%)
SAP (₹ in Crore)
Share of SAIDP in SAP (%)
1 Agriculture 787.98 10.36 6094.16 12.93
2 Horticulture 883.52 11.61 2247.42 39.31
3 Agricultural Engineering 2926.58 38.46 3047.91 96.02
4 Agricultural Marketing 982.84 12.92 1070.07 91.85
5 Seed Certification 22.17 0.29 22.49 98.58
6 Animal Husbandry and
Dairy Development 989.41 13.01 3049.78 32.44
7 Fisheries 280.25 3.68 528.35 53.04
8 Sericulture 42.74 0.56 74.87 57.09
9 Agro Forestry 35.05 0.46 53.54 65.47
10 PWD (WRO) 636.44 8.36 636.44 100.00
11 Cooperation and Civil
Supplies 22.05 0.29 22.05 100.00
Grand Total 7609.03 100.00 16847.08 45.17
1
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Tamil Nadu contributes approximately 3.0 per cent of the food grain production, 7.0
per cent of vegetable production, 12 per cent of fruit production and 24 per cent of flower
production of India. During the end of 11th Five Year plan period, Tamil Nadu produced
101.52 lakh tonnes of food grains, 11.14 lakh tonnes of oilseeds, 58.77 lakh tonnes of fruits,
69.27 lakh tonnes of vegetables, 10.05 lakh tonnes of spices and 2.74 lakh tonnes of flowers.
Subsequently, during the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017), new targets were set so as to
achieve faster and sustainable growth in agriculture and allied sectors. The Vision 2023 also
reiterated that agriculture and allied sectors in Tamil Nadu State need to achieve annual
growth of minimum 5.0 per cent to bring more prosperity to farming community.
Considering the above agenda set forth in the 12th Plan and beyond and the current
trend and stages of development in various resources like land and water would reveal
certain challenges. In the State, the net sown area had declined from 61.69 lakh hectares in
1970-71 to 49.86 lakh hectares in 2011-12. The availability of land for agricultural purpose
has been shrinking gradually resulting in increased pressure on the limited land resources.
Land put to non-agricultural uses had however increased from 14.89 lakh hectares in 1970-
71 to 21.81 lakh hectares in 2011-12 due to various reasons like urbanization and
industrialization which in turn also lead to transfer of water and labor from agriculture to non-
agricultural purposes. The other fallow lands had also increased from 5.73 lakh hectares in
1970-71 to 15.94 lakh hectares in 2011-12. Such increased fallow lands (cultivable waste,
current fallows and other fallows) were due to conversion of cultivable land to other purposes
to meet the requirement of urbanization, inadequate water availability for cultivation arising
out of failure of monsoon rains, uncertainty in release of water in Cauvery and from other
major reservoirs and general depletion of ground water. Subsequently, the cropping intensity
has been hovering around 115-119 per cent in the last five decades in the State as
compared to all India figure of 133 per cent.
No doubt large investments have been made since independence to harness the
various resources especially the available water resources in the State. Tamil Nadu receives
an annual average rainfall of 921.5 mm and 48 per cent of this rain is received during the
North East Monsoon (months of October, November and December). Besides, there are 17
river basins with seasonal water flow. The limited availability of water is thus creating a huge
strain in the irrigation capability of the State. Hence, the net area irrigated from various
2
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
sources of irrigation is only 59 per cent leaving vast area of land uncovered with irrigation
water source. Growth in size of farm, a prime factor of input use efficiency would also throw
some light in the development at village level. The average size of holdings in Tamil Nadu
had declined from 1.07 hectares in 1980-81 to 0.80 hectare in 2010-11 against 1.25 ha at all
India level and this could be a negative factor in raising the productivity of crops raised in
such marginal size of holding.
Policies, so far, have been diverted towards irrigated agriculture to increase
agricultural production. Now the concern is that the gains from the green revolution areas
have been plateauing out due to many factors and evidences suggest that the productivity
and returns to investment have substantial trickle down benefits for poor not only in irrigated
areas but also those residing in less favored areas. This calls for setting up policy framework
towards robust supporting infrastructure for planning, production, processing, storage,
distribution, marketing and sales of agricultural produce. The major strategic framework to
achieve a higher growth in agriculture and allied sectors would be
To address the productivity improvement so as to bridge the present yield gap
between potential and existing in crop, animal husbandry and fisheries and creation
of adequate marketing infrastructure
Enhancing the water availability for agriculture
Creation of infrastructure to diversify the farm towards high value horticulture and
commercial crops
Supply of quality inputs in time through Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
Bringing the fallow lands under cultivation through cost-effective technology transfer
and infrastructure support
Promoting Integrated Farming System on whole district saturation approach
Promoting agri business venture duly with farmer‟s participation
Inviting more Public Investment and through PPP mode in creating agri infrastructure
to act as growth drivers rather than mere hardwares and
Improving Knowledge Transfer to farmers through ICT enabled extension and market
led agriculture
The approaches to achieve the growth applicable to Tamil Nadu have to be location
specific and needs have to be drawn on felt need basis. The formulation of bottom-up plans
would help in identifying the needs and speed up the process of growth as they primarily
address the concern of location specific and need based.
3
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
National Agricultural Development Program (NADP)
Realizing the urgency of similar problems in many of the states in India, National
Development Council (NDC) resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme,
named National Agriculture Development Programme (NADP / RKVY) be launched. The
NDC also felt that Agriculture Development strategies must be reoriented to meet the needs
of farmers and called upon the Central and State governments to evolve a strategy to
rejuvenate agriculture with a commitment to achieve at least four per cent growth in the
agricultural sector during the 11th Five Year plan period. To achieve this, formulation of action
plans by means of developing District Agriculture Plans (DAP) is recommended. It is of the
view that such plans would reflect the various felt needs of the farmers and other
stakeholders. Such District Agriculture Plans aim at moving towards projecting the
requirements for development of Agriculture and allied sectors of the district including animal
husbandry, fishery, minor irrigation projects, rural development works, agricultural marketing
schemes, schemes for water harvesting and conservation, etc. keeping in view of the natural
resources and technological possibilities in each district. These plans thus, would present the
vision for Agriculture and allied sectors within the overall development perspective of the
district apart from the financial requirement and the sources of financing the agriculture
development plans in a comprehensive way.
Preparation of District Agriculture Plan for individual district in turn follows the
formulation of State Agriculture Plan (SAP) and then State Agricultural Infrastructural
Development Programme (SAIDP). The State Agriculture Plan integrates multiple
programmes that are in operation in the district and State, including the resources and
activities indicated by the State and combines the resources available from the other
programmes also and the SAIDP highlights the needed infrastructure to achieve a higher
growth trajectory.
District and State Agriculture Plans
As per the recent guidelines issued by the Government of India, District, State
Agriculture Plans and State Agricultural Infrastructure Development Programme will thus
remain as cornerstone of planning and implementation of this scheme during 12th Five Year
Plan period.
4
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
The guidelines to be followed for preparation of District Agriculture Plans (DAP) are
as follows:
The DAPs are integral to the District Development Plan.
Each District will have a DAP after taking into consideration of resources that would
be available during 12th Plan from other ongoing schemes (both State and Central),
like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS),
Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) and Backward Regions Grant Fund
(BRGF), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), Accelerated
Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP), Bharat Nirman, etc.
The District Agriculture Plan shall not be the usual aggregation of the existing
schemes but would aim at moving towards projecting the requirements for
development of Agriculture and allied sectors of the district. These plans will present
the vision for Agriculture and allied sectors within the overall development
perspective of the district. DAP‟s would also present their financial requirements in
addition to sources of financing the agriculture development plans in a
comprehensive way. Since achievement of RKVY‟s objectives is sequel to proper
District Planning, these requirements should be adhered to by the State.
The State will have to specify the institutional mechanisms evolved by them for
District Planning and submit a status report at the stage of the Annual Plan exercise.
DAP will also include animal husbandry and fishery development, minor irrigation
projects, rural development works, agricultural marketing schemes and schemes for
water harvesting and conservation, etc. keeping in view of the natural resources and
technological possibilities in each district.
District level Potential Linked Credit plans (PLP) already prepared by the National
Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and Strategic Research and
Extension Plans (SREP) developed under the Agricultural Technology Management
Agency (ATMA) etc. may also be referred for revision of DAPs. It should also be
ensured that the strategies for convergences with other programmes as well as the
role assigned to the Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) are appropriately incorporated
in DAPs. States may also engage consultants/consulting agencies to revise / update
DAPs and SAP.
Thus each State will also have a comprehensive State Agricultural Plan (SAP) for 12th
Plan by integrating the District Plans. SAP will invariably have to indicate resources
that can flow from the State to the districts.
5
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Revision and Updation of DAP and SAP in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu, as one among the States, has also received Central Assistance under
NADP during 11th Plan period and already prepared comprehensive District and State
agriculture plans for 11th Plan. These should be revised and updated appropriately for
implementing RKVY during 12th Plan keeping in view of the modifications proposed for the
plan period and emerging needs of the State.
Revision and updation of SAP could be a two-way process. Firstly, State nodal
department (or Agriculture Department) could get DAPs revised in the first instance to ensure
that priorities of the State are properly covered in the district plans. States should, at this
stage of scrutiny, ensure that requirements of districts and priorities of the State are
appropriately captured and aligned in DAPs. Alternately, State Nodal Agency could
communicate to the districts regarding the State‟s priorities that ought to be reflected in the
respective district plans and then the districts might incorporate these in their updated district
plans.
Preparation / revision of the DAPs is an elaborate, exhaustive and iterative process
and care need to be taken by the State nodal department and district agriculture department
in ensuring that these plans cover the entire gamut of agriculture and allied sectors.
State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program (SAIDP)
Each State thereafter has to prepare SAIDP in a similar manner to that of DAPs and
SAP for identifying shelf of projects for RKVY (Infrastructure and Assets) stream. SAIDP
should ideally be consolidation of requirement of infrastructure identified in DAPs and SAP.
State Planning Department provides revised / updated SAP and SAIDP to
Department of Agriculture (DAC) and Planning Commission as part of State‟s annual State
Plan exercise.
Major Areas of Focus
As per the recent guidelines issued by the Government of India, different
infrastructure has been suggested that could be considered eligible for funding under NADP /
RKVY. This document apart from these infrastructure also identified few infrastructure based
on the felt needs of the stakeholders. The infrastructure and assets covered in the
preparation of SAIDP are shown in Table 1.1.
6
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 1.1 Infrastructure and Assets Covered in Preparation of SAIDP
Sl. No. Sector Type of Infrastructure
A
Agriculture and
Horticulture
Soil & water conservation activities (Terracing, Gully control measures, Spill ways, Check dams, Spurs,
Diversion drains, Protection walls etc.), Reclamation of problem soils (Acid / Alkali / Saline / Ravine /
Water logged, Nurseries, Tissue culture labs, Community tanks / Farm ponds / on farm water resources
with plastic / RCC lining, Green house / Poly house / Shade net house structures, Sanitary and
phytosanitary infrastructure, INM / IPM infrastructure such as Disease forecasting units, Plant health
clinics, Lead / Tissue analysis labs, Bio-control laboratories, Vermi compost units, Controlled atmosphere
storage, Cold storage / Pre cooling / refrigerated van, cold chain infrastructure, Ripening / Curing
chamber, Primary / Minimal processing units, Terminal / Wholesale / Rural market, Functional
infrastructure for collection, sorting, grading etc., Infrastructure related to Agricultural produce processing
labs for production of bio-control agents, State pesticide residue testing labs, State pesticide testing labs,
Bio-pesticide testing labs, Seed treatment drums & chemicals, Setting up of new soil testing laboratories,
Strengthening of existing soil test laboratories with micro-nutrient testing facilities, Setting up of new
fertilizer quality control laboratories. Strengthening of existing FQCLs, Bio fertilizer production units, Fruit
/ Vegetables waste, Compost production units.
Agriculture Mechanization
Custom hiring centers for Agricultural equipment, Agriculture machines testing centers
Seed
Certification
Seed testing labs, Seed processing facilities, Seed storage godowns including Dehumidified refrigerated
seed storage godowns, Seed certification agencies and Certification infrastructure seed multiplication
farms
Agricultural
Research and
Extension
Research infrastructure, Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) Kisan call centers, ATMA
infrastructure, Knowledge / Technology resource centres
7
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Sl. No. Sector Type of Infrastructure
B Animal
Husbandry and
Dairy
Development
Semen collection and Artificial insemination (AI) units / Production center, Breeding farms, Dispensaries /
Hospitals for treatment of animals, Vaccine production unit, Diagnosis labs, including Mobile units,
Animal ambulance, Cold chain for storing and transportation of frozen semen, Tractor fitted with fodder
block machine, Carcass rendering plant to collect the fallen animals for processing / utilization in
scientific manner, Modernization of animal slaughter houses and markets for livestock / livestock
products
Milk collection centres and infrastructure, Purchase of milking machines (single / double bucket), Setting
up of milk chilling / bulk milk cooling centres (BMC) along with automatic milk collection units (AMC),
Setting up / modernization / strengthening of milk processing units, Strengthening / expansion of cold
storage facility for milk and milk products, Purchase of insulated / refrigerated transport vehicles, Setting
up of milk parlor / milk booth, Strengthening of lab facility in milk chilling / milk processing unit,
Establishment of cattle feed storage godown, Establishment / strengthening of cattle feed plant,
Establishment of cattle shed for milch animals, Setting / strengthening of ETP at milk chilling / milk
processing unit
C Fisheries Fish Ponds / Reservoirs, Fish seed hatcheries, Marketing infrastructure, Mobile transport / Refrigerated
vans, Cold storage & Ice plants
D Minor / Micro
Irrigation
Shallow wells & Dug wells, Tube wells (except in dark / grey / critical zone identified by Central Ground
Water Board), Percolation & Minor irrigation tanks, Farm ponds, Drip & Sprinkler irrigation system, Field
channels and Piped water conveyance system
8
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Methodology followed for the Preparation of DAP/SAP and SAIDP
The task of preparing such District Agriculture Plans, State Agricultural Plan and
SAIDP is assigned to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. In cooperation with
Scientists from Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Tamil
Nadu Fisheries University (TNFU) and officials from Department of Agriculture, Horticulture,
Agricultural Engineering, Marketing, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Seed certification,
PWD etc. the major interventions and action plans for each intervention are suggested. In
what follows, the procedure adopted in preparing the plans is outlined.
Collection of Data
The preparation of district level plan involved basically collection of base line and
bench mark details at block and district levels. A template is developed to collect these
particulars from the different districts (31 districts with the exception of Chennai) of
Tamil Nadu. In order to dovetail the ongoing schemes, with the action plans, the current
ongoing agriculture programs were listed and finally converged into the action plans and
detailed project report for each type of intervention has been developed. Secondary data on
district and block profile with respect to rainfall, land use pattern, demography, livestock,
machineries, infrastructure created, constraints in production and marketing of agricultural
and livestock produce, crop/animal production, gaps between expected and actual yield and
reasons for such gaps were collected from various published sources and also from the
respective block level line department officials. A template was also developed to collect the
details from block level.
The list of schemes along with the financial allocation from various sources since
2012-13 was obtained at the blocks and district levels. The block level details were then
consolidated across the line departments to examine the implementation of schemes and the
potentials for further scaling up.
These plans were finalized by holding stakeholder‟s meetings at different stages
starting from village to district level. These district level plans were finally consolidated to
prepare State Agricultural Plan.
For each district one Technical Expert (Retired Professors and JDAs) has been
identified. Besides one TNAU scientist has been identified as district level coordinator and for
each block one scientist has been also identified as block level scientist. These Technical
experts and TNAU scientists assisted in conduct of stakeholders meeting, liaison with line
department officials and finalization of plans at various levels.
9
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Sensitization Workshop - District Coordinator’s Meetings
A series of Sensitization Workshops were also conducted at village / block level and
district level. First, many block level interaction meetings with farmers, local representatives,
and other stakeholders of the block were conducted. In these meetings, the local needs and
needed interventions for development of agriculture and allied sectors were enumerated. In
the next level, discussion meetings were conducted with the line department officials. The
objectives of National Agriculture Development Programme, preparation of District
Agriculture Plans, State Agriculture Plan and formulation of specific project proposals were
discussed at length in such meetings. The major interventions, local initiatives and priorities
were discussed with the officials and other stakeholders. The action plans and proposals
were finally developed.
Subsequently, based on the baseline information and proposals, a draft action plan
was prepared for each district and this was presented in the District Collectors Meetings held
in the respective district under the Chairmanship of District Collector. This meeting was
attended by the scientists from TNAU, officials from line departments and the representatives
of local bodies. A wide coverage was given in the media also to ensure better participation.
The feedback received in the District Collectors Meeting was also incorporated before
finalization of the District Agriculture Plan. The recommendations and relevant details based
on Strategic Research Extension Plan and Agriculture Technology Management Agency
have also been considered before finalizing the plan reports viz., SAP and SAIDP.
10
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
CHAPTER II
Resource Base and Infrastructure
2.1 Land
Land use statistics in general indicate the way in which the land area is put under
various uses. Land as a scarce resource is to be managed effectively. The land use pattern
in the different districts and Tamil Nadu State as a whole are furnished in Tables 2.1 and 2.2
respectively.
The total geographical area in the State is about 13 million hectares. Among the
districts, Erode has the maximum geographical area of 5.77 lakh hectares and Thiruvarur
has the minimum geographical area of 2.10 lakh hectares. The area under forest in Tamil
Nadu is around 21 lakh hectares accounting for 16 per cent of the geographical area. Erode
district has the maximum area (2.27 lakh ha) and Cuddalore has the minimum area under
forest (1,415 ha). Over years, the area under forest had increased very marginally by about
1.01 lakh hectares (1979-80 to 2011-12). This is a good sign. However, it is pointed out that
for a natural / environmental balance to receive good rains there must be 33 per cent of the
geographical area under forest cover. This indicates that afforestation must be taken up on
war-footing. Since, the scope for bringing more area under natural forest cover is limited, the
development efforts must be dovetailed for intensification of green cover in forest area as
well as on hills and hillocks and planting tree crops in shrub-jungles, village wastelands and
farms in almost all the districts in the State.
The area under barren and uncultivable land is around 4.88 lakh hectares in 2005-06
as compared to that of 6.10 lakh hectares in 1979-80. Thus, a reduction of 1.00 lakh hectare
over the period of 25 years could be witnessed. This down-trend is a good sign and might be
due to increase in area under forest, waste land development programme etc. However, still
there exist scopes to reduce the extent of the barren land through wasteland development
efforts. Among the districts, the barren land area is more pronounced in the districts of
Villupuram, Theni, Salem, Dindigul and Nagapattinam. The area under cultivable wastelands
was 3.29 lakh hectares in 2011-12, while it was 3.51 lakh hectares in triennium ending
1979-80. Thus, a very marginal increase of about 0.23 lakh hectare could be observed
during the period under consideration. Among the districts, the maximum area under
culturable waste was found in Karur district, with 66,569 hectares followed by Thoothukudi
(47,963 ha) and Tirunelveli (36,214 ha) districts.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.1 District wise Land Use Classification in Tamil Nadu - 2011-12 (Area in hectares)
Sl. No.
Districts Geographi
cal Area %
Forest Area
%
Barren and
Unculturable Lands
% Land put to Non-Agrl.
Use %
Culturable
Waste %
PP and other Grazing Lands
%
1 Ariyalur 193398 1.48 739 0.03 8523 1.74 32321 1.48 3218 0.98 1291 1.18
2 Chennai 17098 0.13 300 0.01 0 0 16798 0.77 0 0 0 0
3 Coimbatore 472322 3.62 111871 5.26 4793 0.98 75040 3.44 8606 2.61 77 0.07
4 Cuddalore 367781 2.82 1415 0.07 14623 2.99 58792 2.7 5870 1.78 604 0.55
5 Dharmapuri 449777 3.45 164177 7.72 15804 3.23 51479 2.36 2797 0.85 6209 5.67
6 Dindigul 626664 4.81 138923 6.54 36210 7.41 66188 3.04 5842 1.78 6946 6.34
7 Erode 572264 4.39 227511 10.7 6270 1.28 53176 2.44 1731 0.53 101 0.09
8 Kancheepuram 443210 3.4 23856 1.12 10948 2.24 148485 6.81 11488 3.49 18286 16.69
9 Kanyakumari 167200 1.28 54155 2.55 4001 0.82 28488 1.31 83 0.03 104 0.09
10 Karur 289557 2.22 6187 0.29 2815 0.58 37493 1.72 66569 20.23 10801 9.86
11 Krishnagiri 514326 3.95 203964 9.6 23937 4.9 41854 1.92 4468 1.36 7853 7.17
12 Madurai 374173 2.87 48473 2.28 13031 2.67 75410 3.46 14629 4.44 233 0.21
13 Nagapattinam 271583 2.08 4633 0.22 33418 6.84 47727 2.19 2097 0.64 846 0.77
14 Namakkal 336719 2.58 43909 2.07 24539 5.02 38668 1.77 4760 1.45 6664 6.08
15 Perambalur 175739 1.35 16281 0.77 2787 0.57 28493 1.31 5265 1.6 152 0.14
16 Pudukkottai 466329 3.58 23535 1.11 9863 2.02 129856 5.95 9982 3.03 5124 4.68
17 Ramanathapuram 408957 3.14 4488 0.21 4544 0.93 87006 3.99 3942 1.2 154 0.14
18 Salem 520530 3.99 125682 5.91 38198 7.82 61850 2.84 5030 1.53 4200 3.83
19 Sivagangai 418900 3.21 16533 0.78 4710 0.96 122329 5.61 18336 5.57 1367 1.25
20 Thanjavur 339657 2.61 3390 0.16 2149 0.44 81556 3.74 12141 3.69 1218 1.11
21 The Nilgiris 254485 1.95 142577 6.71 3375 0.69 9977 0.46 1719 0.52 5078 4.63
22 Theni 324230 2.49 103718 4.88 43320 8.87 24615 1.13 2864 0.87 315 0.29
23 Thiruvallur 342243 2.63 19736 0.93 13636 2.79 109586 5.03 7568 2.3 8143 7.43
24 Thiruvannamalai 631205 4.84 152810 7.19 20630 4.22 96444 4.42 8689 2.64 2931 2.68
25 Thiruvarur 209709 1.61 2452 0.12 113 0.02 37140 1.7 1150 0.35 786 0.72
26 Thoothukudi 470724 3.61 11012 0.52 19878 4.07 76475 3.51 47963 14.57 5132 4.68
27 Tiruchirapalli 440383 3.38 36773 1.73 12598 2.58 85101 3.9 7255 2.2 659 0.6
28 Tirunelveli 675850 5.19 127758 6.01 29682 6.08 103137 4.73 36214 11 5156 4.71
29 Tirupur 519559 3.99 48168 2.27 2541 0.52 68677 3.15 3926 1.19 126 0.11
30 Vellore 592018 4.54 162286 7.64 20455 4.19 79981 3.67 5766 1.75 4038 3.69
31 Villupuram 722203 5.54 71697 3.37 56651 11.6 136079 6.24 9607 2.92 4170 3.81
32 Virudhunagar 424323 3.26 26466 1.25 4525 0.93 70511 3.23 9542 2.9 804 0.73
State 13033116 100.0 2125475 100.0 488567 100.0 2180732 100.0 329117 100.0 109568 100.0
% to State Total 100
16.2
3.86
16.42
2.83
0.85
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
Sl. No
Districts
Land Under Misc. Tree Crops and
Groves
% Current Fallow
% Other Fallow Lands
% Net area
Sown %
Area Sown more than
once %
Gross Cropped
Area %
Cropping intensity
1 Ariyalur 23482 9.3 13414 1.39 8343 0.52 102067 2.05 4345 2.05 106412 2.05
2 Chennai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 0
3 Coimbatore 3309 1.31 28111 2.91 64438 4.04 176077 3.53 8995 3.53 185072 3.53 105.83
4 Cuddalore 15859 6.28 34431 3.56 18856 1.18 217331 4.36 82359 4.36 299690 4.36 123.77
5 Dharmapuri 2910 1.15 8995 0.93 1666 0.1 195740 3.93 53788 3.93 249528 3.93 120.6
6 Dindigul 7877 3.12 20444 2.11 102487 6.43 241747 4.85 5880 4.85 247627 4.85 103.25
7 Erode 1029 0.41 80931 8.37 18215 1.14 183300 3.68 15574 3.68 198874 3.68 107.88
8 Kancheepuram 12837 5.08 33670 3.48 72768 4.56 110872 2.22 15770 2.22 126642 2.22 125.33
9 Kanyakumari 624 0.25 644 0.07 577 0.04 78524 1.57 9152 1.57 87676 1.57 115.73
10 Karur 1666 0.66 21679 2.24 45886 2.88 96461 1.93 7563 1.93 104024 1.93 102.53
11 Krishnagiri 8639 3.42 24180 2.5 16542 1.04 182889 3.67 25164 3.67 208053 3.67 112.41
12 Madurai 2751 1.09 7603 0.79 77390 4.85 134653 2.7 8674 2.7 143327 2.7 105.05
13 Nagapattinam 6420 2.54 8991 0.93 13586 0.85 153965 3.09 125347 3.09 279312 3.09 162.43
14 Namakkal 3769 1.49 57004 5.89 9292 0.58 148114 2.97 31307 2.97 179421 2.97 116.5
15 Perambalur 1361 0.54 2180 0.23 15501 0.97 103719 2.08 4119 2.08 107838 2.08 107.94
16 Pudukkottai 26895 10.65 10870 1.12 96596 6.06 153608 3.08 5524 3.08 159132 3.08 101.15
17 Ramanathapuram 35528 14.07 40714 4.21 45627 2.86 186954 3.75 0 3.75 186954 3.75 100
18 Salem 2959 1.17 39719 4.11 15445 0.97 227447 4.56 99621 4.56 327068 4.56 115.23
19 Sivagangai 6314 2.5 15994 1.65 114845 7.2 118472 2.38 1506 2.38 119978 2.38 100
20 Thanjavur 4708 1.86 10836 1.12 24171 1.52 199488 4.00 85817 4.00 285305 4.00 125.65
21 The Nilgiris 3820 1.51 9139 0.94 3059 0.19 75741 1.52 3 1.52 75744 1.52 100.09
22 Theni 1224 0.48 6717 0.69 25380 1.59 116077 2.33 14267 2.33 130344 2.33 107.59
23 Thiruvallur 7429 2.94 34800 3.6 35198 2.21 106147 2.13 27001 2.13 133148 2.13 140.86
24 Thiruvannamalai 1856 0.74 123338 12.75 27375 1.72 197132 3.95 49826 3.95 246958 3.95 125.8
25 Thiruvarur 2059 0.82 3561 0.37 8444 0.53 154004 3.09 126138 3.09 280142 3.09 155.13
26 Thoothukudi 37940 15.03 15002 1.55 78699 4.94 178623 3.58 4457 3.58 183080 3.58 104.21
27 Tiruchirapalli 3166 1.25 11120 1.15 118602 7.44 165109 3.31 13100 3.31 178209 3.31 106.73
28 Tirunelveli 8595 3.4 35525 3.67 174125 10.92 155658 3.12 25263 3.12 180921 3.12 120.45
29 Tirupur 1883 0.75 91152 9.42 107985 6.77 195101 3.91 4817 3.91 199918 3.91
30 Vellore 3061 1.21 68613 7.09 73132 4.59 174696 3.5 21540 3.5 196236 3.5 113.31
31 Villupuram 6305 2.5 91096 9.42 14378 0.9 332220 6.66 22861 6.66 355081 6.66 117.74
32 Virudhunagar 6193 2.45 16664 1.72 165697 10.39 123921 2.49 4037 2.49 127958 2.49 104.17
State 252468 100.0 967137 100.0 1594305 100.0 4985857 100.0 903815 100.0 5889672 100.0 115.04
% to State Total 2.11 5.83 11.65 40.26 6.06 - -
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.2 Land Utilization Pattern in Tamil Nadu State
(Area in lakh hectares)
Sl. No.
Classification
Average area TE
1979-1980
Average area TE
2005-2006
Average area TE
2011-2012
Area % Area % Area %
1. Forests 20.25 15.58 21.18 16.27 21.26 16.31
2. Barren and Uncultivable land 6.10 4.69 5.07 3.89 4.89 3.75
3. Land put to non-agri uses 16.82 12.94 21.26 16.33 21.78 16.71
4. Cultivable waste 3.51 2.70 3.74 2.87 3.29 2.52
5. Permanent pastures and other grazing lands
1.65 1.27 1.12 0.85 1.10 0.84
6. Land under missed crop and groves not included net area sown
1.95 1.50 2.82 2.16 2.52 1.93
7. Current fallow 12.57 9.67 8.03 6.16 10.33 7.93
8. Other fallow lands 4.56 3.50 16.95 13.01 15.72 12.06
9. Net area sown 62.56 48.15 50.10 38.49 49.44 37.93
10. Total geographical area 130.01 100.00 130.15 100.00 130.33 100.00
11. Area sown more than once 13.52 - 7.51 - 7.94 -
12. Gross cropped area (9+11) 76.11 - 51.45 - 57.38 -
13. Cropping intensity (129) 121.60 - 114.67 - 116.00 -
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. TE: Triennium
Other fallow lands, which are also otherwise considered as wastelands have shown
an alarming uptrend. While it was 4.56 lakh hectares in TE 1979-80, the same was 16 lakh
hectares in 2011-12. This upsurge is a serious concern that needs immediate attention of the
policy makers and planners. The districts of Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar, Sivagangai and
Tiruppur had more than 1.0 lakh ha under other fallow lands. The area under current fallows
was quite high in TE 1979 with 12.57 lakh hectares and it had reduced by about 2.24 lakh
hectares to 10.33 hectares in TE 2011-12. This is a good sign of development and might be
due to tapping more of ground water and stabilization of ayacuts under irrigation systems in
some areas. Further, reduction of current fallows is quite possible by the modernization of
irrigation systems and adoption of water harvesting techniques, in addition to other moisture
conservation measures. Erode, Villupuram, Coimbatore, Thiruvannamalai, Ramanathapuram
and Thoothukudi districts had sizeable area under current fallows.
14
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
The net sown area had reduced considerably from 62.56 lakh hectares in TE 1979-80
to 49.44 lakh hectares in TE 2011-12. This is rather a disturbing trend and might be due to
factors like marked increase in lands put into non-agricultural uses, rapid industrialization and
urbanization. The districts of Coimbatore, Erode and Villupuram had more than 3.00 lakh ha.
of net sown area and it was the lowest in Kanyakumari district with 0.78 lakh ha.
Area sown more than once had shown a drastic down-trend over the periods under
consideration. This is rather an astonishing fact and quite contradictory to the normal
expectations. Inspite of modernization of existing irrigation systems and more tapping of
ground water, the steep fall in area sown more than once during the planned period so far, is
a serious issue that needs an indepth analysis. There exist scope to arrest this down-trend
and to either increase or atleast stabilize the area sown more than once through
rehabilitation of the existing irrigation systems and structures and energization of pumpsets
and motors at a faster rate through pumping more of public investments. The districts of
Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur and Thanjavur had sizable area under area sown more than once
and this might be due to the Cauvery ayacut. Thiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Cuddalore and
Kancheepuram districts also had sizeable area under area sown more than once.
The cropping intensity for the State as a whole, as could be visualized, had
decreased from 121.60 per cent in TE 1979-80 to TE 2005-06 114.67 per cent and 116.00
per cent in 2011-12. This down-trend must be reversed and augmented to keep agriculture
growing at a faster rate.
The district of Nagapattinam had the maximum cropping intensity of 162.43 per cent
followed by Thiruvarur (155.13 per cent) and Thiruvallur (140.86 per cent) districts. The
cropping intensity was around 125 per cent in the districts of Kancheepuram,
Thiruvannamalai and Thanjavur. It was around 120 per cent in Cuddalore, Dharmapuri and
Tirunelveli districts. The remaining districts had the intensity of less than 120 per cent with
the exception of Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai and the Nilgiris districts. Therefore,
concerted efforts in increasing the area sown more than once, must be bestowed in the
districts of Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai, The Nilgiris, Pudukkottai, Karur, Perambalur,
Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Erode, Dindigul, Theni, Madurai, Thoothukudi etc.,
Thus the preceding discussion on the land use pattern of Tamil Nadu State clearly
showed that there exist scopes for
15
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
1. Arresting the down-trend in the net sown area and its stabilization
2. Putting into use the area under current fallows and cultivable waste
3. Developing the wastelands like barren and uncultivable land as well as other fallow
lands
4. Intensive fodder development activities under permanent pasture to augment its
economic utility and
5. Regulations of preventing diversion of lands to non-agricultural use.
2.2 Operational Holdings
Operational holdings often determine agricultural production and productivity. The
operational holdings as per Agricultural census are furnished in Table 2.3. The results of
successive agricultural census confirmed the growing imbalance and asymmetry in the
distribution of size of holdings. The number of marginal farmers in the State had increased
from 71.34 per cent of the total holdings operated in 1985-86 to 77.19 per cent of total
holdings operated in 2010-11. However, the marginal farmers have operated only 25.88 and
35.33 per cent of total area in 1985-86 and 2010-11 respectively. Semi-medium, medium and
large farmers accounted for a small proportion of 14.55 per cent of holdings and they have
operated a higher proportion of 25.33 per cent of total area in 2010-11.
Thus the number of marginal farmers has been increasing over years which imply
that the process of marginalization of farmers is continuing and they tend to subsist on low
income levels.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.3 Operational Holdings as per Agricultural Census
(Area in hectares)
Sl. No.
Category 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2005-06 2010-11
No Area No Area No Area No Area No Area
1 Marginal 5497735
(71.34)
2017615
(25.88)
5848096
(73.11)
2117826
(28.34)
5951104
(74.28)
2210341
(30.27)
6227705
(76.01)
2286370
(33.51)
6266372
(77.19)
2292031
(35.33)
2 Small 1260306
(16.35)
1771545
(22.72)
1274515
(15.93)
1794471
(24.01)
1233836
(15.40)
1721286
(23.57)
1234054
(15.06)
1720819
(25.22)
1181797
(14.55)
1643841
(25.33)
3 Semi-
Medium
648822
(8.42)
1778376
(22.81)
617605
(7.72)
1686514
(22.57)
600833
(7.50)
1622811
(22.22)
542025
(6.62)
1467697
(21.51)
502332
(6.19)
1355476
(20.89)
4 Medium 260645
(3.38)
1507987
(19.34)
227594
(2.85)
1301124
(17.41)
199791
(2.49)
1134853
(15.54)
169599
(2.07)
957721
(14.03)
150570
(1.85)
847372
(13.06)
5 Large 39215
(0.51)
720418
(9.24)
31122
(0.39)
573742
(7.68)
26268
(0.33)
613910
(8.41)
19590
(0.24)
391339
(5.73)
17365
(0.22)
349517
(5.39)
Total 7706723
(100.00)
7795941
(100.00)
7998932
(100.00)
7473577
(100.00)
8011832
(100.00)
7303201
(100.00)
8192973
(100.00)
6823946
(100.00)
8118436
(100.00)
6488237
(100.00)
Figures in parenthesis indicate percentage to total
Note: Marginal- Below 1 ha, Small - 1.0 to 2.0 ha, Semi-Medium - 2.0 to 4.0 ha, Medium - 4.0 to 10.0 ha and Large - 10.0 ha and above
Source: Tamil Nadu and Economic Appraisal 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
17
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2.3 Size of Holdings
The distribution of size of holdings in Tamil Nadu is furnished in Table 2.4. It could be
seen from the table that the average size of marginal holdings had declined from 0.41 ha in
1976-77 to 0.37 ha in 2000-01 and 0.37 ha in 2010-11. However, there had been no marked
differences in the size of small, semi-medium and medium holdings over years. The size of
large holdings had increased from 17.28 hectares in 1976-77 to 19.48 hectares in
2000-01 and 20.13 hectares in 2010-11. Thus the average size of holdings in Tamil Nadu
State had decreased from 1.25 ha in 1976-77 to 0.89 ha in 2000-01 and 0.80 ha in 2010-11.
Table 2.4 Size of Holdings in Tamil Nadu State
(Area in hectares)
Sl. No.
Categories 1976-77 1979-80 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
1. Marginal 0.41 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37
2. Small 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.39
3. Semi-medium 2.75 2.76 2.74 2.73 2.73 2.72 2.71 2.70
4. Medium 5.77 5.78 5.78 5.72 5.60 5.68 5.65 5.63
5. Large 17.28 17.96 18.78 18.44 21.68 19.48 19.98 20.13
Average 1.25 1.07 1.01 0.93 0.95 0.89 0.83 0.80
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
2.4. Water
All river systems of the State flow eastward from the Western Ghats and are rainfed.
Palar, Pennaiyar and Cheyyar are the three important river systems in the North. None is
perennial. Cutting across the centre of the state is the Cauvery fed by both the monsoons; it is
practically perennial, although in recent years, this has become drier mainly to the impounding
of water in the dams of Karnataka. Yet, along with its tributaries viz., Bhavani and Amaravathi,
it is the most important source of canal irrigation. South of Cauvery is three important rivers,
namely Vaippar, Vaigai and Tamiravaruni. Of these, Tamiravaruni is perennial and a source of
canal irrigation. Besides these, there are several other smaller and less important rivers in the
State. The rivers naturally, graded almost to their heads with only slight interruptions of profiles
when they pass through the Eastern Ghats. Though these rivers are not long, the deltas
present extremely distinctive features and the power and irrigation developments are
outstanding.
18
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Tamil Nadu with 7.0 per cent of population in the country is endowed with only 3.0
per cent of the water resources of India. The State‟s water resources are dependent on rainfall.
The Tamil Nadu Water Policy, 1994 was formulated based on the National Water Policy, 1987.
Taking into account of the National Water Policy, 2002, the State Water Policy has been
redrafted emphasizing the need for utmost efficiency in water utilization and public awareness of
the importance of its conservation.
2.4.1 Irrigation Potential
The total water potential of the State including groundwater is 46,540 million cubic
meters (MCM). The total surface water potential of the State is 24,160 MCM, including the
contribution from neighbouring states of Andhra, Karnataka and Kerala. Of the total water
potential, the surface water potential of about 2.4 million hectares has almost been fully
(more than 95 per cent) tapped since the late sixties. Ground water is, therefore, the only
alternative source available for further development.
The change in availability of ground water in Tamil Nadu is furnished in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5 Change in Availability of Groundwater in Tamil Nadu
Sl. No.
Years of Assessment
Category of blocks
Total Safe blocks
Semi critical blocks
Critical blocks
Over exploited
blocks Saline
1. 1987 251
(66.40) 86
(22.75) 41
(10.84) - - 378
2. 1992 209
(54.42) 86
(22.39) 89
(23.17) - - 384
3. 1998 137
(35.5) 70
(18.18) 35
(9.09) 135
(35.06) 8
(2.07) 385
4. 2003 97
(25.20)
105
(27.27)
37
(9.61)
138
(35.84)
8
(2.08) 385
5. 2011 136
(35.23)
67 (17.35)
33 (8.54)
139 (36.01)
11 (2.84)
386
Source: Report on Dynamo Ground Water Resources of Tamil Nadu as on Tamil Nadu, State and Ground water Year book on 2011-12.
The ground water potential for future development has been estimated at 3142.27
MCM as of January 2003. This balance potential is mostly distributed in 236 blocks
compressing safe, semi- critical and critical categories. The ground water availability is found
to be in safe condition only in 136 blocks (35.23 per cent) of Tamil Nadu State.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2.4.2 Sources of Irrigation
The major irrigation sources of the State are canals, tanks and wells. The per capita
availability of water in the State stood at 900 cubic meters only as against the All – India level
of 2200 cubic meters. The sources of irrigation and percentage of net and gross area
irrigated are indicated in Table 2.6.
It could be seen that the percentage of canal area irrigated has come down from
42.00 in 1950-51 to 25.17 in 2011-12. Similarly, the percentage of area irrigated by tanks
declined from 30.00 in 1950-51 to 17.81 in 2011-12. On the contrary, wells have shown a
constant rise from 24.00 per cent in 1950-51 to 56.78 per cent in 2011-12. The other sources
of irrigation had shown a constant declining trend. The percentage of net area irrigated to net
area sown had shown an upward trend with a fall in 1990-91, 2005-06 and 2011-12. The
same phenomenon was observed in the case of gross area irrigated to total gross area. The
net area irrigated and gross area irrigated had improved by 33.97 and 35.19 per cent
respectively during 2005-06 and 2011-12. The area under canal, tank and well irrigation had
witnessed an upward shift between 2005-06 and 2011-12.
The district wise area irrigated over years is furnished in Table 2.7. The net area
irrigated was more pronounced in the districts of Villupuram, Coimbatore, Thanjavur, Erode,
Thiruvannamalai, Cuddalore and Thiruvarur in that order in 2011-12. Area irrigated more
than once was found to be more in the districts of Thiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Thiruvallur,
Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore and Erode in that order. The gross area irrigated in
2011-12 ranged from 36,495 hectares in Kanyakumari district to 2, 53,389 hectares in
Villupuram district.
20
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.6 Source-wise Net Area Irrigated and Percentage to Total Irrigated Area
(in lakh hectares)
Sources of Irrigation 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-2001 2005-06 2011-12
Canal 7.88
(42.00)
8.82
(36.0)
8.84
(34.0)
8.89
(35.0)
7.69
(32.4)
8.33
(28.8)
8.00
(27.4)
7.46
(25.17)
Tanks 5.65
(30.00)
9.36
(38.0)
8.98
(35.0)
5.90
(22.0)
5.31
(22.3)
5.88
(20.4)
5.75
(19.7)
5.28
(17.81)
Wells 4.26
(24.0)
5.98
(24.0)
7.75
(30.0)
10.67
(42.0)
10.59
(44.6)
14.49
(50.2)
15.36
(52.6)
16.83
(56.78)
Other sources 0.76
(4.0)
0.46
(2.0)
0.35
(1.0%)
0.24
(1.0)
0.14
(0.7)
0.16
(0.6)
0.72
(0.3)
0.07
(0.24)
Total 18.55 24.62 25.92 25.70 23.73 28.87 36.33 29.64
% of net area irrigated to net area sown
36.00 41.10 42.00 48.00 42.50 54.10 40.3 59.46
Gross area irrigated 21.89 32.35 34.10 32.94 28.94 34.90 33.97 35.19
% of gross area irrigate to total gross area sown
37.10 44.20 46.20 50.90 43.60 55.10 46.3 59.75
Figures in parenthesis indicate per cent to total
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.7 District – wise Details of Net Area and Gross Area Irrigated in Tamil Nadu (in hectares)
Sl. No.
District Net Area Irrigated Area irrigated more than once Gross Area Irrigated
2004-05 2005-06 2011-12 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12
1 Ariyalur - - 35590 - - 3664 - - 39254
2 Coimbatore 160261 170511 114399 13313 10960 3142 181471 181471 117541
3 Cuddalore 146355 155013 148549 28503 25779 31796 180792 180792 180345
4 Dharmapuri 51447 66690 83206 5814 11691 38684 78381 78381 121890
5 Dindigul 92955 104672 120894 4502 7156 4551 112071 112071 125445
6 Erode 149713 161217 126169 28668 23687 15217 184904 184904 141386
7 Kancheepuram 105478 120700 101052 32884 32605 13948 153305 153305 115000
8 Kanyakumari 27972 27694 28106 6935 10945 8389 38885 38885 36495
9 Karur 42880 54709 60478 2046 2681 6680 57390 57390 67158
10 Krishnagiri 44075 49002 52120 4367 9248 7997 58250 58250 60117
11 Madurai 77206 92245 88555 1141 8284 8341 99408 99408 96896
12 Nagapattinam 118174 125014 123108 21834 27925 41075 152127 152127 164183
13 Namakkal 47420 74318 75200 13739 13828 19160 88146 88146 94360
14 Nilgiris 736 750 383 - - - 750 750 383
15 Perambalur 63987 66855 33728 12049 9726 3881 - - 37609
16 Pudukkottai 102713 109827 116037 1242 1486 4735 111182 111182 120772
17 Ramanathapuram 72718 68547 66896 - - - 68547 68547 66896
18 Salem 80199 97973 116985 17556 21707 51830 119680 119680 168815
19 Sivagangai 83160 88999 89788 - - 127 88999 88999 89915
20 Thanjavur 160889 165679 174746 25570 35814 67613 193670 193670 242359
21 Theni 52657 55718 64354 6029 8009 13942 63630 63630 78296
22 Tiruchirapalli 91549 110054 98523 12243 11798 9866 121852 121852 108389
23 Tirunelveli 110389 111132 117485 10454 25541 23662 139778 139778 141147
24 Thiruvallur 83954 92498 85744 19839 37138 26086 129636 129636 111830
25 Thiruvannamalai 144156 160639 148528 44325 58511 46912 219150 219150 195440
26 Thiruvarur 141206 147564 148602 10568 15320 57590 165362 165362 206192
27 Thoothukudi 40038 39674 40618 1555 1131 3793 46331 46331 44411
28 Tirupur - - 122959 - - 4165 - - 127124
29 Vellore 70294 103345 90501 26814 21983 16272 125328 125328 106773
30 Villupuram 222021 243141 235645 41021 38044 17744 281185 281185 253389
31 Virudhunagar 52596 55365 55079 5390 5118 3933 59909 59909 59012
Total 2147673 2637198 2964027 330885 449910 554795 2478558 3087108 3518822
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2.4.3 Irrigation Intensity
The district wise details of net area and gross area irrigated along with the irrigation
intensity for the period from 2003-04 to 2011-12 are furnished in Table 2.8. It could be seen
that the irrigation intensity at the state level varied from 115.41 per cent in 2003-04 to
118.72 per cent in 2011-12. The irrigation intensity was found to be higher than the State
level in the districts of Kancheepuram, Thiruvarur, Cuddalore, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai,
Salem, Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tirunelveli and
Kanyakumari in 2011-12. Further, there had been increase in the irrigation intensity
continuously from 2003-04 to 2011-12, only in the districts of Salem, Dharmapuri and Karur.
Table 2.8 District wise Irrigation Intensity
Sl. No. District Irrigation Intensity (in percentage)
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12
1 Ariyalur N.A N.A N.A 110.3
2 Coimbatore 104.76 108.31 106.43 102.75
3 Cuddalore 118.29 119.48 116.63 121.4
4 Dharmapuri 105.06 111.3 117.53 146.49
5 Dindigul 106.49 107.7 107.07 103.76
6 Erode 105.47 119.15 114.69 112.06
7 Kancheepuram 129.25 131.18 127.01 113.8
8 Kanyakumari 125.83 139.13 140.41 129.85
9 Karur 103.74 104.77 104.9 111.05
10 Krishnagiri 115.01 109.91 118.87 115.34
11 Madurai 102.35 110.73 107.77 109.42
12 Nagapattinam 120.88 123.63 121.69 133.37
13 Namakkal 121.24 128.97 118.61 125.48
14 Nilgiris 100 100 100 100
15 Perambalur 115.53 118.83 114.55 111.51
16 Pudukkottai 101.5 101.45 101.23 104.08
17 Ramanathapuram 100 100 100 100
18 Salem 118.37 121.89 122.16 144.3
19 Sivagangai 100 100 100 100.14
20 Thanjavur 120.14 122.26 116.89 138.69
21 Theni 112.06 115.21 114.2 121.66
22 Tiruchirapalli 113.15 113.37 110.72 110.01
23 Tirunelveli 112.22 123.14 125.78 120.14
24 Thiruvallur 124.34 123.63 140.15 130.42
25 Thiruvannamalai 143.29 130.75 136.42 117.98
26 Thiruvarur 108.94 110.85 112.06 138.75
27 Thoothukudi 104.19 102.82 116.78 109.34
28 Tiruppur N.A N.A N.A 103.39
29 Vellore 119.49 138.15 121.27 107.53
30 Villupuram 133.87 118.48 115.65 121.4
31 Virudhunagar 109.84 109.73 108.21 107.14
Total 115.41 117.06 116.34 118.72
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal – 2005-06 and 2011-12 to2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Following are the infrastructure identified to meet out the various challenges emerging from
land and water resource management
Excavation of Prosopis (Karuvelam trees which are pollutants) in ooranies, in order
to reclaim the land for agricultural purposes.
Implementation of watershed projects which would improve groundwater recharge
and increase the irrigation potential.
Construction of series of check dams across rivers and Panchayat water bodies,
which would enhance irrigation facilities and increase cropping intensity, stop drying
of wells on account of groundwater recharge and solve drinking water problems of
adjacent villages.
Rehabilitation, modernization, renovation and desilting of ooranies, anaicuts and
reservoirs, water harnessing bodies and tanks and improve/restore/concretize canals
and lining of channels which would bring additional command area under irrigation,
upto tail-end areas.
Lining the bed and sides of canals as also construction of grade walls, in order to
improve the irrigation potential and arrest seepage.
Laying pipelines which would arrest water loss and benefit target areas.
Restoration and rejuvenation of water bodies / anaicuts and improvements to sluices
in the river systems for better conveyance efficiency.
Strengthening of the supply channels to water bodies, etc.
Provision of lift irrigation in water starved areas/farm ponds which would aid in
transforming the agricultural practices.
Desalination by water implementing agencies like TWAD Board would help reduce
salinity of water and facilitate potable water; both for agricultural and drinking
purposes.
Augment groundwater resources with groundwater recharge shaft where depletion of
water is faster.
Permanent restoration and flood protection works to the surplus water courses.
Construction of grade wall across rivers which would stagnate the water for greater
depths. Due to impounding of water upto influence point, water table in the open
wells and bore wells would rise.
Construction of barrages across rivers, which apart from facilitating generation of
electricity, would also recharge tanks and wells to considerable extent.
24
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Construction of community wells in semi-critical, critical and over-exploited blocks as
against wells dug by individuals.
Flood protection works in order to save standing crop and alleviate the distress of
farmers in hamlets around.
2.5 Crop Production – The Gaps
Given the above resources and their limitations, and considering the population
growth, the crop production in the State needs to achieve a higher production level. During
the beginning of the 12th Five Year Plan, targets were set in terms of area coverage and
production to be achieved by realizing a required rate of productivity levels for each crop.
The targets set for the 12th Plan (2012-17) and the gaps in percentage terms are furnished
in Table 2.9.
Table 2.9 Five Year Plan (12th Plan) Target and Gaps
Crop
12th Plan Target Gaps (2011-12 and 12th Plan target)
in %
A P Y A P Y
Paddy 22.00 100.01 4546 15.55 34.08 16.03
Millets 15.00 60.00 4000 135.11 158.18 9.80
Pulses 12.00 10.00 834 79.91 171.00 50.54
Total Food Grains 49.00 170.00 3469 52.70 67.45 9.64
Cotton 1.65 5.36 552 21.32 40.31 14.76
Sugarcane 3.73 54.50 14600** 7.80 36.25 29.20
Oilseeds 7.21 16.74 2322 60.58 50.27 @
Fruits 4.42 139.05* 31.46* 54.01 136.60 53.61
Vegetables 3.79 145.36* 33.92* 49.21 109.85 24.48
Spices 2.30 17.48* 7.60* 39.39 73.93 24.39
Plantation Crops 3.67 19.19* 5.23* 43.92 82.76 26.94
Flowers 0.42 5.18* 12.33* 61.54 89.05 19.13
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
0.16 1.05* 6.56* 14.29 @ @
A - Area: (lakh. ha.), P – Production: (lakh. MT) Y - Productivity: (Kg/ha) # in lakh bales of 170 kgs of lint each, *(in MT/ha) ** (Sugarcane in terms of gur) @- The required production and productivity have been achieved
It could be seen from the table that the 12th Plan also envisaged to achieve more
area coverage under each crop. Parallely, the productivity to be achieved in the above plan
has also been scaled up. For instance, about 50 per cent increase in pulses and fruits; 25
per cent increase in sugarcane, vegetables, spices and plantation crops; 14-19 per cent
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
increase in paddy, cotton and flowers, and less than 10 per cent in millets and total food
grains are to be achieved through productivity increase.
This delivers a direct message to the researchers and extension functionaries that
the State has no option except to increase the productivity of crop thus making the
production level comfortable without having much scope to increase the area coverage in
the respective crops.
2.6 Agricultural Inputs - Seeds
Among the major inputs, production and supply of quality seeds is the most
important one. The improved seeds have more genetic vigor for high yield potential and the
fertilizers and the balanced nutrient management trigger the potentials for increasing the
yield levels. Therefore, the timely and adequate availability of seeds along with other inputs
like fertilizers and pesticides are the essentials to keep agriculture growing. The details of
the quantities of seeds distributed from 2002-03 to 2011-12 are presented in Table 2.10.
Table 2.10 Distribution of improved Seeds by Crops (in tonnes)
Sl. No.
Crops 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12
I. FOOD GRAINS
a. Paddy 15483 12985 10738 16681 75250
b. Millet 363 351 363 489 6693
c. Pulses 941 1273 1340 1424 4800
Total (I) 16787 14609 12441 18594 86743
II. NON – FOOD GRAINS
a. Oilseeds 4269 3127 3261 4171 12092
b. Cotton 124 163 154 235 555
Total (II) 4393 3290 3415 4406 12647
Grand Total
(I + II)
21180 17899 15856 23000 99390
Source: Tamil Nadu an Economic Appraisal – 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14 Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
It could be seen from the table that 75,250 tonnes of paddy seeds were distributed to
the farmers during 2011-12 and it was fairly higher than that distributed in the previous three
years. About 6690 tonnes of millets were distributed in 2011-12 and it is the maximum as
compared to earlier years. Further, 4,800 tonnes of pulses were distributed to the farmers in
26
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2011-12 and it was higher as compared to earlier three years. Thus, a total of 86,743 tonnes
of food grain seeds were distributed to the farmers in 2011-12 and it was higher than that of
previous three years. As regards, non-food grains, oilseeds and cotton seeds were
distributed to the tune of 12,647 tonnes of which oilseeds accounted for 12,092 tonnes and
cotton accounted for 555 tonnes. The production as well as distribution of seeds was almost
on par, with minor variations in all the five years under question. The minor variations in the
quantities of seeds produced and distributed among the five years, might be mainly due to
the variations in the behaviour of the monsoons.
Perusal of the details on seed replacement rates achieved in 2003-04 and
2012-13 are given in Table 2.11 indicate that the targets in paddy, varietal cholam, ragi,
pulses and oilseeds could not be achieved.
Table 2.11 Seed Replacement by Crops - Percentage to Total Cropped Area
S.No Crop 2003-04 2012-13
A. FOOD CROPS
1. Paddy 13.00 76.00
2. Varietal cholam 1.50 51.00
3. Cumbu 7.49 94.00
4. Ragi 10.57 55.00
5. Maize 2.40 99.00
6. Pulses 8.60 46.00
B. NON-FOOD CROPS
1. Oilseeds
a. Groundnut 9.00 6.60
b. Gingelly 12.00 47.00
c. Sunflower 5.00 36.50
d. Castor 15.00 (Irri) 69.00
2. Cotton 10.00 (RF) 100 (BT)
Source: Statistical Handbook of Tamil Nadu, (various issues)
The shortfalls indicate the need for increasing seed production particularly in State
seed farms. Moreover, in the recent years, the farmers buying behaviour with reference to
seeds have changed towards the use of more and more purchased seeds. This trend again
reinforces the need for production and distribution of more quality seeds each year. Creation
of adequate seed processing and storage godowns to ensure supply of certified seeds in
right quantity at the appropriate time to the farmers to avoid crop loss, and godowns
(depots) for fertilizer, pesticide and bio-fertilizer would ensure better distribution of inputs to
farmers.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2.7 Mechanization
Farm Mechanization has been an important element of modernization of agriculture.
Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the availability of farm power coupled with
efficient farm implements and their judicious utilization. Agricultural equipments enable
efficient utilization of various inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and
water for irrigation in addition to alleviation of drudgery associated with various farm
operations and making farming an attractive enterprise.
Availability of adequate farm power is very crucial for timely farm operations for
increasing production and productivity. There has been close correlation between farm
power availability and productivity. Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the
availability of farm power coupled with efficient farm implements and their judicious
utilization. The power productivity relationship shows that those States having higher farm
power availability/ha have higher productivity. It is reported that the additional requirement of
food grains in future will be met, to a great extent, where in the demand for tractors, power
tillers and other machinery will continue to increase in future also.
The farm power availability during the year 2007-08 was 1.23 kW / Ha. Currently, the
farm power availability in Tamil Nadu is 1.83 kW / ha against the requirement of
2.00 kW / ha. Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring about significant improvement
in agricultural productivity. Thus there is strong need for mechanization of agricultural
operations.
It is inevitable to use machinery and multiple use attachments to tractors, for
compensating the non-availability of labour during peak seasons, and do the cultivation
practices in time.
The demonstration of Self-propelled Paddy transplanter, Rotavator, Disc plough,
Offset disc harrow, Sub-soiler, Post hole digger, attracted the farmers and received well by
the farming community due to less labour Intensive operations and cost of cultivation. The
planting and harvesting are “season” oriented, time bound and the demand of labour during
“Peak agricultural seasons” will be more and farmers are finding it difficult to cope up with
the situations. Further the Zero till seed drill, Raised bed Planter, Rotavator, Paddy
transplanter, Rice tray nursery preparation machine, laser leveler, sugarcane machinery and
turmeric harvester are also to be popularized in Tamil Nadu among the farming community
and make them purchase to use in the farming operations.
28
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
The mechanization thus ensures reduction of drudgery associated with various farm
operations as also to economize the utilization of inputs and thereby harnessing the
potential of available resources. The priorities for mechanization are decided as per the
actual requirement of various agro-climatic zones and involve land preparation equipment
and crop production techniques for cereal crops, cash crops, oil seeds, pulses, horticultural
crops etc.
The constraints in the promotion of mechanization include the varied requirement of
equipments for each agro-climate zone, small and fragmented land holdings, low investment
capacity of the farmers, inadequate irrigation facilities, know how status of the farmers,
repairs and maintenance facilities etc.
Tractors sales in Tamil Nadu along with the states like Maharashtra, Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh have been showing consistent growth since mid 2004-2007. The details of
agricultural machinery and implements in Tamil Nadu State are furnished in Table 2.12.
Table 2.12 Details of Agricultural Machinery and Implements
(in Numbers)
Sl. No.
Item 2004 2007
1 Ploughs a)Wooden b) Iron Total
755183 330147
1085330
321598 239653 561251
2 Bullock Carts 155857 88784
3 Sugarcane Crushers a) Worked by Power b) Worked by Bullocks
1407 6550 7957
4293 - -
4 Tractors (Crawlers Tractors, Hand Tractors and Four wheeled Tractors)
69391 -
5 Oil Engines (Used for Irrigation and other Agricultural purposes)
237031 -
6 Oil Ghanis 1794 2906
7 Plant Production Equipments a) Sprayer – dusters operated manually b) Sprayers – duster by Power c) Sprayers – dusters operated by Tractor
124241 79172 42685 2384
-
Source: 17
th Livestock Census – 2004 and 18
th Livestock Census – 2007.
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai-6.
Statistical Handbook of Tamil Nadu – 2008, Special Commissioner and Director, Department Of Economics and Statistics, Chennai-6.
29
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
The use of other farm equipments has also increased tremendously. Farmers have
understood the role of farm machinery and implements in augmenting the agricultural
productivity. However, providing efficient and improved implements to the farmers is the
need of the time. In order to achieve the maximum returns, these modern gadgets need to
be designed and developed efficiently and tested thoroughly to ascertain their field
performance before they reach the farmers. The Government is giving subsidy to farm
machines which are tested at the five farm machinery training and testing institutes
established by Govt. of India at Budni, Hisar, Anatapur, Biswanath and Chariali. But it is not
possible for the institutes to test all the tractors and farm machines in short duration with the
result the manufactures have to wait for longer duration to get their machines tested by the
above said institutes.
The establishment of testing facility to farm machinery will help in testing of more
agricultural equipment that are favorable for the State of Tamil Nadu and other parts of the
country.
2.8 Agricultural Marketing
The entire thrust and efficiency of Agriculture sector is dependent on marketing
support that minimizes the farmer‟s risk and facilitates in getting assured and fair returns.
An efficient marketing system holds the key to the success of diversification of agricultural
production. Market intelligence has a vital role to play. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
has a market intelligence unit which provides vital information to framers on marketing.
At present 21 market committees are functioning in Tamil Nadu at the district level.
Under these market committees, 273 regulated markets, 15 check posts, 108 rural godowns
and 108 grading centers are functioning. Nearly 42 agricultural commodities, viz., cereals,
oilseeds, pulses, cotton, turmeric etc. were notified. The total value of agricultural produce
transacted through agricultural marketing cooperatives had improved and more than
doubled from Rs. 307.25 crores in 2004-05 to Rs. 674.26 crores in 2005-06. In 2012-13,
with the exception of food grains, the value of transaction has increased in all the crops. The
details are furnished in Table 2.13.
30
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.13 Value of Agricultural Produce sold by Marketing Co-operatives
(₹ in crores)
S.No Crops 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2012-13
1 Food grains 38.73 35.97 32.60 20.14
2 Cotton 90.43 94.59 69.81 241.95
3 Chillies 2.81 2.80 2.18 4.49
4 Sugarcane 92.72 79.74 466.72 N.A.
5 Spices 0.11 44.84 28.79 91.19
6 Oilseeds 16.09 13.05 18.07 73.78
7 Others 99.99 36.24 56.08 120.35
Total 340.88 307.25 674.26 551.90
Source: The Registrar of Cooperatives, Chennai.
To provide a higher share of consumer prices to the farmers, there is a need to reduce
the multiple layers of intermediaries by providing alternative marketing channels and
creation of scientific storages nearer to the farms. The major infrastructure constraints faced
by most of the farmers‟ markets include the non availability of scientific storage facilities and
inadequate number of stalls, canteens, rest room facilities and drinking water. Even though
waste disposal is not a problem, the utilization of waste for productive purposes remains
elusive in most of the farmers markets.
Besides, storage godowns in Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies and in
Cooperative Marketing Societies, additional marketing godowns for storing food grains and
pulses, drying yards for use of farmers of food grains and pulses which would prevent loss
resulting from cleaning, grading, longer period of drying on roads, cold storage and market
complex for fruits and flowers, Coconut Market / Processing complex with trader input
shops, drying yard, solar drier, rural godown and value addition incubation centre, common
facility centres for vegetable sorting and packaging and direct sale units, establishment of
modern market complex for flowers, construction of godown, drying yard, warehousing and
transaction shed in Regulated Markets and Agri. Marketing Committees, Installation of silos
for storing grains, Direct purchase centres for procurement of agri. Commodities,
establishment of solar coconut drying yards etc. would help in effective post-harvest
management and value addition in agricultural and horticultural crops.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2.9 Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development
Activities allied to agriculture namely animal husbandry have the potential for providing
significant employment opportunities to rural and urban population. Allied activities provide
supplementary occupation to the people besides contributing to Gross State Domestic
Product. The dependence on the agricultural sector for supporting livelihood is well known
while the allied sectors offer scope for absorbing surplus labour from the agriculture sector.
The total livestock population of the State which stood at 227.35 lakhs in 2012 had
declined by 26.08 per cent over that of 2007 livestock census. The bovine (cattle and
buffalo) population in the State had witnessed steady decline between 1982 and 2012.
While Sheep population showed sign of decline, the goat population had steadily increased
during the reference period. The details of livestock particulars are furnished in Table 2.14
Table 2.14 Livestock Census of Tamil Nadu
(in lakhs)
Year Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goats Others Total Poultry
1982 103.66 (-4.03)
32.12 (4.35)
55.37 (4.69)
52.46 (24.85)
18.26 (135.31)
261.87 (8.45)
182.84 (27.88)
1989 93.53 (-9.77)
31.28 (-2.62)
58.81 (6.21)
59.20 (12.85)
20.85 (14.18)
263.66 (0.68)
215.70 (17.97)
1994 90.96 (-2.75)
29.31 (-6.30)
56.12 (-4.57)
58.65 (-0.93)
21.75 (4.32)
256.79 (-2.61)
238.52 (10.59)
1997 90.47 (-0.54)
27.41 (-6.48)
52.59 (-6.29)
64.16 (9.39)
24.76 (13.84)
259.39 (1.01)
365.11 (53.06)
2004 91.41 (1.03)
16.58 (-39.51)
56.00 (6.48)
81.77 (27.45)
3.73 (-84.94)
249.42 (-3.85)
865.90 (137.16)
2007 111.89 (22.40)
20.09 (21.17)
79.91 (42.70)
92.75 (13.43)
2.96 (-20.64)
307.59 (23.32)
1304.84 (50.69)
2012 88.14 (-21.22)
7.8 (-61.17)
47.86 (-40.10)
81.43 (-12.20)
2.12 (-28.37)
227.35 (-26.08)
1173.48 (10.06)
Figures in parenthesis indicate the per cent of growth over previous censuses.
Source: Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai-6.
The district wise details of livestock particulars as per livestock census of 2007 are
furnished in Table 2.15. Cattle accounted for 36.37 per cent of the total livestock population.
Next to cattle, goats accounted for 30.15 per cent of the total livestock population. Sheep
accounted for 25.97 per cent of livestock population. Buffaloes, pigs and others accounted
for 6.53, 0.92 and 0.03 per cent of the total livestock population respectively.
32
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.15 District wise Livestock Census – 2007
(in numbers)
Sl. No.
District Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goats Pigs Others Total
1 Ariyalur 204746 16107 73981 265237 9242 60 569373
2 Chennai 3068 2906 7027 3148 23 4 16176
3 Coimbatore 343385 36484 122813 230599 4944 582 738807
4 Cuddalore 337692 19784 47225 241378 36125 430 682634
5 Dharmapuri 452410 64731 297945 188084 2364 401 1005935
6 Dindigul 250399 80731 266401 258242 3853 1945 861571
7 Erode 549451 242464 584373 533036 4295 1420 1915039
8 Kancheepuram 621651 154434 308342 389190 4184 330 1478131
9 Kanyakumari 89704 2509 1238 118304 2644 30 214429
10 Karur 121272 55581 302490 166747 3530 46 649666
11 Krishnagiri N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A
12 Madurai 349095 6205 438276 512405 4259 97 1310337
13 Nagapattinam 300946 31841 18701 453781 942 17 806228
14 Namakkal 285958 219878 151666 462329 16656 138 1136625
15 Nilgiris 37372 1146 1658 17751 128 24 58079
16 Perambalur 126908 5046 58458 155731 7226 22 353391
17 Pudukkottai 682174 83955 794594 498989 4456 109 2064277
18 Ramanathapuram 132064 3549 358633 290541 11658 75 796520
19 Salem 564223 146589 355053 360336 15284 1198 1442683
20 Sivagangai 227913 7835 243791 227029 2470 69 709107
21 Thanjavur 446750 28154 51736 432078 3231 191 962140
22 Theni 136791 5351 87489 109370 4883 637 344521
23 Tiruchirappalli 429823 46971 212745 486748 8172 83 1184542
24 Thiruvallur 324222 194532 92970 321462 701 719 934606
25 Thiruvannamalai 717336 22686 366752 272823 5979 177 1385753
26 Thiruvarur 269555 7665 5881 311183 1056 186 595526
27 Thoothukudi 959029 319163 540768 318399 34338 1296 2172993
28 Tirunelveli 504332 114758 1222310 461300 43998 19 2346717
29 Vellore 573686 34032 249682 248273 6877 399 1112949
30 Villupuram 865683 33056 365307 495213 30205 444 1789908
31 Virudhunagar 281071 20859 362282 444878 10601 238 1119929
Total 11188709 2009002 7990587 9274584 284324 11386 30758592
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
About 75 per cent of the cattle population is concentrated in 15 districts. Of these
districts, Thoothukudi district topped the list and had 8.57 per cent of the total cattle
population followed by Villupuram (7.74 per cent) and Thiruvannamalai (6.41 per cent) in
that order. Buffalo‟s population was found to be higher in the districts of Thoothukudi, Erode,
and Namakkal accounting for about 40 per cent of the total buffalo population of the state.
Sheep and goat population was found to be higher in the districts of Tirunelveli, Pudukkottai,
Erode and Madurai accounting for 30 per cent of the sheet and goat population of the state.
Tamil Nadu Livestock Agency has brought all breeding activities under a single
umbrella and artificial insemination programme is being carried out effectively. As per
livestock census of 2004, a decline in breedable population was noticed from 47.12 lakhs in
2001 to 41.17 lakhs in 2004 in respect of cattle and from 15.15 lakhs to 9.01 lakhs in
buffaloes. The share of exotic and crossbreed cattle accounted for 62.9 per cent and that of
indigenous and native pure worked out to 37.1 per cent of the total breedable cattle
population. Among the buffalo population, the share of murrah was 32.08 per cent while
indigenous buffaloes accounted for the remaining 67.92 per cent in 2004. The details are
furnished in Table 2.16
Table 2.16 Breedable Cattle Population (in lakhs)
Category 1997 2001 2004 2007
Cattle
Exotic and Cross 12.61 18.78 25.89 33.77
Indigenous and Native Pure 32.02 28.34 15.28 14.31
Total 44.63 47.12 41.17 48.09
Buffaloes
Murrah and Graded 3.74 4.97 2.89 3.22
Indigenous 13.64 10.18 6.12 5.78
Total 17.38 15.15 9.01 9.00
Source: Commissioner and Director/ of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services and Tamil Nadu an Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai-6.
2.9.1 Milk Production
Milk Production in Tamil Nadu rose from 47.53 lakh tonnes in 2003-04 to 47.84 lakh
tonnes in 2004-05 and to 54.74 lakh tonnes in 2005-06 and to 68.31 lakh tonnes in 2010-11
and to 69.68 lakh tonnes in 2011-12. The State‟s share in total milk production at All India
34
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
level was 5.40 per cent in 2003-04 and 5.61 per cent in 2010-11. The per capita availability
of milk per day which witnessed a marginal increase from 209 gm in 2003-04 to 210 gm in
2004-05 to 234 gm in 2005-06 to 278 gm in 2010-11 and further decreased to 262 gm in
2011-12. The details are furnished in Table 2.17.
Table 2.17 Milk Production and Availability
Year Tamil Nadu All India Percentage
Share of Tamil Nadu
Per capita availability
(gms. per day)
(Lakh tonnes) Tamil Nadu All India
2000-2001 - 800.60 - 216 -
2003-2004 47.53 881.00 5.4 209 231
2004-2005 47.84 907.00 5.3 210 232
2005-2006 54.74 971.00 5.64 234 -
2010-2011 68.31 1218.47 5.60 278 -
2011-2012 69.68 1279.04 5.45 262 -
(Figures in brackets indicates percentage change over the previous year) Source: 1. Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai–6. 2. Tamil Nadu an Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research
Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. 3. Agricultural Statistics as a Glance 2012.
4. Statistical Hand Book of Tamil Nadu 2013, Department of Economics and Statistics Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai – 600 006.
The details of district wise milk production are furnished in Table 2.18. It could be seen
from the table that milk production was found to be the highest in the districts of Salem
(6.94 per cent), Vellore (6.06 per cent), Coimbatore (2.75 per cent), Erode (5.15 per cent),
Tirunelveli (4.53 per cent) and Namakkal (4.11 per cent) and they put together accounted for
29.54 per cent of total milk production of Tamil Nadu State in 2011-12.
Table 2.18 District wise Milk Production (000’ tonnes)
Sl.No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12
1. Ariyalur N.A N.A N.A N.A
2. Chennai 34.3 27.3 4.3 8.8
3. Coimbatore 255.8 247.8 332 191.7
4. Cuddalore 243.7 211.7 197.5 189.6
5. Dharmapuri # 225.8 155.3 208.9 179.4
6. Dindigul 216.4 191.7 178.2 235.4
7. Erode 246.7 287.2 325.8 359.5
8. Kancheepuram 216.2 231.2 141.7 275.8
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Sl.No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12
9. Kanyakumari 79.5 66.7 102.1 101.7
10. Karur 91.9 93.3 99.2 121.8
11. Krishnagiri N.A 92 178.4 199.9
12. Madurai 167.9 153.2 170.8 211.5
13. Nagapattinam 134.2 120.1 140.6 211.3
14. Namakkal 195.3 205.4 268.5 286.6
15. Nilgiris 60.3 60.3 45.6 89.6
16. Perambalur 136.9 129.4 149.1 192
17. Pudukkottai 121.1 146.8 115.7 256.9
18. Ramanathapuram 74.1 72.4 64.2 60.1
19. Salem 254.6 248.1 434.5 483.6
20. Sivagangai 89.7 80.2 94 127.4
21. Thanjavur 129.7 131.1 188.9 239.3
22. Theni 117.8 121.2 92.1 133.6
23. Trichy 172.5 163.3 222.6 247.2
24. Tiruppur N.A N.A N.A 261.1
25. Tiruvallur 223.6 202 169.8 188.7
26. Thiruvannamalai 259 269.1 248.4 424.1
27. Thiruvarur 93.7 111.7 166.8 146.4
28. Thoothukudi 90.9 105.9 99.8 221
29. Tirunelveli 153.5 160.9 283.9 316
30. Vellore 306.4 320.4 364.5 422.5
31. Villupuram 267.7 275.6 211.2 389.7
32. Virudhunagar 93.5 102.3 174.7 195.8
State 4752.70 4783.8 5473.6 6967.9
# Composite Dharmapuri district Source: Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai-6 and Tamil Nadu–An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
The average milk yield of indigenous cow per day was 2.58 kgs in 2011-12 as against
2.27 kg at All India level. However, with respect to exotic and cross bred cows, the State
yield was only 6.41kg as against 6.97 kg at All India level. Though the State has a sizable
population of buffaloes the average milk yield was only 4.09 kg as compared to 4.71 kg at
All India level.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
The current milk production in the State is though sufficient, to keep pace with the
growing population and changing consumption pattern owing to increase in income, there is
a need to improve the milk production and availability in the State. Lot of potentials is
observed to increase the milk production and convert this liquid milk into many value added
products. Necessary infrastructure is need to be provided to harness the potentials in the
milk production and availability by creating, semen stations, animal disease intelligent
laboratory, establishment of modern abattoirs, cold rooms for vaccine storage with generator
backup and regional drug warehouses, upgrading infrastructure in rural veterinary
dispensaries, strengthening of sheep / goat shandies with basic amenities, veterinary
buildings with OP sheds (for Veterinary clinics) in areas concentrated with animal
population, more insulated vehicles for carrying milk, establishing bulk milk cooling units,
pre-packaging machines for packing milk products, reconstruction and renovation of existing
sub-centres for treatment of animals and block-level mobile units for provision of veterinary
services/carrying medicines at the doorstep of farmers.
2.9.2 Poultry and Egg Production
Poultry farming provides livelihood support besides contributing to nutritional
requirements of the population. Poultry activity creates employment opportunities and
provides income. The State ranks second in egg production in the country and accounts for
17.70 per cent of the total poultry population in India. The poultry population based on
different livestock census is furnished in Table 2.19.
Table 2.19 Poultry Population of Tamil Nadu (in lakhs)
S.No Year Poultry % increase over previous
time period
1 1982 182.84 27.44
2 1989 215.70 17.97
3 1994 238.54 10.59
4 1997 365.11 53.6
5 2004 865.9 137.16
6 2007 1304.83 50.69
7 2012 1173.48 10.06
Source: Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Chennai Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
The poultry population had increased from 182.84 lakhs in 1982 to 865.9 lakhs in 2004
and 1173.48 lakhs in 2012. In 2004, poultry population had recorded an increase of 137.16
per cent over 1997 time period and during 2012 the increase was 10.06 per cent over 2007
census. Poultry rearing has become a commercial activity in the districts of Namakkal,
Erode and Coimbatore. The district-wise poultry population along with population of Horses,
Donkeys and Dogs as per 2012 census is furnished in Table 2.20.
Table 2.20 District-wise Poultry and other Animals Population
(in numbers)
Sl.No District Poultry Donkeys Dogs Fowls Horses and
ponies
1 Chennai 33345 7 39878 24276 27
2 Coimbatore 42028686 3437 153685 41968683 2277
3 Cuddalore 333043 54 41264 323491 1219
4 Dharmapuri 1549232 4040 90855 1546253 134
5 Dindigul 2037985 569 86561 2030614 4321
6 Erode 5270334 3074 152827 5180399 827
7 Kancheepuram 353844 1178 106369 328516 422
8 Kanyakumari 463824 13 697175 451529 2
9 Karur 498470 123 31746 493883 432
10 Krishnagiri 1293388 7323 47348 4289526 161
11 Madurai 685529 1046 58658 675968 477
12 Nagapattinam 402045 9 83108 385633 864
13 Namakkal 19275185 146 84913 19267146 1354
14 The Nilgiris 75599 83 120592 74932 586
15 Perambalur 262330 477 34520 260483 89
16 Pudukkottai 476110 1102 46994 472311 362
17 Ramanathapuram 330309 230 15855 324317 396
18 Salem 2678324 478 165716 2674079 1208
19 Sivagangai 720831 45 47169 715907 1800
20 Thanjavur 634546 9 88402 626018 142
21 Theni 517155 1213 18095 514278 894
22 Tirunelveli 1218583 961 67877 1205376 245
23 Thiruvallur 654317 735 120628 608673 1336
24 Thiruvannamalai 252314 153 36575 246160 142
25 Thiruvarur 339253 6 43076 336659 746
26 Thoothukudi 450229 2257 35400 447566 1011
27 Tiruchirapalli 940619 5406 37699 932418 1309
28 Vellore 1155183 806 99894 1100428 353
29 Villupuram 732090 680 144690 732743 1671
30 Virudhunagar 890571 346 46520 881664 181
State 86591273 25779 2716631 86119929 24988
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
From the table, it could be seen that poultry population was found to be high in the
districts of Coimbatore, Namakkal, Erode, Salem, Dindigul and Dharmapuri in that order and
they put together accounted for 84.11 per cent of total poultry population of the State.
Poultry population was found to be the least in the Nilgiris district.
Tamil Nadu is one of the leading states in egg production and export. The eco-friendly
backyard poultry rearing is practiced along with commercial poultry farming in the State. The
egg production in the State increased from 3,784 million numbers in 2003-04 to 6,395 million
numbers in 2004-05 but declined marginally to 6,223 million numbers in 2005-06 and 1,185
million numbers in 2011-12. The district-wise egg production details over years are furnished in
Table 2.21.
Table 2.21 Egg Production
(in lakh numbers)
Sl. No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12
1. Ariyalur N.A N.A N.A N.A
2. Chennai 55.4 50.8 7.2 4
3. Coimbatore 2517.2 697 816.8 1150
4. Cuddalore 201.4 153.1 109.8 165.1
5. Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri 1919.9 2041.2 1769.4 1092.6
6. Dindigul 267.1 233.6 188.9 133.1
7. Erode 2268.9 10345.4 10924.7 11295.5
8. Kancheepuram 266.8 402.8 292.6 371.8
9. Kanyakumari 326.3 198 93.6 106.7
10. Karur 525.5 680.3 2110.5 3682.5
11. Madurai 197.1 167.1 125 241.2
12. Nagapattinam 131.2 146.7 87.9 144.3
13. Namakkal 24686.1 40177.1 39828.9 87059.3
14. Nilgiris 20.1 15.9 18.7 17.9
15. Perambalur 107 93.3 136.7 232.6
16. Pudukkottai 182.9 504.1 111.6 223.3
17. Ramanathapuram 75.5 80.7 80.1 162.5
18. Salem 720.4 3316.3 2513.9 4247.3
19. Sivagangai 219.5 155.8 119.6 215.3
20. Thanjavur 245.8 455.8 440.2 233.3
21. Theni 183.2 271.5 67.8 93
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Sl. No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12
22. Tirunelveli 156.3 149.1 155.2 23.9
23. Tiruppur N.A N.A N.A 2516.3
24. Thiruvallur 633.3 509.2 170.2 1505.5
25. Thiruvannamalai 201.6 146.5 100.4 61
26. Thiruvarur 187.9 176.1 123.3 112.4
27. Thoothukudi 254.3 285.6 313.9 14.3
28. Tiruchirapalli 437.7 1508.5 663 2930.5
29. Vellore 440.5 278.9 250.8 165.4
30. Villupuram 239.7 451.8 246.2 95.2
31. Virudhunagar 168.2 255.5 358.7 222.9
State 37835.8 63947.70 62225.4 118518.3
Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13. Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
During 2011-12, Namakkal district has became an “egg basket” and accounted for
73 per cent of total egg production in the State. Next to Namakkal district, Erode district
accounted for 9.53 per cent of total egg production in the State. These two districts shared
nearly 82.53 per cent of the total egg production of the State.
2.9.3 Infrastructure for Veterinary Care
In order to provide health care to animals, promote scientific breeding of cattle and
control of cattle diseases, the State has created and maintains the animal care institutions
as detailed in Table 2.22.
Livestock health care prevents loss of lives and helps to improve the productivity of
livestock. Development Programmes like “Kalnadai Padhukappu Thittam” is being
implemented in the State. The number of animals treated in the State rose by 42.62 per cent
from 202.44 lakhs in 2005-06 to 288.71 lakhs in 2013-14. Deworming and artificial
insemination were the other major animal health care activities undertaken in the State.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.22 Details of animal health care activities
(in lakh numbers)
S. No Items of Activities 2005-06 2013-14 % increase
1 Animals Treated 202.44 288.71 42.62
2 Deworming done 186.01 329.30 77.03
3 Castration done 6.44 10.31 60.09
4 Artificial Incrimination Performed 32.87 47.62 44.87
Source: Policy Note 2014-15 Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.
In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, efforts are being made through six poly
clinics, 139 veterinary hospitals, 22 clinician centres, 2256 veterinary dispensaries, 56
mobile veterinary units and 950 sub-centres.
Creation of infrastructure and provision of equipments to the veterinary health
centres is necessary for the timely diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Emphasis
has to be given to strengthen mobile veterinary services to ensure better access to farm
households. Vaccine storage facilities in every health care institution would pave way for
better animal health management.
2.10 Fisheries
Tamil Nadu has a coastal line of 1,076 kms sharing 13.30 per cent of the nation‟s
coast line of 8118 kms. The State possesses 0.19 million sq.km of Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) accounting for 9.70 per cent of the country‟s Exclusive Economic Zone of 2.02
million sq. kms. The sector provides employment to 10.02 lakh persons and contributes
Rs.1, 99,572 lakhs to foreign exchange. The inland fisheries sector in the State spread over
3.71 lakh hectares of water spread area comprising of reservoirs, major irrigation and long
seasonal tanks, short seasonal tanks and ponds, estuaries and backwaters.
2.10.1 Fish Production
The total fishermen population in the State was 11.03 lakhs which formed a share of
1.5 per cent of the State‟s total population. The fishermen population comprising those
engaged in marine and inland fishing was in the ratio of 70:30. The total marine fishermen
population of 9.25 lakhs is spread over 608 coastal villages in 13 districts. The three districts
viz., Nagapattinam, Ramanathapuram and Kanyakumari put together accounted for
57 per cent of the total marine fishermen population in the State.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Overall fish production during 2011-12 was estimated at 6.51 lakh tonnes which
accounted for an increase of 19.23 per cent over the production in 2005-06. Marine fish
accounted for about 66 per cent of total fish production. The details are furnished in Table
2.23.
Table 2.23 Fish Production in Tamil Nadu (in lakh tonnes)
Sl.No. Years Inland Marine Total
1. 2003-04 0.77
3.81
4.58
2. 2004-05 0.87
3.08
3.95 (-13.76)
3 2005-06 1.56
3.90
5.46 (38.23)
4 2011-12 2.24 4.27 6.51 (19.23)
Source: Commissioner of Fisheries, Chennai-6 and Tamil Nadu–An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. Figures in parenthesis denote percentage change over previous year.
Currently the demand for fish increased due to changes in consumption pattern of
growing population in the State. The fish resources in the inshore area had been over
exploited. Further, there is a decline in fish catches in inshore areas due to depleted fish
stock. The growing demand could be met from the exploitation of offshore resources to an
optimum level by technological up gradation, skill up gradation and adoption of sustainable
practices by creating adequate infrastructure.
In the case of marine fish market chains, these activities suffer from unhygienic
conditions, poor handling of the fish and wastages. Small-scale fisheries are unable to gain
access to more efficient marketing systems and supporting infrastructure (ice, cold storage,
etc.) that would lead to better quality and prices. Besides, adequate process infrastructure
facility in marine sector has to be created.
Inland fish catches are conditioned by aberrations of rainfall, less retention of water
in the water bodies, inadequate fish seed and feed and absence of proper marketing. Efforts
need to be directed towards the development of scientific storages and marketing of inland
fisheries. To augment inland fisheries, the shortfall in fish seed and feed has to be rectified.
Inland fishery cooperative societies need to be promoted and strengthened and provided
with necessary infrastructure and financial support to take up culture and capture fisheries
with the active role of fisherwomen. Fresh water fish culture needs to be promoted in
seasonal tanks/ponds owned by Panchayats.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2.10.2 Fish Export
Fish and fish products are exported from the State. There are 57 approved modern
sea food processing plants and 64 approved dried fish production exporting centres
functioning in the State. Over 4,000 persons are directly and 12,000 persons are indirectly
employed in the export processing industry in the State. However, there was a fluctuating
trend in the total quantity of fish and fishery products export in the State (Table. 2.24).
Of the total quantity exported, the export of shrimp alone accounted for as much as
63 per cent. Contrary to this trend, the value of earnings from fish and fishery products
exports gradually improved from Rs. 2,800 crores in 2010-11 to Rs. 3,029 crores in 2011-12
(5.9%). Likewise the average earnings per tonnes increased from Rs. 3.31 lakhs in 2010-11
to Rs.3.75 lakhs in 2011-12. The State‟s share in total quantity of fish products exports at
the all India level was 10.6 per cent in 2010-11.
The State has rich potential for fish culture and Tamil Nadu is one of the major fish
exporting States in India. The quantity of fish and fish products exported was 0.77 lakh
tonnes in 2003-04 which improved to 0.87 lakh tonnes in 2004-05 to 1.56 lakhs tonnes in
2005-06 and 2.24 lakhs tonnes in 2011-12. The share in fish export accounted for 19.23 per
cent of the total export of the country in 2011-12.
Table 2.24 Export of Fish and Fish Products
Year Tamil Nadu All India
Quantity (tonnes) Value
(Rs. crore) Quantity (tonnes)
Value (Rs. crore)
2010-11 86,182 2,860 8,13,091 12,901
2011-12 80,738 3,029 8,62,021 16,597
Source: Tamil Nadu–An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14
The following are the infrastructure requirements identified in this sector:
Infrastructure for fishermen community to enable scientific fish farming with
backward and forward linkages and common facility centers. Further, by conducting
sensitization workshops, providing training on different types of fish farming and
supplying refrigerated vans for transportation of fish
Ice plants for fish storage by Fisheries Department
Inland Fish farms
Marine Fish Landing Centres
43
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
2.11 Sericulture
India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five kinds
of silk namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga, Tropical Tasar and Temperate Tasar. In Tamil Nadu
mulberry silk is produced predominantly. Cultivation of mulberry plants (Moriculture) is an
agricultural activity. In Tamil Nadu, mulberry cultivation is mainly taken up in irrigated
condition. The silkworm seed production centers named as grainages are also present in the
state. The silkworm seed known as Disease Free Layings (DFLs) are prepared in the
grainages and supplied to the farmers for rearing. Both Government and private sector
grainages are involved in this activity. There are 11 state government run grainages, three
run by Central Silk Board and six by private grainages.
Silkworm rearing is considered to be an agro based cottage industry since it involves
mulberry cultivation. Silkworms are reared for the production of “cocoons” which is the raw
material for silk production. The farmers rear silkworms and produce cocoons and marketed
to silk reelers through 19 cocoon markets. The raw silks produced by the silk reelers are
marketed directly to the weavers or through Silk Exchanges.
Mulberry cultivation in the State has declined from 11,060 hectares in 2000-01 to
6613.93 hectares as on 1.4.2006. An additional area of 2568.39 hectares has been brought
under mulberry cultivation. The production of the cocoon in the State had increased from
3101.20 metric tonnes in 2004-05 to 524.90 metric tonnes in 2005-06 and the production of
raw silk had increased from 443.00 metric tonnes in 2004-05 to 738.80 metric tonnes in
2005-06. The production of raw silk was found to be high in the districts of Krishnagiri and
Erode. The value of raw silk stood at Rs.8577.47 lakhs in Tamil Nadu State during 2005-06.
There are about 20,863 farmers engaged in Sericulture activity in Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu
occupies fourth position in the country in silk production and the state is aiming to occupy
third position. The annual silk production in Tamil Nadu is around 1200 MT. The weaving
sector of Tamil Nadu comprises mostly of Handlooms. Kancheepuram, Arni, Kumbakonam,
Salem, Coimbatore, Madurai and Tirunelveli are important weaving centers in Tamil Nadu.
During the year 2012-2013, 1184.62 MT of raw silk, have been produced in the state,
of which 609.12 MT are cross breed silk and 575.50 MT are bivoltine silk. Tamil Nadu
continues to occupy the fore-front position in the country in Bivoltine silk production.
Tamil Nadu stands first in cocoon productivity with an average of 69.69 Kg per 100 dfls,
whereas the National average is only 58.20 Kg per 100 dfls. Further, Tamil Nadu stands first
in the production of chawki worms with 27 per cent laying are distributed as chawki worms to
the farmers, which is the highest at National level.
44
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Though majority of the farmers aware of the economic benefit of mulberry cultivation
and silkworm rearing and the associated production technologies, the cultivation of mulberry
is highly localized in the districts of Kanyakumari, Erode, Dharmapuri and Coimbatore that
too with less than 1500 acres each and in all other districts; the area under mulberry is very
minimum. The rearing units are limited in numbers. Hence there is need to create additional
facilities to bring more area under mulberry cultivation, encourage silk worm rearing and
reeling. Efforts have to be taken for providing support to plant mulberry, rearing shed,
rearing appliances, capacity building of mulberry farmers, provision of mobile vans to
transport cocoons, resorting to integrated nutrient management and integrated pest
management and promotion and installation of drip irrigation system in mulberry cultivation.
2.12 Vision 2023
In Vision 2023, the State Government has also proposed to undertake various
infrastructure projects. Infrastructure developments in agriculture are targeted at the three
initiatives of improving the productivity in agriculture, assurance of year round irrigation, and
marketing extension. An estimated investment of Rs. 40,000 crores (Table 2.25) is
anticipated towards development of agricultural infrastructure across the State. The key
projects are:
a. Irrigation projects involving connectivity of farms with canals and dams, and cleaning
of water resources such as tanks, wells and dams.
b. Micro irrigation for 100% of crops under horticulture, vegetables and fruits and
spices.
c. Horticultural parks for fruits, vegetables and spices would be developed across the
State.
d. Chain of storage facilities including cold storage and associated logistics facilities
e. Packing houses and gamma irradiation facilities are to be developed in each district
f. Grain storage facilities
g. Three terminal market complexes to serve the local and export market
h. Strengthening R&D capacity
The State Government also identified various infrastructure projects to be
implemented and the budget requirement is shown in Table 2.26
45
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 2.25 Infrastructure Investment
(₹ in crores)
Sl. No. Name of the Project Amount
1 Cleaning of well, tanks and canals 16,000
2 Horticulture Parks 6,600
3 100% Micro Irrigation for horticulture crops 6,400
4 Grain Storage Godowns 2,700
5 Strengthening of R&D Capacity of Agricultural Universities 2,000
6 Food Processing Centres 1,500
7 Cold Storage Projects, Terminal Market Complex 2,000
8 Support to Mechanization 1,000
9 Packing houses, Gamma Irradiation Facility, Agro Food Parks & Export Zones, Perishable air cargo complex, ICT tools for agriculture extension etc
1,800
Total 40,000
Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023, Strategic Plan for Infrastructure Development in
Tamil Nadu Vision Volume 1, Government of Tamil Nadu.
Table 2.26 Infrastructure projects identified by State Government
(₹ in crores)
Sl. No.
Name of the Project Amount
1 Infrastructure set-up for seed supply chain 2,000
2 Programme for Soil Quality Improvement and Wasteland
Rehabilitation
2,000
3 Strengthening of Seed Farms, Horticultural Farms and establishment
as demonstration farms
2,000
4 Horticulture Development Programme 400
5 Propagation of Micro Irrigation 20,000
6 Agricultural mechanization 20,000
7 Integrated Market Development and Post Harvest Supply Chain 20,000
8 Infrastructure support for Agro Food Processing Industry 5,000
9 Infrastructure for diary processing 5,250
10 Infrastructure for poultry processing 2,000
11 Integrated fish processing centres and fish landing stations / fishing
harbours
1,500
46
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Sl. No.
Name of the Project Amount
Sub-total for Agriculture and allied sectors 80,150
12 Rehabilitation of tanks and well 22,500
13 Infrastructure development to conserve North East Monsoon drainage
water, Coastal zone and Cauvery Delta Irrigation Development Plan
3,000
14 Lining of major canals in Tamil Nadu 5,000
15 Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project 750
16 Interlinking of Rivers 10,000
Sub-total for Irrigation 41,250
Total 1,21,400
Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023, Strategic Plan for Infrastructure Development in Tamil Nadu Vision Tamil Nadu Phase 2, Government of Tamil Nadu, page 248, 2014.
Considering the aforesaid scenario of developments, the overall infrastructure
requirement was assessed in consultation with the line departments of the State
Government at the district level and State level and also based on the feedback obtained
from the farmers at various levels. The type of infrastructure and budget requirement is
presented in the next chapter.
47
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
CHAPTER III
INFRASTRUCTURE AND BUDGET
3.1 Agriculture
3.1.1 Production of planting materials
Ensuring farmers timely access to seed and planting material of good quality is one
of the most important elements of successful agricultural production. It is also recognized
that increased access by farmers to appropriate seed material is a key element in support of
agricultural production in the context of high food prices and climate changes. Despite this
reality, seed and planting material available to farmers is often of insufficient quality, which
undermines potential yield and performance of crop production. The challenges of improving
the quality of the seed produced and used by farmers have to be addressed in a range of
programs and initiatives through the establishment of quality nurseries across the State.
The districts namely Cuddalore, Erode, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur, Virudhunagar have
proposed the need to establish such nurseries. Besides, wherever the demand for seeds /
seedlings is huge, for instance in Tiruvarur district, establishment of community nursery is
found to be promising. A revision of the system aimed at expanding the crop coverage and
better adaptation to changing circumstances and needs could yield desirable improvement
in production and distribution of quality planting materials to farmers. The overall budget to
undertake the establishment of nurseries in various districts is presented in Table 3.1.
3.1.2 Facilities for seed processing
Seed is the most basic input in agriculture. Therefore, the sustained supply of the
quality seeds will continue to be a key factor for augmenting agricultural growth. The
importance of seed has been recognized from the time immemorial that good seed in good
field would yield abundantly. Seed multiplication/production is a two-tier system, i.e., pre-
harvest and post-harvest. Each phase is important over the other. If due attention is not paid
during the first phase, there is no way left for getting good quality seed. The same is true
with second phase as hard earned produce may be destroyed by various agents during
post-harvest period. Each operation such as cleaning, grading, drying and chemical
treatment should be judiciously taken up to get quality seed with maximum recovery.
Therefore seed processing is a vital part of the seed production activities and the State
Government has accorded high priority. In view of above, efforts have to be taken with the
objective of production of quality seeds of agricultural crops through scientific methods and
48
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
adopting appropriate processing techniques through establishment and modernization of
State seed processing plants at an overlay of Rs. 3,051 lakhs (Table 3.2).
3.1.3 Facilities for seed quality maintenance
After harvesting, cleaning, drying, processing, and packaging, the representative
samples of seed lot are required to be taken and sent to the laboratory for quality testing.
From the test results, genetic, physical, physiological, and health qualities of seeds are
determined. Different countries have set their own standards to find out these qualities in the
seed lot. The National Seed Board, for instance, has approved maximum amount of
moisture content, minimum germination potential, and minimum physical purity in
foundation, certified and truthfully labeled seeds of different crops as basic seed standards.
The test results must conform the approved seed standards to send the seeds in the market
for commercial transaction. The overall budget required to establish seed testing laboratory
in order to maintain the quality of seeds are Rs. 300 lakhs. The details of seed testing
laboratories proposed specifically in Nagapattinam and Krishnagiri districts are shown in
Table 3.3.
3.1.4 Production of organic manure
The vision of organic agriculture in India has necessitated to recognize the need to
change in farming system approach and initiated program to promote organic farming in a
big way. The Network Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) for promotion of organic farming
and the National Program for Organic Production (NPOP) to provide institutional mechanism
for implementation of National Standards for organic cultivation and accreditation of
certification agencies and inspecting agencies would pave way for the production and
distribution of quality and safe food and also help in protecting the environmental
degradation owing to indiscriminate use of chemicals in crop cultivation.
The diverse climatic region in Tamil Nadu favors cultivation of wide range of crops
under the “organic” system of cultivation. The major focus is to improve the soil fertility and
productivity by encouraging biological cycles within the farming systems by involving micro-
organisms, soil flora and fauna, plants and animals etc. This necessitated to provide
infrastructure and the overall budget allocated to undertake the various interventions like
strengthening of biofertilizer production units in Cuddalore, Karur, Madurai, Pudukkottai,
Ramanathapuram, Salem, Thanjavur and Theni districts; establishment of bio compost and
charcoal unit at Dindigul district; and establishment of vermicomposting unit in various
districts are shown in Table 3.4.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.1 Infrastructure Facilities for Production of Planting Materials
(₹ in lakhs)
Components District
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of
Nursery @ Rs 5
lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10
Erode 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 4 20
Ramanathapuram 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10
Thanjavur 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5
Establishment of
Community Nursery
(ac) @ Rs 1.5 lakhs
/acre
Tiruvarur 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 50 75
Grand total 45 20 20 25 15 125
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.2 Infrastructure Facility for Seed Processing
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
State Seed Processing unit Rs 25.0 lakh/unit
Ariyalur, Dharmapuri, Kancheepuram, Kanyakumari, Krishnagiri, Madurai, Nagapattinam, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Sivagangai, Tiruppur, Trichy, Vellore, Villupuram, and Virudhunagar @ 2 unit/district
30 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 750
Tiruvallur, Thiruvannamalai @ 4/district in the I year and 2 units /district in the remaining years
8 200 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100 24 600
Tiruvarur and Thoothukudi @ 4 units/district
8 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 200
Thanjavur 6 150 6 150
Sub total 52 1300 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100 68 1700
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.2 Infrastructure Facility for Seed Processing (Contd..)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment/Mo
dernization of
State Seed Farm
(SSF)
Cuddalore 31 31
Dharmapuri 12 12
Erode 168 168
Kancheepuram 19 19
Kanyakumari 2 2
Karur 65 65
Krishnagiri 6 6
Madurai 46 46
Nagapattinam 18 18
Pudukkottai 248 248
Salem 70 70
Thanjavur 66 66
Thiruvallur 4 4
Tiruvarur 87 87
Tirunelveli 34 34
Tiruppur 46 46
Trichy 103 103
Vellore 1 1
Villupuram 251 251
Virudhunagar 74 74
Sub total 1351 1351
Grand total 2651 100 100 100 100 3051
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.3 Infrastructure Facilities for Seed Quality Maintenance
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Seed
testing laboratory @
Rs 60.0 lakhs/unit
Nagapattinam 1 60 0 0 1 60 1 60 1 60 4 240
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60 1 60
Grand total 1 60 0 0 1 60 1 60 2 120 5 300
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.4 Infrastructure for Production of Organic Manure
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Vermicomposting
unit/shed/FYM pits @
Rs.50000 / unit
Ariyalur 50 25 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50
Coimbatore 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 100 50
Dharmapuri 75 38 75 38 75 38 75 38 75 38 375 188
Dindigul 84 42 154 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 238 119
Karur 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10
Krishnagiri 190 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 95
Namakkal 172 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172 86
Perambalur 60 30 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55
Pudukkottai 120 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60
Ramanathapuram 100 50 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75
Salem 24 12 14 7 14 7 16 8 18 9 86 43
Thanjavur 100 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50
Thiruvallur 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 150 75
Thiruvannamalai 120 60 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 85
Thoothukudi 180 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 90
Tiruppur 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 130 65
Trichy 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 500 250
Vellore 172 86 100 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 272 136
Villupuram 11 6 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 51 26
Virudhunagar 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25
Sub total 1664 832 739 370 285 143 287 144 289 145 3264 1632
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.4 Infrastructure for Production of Organic Manure (Contd.)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Strengthening of bio
fertilizer production
unit @ Rs. 30
lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 2 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90
Karur 2 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 60
Madurai 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30
Pudukkottai 2 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90
Ramanathapuram 1 30 0 0 2 60 0 0 0 0 3 90
Salem 2 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90
Thanjavur 1 30 0 0 2 60 0 0 0 0 3 90
Theni 2 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 60
Sub total 13 390 0 0 7 210 0 0 0 0 20 600
Establishment of bio
compost unit @ Rs 1
lakh /unit
Dindigul 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5
Establishment of
Charcoal unit @ Rs
3 lakhs/unit
Dindigul 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 6
Sub total 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 11
Grand total 1226 371 354 145 149 2243
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.1.5 Establishment of Laboratories
Quality control is the process of checking the quality of the material against the standard
set by the organizations and if the material does not match with the standards, then such
material is said to be substandard. Quality control laboratories are being established by the
Government with an intention to supply quality inputs viz., seed, fertilizers and pesticide and
services like soil testing to the farmers. To have effective quality control of inputs, quality
inspectors are to be appointed. The Agricultural Research - NABL Accreditation lab at
Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Erode, Kancheepuram, Madurai, Salem, Trichy and Vellore districts;
Organic Fertilizer Testing laboratories at Coimbatore, Kancheepuram and Trichy districts; Bio-
Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratory at Trichy district; Establishment of Pesticide Residual
Laboratory and laboratory for leaf analysis for selective nutrient application at Krishnagiri district;
Soil Testing Laboratory and Fertilizer Control Laboratory at Kancheepuram and Virudhunagar
districts; Strengthening of Mobile Soil Testing Laboratory for Ensuring Soil Health at
Aruppukottai district; Soil Testing laboratory at Karur and Namakkal districts; and Strengthening
of Central Control Laboratory and up gradation of training institute at Pudukkottai district were
proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 3,032 lakhs Table 3.5.
3.1.6 Infrastructure for Strengthening Research Capacity
Agricultural Research Station (ARS) and Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) operating in the
State are doing yeomen services to the farming community and public by providing technical
advices and expertise for the holistic development of the farmers. These institutions also
prioritize their actions so as to ensuring food and nutritional security. However, they are not
endeavored with adequate infrastructure, which is absolutely essential for growth and
development. Strengthening the existing and creating new assets/amenities would bring
profound influence on the constructive and technical services effectively. They also need
support for establishing / Strengthening of Research stations / Centre of Excellence;
Establishment of Mango Research Station; Establishment of Horticultural College & Research
Institute in Hosur; Construction of 1st Floor in SAMETI New Hostel, Kudumiyanmalai; and
Strengthening of Four Soil Survey and Land Use Organization Units for catering to the needs of
farming community. The details of budget requirement (Rs. 9,653 lakhs) for the various
Agricultural research and development activities representing different districts are furnished in
Table 3.6.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.5 Establishment of Laboratories (₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Agricultural Research - NABL Accreditation lab
Coimbatore 0 167 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 167
Cuddalore, Erode, Madurai, Salem, Trichy and Vellore @Rs. 60 lakh/unit
0 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360
Kancheepuram 0 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140
Sub total 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667
Organic Fertilizer Testing laboratories @ Rs 56 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore and Trichy
0 0 0 0 2 112 0 0 0 0 2 112
Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 56 1 56
Sub total 0 0 0 0 2 112 0 0 1 56 3 168
Bio-Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratory @ Rs 75 lakhs/unit
Trichy 1 75 1 75 1 75 1 75 4 300
Establishment of Pesticide Residual Laboratory @ Rs 865 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 865 1 865
Laboratory for leaf analysis for selective nutrient application @ Rs 180 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 180 1 180
Soil Testing Laboratory and Fertilizer Control Laboratory @ Rs 56 lakhs/unit
Kancheepuram, Virudhunagar
1 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 56 2 112
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.5 Establishment of Laboratories (Contd.,)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Strengthening of Mobile Soil Testing Laboratory for Ensuring Soil Health @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit
Aruppukottai 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30
Soil Testing laboratory @ Rs 35 lakhs/unit / Rs 5 lakhs/unit
Karur 1 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 35
Namakkal 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 75 375
Strengthening of Central Control Laboratory and up gradation of training institute @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 300 10 300
Grand total 938 150 262 75 1607 3032
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.6 Infrastructure for Agricultural Research and Development
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment /
Strengthening of
Research stations /
Centre of Excellence
Dharmapuri, KVK 1 205 135 60 10 10 1 420
Erode , ARS
Bhavanisagar
1 479 191 51 36 31 1 787
Krishnagiri 1 250 1 250
Madurai SHF 1 10 10 10 5 0 1 35
Nagapattinam,
ADA Office
1 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 22
Thanjavur,
SWMRI
1 25 40 63 46 47 1 221
Theni, Rice
Research Station
1 150 150 1 300
Nilgiris, HRS 1 100 100 100 100 0 1 400
Tirur, KVK 1 280 40 12 34 20 1 386
Thoothukudi,
ARS, Kovilpatti
1 670 0 120 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 800
Vellore, ARS,
Virinjipuram
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 228 1 228
Establishment of Mango
Research Station @ Rs
1409 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1409 1 1409
Establishment of
Horticultural College &
Research Institute in the
high altitude of Hosur @
Rs 4250 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4250 1 4250
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.6 Infrastructure for Agricultural Research and Development (Contd.,)
(₹ in Lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Construction of 1st Floor
in SAMETI New Hostel,
Kudumiyanmalai @
Rs 100 lakhs/unit
Thanjavur 1 100 1 100
Strengthening of Four
Soil Survey and Land
Use Organization Units
@ Rs 11 lakhs/unit
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 11
Coimbatore 1 11 1 11
Thanjavur 1 11 1 11
Vellore 1 11 1 11
Grant total 2041 786 306 231 6289 9653
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.1.7 Strengthening of Extension activities
Agriculture extension is an informal educational process directed towards the farmers.
Extension also aims to increase the efficiency in farm production. The objective is to change
farmers' outlook towards the challenges they are facing. It is concerned not just with physical
and economic achievements but also with the development of the farmers themselves.
Agriculture extension workers, therefore, discuss issues with the farmers; help them to gain a
clearer insight into their problems and also to decide how to overcome these limitations.
Therefore the infrastructure for strengthening extension activities are essential and it is
proposed the establishment of Agriculture Knowledge Resource Centre in Mathur block;
establishment of Horticulture knowledge Resource Centre in Hosur block; and establishment of
National Bio-products Production Centre at RRS, Paiyur of Krishnagiri district; New Farmers
Training Centre building with class rooms, meeting hall and rest rooms in Karur district;
establishment of Market Centre for Korai at Karur and Kulithalai; construction of buildings for
Agri. Extension Centre at Salem; establishing community based RO structures and monitoring
at Tiruppur; development of Model village for mass bioremediation of polluted soils at Tiruppur;
establishment of Shade net at Vellore; creation of new Infrastructure (AEC, SPU, SSF, Office
Buildings) at Villupuram and Village Organic Produce Market Promotion Cell (Information Kiosk)
to purchase ICT tools at Karur district are some of the felt needs in the respective districts.
An overall budget of Rs. 5,039 lakhs (Table 3.7) is proposed for establishment of such facilities.
3.1.8 Infrastructure for post-harvest management
Increasing emphasis on higher value farm products to meet the changing diets of urban
consumers has focused renewed attention on post-harvest systems, while unacceptably high
losses due to poor handling and lack of appropriate infrastructure have reduced economic
benefits to small producers. Post-harvest activities are an integral part of the food production
system, and the aim is to promote best practices for post-harvest handling and management
along the entire food supply chain, focusing on a broad spectrum of operations and
stakeholders in traditional and modern marketing systems.
The ultimate goal of the system is to deliver high quality, safe food to consumers.
The infrastructure for post-harvest management required a budget allocation of Rs. 1,545 lakhs
(Table 3.8).
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.7 Infrastructure to Strengthen Extension Activities
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Agriculture knowledge Resource Centre in Mathur block @ Rs 460 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460 1 460
Establishment of National Bio products Production Centre at RRS, Paiyur @ Rs 175 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 175 1 175
New Farmers Training Centre building with class rooms, Meeting hall and Rest rooms
Karur 1 108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 108
Establishment of Market Centre for Korai @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit
Karur - 2 blocks - Karur and Kulithalai
1 25 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 50
Construction of Building for Agri. Extension Centre @ Rs 120 lakhs/unit
Salem 1 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 120
Establishing community based RO Structures and monitoring
Tiruppur 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 50 500
Development of Model village for mass bioremediation of polluted soils @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit
Tiruppur 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100
Establishment of Shad net @ Rs.25000/unit
Vellore 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 6 2 12 3
Creation of Infrastructure (AEC, SPU, SSF, Office Buildings)
Villupuram 1 900 1 850 1 650 1 570 550 4 3520
Village Organic Produce Market Promotion Cell (Information Kiosk) to purchase ICT tools @ Rs 1 lakh /unit
Karur 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 3
Grand total 1275 998 771 690 1307 5039
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.8 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Millet processing unit @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit
Karur 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 10 40
Krishnagiri 20 80 20 80 20 80 20 80 20 80 100 400
Salem 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 5 20
The Nilgiris 1 4 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 4
Sub total 24 96 24 96 23 92 23 92 24 96 118 472
Mini Dhall mill @ Rs 1.6 lakhs/unit
Virudhunagar 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
Oil extracting machine @ Rs 17 lakhs/ unit
Dindigul 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 17
Storage go downs (20 X 5 m) @ 20 lakhs/unit
Erode 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200
Thiruvannamalai 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100
Karur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20
Trichy 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20
Sub total 5 100 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 17 340
Drying yards (20mx20m) @ Rs. 5 Lakhs / unit
Erode 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 10 50
Thrashing floor (30 m x 30 m) @ Rs. 4 lakhs / unit
Dharmapuri 10 40 10 40 10 40 11 44 10 40 51 204
Erode 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 25 100
Ramanathapuram 3 12 3 12 3 12 3 12 3 12 15 60
Sivagangai 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 25 100
Thiruvannamalai 10 40 10 40 10 40 10 40 10 40 50 200
Sub total 33 132 33 132 33 132 34 136 33 132 166 664
Grand total 357 298 294 298 298 1545
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.1.9 Propagation of drip / micro irrigation
With increasing demand on water from various sectors, the availability of water in the
State is under severe stress. Agriculture sector is the largest use of water. While irrigation
projects (Major and medium) have contributed to the development of water resources,
conventional methods of irrigation are inefficient and lead to wastage of water. It has been
recognized that the use of modern irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler irrigation are the
ways for the efficient use of surface as well as ground water resources. A scientific method of
irrigation viz., drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, mobile sprinkler irrigation and rain gun carrying
desired water and nutrients direct to the root zone of the plant are proposed with an overall
budget of Rs. 11,878 lakhs (Table 3.9).
3.1.10 Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest
operations
Mechanization is the need of the hour to meet out the growing shortage of labor
workforce in Agriculture. It has been identified as one of the critical inputs for increasing
production. Cost of cultivation data shows that labor accounts for more than 40 percentage of
the variable cost in many of the crops. The labor intensive crops need high man power
requirement and its limited availability is posing a big challenge to crop productivity. Agricultural
labor wage is also increasing resulting in shifting from labor intensive to mechanization intensive
techniques.
Farm power requirement includes human labor, draft animal, tractor, power tiller, electric
motor and diesel engine power to cultivate crop. Mechanization encourages large scale
production and improves the quality of farm produce. It ensures reduction of drudgery
associated with variety of farm operation and also encourages the utilization of inputs and
thereby harnessing the potential of available resources. Provision of power operated
machineries and tools including power operated saw and plant protection equipments, power
machines with rotavator / equipment, power machines including accessories and equipments
would strengthen the mechanization strategies adopted in the State. The district wise budget
requirement of Rs. 41,933 lakhs for the various interventions is shown in Table 3.10.
The consolidated budget for strengthening infrastructure in agriculture sector including
research is presented in Table 3.11
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.9 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation (₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Drip irrigation @ Rs 44,000/ha
Coimbatore 15 7 15 7 15 7 15 7 15 7 75 33
Cuddalore 130 57 150 66 175 77 200 88 250 110 905 398
Dharmapuri 135 59 136 60 137 60 138 61 140 61 686 302
Dindigul 20 9 20 9 20 9 20 9 20 9 100 44
Erode 2300 1012 2300 1012 2300 1012 2300 1012 2300 1012 11500 5060
Kanyakumari 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 500 220
Karur 404 178 404 178 404 178 404 178 404 178 2020 889
Madurai 200 88 200 88 200 88 200 88 200 88 1000 440
Pudukkottai 1110 488 1110 488 1110 488 1110 488 1110 488 5550 2442
Thanjavur 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 500 220
Thiruvannamalai 450 198 450 198 450 198 450 198 450 198 2250 990
Tirunelveli 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 250 110
Tiruppur 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 250 110
Vellore 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 250 110
Villupuram 75 33 75 33 75 33 75 33 75 33 375 165
Virudhunagar 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 500 220
Sub total 5289 2327 5310 2336 5336 2348 5362 2359 5414 2382 26711 11753
Sprinkler irrigation @ Rs 30,000/ ha
Virudhunagar 40 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 12
Ramanathapuram
5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 8
Salem 0 10 3 0 0 0 10 3
Sub total 45 14 15 5 5 2 5 2 5 2 75 23
65
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.9 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation (Contd.,)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Mobile Sprinkler
irrigation @
Rs 20,000/ha
Virudhunagar 2 0 0 0 0 0 73 22 0 0 75 22
Ramanathapuram 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 2
Salem 11 2 16 3 27 5
Sub total 15 3 18 3 2 0.4 75 22 2 0.4 112 30
Rain gun @ Rs
12,500/ha
Namakkal 100 13 100 13 100 13 100 13 100 13 500 63
Ramanathapuram 20 3 20 3 20 3 2 0 2 0 64 8
Salem 12 2 7 1 0 0 0 19 2
Sub total 132 18 127 18 120 15 102 13 102 13 583 73
Grand total 2360 2360 2365 2396 2397 11878
66
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Power operated sprayers @ Rs 6000/unit
Coimbatore 25 2 25 2 25 2 25 2 25 2 125 8
Cuddalore 350 21 350 21 350 21 350 21 350 21 1750 105
Karur 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15
Madurai 30 2 15 1 15 1 20 1 50 3 130 8
Perambalur 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 2000 120
Salem 200 12 151 9 100 6 100 6 100 6 651 39
Thiruvallur 300 18 300 18 300 18 300 18 300 18 1500 90
Tiruvarur 550 33 550 33 550 33 550 33 550 33 2750 165
Thoothukudi 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 750 45
Vellore 104 6 102 6 102 6 100 6 105 6 513 31
Villupuram 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 1125 68
Virudhunagar 49 3 10 1 68 4 0 0 0 0 127 8
Sub total 2433 146 2328 140 2335 140 2270 136 2305 138 11671 700
Hand operated sprayers @ Rs 2000/unit
Kanyakumari 250 5 250 5 250 5 250 5 250 5 1250 25
Madurai 100 2 40 1 50 1 50 1 150 3 390 8
Salem 50 1 51 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 2
Thiruvallur 200 4 200 4 200 4 200 4 200 4 1000 20
Thiruvallur 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 250 5
Thoothukudi 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 500 10
Vellore 50 1 50 1 50 1 53 1 66 1 269 5
Virudhunagar 20 0 26 1 6 0 100 2 0 0 152 3
Sub total 820 16 767 15 706 14 803 16 816 16 3912 78
Tree climbers @ Rs 6000/unit
Coimbatore 250 15 0 0 0 0 250 15
Dindigul 250 15 250 15 250 15 250 15 250 15 1250 75
Karur 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 40 2
Namakkal 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 750 45
Thiruvannamalai 300 18 300 18 300 18 300 18 300 18 1500 90
Tiruppur 175 11 175 11 175 11 175 11 175 11 875 53
Villupuram 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 1125 68
Virudhunagar 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 750 45
Sub total 1508 90 1258 75 1258 75 1258 75 1258 75 6540 392
67
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Battery operated sprayers @ Rs. 25,000 /unit
Coimbatore 125 31 125 31 125 31 125 31 125 31 625 156
Erode 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
Thiruvallur 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
Thoothukudi 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
Vellore 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 1 5 1
Sub total 425 106 425 106 425 106 427 107 428 107 2130 533
Power tiller @ Rs 1.85 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 7 12 22
Cuddalore 75 139 75 139 100 185 75 139 100 185 425 786
Karur 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 30 56
Madurai 42 78 42 78 42 78 42 78 42 78 210 389
Nagapattinam 60 111 60 111 75 139 75 139 60 111 330 611
Perambalur 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 15 28
Ramanathapuram 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 20 37
Salem 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 25 46
Thanjavur 20 37 25 46 30 56 35 65 40 74 150 278
Thiruvallur 15 28 15 28 15 28 15 28 15 28 75 139
Tiruvarur 50 93 50 93 50 93 50 93 50 93 250 463
Tiruppur 13 24 13 24 13 24 13 24 13 24 65 120
Vellore 7 13 7 13 7 13 7 13 13 24 41 76
Villupuram 125 231 125 231 125 231 125 231 125 231 625 1156
Virudhunagar 4 7 0 0 0 0 30 56 0 0 34 63
Sub total 431 797 432 799 477 882 487 901 480 888 2307 4268
Transplanter @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 50 1000
Karur 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 15 300
Madurai 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 35 700
Nagapattinam 8 160 8 160 8 160 8 160 8 160 40 800
Perambalur 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100
68
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thanjavur 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500
Theni 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 50 1000
Tiruvarur 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500
Thoothukudi 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500
Villupuram 15 300 15 300 15 300 15 300 15 300 75 1500
Sub total 69 1380 69 1380 69 1380 69 1380 69 1380 345 6900
Power weeder @ Rs 58,000/unit
Cuddalore 100 58 100 58 100 58 100 58 100 58 500 290
Karur 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 140 81
Pudukkottai 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 125 73
Salem 40 23 40 23 40 23 40 23 40 23 200 116
Thanjavur 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 100 58
The Nilgiris 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 125 73
Thiruvallur 50 29 50 29 50 29 50 29 50 29 250 145
Thoothukudi 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 100 58
Trichy 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 140 81
Virudhunagar 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15
Sub total 361 209 336 195 336 195 336 195 336 195 1705 989
Cono weeder @ Rs 1500/unit
Dharmapuri 750 11 750 11 1000 15 750 11 750 11 4000 60
Krishnagiri 500 8 500 8 250 4 250 4 500 8 2000 30
Madurai 350 5 150 2 250 4 100 2 175 3 1025 15
Nagapattinam 75 1 75 1 75 1 75 1 75 1 375 6
Pudukkottai 1025 15 975 15 650 10 250 4 650 10 3550 53
Salem 440 7 440 7 400 6 400 6 400 6 2080 31
Vellore 320 5 320 5 320 5 320 5 320 5 1600 24
Sub total 3460 52 3210 48 2945 44 2145 32 2870 43 14630 219
Seed drill @ Rs 15000/unit
Cuddalore 40 6 45 7 50 8 55 8 60 9 250 38
Karur 18 3 18 7 18 7 17 7 18 7 89 31
Krishnagiri 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 25 4
Nagapattinam 50 8 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 250 158
69
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Pudukkottai 10 2 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 50 32
Ramanathapuram 15 2 15 11 15 11 15 11 15 11 75 45
Salem 115 17 121 84 100 75 100 75 100 75 536 326
Tiruvarur 50 8 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 250 158
Vellore 50 8 50 38 50 38 50 38 70 50 270 170
Virudhunagar 10 2 8 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 19 5
Sub total 363 54 372 232 349 222 352 222 378 235 1814 965
Seed cum fertilizer drill @ Rs 1.2 lakhs/unit
Salem 20 24 20 24 20 24 20 24 20 24 100 120
Vellore 0 0 5 1 5 1 45 11 32 8 87 22
Sub total 20 24 25 25 25 25 65 35 52 32 187 142
Combined harvester for millets @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200
Karur 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500
Nagapattinam 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 35 700
Pudukkottai 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500
Ramnad 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100
Theni 20 400 20 400 20 400 20 400 20 400 100 2000
Thoothukudi 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 20 400
Vellore 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200
Sub total 46 920 46 920 46 920 46 920 46 920 230 4600
Groundnut harvester @ Rs.4 lakh/unit
Cuddalore 18 72 20 80 25 100 30 120 50 200 143 572
Krishnagiri 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 4 3 12
Salem 2 8 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 16
Sub total 21 84 22 88 25 100 31 124 51 204 150 600
Groundnut stripper @ Rs.40,000/unit
Karur 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 40 16
Krishnagiri 5 2 0 0 0 0 5 2 5 2 15 6
Salem 5 2 5 2 0 0 5 0 0 0 15 4
Vellore 11 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 51 20
Sub total 29 12 23 9 18 7 28 10 23 9 121 47
70
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Castor Sheller @ Rs.100000 /unit
Salem 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 10
Chip cutter @ Rs.1000/unit
Erode 200 2 200 2 200 2 200 2 200 2 1000 10
Karur 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 100 1
Sub total 220 2 220 2 220 2 220 2 220 2 1100 11
Rotavator @ Rs 95,000/unit
Dharmapuri 75 71 75 71 125 119 50 48 75 71 400 380
Erode 42 40 42 40 42 40 42 40 42 40 210 200
Karur 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 250 238
Perambalur 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 250 238
Ramanathapuram 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 25 24
Salem 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 50 48
Thanjavur 20 19 20 19 20 19 20 19 20 19 100 95
Thiruvallur 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 500 475
Tiruvarur 200 190 200 190 200 190 200 190 200 190 1000 950
Thoothukudi 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 500 475
Tiruppur 30 29 30 29 30 29 30 29 30 29 150 143
Vellore 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 13 12
Villupuram 300 285 300 285 300 285 300 285 300 285 1500 1425
Virudhunagar 9 9 8 8 11 10 122 116 0 0 150 143
Sub total 993 943 992 942 1045 993 1083 1029 985 936 5098 4843
Rotoslasher @ Rs 1,50 lakh /unit
Perambalur 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 20 30
Power thrasher @ Rs 50,000/unit
Perambalur 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 60 30
Trichy 56 28 56 28 56 28 56 28 56 28 280 140
Vellore 0 8 4 8 4
Sub total 68 34 68 34 68 34 68 34 76 38 348 174
71
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Machine transplanter @ Rs. 15 lakhs/unit
Erode 3 45 3 45 3 45 3 45 3 45 15 225
Bund trimmer @ Rs 40,000/unit
Karur 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 10
Laser Leveller @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit
Karur 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 5 20
Madurai 10 40 10 40 10 40 10 40 10 40 50 200
Sub total 11 44 11 44 11 44 11 44 11 44 55 220
Automatic Nursery raising machine @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 25 50
Salem 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 250 500
Sub total 55 110 55 110 55 110 55 110 55 110 275 550
Baler @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit Karur 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 100 200
Mini tractor @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/unit
Karur 8 36 8 36 8 36 8 36 8 36 40 180
Tiruvarur 150 675 150 675 150 675 150 675 150 675 750 3375
Vellore 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 2 9 6 27
Villupuram 10 45 10 45 10 45 10 45 10 45 50 225
Sub total 169 761 169 761 169 761 169 761 170 765 846 3807
Promotion of custom hiring of farm machineries through SC/ST Farmer group
Coimbatore 1 20 1 20
Cuddalore 1 20 1 20
Dharmapuri 1 12 1 12
Dindigul 1 20 1 20
Erode 1 21 1 21
Karur 1 12 1 12
Krishnagiri 1 16 1 16
Namakkal 1 23 1 23
Perambalur 1 6 1 6
Pudukkottai 1 20 1 20
Salem 1 32 1 32
Sivagangai 1 18 1 18
Theni 1 12 1 12
Thiruvallur 1 21 1 21
72
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thiruvannamalai 1 27 1 27
Tiruvarur 1 15 1 15
Thoothukudi 1 18 1 18
Tirunelveli 1 29 1 29
Tiruppur 1 20 1 20
Trichy 1 21 1 21
Vellore 2 30 2 30
Villupuram 2 32 2 32
Virudhunagar 1 17 1 17
Sub total 25 462 0 0 0 0 0 462
Solar pump sets @ Rs. 5 lakhs / unit, 5 hp motor
Erode 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 50 250
Karur 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 80 400
Salem 200 1000 200 1000 200 1000 200 1000 200 1000 1000 5000
Tiruvarur 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 500 2500
Virudhunagar 2 10 50 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 260
Sub total 328 1640 376 1880 326 1630 326 1630 326 1630 1682 8410
Protrays @ Rs 50/no @ 150 nos/ha
Kancheepuram 15000 8 15000 8 15000 8 15000 8 15000 8 75000 38
Kanyakumari 30 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 150 11
Karur 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 250 63
Salem 50000 25 50000 25 50000 25 50000 25 50000 25 250000 125
Sub total 65080 47 65080 47 65080 47 65080 47 65080 47 325400 236
Solar copra driers /driers @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 40 248 40 240 40 240 40 240 40 240 200 1208
Dindigul 20 122 20 120 20 120 20 120 20 120 100 602
Erode 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6
Thanjavur 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6
Thiruvannamalai 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 10 60
Tiruppur 2 12 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 6 36
Villupuram 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 10 60
Virudhunagar 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 5 30
Sub total 69 423 66 396 66 396 66 396 66 396 333 2007
73
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Coconut shredder @
Rs 0.75
lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 25 19
Dindigul 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 8
Thoothukudi 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 250 188
Sub total 57 44 57 44 57 44 57 44 57 44 285 220
Seed winnower Tiruvarur 5 4 5 0 5 4 5 4 5 4 25 16
Cotton plucker @ Rs 6000/unit
Cuddalore 27 2 30 2 40 2 50 3 55 3 202 12
Namakkal 200 12 200 12 200 12 200 12 200 12 1000 60
Salem 25 2 0 0 0 0 25 2
Virudhunagar 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0
Sub total 262 20 235 14 245 18 255 19 260 19 1257 90
Grand total 8516 8402 8284 8363 8369 41933
74
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.11 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirements in Agriculture Sector
(₹ in lakhs)
S. No. Components Year
Total I II III IV V
1 Infrastructure Facilities for
Production of Planting
Materials
45 20 20 25 15 125
2 Infrastructure Facilities for
Seed Processing
2651 100 100 100 100 3051
3 Infrastructure Facilities for
Seed Quality Maintenance
60 0 60 60 120 300
4 Infrastructure for Production of
Organic Manure
1226 371 354 145 149 2243
5 Establishment of Laboratories 938 150 262 75 1607 3032
6 Infrastructure for Agricultural
Research and Development
2041 786 306 231 6289 9653
7 Infrastructure to Strengthen
Extension Activities
1275 997 771 690 1307 5039
8 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest
Management
357 298 294 298 298 1544
9 Propagation of Drip / Micro
Irrigation
2360 2360 2365 2396 2397 11878
10 Promotion of Agricultural
Implements and Machinery for
Farm and Post-Harvest
Operations
8516 8402 8284 8363 8369 41933
Grand total 19468 13483 12815 12382 20650 78798
75
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.2 Infrastructure Requirement in Horticulture Sector
3.2.1 Production of planting materials
Tamil Nadu is endowed with wide range of agro-climatic conditions and has good
potential for growing a wide range of horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, potato,
tropical tuber crops and mushrooms, ornamental crops; medicinal and aromatic plants, spices
and plantation crops like coconut, cashew nut, cocoa, etc. The Government identified
horticulture crops as a means of diversification for making horticulture more profitable through
efficient land use, optimum utilization of natural resources and creating skilled employment for
rural masses, especially women folk is rewarding. Changes in food habits increase in per capita
income and quality life style has accelerated the demand for diversified horticultural
commodities. The single dominant factor which would contribute to rise in production of
horticulture crop is availability of quality planting material of improved cultivars. Plant
propagation techniques and practices to be followed is the core of horticulture nurseries. The
planting materials for horticultural plantations are raised from seeds and vegetative parts. Thus
establishment of nursery is proposed for production of planting materials with an outlay budget
of Rs. 601 lakhs in the State. The district wise physical and financial requirement for quality
planting material is presented in Table 3.12.
3.2.2 Promotion of protection cultivation in horticultural crops
Looking to the increasing population, climate change, decreasing land holdings,
increasing pressure on natural resources i.e. land and water and high demand of quality
horticultural fresh produce, there exist pressure to shift towards modern technologies of crop
production like protected cultivation. Promotion of protected cultivation will certainly help in
creation of huge self-employments for youths and will also raise the national economy by sale of
high quality produce in domestic and international markets. Under the new era of WTO (World
Trade Organization), these kinds of models posses high potential for enhancing the income of
farmers opting for quality and off-season vegetable and cut flower cultivation under protected
conditions. Production of vegetable and cut flower crops under protected conditions not only
provides high water and nutrient use efficiency but also increases the productivity of crops by
3-5 folds over any open field cultivation practiced under varied agro climatic conditions. This
technology / practice has very good potential especially in urban areas adjoining to the major
cities as there is a fast growing market for fresh produce of the country. Shade net houses,
green houses and naturally ventilated system are proposed interventions for promotion of
protection cultivation with budget outlay of Rs. 14,720 lakhs (Table 3.13).
76
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.12 Production of Planting Materials (₹ in lakhs)
Components Unit cost Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Nursery / Upgrading infrastructure
Rs 5 lakhs/ unit
Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 35 7 35
Dharmapuri 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Dindigul, Sandhiyur 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Dindigul, Sirumalai 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5
Dindigul, Reddiarchatram
1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 2 10
Dindigul - upgrading 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5
Krishnagiri 0 0 2 10 0 0 2 10
Namakkal 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 0 0 2 10
Perambalur 0 0 0 0 12 60 12 60
Pudukkottai 4 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 20
Salem 0 0 5 25 7 35 0 0 0 0 12 60
Sivagangai 4 20 6 30 3 16 4 20 0 0 17 86
Thanjavur 0 0 1 5 5 25 0 0 0 0 6 30
The Nilgiris 1 5 0 0 10 50 0 0 3 15 14 70
Theni 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5
Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50
Trichy 1 5 0 1 5 0 0 2 10
Vellore 0 2 10 0 0 0 2 10
Villupuram 12 60 2 10 3 15 0 0 5 25 22 110
Grand total 23 115 18 90 36 181 6 30 37 185 120 601
77
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops (₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Shade net house @ Rs 0.00355 lakh/sq.m
Ariyalur 0 0 4000 14 470 2 4000 14 9000 32 17470 62
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 5 2030 7 3530 12
Cuddalore 0 3000 11 0 2000 7 0 5000 18
Dharmapuri 3000 11 5000 18 1000 4 51000 181 5030 18 65030 232
Dindigul 2500 9 0 0 4000 14 22000 78 20000 71 48500 172
Erode 60 0 2400 9 500 2 10000 36 20000 71 32960 118
Kancheepuram 0 0 3400 12 3000 11 3000 11 7000 25 16400 59
Karur 0 42000 149 15000 53 20500 73 0 77500 275
Madurai 0 1600 6 0 5000 18 5000 18 11600 42
Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 7 0 0 2000 7
Namakkal 0 0 5000 18 2500 9 0 0 10000 36 17500 63
Perambalur 0 1500 5 0 5000 18 10000 36 16500 59
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 15000 53 20000 71 35000 124
Salem 0 0 2000 7 500 2 12000 43 20030 71 34530 123
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 9000 32 14000 50 30000 107 53000 189
Thanjavur 0 0 2000 7 0 2000 7 3000 11 7000 25
The Nilgiris 20000 71 5000 18 5000 18 11000 39 10000 36 51000 182
Theni 0 0 1256 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1256 4
Thiruvallur 0 0 2000 7 0 8500 30 10500 37
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 3000 11 6000 21 84500 300 20000 71 113500 403
Tirunelveli 0 0 4500 16 20 0 10000 36 15000 53 29520 105
Tiruppur 0 0 3000 11 0 8001 28 5124 18 16125 57
Trichy 104 0 115 0 104 0 1525 5 30004 107 31852 112
78
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops (Contd.,) (₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 1500 5 0 0 0 0 1500 5
Vellore 0 0 11524 41 5138 18 20111 71 20000 71 56773 201
Villupuram 20 0 0 0 0 0 350 1 480 2 850 3
Virudhunagar 2 0 5000 18 1000 4 0 0 0 6002 22
Sub total 25686 91 105295 375 56732 202 304488 1081 270198 962 762399 2711
Green house @ Rs 0.00468 lakhs/sq.m
Coimbatore 8000 37 14000 66 13000 61 17000 80 20000 94 72000 338
Dharmapuri 20000 94 20000 94 30000 140 30000 140 30000 140 130000 608
Dindigul 0 0 20000 94 12000 56 51750 242 26000 122 109750 514
Erode 0 0 2000 9 3000 14 2000 9 7000 32
Kancheepuram 0 0 2000 9 2000 9 3000 14 5000 23 12000 55
Karur 181100 848 272500 1275 308750 1445 509900 2386 350000 1638 1622250 7592
Madurai 1000 5 4000 19 1500 7 7500 35 5000 23 19000 89
Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 11000 51 0 0 11000 51
Namakkal 0 0 6000 28 12900 60 0 18900 88
Pudukkottai 20000 94 4000 19 5000 23 10000 47 7000 33 46000 216
Salem 0 0 4000 19 2000 9 9500 44 5000 23 20500 95
Sivagangai 1000 5 0 0 0 0 9000 42 10000 47 20000 94
Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 0 0 4000 19 3000 14 7000 33
The Nilgiris 18000 84 3000 14 39000 183 69750 326 20000 94 149750 701
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 8000 37 15000 70 23000 107
Thiruvallur 0 0 0 5000 23 0 2000 9 7000 32
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 4000 19 12000 56 12000 56 50000 234 78000 365
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 6000 28 15000 70 21000 98
Trichy 0 0 0 10 0 4000 19 4010 19
Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 7000 33 0 0 0 0 7000 32
79
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Vellore 0 0 13000 61 8000 37 11000 51 10000 47 42000 196
Villupuram 2000 9 4500 21 3000 14 8000 37 12000 56 29500 137
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 6500 30 0 6500 30
Sub total 251100 1176 365000 1710 456250 2133 799810 3739 591000 2765 2463160 11523
Naturally ventilated system @ Rs 9.3 lakh/unit
Coimbatore 0 0 2 19 2 19 2 19 0 0 6 57
Dindigul 10 93 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 93
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 47 5 47 10 94
Tiruppur 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 20 185
Trichy 0 2 19 2 19 2 19 0 6 57
Sub total 14 130 8 75 8 75 13 122 9 84 52 486
Grand total 1397 2160 2410 4942 3811 14720
80
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.2.3 Improvement in post-harvest handling and promotion of storage structures
Appropriate postharvest handling and storage structure can reduce wastages in fruit and
vegetable crops and thus improve the income by at least 30 per cent to small holder farmers
and marketers; improved container reduces the mechanical damage of horticultural crops
(plastic crates, liners in rough containers, smaller packages);shade reduces water loss (cloth,
woven net or thatch shade structures, market umbrellas); field packing improves quality (sorting,
trimming, quality grading and packing in the field); low cost cooling practices maintain quality
and extend postharvest life; field curing extends storage life and maintains quality of root, tuber
and bulb crops; low cost cold storage structures for successful longer term storage of potatoes
and onions; solar drying transforms perishables into more stable processed food products;
village scale canning, bottling and pickling to transform perishables into more stable products,
etc. Low cost onion storage structure, cold storage, pack house, integrated pack house, pre
cooling unit, drying shed and storage godowns are to be provided with budget outlay of
Rs. 3,574 lakhs to improve the post-harvest handling and promotion of the storage structures.
The physical and financial requirement across the State is shown in Table 3.14.
3.2.4 Strengthening facilities for marketing of horticultural produces
The agricultural sector needs well functioning markets to drive growth, employment and
economic prosperity in rural areas. Due to globalization, liberalization and privatization of the
economy, marketing has become the key driver. Though farmers have succeeded in the
production front, they are yet to be satisfied in terms of price realization for their produce owing
to their inaccessibility to efficient and scientific marketing system. The middlemen, commission
agents and traders are depriving them of their due share of profit. An efficient and organized
marketing system would ensure the maximum price realization to the farmers, which will induce
them to produce more and market their produce in an increasing proportion. Presently,
marketing system (including collection, handling, storage, transport, processing, wholesaling,
retailing, exports and associated infrastructure and support services) is fragmented and is
uncoordinated, with inadequate infrastructure and supply chains involving high wastage and
losses. As a result, the producer gets about only 30-40 per cent of final price, as compared to
around 60 per cent in advanced countries.
Even an additional margin of three per cent in final price translates into 10 per cent
increase in net income of the farmers and that itself is a powerful incentive to invest in
horticulture. But, this requires cutting down of the long chain of intermediaries, which can
81
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
happen only with improved market access by farmers, interconnected markets, efficient supply
chain and a robust marketing information system. Most of the farmers in the State are small and
marginal farmers, often lacking the ability to produce enough marketable surplus for larger and
remunerative markets. Hence, vegetable retail outlet and collection centre is proposed for
strengthening of market facilities with a budget outlay of Rs. 680 lakhs. The physical and
financial requirement for establishment/strengthening facilities for marketing of horticultural
produces is depicted in Table 3.15.
3.2.5 Production of organic manure
Manures are plant and animal wastes that are used as sources of plant nutrients.
They release nutrients after their decomposition. Manures are the organic materials derived
from animal, human and plant residues which contain plant nutrients in complex organic forms.
Major sources of manures are cattle shed wastes-dung, urine and slurry from biogas plants,
human habitation wastes-night soil, human urine, town refuse, sewage, sludge, poultry litter,
droppings of sheep and goat, slaughterhouse wastes-bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, horn
and hoof meal, fish wastes, byproducts of agro industries-oil cakes, bagasse and press mud,
fruit and vegetable processing wastes etc, crop wastes-sugarcane trash, stubbles and other
related material, water hyacinth, weeds and tank silt, and green manure crops and green leaf
manuring material. Manure and compost not only supply many nutrients for crop production,
including micronutrients, but they are also valuable sources of organic matter. Increasing soil
organic matter improves soil structure or tilth, increases the water-holding capacity of coarse-
textured sandy soils, improves drainage in fine-textured clay soils, provides a source of slow
release nutrients, reduces wind and water erosion and promotes growth of earthworms and
other beneficial soil organisms. Most vegetable crops return small amounts of crop residue to
the soil, so manure, compost, and other organic amendments help maintain soil organic matter
levels. Vermicomposting is proposed with budget outlay of Rs. 1,859 lakhs. The physical and
financial requirement of promotion of protected cultivation is depicted in Table 3.16.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage Structures
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Low cost onion storage structure @ Rs 0.875 lakh/unit
Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 10 9 15 13
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 3 3 18 16 14 12 35 31
Cuddalore 0 0 0 5 4 5 4 10 8
Dindigul 0 0 0 0 11 10 10 9 17 15 38 34
Erode 0 10 9 0 5 4 20 18 35 31
Madurai 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 5 5
Perambalur 0 0 0 13 11 55 48 216 189 284 248
Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 27 24 32 28
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 9 15 13 25 22
Tiruppur 0 0 10 9 13 11 20 18 20 18 63 56
Trichy 0 0 13 11 10 9 61 53 84 73
Sub total 1 1 20 18 53 46 143 125 412 362 629 552
Cold storage Type 2 5000 MT (Rs 8000 /MT) @ Rs 40 lakhs/unit
Dharmapuri 0 0 2 80 0 0 0 0 1 40 3 120
Krishnagiri 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 5 200
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 1 40 2 80 0 0 3 120
Tiruppur 2 80 1 40 1 40 1 40 0 5 200
Dindigul 1 40 0 0 0 0 1 40 1 40 3 120
Salem 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 5 200
Sub total 5 200 5 200 4 160 6 240 4 160 24 960
Pack house (9 x 6 m) @ Rs 4.0 lakhs unit
Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 6 24 2 8 6 24 14 56
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 5 20 3 12 6 24 14 56
Cuddalore 5 20 0 0 0 0 5 20
Dharmapuri 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 25 100
83
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage Structures (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Dindigul 0 0 1 4 10 40 7 28 12 48 30 120
Erode 0 0 0 5 20 15 60 20 80
Kanyakumari 3 12 7 28 2 8 3 12 3 12 18 72
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 20 80 20 80
Madurai 0 0 1 4 3 12 5 20 9 36
Perambalur 5 20 0 0 1 4 2 8 8 32
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 4
Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 2 8 4 16
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 24 6 24
The Nilgiris 2 8 0 0 0 0 2 8
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 5 20
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 12 48 17 68
Tiruppur 0 0 2 8 6 24 1 4 5 20 14 56
Trichy 2 8 3 12 4 16 3 12 2 8 14 56
Vellore 0 0 5 20 0 0 5 20
Villupuram 24 96 13 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 148
Sub total 46 184 31 124 44 176 40 160 107 428 268 1072
Integrated pack house @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 0 0 1 10 1 10
Erode 0 1 10 1 10
Madurai 0 1 10 1 10
Tirunelveli 0 0 1 10 1 10
Tiruppur 3 30 1 10 4 40
Trichy 0 1 10 1 10
Sub total 3 30 6 60 9 90
84
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage Structures (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Pre-cooling unit @
Rs 25 lakhs/unit
The Nilgiris 0 0 1 25 1 25
Tiruppur 2 50 2 50
Sub total 2 50 1 25 3 75
Drying sheds @ Rs 5
lakh/unit
Pudukkottai 40 200 40 200
Storage godowns @
@ Rs 25 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 25 625
Grand total 710 467 587 675 1135 3574
85
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.15 Strengthening Facilities for Marketing of Horticultural Produces
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Vegetable retail outlet @ Rs 4.0 lakhs/ unit
Ariyalur 0 0 5 20 0 0 0 0 5 20
Dindigul 10 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 40
Erode 0 15 60 0 0 15 60
Madurai 0 0 1 4 0 1 4
Perambalur 0 0 10 40 0 10 40
Sivagangai 5 20 0 0 0 0 11 44 16 64
Tiruppur 5 20 0 0 0 5 20
Trichy 0 15 60 1 4 15 60 31 124
Virudhunagar 2 8 0 0 0 2 8
Sub total 22 88 35 140 12 48 26 104 95 380
Collection centers @ Rs 4.0 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 2 8
Coimbatore 0 0 1 4 1 4 0 0 2 8
Dindigul 4 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 16
Madurai 0 0 1 4 0 1 4
Perambalur 0 0 2 8 0 2 8
Sivagangai 6 24 0 0 0 0 4 16 10 40
Tiruppur 2 8 0 0 0 2 8
Trichy 0 50 200 0 2 8 52 208
Sub total 12 48 53 212 4 16 6 24 75 300
Grand total 136 352 64 128 680
86
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.16 Production of Organic Manure
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Vermi compost /Vermi beds @ Rs 50,000/unit
Ariyalur 10 5 10 5 27 14 0 0 36 18 83 42
Coimbatore 11 6 17 9 12 6 19 10 25 13 84 44
Cuddalore 2 1 18 9 0 0 30 15 50 25
Dharmapuri 50 25 45 23 55 28 8 4 35 18 193 98
Dindigul 106 53 10 5 10 5 0 0 2 1 128 64
Erode 0 0 20 10 15 8 0 30 15 65 33
Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 4 2 29 15 2 1 35 18
Kanyakumari 4 2 20 10 40 20 0 0 50 25 114 57
Karur 0 0 8 4 0 0 0 0 20 10 28 14
Krishnagiri 75 38 20 10 125 63 0 30 15 250 126
Madurai 10 5 20 10 14 7 0 10 5 54 27
Nagapattinam 33 17 0 0 27 14 17 9 56 28 133 68
Namakkal 0 0 19 10 110 55 0 0 0 0 129 65
Perambalur 1 1 16 8 24 12 0 67 34 108 55
Pudukkottai 0 0 50 25 100 50 0 0 0 0 150 75
87
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.16 Production of Organic Manure (Contd.,) (₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Ramanathapuram 5 3 12 6 20 10 0 0 22 11 59 30
Salem 45 23 59 30 15 8 0 0 25 13 144 74
Sivagangai 6 3 20 10 55 28 0 0 73 37 154 78
Thanjavur 89 45 35 18 37 19 0 0 66 33 227 115
The Nilgiris 25 13 28 14 0 0 0 0 25 13 78 40
Theni 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 2 0 0 15 7
Tiruvarur 0 0 0 0 105 53 105 53
Thiruvallur 0 0 37 19 0 0 90 45 127 64
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 22 11 0 0 0 0 98 49 120 60
Tirunelveli 11 6 3 2 25 13 0 0 45 23 84 44
Tiruppur 3 2 57 29 13 7 19 10 60 30 152 78
Trichy 11 6 8 4 30 15 0 15 8 64 33
Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 19 10 19 10
Vellore 51 26 102 51 129 65 0 0 92 46 374 188
Villupuram 85 43 60 30 63 32 47 24 89 45 344 174
Grand total 633 323 679 343 997 505 144 74 1217 614 3670 1859
88
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.2.6 Strengthening extension activities
Extension activities address the critical horticulture crops growers' needs amidst the
following trends; growing interest in locally produced fresh, healthy and safe foods, greater
sensitivity to environmental impacts of agriculture, more direct marketing of produce, season
extension through protected horticultural structures and a surge in use of electronic and
social media. It gives the opportunities for producers to grow fruits, vegetables, herbs and
ornamentals to enhance their profitability and extend growth seasons capacity. This has
given rise to particular interest to the ever increasing farm horticulture technologies,
including high tunnel production, interest in transitioning to organic farming increased
resurgence of backyard vegetable gardens, dooryard fruit trees, community gardens and
green urbanism (orchards, atriums, window boxes, green walls and green roofs). The major
interventions for strengthening extension activities are new Horticulture Information &
Training Center in 14 districts, Maintenance of Semmozhi Poonga in Kancheepuram,
Establishment of Palai park in Ramanathapuram, Establishment of new gardens (Govt.
Botanical Garden) in Yercaud, Salem, Gene Bank development in Kanyakumari,
Construction of Deputy Director of Horticulture Office in Sivagangai, Strengthening of
nursery, Establishment of commercial orchards (Guava, Papaya and Community orchards),
Establishment of cashew plantations in Cuddalore, Renovation of Deputy Director of
Horticulture Office in Thanjavur, Sim's park, Government Botanical Garden, Government
Rose Garden and Tea Park in The Nilgiris, Establishment of flower gardens in Theni,
Development / maintenance of ECO park in Tirunelveli and Establishment of Permanent
structure for organic farming in Pudukkottai with an outlay of Rs. 6,206 lakhs (Table 3.17).
3.2.7 Infrastructure for horticultural research and development
Strengthening of research stations in Cuddalore, Centre of Excellence for vegetables
in Reddiarchatram, Dindigul, Centre of Excellence for Turmeric in Erode, Centre of
Excellence for cut flowers in Krishnagiri, Centre of Excellence for Jasmine in Madurai,
Pomological station in The Nilgiris, Centre of Excellence for fruit crops in Trichy are the
major components and infrastructure proposed interventions for horticulture research
development with the total budget outlay of Rs. 4,262 lakhs. The physical and financial
requirement for horticulture research and development is depicted in Table 3.18.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of new Horticulture Information & Training Center
Ariyalur 1 60 1 60
Cuddalore 16 30 10 0 56
Erode 30 30 161 161 191 191
Kancheepuram 1 55 1 55
Krishnagiri 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60
Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 450 5 450
Namakkal 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75
Pudukkottai 1 60 0 0 1 45 0 0 0 0 2 105
The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 4
Thiruvallur 1 60 1 60
Tirunelveli 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60
Trichy 1 50 1 50
Villupuram 1 25 1 25
Virudhunagar 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60
Sub total 7 440 31 171 162 206 2 34 5 460 207 1311
Maintenance of Semmozhi Poonga Chennai
Kancheepuram 1 306 1 371 1 361 1 546 1 437 5 2021
Establishment of Palai park
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 1 23 2 39
Establishment of new gardens (Govt. Botanical Garden -Yercaud)
Salem 1 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 700
90
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of new gardens (Genetic Heritage Garden -Yercaud)
Salem 1 599 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 599
Gene Bank development- Karumandurai
Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50
Construction of Deputy Director of Horticulture Office
Sivagangai 1 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 65
Renovation of Deputy Director of Horticulture Office
Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 43 76 43
Sim's park The Nilgiris 33 38 44 65 0 180
Government Botanical Garden
The Nilgiris 85 101 132 223 0 541
Government Rose Garden The Nilgiris 35 52 79 112 0 278
Tea Park, Doddabetta The Nilgiris 11 9 15 18 0 53
Establishment of flower gardens
Theni 55 8 77 9 55 10 0 0 20 2 207 29
Development / maintenance of ECO park
Tirunelveli 0 6 0 14 0 17 0 15 0 0 0 52
Strengthening of nursery Cuddalore - Jack 1 5 0 10 0 5 0 5 0 5 1 30
Cuddalore - Cashew 1 10 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 1 30
91
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of commercial
orchards (Guava, Papaya and
Community orchards)
Cuddalore 30 31 34 36 42 0 173
Establishment of cashew
plantations
Cuddalore 37 1 15 2 20 2 25 3 3 4 100 12
Establishment of Permanent
structure for organic farming
Pudukkottai 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Grand total 2335 812 910 1128 1020 6206
92
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.18 Infrastructure for Horticultural Research and Development
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts Year
I II III IV V Total
Establishment of Research stations /Centre of Excellence
Strengthening of research
stations
Cuddalore
VRS, Palur
125 5 5 0 0 135
Centre of Excellence for
vegetables in Reddiarchatram
Dindigul 1018 0 0 0 0 1018
Centre of Excellence for
Turmeric
Erode 500 500
Centre of Excellence for cut
flowers
Krishnagiri 13 0 1598 0 0 1611
Centre of Excellence for
Jasmine
Madurai 0 0 0 0 500 500
Pomological Station The Nilgiris 10 15 12 11 48
Centre of Excellence for fruit
crops
Trichy 0 450 450
Grand total 1166 20 1615 461 1000 4262
93
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.2.8 Propagation of drip / micro irrigation
It is a form of irrigation that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly
to the roots of many different plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root
zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through narrow
tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant. Micro irrigation system is the best
for watering plants in a greenhouse. Micro sprinklers or drip irrigation equipments can be
used. Basically, the watering system should ensure that water does not fall on the leaves or
flowers as it leads to disease and scorching problems. In micro sprinkler system, water
under high pressure is forced through nozzles arranged on a supporting stand at about one
foot height. This facilitates watering at the base level of the plants. Drip and sprinkler
irrigation are proposed interventions with total budget outlay of Rs. 44,175 lakhs. The
physical and financial budget requirement of micro irrigation is presented in Table 3.19.
3.2.9 Infrastructure for water harvesting and storage
The aim of water harvesting is to collect runoff or groundwater from areas of surplus
or where it is not used, store it and make it available, where and when there is water
shortage. This results in an increase in water availability by either impeding and trapping
surface runoff and maximizing water runoff storage or trapping and harvesting sub-surface
water. Water harvesting makes more water available for domestic, livestock and agricultural
use by buffering and bridging drought spells and dry seasons through storage. Water
conveyance system, percolation and minor irrigation tanks, farm ponds and community
tanks are proposed interventions with total budget outlay of Rs. 532 lakhs. The physical and
financial budget requirement for water harvesting and storage is presented in Table 3.20.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.19 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Drip irrigation @ Rs 44,000/ha
Ariyalur 297 131 310 136 245 108 128 56 772 340 1752 771
Coimbatore 1266 557 1057 465 288 127 1549 682 1745 768 5905 2599
Cuddalore 947 417 1348 593 716 315 870 383 870 383 4751 2091
Dharmapuri 1300 572 3581 1576 1698 747 3125 1375 2500 1100 12204 5370
Dindigul 1970 867 1997 879 449 198 1526 671 1806 795 7748 3410
Kanyakumari 95 42 80 35 140 62 6 3 70 31 391 173
Madurai 254 112 167 73 310 136 450 198 1346 592 2527 1111
Nagapattinam 1121 493 1632 718 113 50 285 125 250 110 3401 1496
Perambalur 335 147 632 278 382 168 1408 620 1432 630 4189 1843
Ramanathapuram 33 15 1 0 19 8 225 99 140 62 418 184
Salem 1960 862 1383 609 1345 592 3255 1432 7112 3129 15055 6624
Sivagangai 701 308 322 142 775 341 285 125 305 134 2388 1050
Thanjavur 194 85 140 62 166 73 2489 1095 737 324 3726 1639
The Nilgiris 1408 620 258 114 168 74 211 93 1042 458 3087 1359
Theni 2443 1075 1415 623 646 284 1243 547 1426 627 7173 3156
Tiruvarur 0 0 302 133 89 39 400 176 405 178 1196 526
Thiruvallur 359 158 172 76 218 96 693 305 281 124 1723 759
Thiruvannamalai 996 438 709 312 647 285 1649 726 1583 697 5584 2458
Tirunelveli 538 237 810 356 190 84 697 307 1084 477 3319 1461
Tiruppur 300 132 701 308 150 66 402 177 623 274 2176 957
95
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.19 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation (Cond.,)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thoothukudi 396 174 18 8 213 94 12 5 308 136 947 417
Vellore 795 350 374 165 290 128 83 37 100 44 1642 724
Villupuram 1650 726 1391 612 459 202 937 412 1359 598 5796 2550
Virudhunagar 378 166 754 332 1325 583 821 361 0 3278 1442
Sub total 19736 8684 19554 8605 11041 4860 22749 10010 27296 12011 100376 44170
Sprinkler irrigation
@ Rs.2500/ha
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 48 1.2 32 0.80 80 2.00
Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 109 2.72 109 2.72
Sub total 0 0 0 48 1.2 141 3.52 189 4.72
Grand total 8684 8605 4860 10011 12015 44175
96
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.20 Infrastructure for Water Harvesting and Storage
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Piped water conveyance system @ Rs 10,000/unit
Coimbatore 0 110 11 0 0 110 11
Dharmapuri 168 17 0 0 0 168 17
Dindigul 0 0 140 14 0 140 14
Karur 0 120 12 0 0 120 12
Namakkal 209 21 0 0 0 209 21
Perambalur 0 59 6 0 0 59 6
Ramanathapuram 0 0 123 12 0 0 0 0 123 12
Salem 0 0 120 12 0 0 0 0 120 12
Thiruvallur 0 288 29 0 0 288 29
Tiruppur 0 70 7 0 0 70 7
Vellore 0 127 13 0 0 127 13
Villupuram 160 16 249 25 300 30 300 30 1009 101
Sub total 537 54 1265 127 440 44 300 30
2543 255
Percolation and minor irrigation tanks @ Rs 5000/unit
Coimbatore 110 6 0 0 110 6
Perambalur 5 0 50 3 0 55 3
Ramanathapuram 0 0 105 5 0 0 105 5
Salem 0 0 20 1 0 0 20 1
Thiruvallur 0 291 15 0 291 15
Tiruppur 0 65 3 0 65 3
Vellore 0 0 63 3 30 2 93 5
Sub total 115 6 594 30 30 2 739 38
Farm ponds @ Rs 20,000/unit
Dindigul 130 26 0 0 0 0 130 26
Erode 0 10 2 0 0 0 10 2
97
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.20 Infrastructure for Water Harvesting and Storage (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Karur 15 3 0 0 0 0 15 3
Namakkal 0 0 0 10 2 0 10 2
Ramanathapuram 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1
Trichy 5 1 0 0 0 0 5 1
Villupuram 0 0 0 0 720 144 720 144
Sub total 150 30 15 3 0 10 2 720 144 895 179
Community Tanks @
Rs 20 lakhs/unit
Tiruppur 1 20 1 20
Madurai 2 40 2 40
Sub total 3 60 0 0 0 3 60
Grand total
150
160
44
32
146
532
98
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.2.10 Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and
post-harvest operations
Post-harvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest,
including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The most important goals of post-harvest
handling are keeping the product cool, to avoid moisture loss and slow down undesirable
chemical changes, and avoiding physical damage such as bruising and to delay spoilage.
Sanitation is also an important factor, to reduce the possibility of pathogens that could be
carried by fresh produce, for example, as residue from contaminated washing water. After
the field, post-harvest processing is usually continued in a packing house. In mechanized
harvesting, processing may also begin as part of the actual harvest process, with initial
cleaning and sorting performed by the harvesting machinery. Initial post-harvest storage
conditions are critical to maintain quality. The basic principles of post-harvest handling for
most crops are handled with care to avoid damage (cutting, crushing and bruising), cool
immediately and maintain in cool conditions, and cull (remove damaged items). The
proposed components are plant protection equipment‟s, vans, honey extractor, collection
vehicle, mango harvester, tapioca sett cutter, processing equipment‟s, power tiller, tractor,
power operated machines and tools for post-harvest operations in horticulture with total
budget outlay of Rs. 11,505 lakhs. The physical and financial budget requirement for
distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest operations is
presented in Table 3.21.
3.2.11 Infrastructure for post-harvest management
Infrastructural facilities are a prerequisite to carry out the multifarious activities in the
post-harvest management of horticulture crops. Fruit preservation unit in the Nilgiris, minimal
processing unit in Tiruppur and mushroom unit in Sivagangai district are proposed
interventions for infrastructure for post-harvest management with total budget outlay of
Rs. 238 lakhs. The physical and financial budget requirement for Infrastructure for post-
harvest management is presented in Table 3.22.
The total budget requirement for horticulture is Rs. 883.52 crores. The components
wise financial requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.23.
.
99
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Plant protection equipment Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 340 6 0 0 175 4 515 10
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 166 33 0 0 240 48 406 81
Cuddalore 200 3 50 10 250 13
Dharmapuri 95 8 95 8 85 7 85 7 95 8 455 38
Dindigul 10 1 0 0 210 4 0 0 0 0 220 5
Erode 698 22 150 5 848 27
Karur 190 4 208 5 50 2 0 0 900 19 1348 30
Krishnagiri 400 200 60 2 460 202
Madurai 0 0 0 520 13 0 150 4 670 17
Nagapattinam 388 15 405 94 27 2 370 4 0 5 1190 120
Namakkal 1008 7 161 4 150 3 1319 14
Perambalur 40 8 272 54 118 24 160 32 590 118
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 242 48 0 0 155 31 397 79
Salem 115 4 20 3 73 2 50 2 258 11
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 46 2 0 0 165 3 211 5
Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 240 5 0 0 518 6 758 11
Theni 0 0 6 1 21 4 60 12 100 28 187 45
Tiruvarur 244 49 0 0 140 28 0 0 70 14 454 91
Thiruvallur 0 1 2 2 0 141 4 141 9
Thiruvannamalai 0 475 7 0 6 0 0 0 0 100 13 575
Tirunelveli 28 4 20 3 110 3 0 0 300 9 458 19
Trichy 190 5 1200 45 1390 50
Vellore 10 2 3 8 72 3 0 0 213 15 298 28
Villupuram 250 5 100 2 0 0 0 0 41 21 391 28
Virudhunagar 25 4 5 6 0 2 0 0 30 12
Sub total 780 196 221 26 415 1638
100
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Reefer vans @ Rs 9 lakhs/unit Ariyalur 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9
Coimbatore 0 0 2 18 3 27 3 27 0 0 8 72
Dindigul 4 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 36
Erode 2 18 0 0 0 0 2 18
Madurai 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 9
Perambalur 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 9
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 9
The Nilgiris 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 9
Tiruppur 4 36 0 0 0 0 4 36
Trichy 4 36 0 0 4 36 0 8 72
Vellore 0 1 9 1 9 1 9 0 3 27
Sub total 15 135 4 36 7 63 8 72 0 34 306
Honey extractor @ Rs 8000/unit
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 3 70 6 110 9
Cuddalore 0 0 0 30 2 20 2 50 4
Dharmapuri 10 1 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 2
Dindigul 8 1 5 0 0 0 30 2 30 2 73 5
Erode 112 9 5 0 0 30 2 65 5 212 16
Kanyakumari 250 20 875 70 935 75 830 66 1250 100 4140 331
Krishnagiri 60 5 0 0 0 0 60 5
Madurai 9 1 5 0 20 2 30 2 65 5 129 10
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 60 5 40 3 40 3 140 11
Tirunelveli 0 0 10 1 30 2 0 0 120 10 160 13
Villupuram 6 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 25 2 41 2
Sub total 455 37 915 72 1045 84 1035 80 1685 135 5135 408
101
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Collection vehicle @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit Namakkal 2 8 2 8
Processing equipment @ Rs 20,000/unit
Coimbatore 15 3 0 0 0 0 15 3
Erode 1827 365 1 0 0 0 50 10 1878 375
Namakkal 0 0 0 45 9 0 45 9
Perambalur 15 3 0 0 0 0 15 3
Salem 4606 921 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4606 921
Tiruppur 61 12 0 0 0 0 0 61 12
Villupuram 840 168 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 169
Sub total 1480 1 0 9 10 1500
Mango harvester @ Rs 10000/unit Trichy 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 1
Tapioca sett cutter @ Rs 8000/unit Coimbatore 415 33 0 0 0 0 415 33
Erode 0 266 21 0 0 0 266 21
Karur 340 27 0 0 0 0 340 27
Namakkal 0 0 0 2600 208 0 2600 208
Trichy 717 57 0 0 0 0 717 57
Vellore 132 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 132 11
Madurai 0 0 700 56 0 0 700 56
Namakkal 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Sub total 1606 128 266 21 700 56 2600 208 0 5172 414
102
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Power tiller @ Rs 1.85 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 37 60 111 80 148
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 3 6 2 4 5 9 10 19
Dharmapuri 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 10 20
Dindigul 0 0 0 0 10 19 40 74 10 19 60 112
Krishnagiri 0 12 22 0 10 19 10 19 32 60
Madurai 4 7 0 0 5 9 10 19 0 0 19 35
Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 20 37 20 37
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 5 9 11 20 22 41 38 70
Salem 7 13 10 19 0 18 33 10 19 45 84
Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 5 9 18 33 20 37 43 79
The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 35 20 37 39 72
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 18 33 40 74 58 107
Tiruppur 0 0 0 5 9 6 11 11 20 22 40
Trichy 0 0 5 9 23 43 10 19 38 71
Villupuram 0 0 0 0 110 204 0 0 70 130 180 334
Sub total 13 24 24 45 150 278 197 365 310 576 694 1288
Tractor @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/no Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 18 81 21 95
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 45 6 27 17 77
Dindigul 5 23 5 23 4 18 5 23 5 23 24 110
Madurai 5 23 9 41 4 18 5 23 9 41 32 146
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 9 41 5 23 5 23 19 87
Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 59 30 135 43 194
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 5 23 10 45 15 68
Tiruppur 0 0 0 3 14 9 41 4 18 16 73
Trichy 0 0 3 14 5 23 10 45 18 82
Villupuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 225 0 0 50 225
Sub total 10 46 14 64 24 110 110 499 97 438 255 1157
103
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Power operated machines and tools @ Rs 1.5 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 200 300 50 75 0 0 0 0 0 250 375
Cuddalore 22 33 41 62 4 6 5 8 60 90 132 199
Dharmapuri 71 107 261 392 252 378 22 33 118 177 724 1087
Dindigul 70 105 50 75 195 293 0 0 0 0 315 473
Erode 112 168 35 53 245 368 53 80 84 126 529 795
Karur 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2
Madurai 51 77 60 90 0 0 0 111 167
Nagapattinam 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 3
Namakkal 25 38 0 0 0 0 25 38
Sivagangai 10 15 39 59 14 21 23 35 30 45 116 175
Thanjavur 10 15 10 15 0 0 0 0 25 38 45 68
The Nilgiris 10 15 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 30 45
Theni 27 41 26 39 8 12 34 51 25 38 120 181
Thiruvallur 0 0 0 0 50 75 50 75
Tiruppur 27 41 44 66 240 360 0 0 80 120 391 587
Trichy 10 15 20 30 0 0 0 30 45
Thoothukudi 25 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 31 47
Vellore 8 12 91 137 10 15 23 35 5 8 137 207
Villupuram 19 29 41 62 4 6 70 105 15 23 149 225
Sub total 698 1051 788 1185 974 1462 230 347 498 749 3188 4794
Grand total 3682 1620 2274 1606 2323 11505
104
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.22 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management
(₹ in lakhs)
Components Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Fruit Preservation unit
@ Rs 11 lakhs/unit
The Nilgiris 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 4 44
Minimal processing unit
@ Rs 10 lakhs/unit
Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 13 130 0 0 13 130
Mushroom unit @ Rs
8.0 lakhs/unit
Sivagangai 8 64 8 64
Grand total 11 11 141 11 64 238
105
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.23 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Horticulture Sector
(₹ in lakhs)
S.
No. Components
Year Total
I II III IV V
1 Production of Planting
Materials
115 90 181 30 185 601
2
Promotion of Protection
Cultivation in Horticultural
Crops
1397 2160 2410 4942 3811 14720
3
Improvement in Post-Harvest
Handling and Promotion of
Storage Structures
710 467 587 675 1135 3574
4
Strengthening Facilities for
Marketing of Horticultural
Produces
136 352 64 128 0 680
5 Production of Organic
Manure
323 343 505 74 614 1859
6 Strengthening Extension
Activities
2334 813 910 1128 1021 6206
7 Infrastructure for Horticultural
Research and Development
1166 20 1615 461 1000 4262
8 Propagation of Drip / Micro
Irrigation
8684 8605 4860 10011 12015 44175
9 Infrastructure for Water
Harvesting and Storage
150 160 44 32 146 532
10
Distribution of Agricultural
Implements and Machinery
for Farm and post-harvest
operations
3682 1620 2274 1606 2323 11505
11 Infrastructure for post-harvest
management
11 11 141 11 64 238
Grand Total 18708 14641 13591 19098 22314 88352
106
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.3 Infrastructure requirement for Agricultural Engineering Sector
3.3.1 Procurement and distribution of agricultural machinery and equipment
Agricultural Mechanization is the need of the hour to meet out the growing shortage
of labour workforce in Agriculture. It has been identified as one of the critical inputs for
increasing production in time. Cost of cultivation data shows that labour accounts for more
than 40 percentage of the variable cost in many of the crops. The labour intensive crops
need high man power requirement, which is fast depleting and posing a big challenge to
crop productivity. Agricultural labour wages are increasing at an alarming rate in some parts
of Tamil Nadu resulting in shifting from labour intensive to mechanization intensive
techniques.
As the improved agricultural implements and machinery, compared to the traditional
ones, results in increased agricultural production and at the same time reduce drudgery,
different size and shapes of machineries and equipment have been popularized for efficient
and expeditious operations under varying conditions. The farm machinery for land
preparations, land development, seeding, planting, transplanting, weeding and intercultural
operations, harvesting and threshing which are predominantly used in other parts of the
country/other countries are proposed for introduction in the farmers field in Tamil Nadu.
Distribution of farm machinery / implements to farmers with subsidy pattern
assistance will increase the farm power. All the proposed agricultural machinery /
implements will be put into use by the farmers. The acute agricultural labour scarcity will be
reduced. The benefit of agricultural mechanization is to be extended to all categories of
farmers with due consideration to small, marginal, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and
women farmers.
The proposed Farm Implements / Equipment and Machinery will be distributed
according to demand of the farmers with 40% subsidy or the eligible subsidy prescribed by
the Government in the Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization guidelines whichever is
less and for other beneficiary farmers at 50% subsidy or the eligible subsidy prescribed by
the Government under scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, small, marginal and women
farmers for cultivating major crops like paddy, pulses and oil seeds, horticultural crops,
sugarcane etc. To achieve the maximum profit by the farmers, the interventions are
proposed based on the necessity of the exiting farmers and those who are in nursery stage,
the plan is proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 51,384 lakhs (Table 3.24 )
107
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.24 Procurement and distribution of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Procurement and
distribution of
Agricultural Machinery
and Equipment
Coimbatore 350 346 311 311 311 1629
Cuddalore 803 578 531 491 464 2867
Dharmapuri 111 108 108 107 107 541
Dindigul 317 247 30 14 14 622
Kanyakumari 24 19 24 24 25 116
Krishnagiri 299 300 294 284 275 1452
Kancheepuram 618 618 618 618 618 3090
Perambalur 114 93 76 76 76 435
Pudukkottai 481 302 296 281 276 1636
Thanjavur 837 726 677 710 802 3752
Thiruvannamalai 605 572 592 591 611 2971
Theni 105 105 105 108 108 531
Trichy 260 259 255 256 256 1286
Tirunelveli 223 223 223 223 223 1115
Thoothukudi 182 149 144 149 151 775
Tiruppur 342 342 342 342 342 1710
Thiruvallur 1174 1174 1174 1174 1174 5870
The Nilgiris 182 182 182 182 182 910
Ramanathapuram 31 31 31 35 35 163
Salem 1003 1104 1212 1335 1468 6122
Sivagangai 48 48 48 48 49 241
Madurai 123 129 127 127 152 658
Nagapattinam 956 656 656 656 656 3580
Namakkal 522 522 522 522 522 2610
Vellore 0 0 0 437 437 874
Villupuram 1381 1379 1366 767 768 5661
Virudhunagar 12 5 20 6 124 167
Grand total 11103 10217 9964 9874 10226 51384
108
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.3.2 Establishment of farm machinery banks for custom hiring centre
Custom Hiring Centres are basically a unit comprising a set of farm machinery,
implements and equipment meant for custom hiring by farmers. Though certain implements
and equipment are crop specific, the traction units like tractors, power tillers etc., and self-
propelled machinery like combine harvesters etc., are used in common. Therefore, an ideal
model envisaged in this project comprise farm machinery that are commonly used for tillage
operations for all crops, multi crop equipment and a minimum of crop specific machinery.
The farm operations are needed to be performed at appropriate time and any delay
would reduce the yield and farm income considerably. The quality and precision of the
farming operations are equally significant for realizing higher yields. Farming operations like
land levelling, irrigation, sowing / planting, fertilizer application, plant protection, harvesting,
threshing and post-harvest operations require precision to increase the efficiency of the
inputs and reduce the losses. For example, sowing of the required quantity of seed at proper
depth and uniform application of given dose of fertilizer can only be possible with the use of
proper mechanical devices. When such operations are performed through traditional
methods, their efficiency is reduced. Higher productivity of land and labour is another factor,
highlighting the need of farm mechanization. Not only the output per hour is more, the total
labour requirement is also reduced by means of Agricultural Mechanization.
The Sub Mission on Agricultural Machinery (SMAM) is one such initiative towards the
objective. Subsidy schemes are also being formulated to encourage entrepreneurs and agri
graduates to set up custom hiring centres. Ideally, the hiring centres will be located in a
place where by and large small land holdings are located within a radius of 5 to 7 kms. This
will reduce the transport cost and time of transport of agricultural machinery. The emphasis
of agricultural farm machinery and the need for taking the of farm machinery within the
reach of small / marginal farmers, institutional credit needs to be made available for Custom
Hiring Centre‟s. Therefore there is a need to encourage individuals like progressive farmers,
rural unemployed youth, agri graduates etc., and also village level institutions like Water
Users Association, Watershed Committee, SHG Federations etc., to set up CHCs. The
overall budget to undertake the above programmes are laid out with a budget outlay of
Rs. 14,700 lakhs (Table 3.25).
109
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.25 Establishment of Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring Centre
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of
Farm Machinery
Banks for Custom
Hiring @ Rs 25.00
Lakhs /unit
Cuddalore 3 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75
Dharmapuri 15 375 15 375 19 475 18 450 18 450 85 2125
Erode 44 1100 44 1100 44 1100 47 1175 46 1150 225 5625
Karur 21 525 20 500 18 450 18 450 16 400 93 2325
Krishnagiri 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 5 125
Kancheepuram 3 75 2 50 3 75 3 75 2 50 13 325
Perambalur 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 5 125
Pudukkottai 3 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75
Thanjavur 2 50 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75
Theni 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 10 250
Trichy 2 50 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 6 150
Ramanathapuram 2 50 1 25 2 50 2 50 2 50 9 225
Sivagangai 4 100 4 100 5 125 4 100 4 100 21 525
Madurai 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 15 375
Nagapattinam 2 50 5 125 4 100 4 100 4 100 19 475
Namakkal 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 30 750
Villupuram 11 275 11 275 11 275 6 150 4 100 43 1075
Grand total 125 3125 117 2925 120 3000 116 2900 110 2750 588 14700
110
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.3.3 Establishment of hi-tech, high productive equipment hub for custom hiring
Agricultural mechanization leads to increase in labour productivity through labour
savings. It is also useful for mitigating drudgery and increasing the level of farming so as to
improve the life and work environment of farmers. Mechanization will facilitate to take up
timely harvesting of crops and increase the agricultural production by reducing the wastage.
Agricultural operation in Tamil Nadu is spread over in 385 Blocks covering 31
districts. The agricultural machinery used predominantly in other parts of the country or in
foreign countries will be utilized for farm cultivation in Tamil Nadu that could save the labour
to a considerable extent. Besides the above, the newly developed agricultural machinery /
implements / equipment‟s are to be popularized among the farming community. High
productive and high tech implements such as Multi crop thresher, paddy transplanter,
nursery media filling machine, post hole digger, planters, tree pruners, tractor and power
tiller driven equipment‟s etc., are made available to the individual farmers by establishing a
separate hub custom hiring of high-tech implements which are fetching higher price. To
utilize the potential of the educated youth in the localized area, these types of custom hiring
hubs can be used so that the livelihood of the youngster may be improved. With these
objectives, the establishment of high value custom hiring hub is proposed with an budget
outlay of Rs. 36,700 lakhs (Table 3.26 )
3.3.4 Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages
Due to shortage in farm workers, farmers are not in a position to undertake various
field operations in time. Hence, modernization of agriculture through Agricultural
Mechanization is inevitable. The purpose is to increase the output per human, animal and
tractor unit thereby ensuring timeliness and the cost of operations, minimizing the energy
requirement per unit of crop production, losses, making agricultural production less
laborious, reducing pollution, meeting peak labour requirements such as seeding, weeding
and harvesting, permitting an additional crop to increase cropping intensity, bringing
additional area into production, maximizing the efficiency of inputs thereby increasing the
overall agricultural production of the country.
Involves implementation of the schemes for Promoting Rural Youth group in Farm
Mechanization in different districts for the supply and distribution of agricultural machinery
and implements to the groups. Under this scheme, the capacity building component could
be also included. The rural youth group will in turn hire out their agricultural machinery to the
needy farmers on nominal hire charge basis. The budget for implementation of
establishment of custom hiring hub is presented in the Table 3.27 (Rs. 5,710 lakhs)
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.26 Establishment of Hi-Tech, High Productive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Hi-
Tech, High
Productive
Equipment Hub for
Custom Hiring @ Rs
100 lakhs /hub
Cuddalore 2 200 1 100 2 200 1 100 1 100 7 700
Dindigul 3 300 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 400
Tiruvarur 11 1100 12 1200 14 1400 15 1500 18 1800 70 7000
Thiruvannamalai 6 600 6 600 6 600 6 600 6 600 30 3000
Thoothukudi 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 5 500
Tiruppur 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 5 500
Salem 45 4500 46 4600 45 4500 48 4800 50 5000 234 23400
Nagapattinam 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 5 500
Vellore 1 100 1 100 1 100 2 200 2 200 7 700
Grand total 71 7100 70 7000 71 7100 75 7500 80 8000 367 36700
112
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.27 Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages
(₹in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Promotion of
Farm
Mechanization in
Selected Villages
@ Rs.10.00
Lakhs per Farm
Machinery Bank
Dharmapuri 14 140 13 130 11 110 12 120 10 100 60 600
Dindigul 3 30 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 7 70
Kancheepuram 3 30 2 20 2 20 3 30 2 20 12 120
Perambalur 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50
Pudukkottai 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20 1 10 3 30
Trichy 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 40 400
Tiruppur 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100
Madurai 8 80 15 150 14 140 14 140 15 150 66 660
Nagapattinam 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 40 400
Namakkal 24 240 24 240 24 240 24 240 24 240 120 1200
Vellore 14 140 11 110 45 450 65 650 68 680 203 2030
Grand total 860 860 1170 1410 1410 5710
113
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.3.5 Promotion of Mechanized Farming operations
Farm machines have revolutionized agriculture and continue to do so today.
Agricultural Mechanization is thus well placed to address many of the most fundamental
farming challenges in Tamil Nadu in a profound and comprehensive manner. Provided that
suitable technology solutions are employed, Agricultural Mechanization “removes the
drudgery associated with agricultural labour, overcomes time and labour bottlenecks to
perform tasks within optimum time windows and can influence the environmental footprint of
agriculture leading to sustainable outcomes.” In light of the persistently low mechanization
levels in many developing countries and the tremendous progress and benefits that can be
achieved with the help of Agricultural Mechanization there is widespread consensus that
international actors and governments should “continue to encourage farmers to use
agricultural machinery through development programmes and through the provision of
incentives.”
Availability of farm power coupled with efficient and judicious use of farm
implements/ machinery enable efficient utilization of various inputs such as seeds, fertilizers,
plant protection chemicals and water for irrigation besides eliminating the drudgery in
various farm operations from land preparation to post harvest technology and value addition.
In order to be successful, agricultural mechanization needs to be pursued together with
broader strategies that address key barriers which have been found to hold back the
development of agricultural production in developing countries.
To promote the farmers on agricultural mechanization, an incentive on of Rs 2000
per hectare per year will help them to utilize the benefits through mechanized farming. The
infrastructure plans are proposed in such a way to meet the demands of the farmer. The
budget for implementation of the programmes for each district is presented in the Table 3.28
over an out lay of Rs. 1,811 lakhs.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.28 Promotion of Mechanized Farming operations
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Promotion of
Mechanized Farming
operations @
Rs.2000/- per Ha per
farmer per year
Dharmapuri 520 10 520 10 520 10 520 10 520 10 2600 50
Dindigul 31813 636 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31813 636
Kanyakumari 6555 131 6555 131 6255 125 6555 131 6255 125 32173 643
Kancheepuram 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 50 0
Pudukkottai 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 30 0
Theni 110 2 110 2 120 2 120 2 140 3 600 11
Trichy 10 0 10 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 68 0
Sivagangai 3580 72 3090 62 2920 58 2920 58 2920 58 15430 308
Madurai 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 25 0
Nagapattinam 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 5000 100
Namakkal 500 10 500 10 500 10 500 10 500 10 2500 50
Villupuram 250 5 200 4 115 2 50 1 50 1 665 13
Grand total 44358 886 12006 239 11465 227 11702 232 11424 227 90953 1811
115
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.3.6 Tractor Hiring Scheme
Government tractor hire service schemes are proposed to persuade small-scale
farmers to mechanize their farms. A review of the evidence, drawing largely on the
experience, indicates that farmers as well as government hire units face various types of
problems in tractorization. Farmers face a problem of untimeliness of services which may be
due to a shortage of tractor operators, irregular supply of diesel oil in the rural areas, the
frequent breakdown of tractors and equipment coupled with a shortage of spare parts.
Management of government hire units is also defective as decision-making processes are
cumbersome and policies not effectively pursued.
Nevertheless, private hire operators are found to be more economically efficient in
running their units than are government officials since the former operate at a lower cost,
handle more work per year than government units, make efficient use of tractor operators
and make prompt management decisions.
To improve the performance of government tractor hire units inn Tamil Nadu, may
require the governments to reorganize their schemes with a view to bringing their
management closer to farmers. It is also suggested that an „economic rent‟ be charged for
services rendered by hire units but a graduated type of rebate, and not an all-embracing
subsidy approach currently used, should be introduced to reduce farmers' production costs.
To improve the service to the farmers and stake holders, the programmes are programmed
with a budget outlay of Rs. 14,759 lakhs and it is presented in the Table 3.29.
Table 3.29 Budget for Tractor Hiring Scheme
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Tractor Hiring
Scheme
Ariyalur 48 48 48 48 48 240
Coimbatore 275 275 275 275 275 1375
Cuddalore 61 61 0 0 0 122
Dharmapuri 794 695 681 742 670 3582
Kancheepuram 83 83 83 83 83 415
Perambalur 21 1 1 1 1 25
116
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.29 Budget for Tractor Hiring Scheme (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Thanjavur 130 5 9 20 42 206
Theni 3 11 7 3 11 35
Trichy 39 8 8 0 25 80
Thoothukudi 0 0 0 251 0 251
Tiruppur 103 103 103 103 103 515
Ramanathapuram 14 6 0 0 1 21
Sivagangai 144 144 148 143 152 731
Madurai 54 0 3 0 3 60
Nagapattinam 1699 678 2638 838 1136 6989
Namakkal 22 22 22 22 22 110
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 2 0 2
Grand total 3490 2140 4026 2531 2572 14759
3.3.7 Propagation of drip / minor irrigation
Water conservation measures are taken to improve the soil moisture regime, to
recharge the ground water aquifer and to increase the availability of water for cultivation.
Rain water harvesting in paved and unpaved areas and water bodies, are some of the
measures of water conservation. Construction of recharge pits, trenches, dug wells,
recharge wells and recharge shafts are some the water conservation measures. Proper
maintenance of Kanmois and Ooranis in villages is also essential to conserve the water.
Minor irrigation schemes are implemented by the State to locate suitable site through
Geo-physical survey for sinking open wells and tube wells. The scheme also aims at
bringing new areas under irrigation by creation of additional irrigation facilities and promotes
conjunctive use of surface and ground water. With this objective, the plans are proposed
with a budget Rs. 24,765 lakhs (Table 3.30).
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.30 Propagation of Drip / Minor Irrigation
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Propagation of drip / minor
irrigation
Cuddalore 241 144 0 0 0 385
Dindigul 85 85 0 0 0 170
Kancheepuram 450 0 0 3 0 453
Thanjavur 97 0 0 0 0 97
Tiruppur 1427 1427 1427 1427 1427 7135
Thiruvallur 140 140 140 140 140 700
Salem 2200 2420 2662 2928 3221 13431
Sivagangai 40 32 32 32 32 168
Madurai 153 150 0 0 0 303
Nagapattinam 179 298 586 10 0 1073
Vellore 0 0 0 425 425 850
Grand total 5012 4696 4847 4965 5245 24765
118
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.3.8 Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets
Renewable energy is gaining a major role in India‟s energy planning process. The
policy thrust, through specific schemes, needs to be proposed to accelerate the use of such
renewable energy. Among the various sources of renewable energy, the use of solar energy
is gaining momentum. Solar energy is available for more than 300 days a year in India with
about 6-8 hours effective day light hours. Most parts of India receive very high solar
radiation intensities about 5 KWh/Sq.m/day. In the present scenario, when the demand for
electricity is very high and fuel prices are increasing exponentially, a solar water pump
provides a viable solution for irrigation. Moreover, Government is heavily subsidizing electric
tariff for agriculture putting additional burden on State exchequer which is to be brought
down, for which providing solar pumping system to the farmers is the right choice. A 5HP
solar water pump set saves approximately 25 units of power every day.
Pumps that use PV (Photo Voltaic) systems are normally powered by DC (Direct
Current) motors. These motors use the DC output from the PV panels directly. However, by
using an inverter this can be converted to AC (Alternating current) output and AC motor
operated system is the preferable system for the farmers in our State, as it is compatible for
grid power also.
It is proposed to provide a comprehensive package of Solar PV pumping system with
subsidy, linked with suitable Micro irrigation system as per the existing norms along with
forward linkage of precision farming / front-end technologies, crop specific improved
cultivation methods etc. to the progressive farmers of the state on a pilot basis. It is
proposed to provide solar driers for drying various agricultural produce in a phased manner
with the financial assistance under NADP. The district wise financial requirement utilization
of solar energy and provision of solar pumpsets is presented in the Table 3.31.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.31 Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Utilization of solar
energy and
promotion of solar
pumpsets
Ariyalur 300 300 300 300 300 1500
Coimbatore 857 857 857 857 857 4285
Cuddalore 6 6
Dindigul 29 25 0 0 0 54
Kanyakumari 19 15 15 15 15 79
Krishnagiri 206 206 206 206 206 1030
Kancheepuram 646 694 694 694 694 3422
Perambalur 53 53 53 53 53 265
Pudukkottai 285 277 277 277 277 1394
Thanjavur 280 245 280 280 280 1365
Thiruvannamalai 100 100 100 100 100 502
Theni 0 5 0 0 0 5
Trichy 283 298 307 298 313 1499
Thoothukudi 48 48 56 58 66 275
Tiruppur 443 443 443 443 443 2214
Thiruvallur 3690 3690 3690 3690 3690 18450
The Nilgiris 50 50 50 50 50 250
Ramanathapuram 293 348 375 377 404 1797
Salem 970 1067 1174 1292 1419 5922
Sivagangai 99 86 81 86 96 447
Madurai 176 162 162 162 162 822
Nagapattinam 570 570 570 570 570 2850
Namakkal 206 206 206 206 206 1030
Vellore 0 68 48 312 312 741
Villupuram 298 296 295 110 109 1108
Virudhunagar 0 0 209 291 0 500
Grand total 9907 10109 10447 10727 10622 51812
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3.3.9 Water conservation measures
Water is a finite resource, and in many areas, future water supplies are uncertain.
Individuals are usually aware when there is a drought; however, because water is
inexpensive, there are often few incentives to reduce water loss. Water has no viable
substitutes, and its depletion bodes profound economic and social impacts. Citizens and
utilities need to consider water conservation programs.
Degraded areas, denuded gullies, and steep slopes contribute greatly to the
sedimentation and siltation of stream channels. Huge amount of soil particles that are
washed away settle in farm areas in the lowlands through surface runoff thereby destroying
agricultural crops. Some are discharged to the coastal areas which create pollution and
damage to the ecosystem. Most of the fish resources die due to suffocation. Coral reefs and
sea grasses are rendered useless and spawning grounds are damaged. This condition
generally results to the decrease in the production of agricultural farms and coastal zones.
To address this problem, rehabilitation measures should be undertaken to provide
immediate ecological stability of the areas. Structural rehabilitation measures such as check
dams, riprap or stone walls, bench terracing, and gabions are considered very effective as
rehabilitation measures. Farm ponds have a significantly role in rainfed farming system
where annual rainfall is more than 500 mm. It helps in mitigating the ill effect of rainfall
variability as it stores water from rainfall excess and provides for utilization during prolonged
dry spells by means of supplemental / protective irrigation. It also helps in pre-sowing
irrigation of Rabi crop. In high rainfall semi-arid regions of India, farm pond can be used for
multiple uses such as protective/supplemental irrigation, fish culture, duck farming
integrated with poultry.
Stone check dams are commonly used in gully control and are generally constructed
as dry stone wall. Gully control is an important conservative measure in uncultivable land
reform programmes. It controls soil erosion from being caused in watershed areas. The
main objective of constructing such a check dam is to filter the flow of river water after
controlling the eroding power of water so that silt deposits in it, and the water moves ahead
after being filtered. The construction of water harvesting structures involves huge cost. Thus
keeping in view of this importance, the various programmes on soil conservations structures
and cost involved are proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 80,960 lakhs (Table 3.32).
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Table 3.32 Water Conservation Measures
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Water conservation
measures
Ariyalur 60 60 60 60 60 300
Coimbatore 1291 1291 1291 1291 1291 6455
Cuddalore 838 885 909 822 791 4245
Dindigul 987 360 360 250 0 1957
Erode 348 357 380 336 457 1878
Karur 354 331 404 240 202 1531
Kanyakumari 101 98 99 96 100 494
Krishnagiri 62 62 62 62 62 310
Thanjavur 234 271 312 348 479 1644
Tiruvarur 776 787 813 861 848 4085
Thiruvannamalai 1364 1315 1340 1309 1313 6641
Tirunelveli 225 225 225 225 225 1125
Thoothukudi 412 453 499 549 603 2516
Tiruppur 1627 1627 1627 1627 1627 8135
Thiruvallur 228 228 228 228 228 1140
The Nilgiris 820 820 820 820 820 4100
Salem 4376 4814 5296 5824 6407 26717
Sivagangai 475 480 482 489 490 2416
Vellore 163 74 164 1183 1183 2767
Virudhunagar 356 130 0 0 2018 2504
Grand total 15097 14668 15371 16620 19204 80960
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3.3.10 Soil conservation measures
Soil erosion is one of the major agricultural problems in the highlands. Deforestation,
Overgrazing, and cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture together with the farming
practice that do not include conservation measures are the major causes for soil erosion.
Degraded soils are also the major constraints to agricultural production and food security.
Soil conservation in the catchment area of river valley projects through natural
resource management activities like Gabion check dams, water harvesting structures and
silt detention tanks with people involvement. The groundwater level has been lowered in
most of the districts of Tamil Nadu. Out of 385 blocks in Tamil Nadu, groundwater depletion
in 142 blocks are classified as over exploited, 33 as critical, 57 as semi critical and only 153
blocks are safe. The rationale of the project is to demonstrate ground water recharge by
harnessing surplus run off during monsoon period. The strategy of the project is to pump
water from well available in river bed, conveyance of pumped water to a tank through pipes
and enabling stabilization of agriculture in the zone of influence. To undertake the
construction of soil conservation structures, the plans are proposed at the outlay of
Rs. 10,057 lakhs (Table 3.33)
Table 3.33 Soil Conservation Measures
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Soil conservation
measures
Coimbatore 331 331 331 331 331 1655
Thiruvannamalai 127 124 125 122 124 622
Thiruvallur 1215 1215 1215 1215 1215 6075
The Nilgiris 245 245 245 245 245 1225
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sivagangai 8 8 8 7 7 38
Vellore 0 0 0 221 221 442
Grand total 1926 1923 1924 2141 2143 10057
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.34 Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Engineering
(₹ in lakhs)
S. No
Interventions Year
Total I II III IV V
1 Procurement and distribution of
Agricultural Machinery and
Equipment
11103 10217 9964 9874 10226 51384
2 Establishment of Farm Machinery
Banks for Custom Hiring
3125 2925 3000 2900 2750 14700
3 Establishment of Hi-Tech, High
Productive Equipment Hub for
Custom Hiring
7100 7000 7100 7500 8000 36700
4 Promotion of Farm Mechanization
in Selected Villages
860 860 1170 1410 1410 5710
5 Promotion of Mechanized
Farming operations
886 239 227 232 227 1811
6 Tractor Hiring Scheme 3490 2140 4026 2531 2572 14759
7 Propagation of drip / minor
irrigation
5012 4696 4847 4965 5245 24765
8 Utilization of solar energy and
promotion of solar pumpsets
9907 10109 10447 10727 10622 51812
9 Water conservation measures 15097 14668 15371 16620 19204 80960
10 Soil conservation measures 1926 1923 1924 2141 2143 10057
Grand total 58506 54777 58076 58900 62399 292658
The total budget requirement for agricultural engineering is Rs. 2,92,658 lakhs. The
components wise financial requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.34.
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3.4 Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Marketing Sector
3.4.1 Establishment of marketing structures
In post-harvest management of grains, maximum benefit can be achieved by
following improved storage practices at optimum moisture content. About 5 to 10% of post
harvest losses are occurring in cereals and pulses. In order to minimize the post harvest
losses in grains, this Department has started construction of drying yards and storage
godowns at village level since1997. Storage is an important marketing function, which
involves holding and preserving goods from the time they are produced until they are
needed for consumption. The storage of goods, therefore, from the time of production to the
time of consumption, ensures a continuous flow of goods in the market. Storage protects the
quality of perishable and semi-perishable products from deterioration; it helps in the
stabilization of prices by adjusting demand and supply; Storage is necessary for some
period for performance of other marketing functions and it provides employment and income
through price advantages.
Storage Godown (2000 MT) with the budget of Rs. 97.20 crores, Storage Godown
(1000 MT) with the budget of Rs. 21.00 crores, Construction of 100 Mt Storage with
equipments with the budget of Rs. 26.20 crores, Drying yard with the budget of Rs. 32.25,
Storage shed with the budget of Rs. 1.70 crores, Construction of Threshing Floor with the
budget of Rs. 18.20 crores, Establishment of Uzhavar Sandhai with the budget of Rs. 4.60
crores, Market Complex with cold storage for vegetables and fruits with the budget of Rs.
36.80 crores, Tender Coconut market complex with the budget of Rs. 3.25 crores,
Establishing Shade Net with the budget of Rs. 0.05 crores, Perishable Market Improvement
through collection centre with the budget of Rs. 3.60 crores, NABL Accredited Lab with the
budget of Rs. 0.50 crores, Pesticide residue testing Lab with the budget of Rs. 0.15 crores,
Degree / Diploma course in Food Technology in RRS Campus with the budget of Rs. 5.00
crores, Creation of Banana Facilitation centre with cement floor and open shed at Uzhavar
Santhai with the budget of Rs. 0.08 crores, Creation of Jack fruit Facilitation Centre at R.M.
Complex, Panruti with the budget of Rs. 0.06 crores, Flower Market complex at Thovalai
with the budget of Rs. 1.5 crores, Spice market complex at Thovalai with the budget of Rs.
3.2 crores, Additional shops for spice market complex at Thovalai with the budget of Rs. 3.3
crores, Integrated market complex with the budget of Rs. 5.00 crores, Establishment of
Specialized Market complex for Coconut with the budget of Rs. 3.00 crores, Establishment
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of Specialized Market complex for Banana with the budget of Rs. 1.3 crores, Weigh Bridge
at Virudhachalam with the budget of Rs. 2.6 crores, Establishment of supply chain
Management of fruits and vegetables with the budget of Rs. 370.79 crores, Integrated
Commodity Management through Aggregation with the budget of Rs. 1.18 crores, Traders
shop with the budget of Rs. 13.46 crores, Establishment of Silo with the budget of Rs. 1.305
crores, Establishment and Strengthening of AMI & BPC by DAM & TNAU with the budget of
Rs. 4.04 crores, Traditional Onion storage unit with the budget of Rs. 0.46 crores are
proposed interventions for establishment of market structures with the total budget outlay of
Rs. 657.19 crores. The physical and financial requirement of establishment of market
structures are presented in Table 3.35.
3.4.2 Establishment of Processing Units
Processing is a set of techno economic activities carried out for conservation and
handling of agricultural produce and to make it usable as food, feed, fibre, fuel or industrial
raw material. Hence, the scope of the agro-processing industry encompasses all operations
from the stage of harvest till the material reaches the end users in the desired form,
packaging, quantity, quality and price. Agro-processing is now regarded as the sunrise
sector of the Indian economy in view of its large potential for growth and likely socio
economic impact specifically on employment and income generation. Some estimates
suggest that in developed countries, up to 14 per cent of the total work force is engaged in
agro-processing sector directly or indirectly. However, in India, only about 3 per cent of the
work force finds employment in this sector revealing its underdeveloped state and vast
untapped potential for employment. Properly developed, agro-processing sector can make
India a major player at the global level for marketing and supply of processed food, feed and
a wide range of other plant and animal products. The proposed budget outlay for various
interventions in establishing processing unit is Rs. 2,817 lakhs. The physical and financial
budget requirement for establishment of processing unit is presented in Table 3.36.
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Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Storage Godown- 2000 MT @ 120 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 0 0 3 360 3 360 3 360 0 0 9 1080
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 2 240 0 2 240
Cuddalore 3 360 0 0 10 1200 1 120 0 0 14 1680
Erode 5 600 0 0 3 360 0 960
Dharmapuri 2 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 240
Krishnagiri 2 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 240
Kanchipuram 0 0 0 0 2 240 0 0 0 0 2 240
Nagapattinam 2 240 0 0 2 240 0 0 0 0 4 480
Perambalur 1 120 0 0 0 0 1 120
Ramanathapuram 1 120 0 0 6 720 0 0 0 0 7 840
Salem 2 240 0 0 1 120 0 0 0 0 3 360
Sivagangai 1 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 120
Thanjavur 1 120 0 0 0 0 1 120
Tiruvarur 1 120 0 1 120 0 0 2 240
Thiruvannamalai 3 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 360
Theni 0 0 2 240 1 120 0 0 0 0 3 360
Trichy 2 240 2 240 0 0 0 4 480
Tirunelveli 1 120 0 0 0 0 1 120
Tiruppur 3 360 0 0 0 0 3 360
Vellore 3 360 0 1 120 0 0 4 480
Villupuram 3 360 0 2 240 0 0 5 600
Total 36 4320 7 840 29 3480 9 1080 0 0 81 9720
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Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)
Interventions
Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Storage Godown- 1000 MT @ 60 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 120 0 0 2 120
Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 60 0 0 0 0 1 60
Kancheepuram 2 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60 3 180
Nagapattinam 4 240 4 240 4 240 4 240 8 480 24 1440
Salem 0 0 0 0 1 60 0 0 0 0 1 60
Thanjavur 0 0 2 120 0 0 2 120
Tiruvarur 0 0 0 0 1 60 1 60
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 0 0 1 60 0 0 0 0 1 60
Total 6 360 4 240 9 540 6 360 10 600 35 2100
Construction of 100 Mt Storage Godown (20 X 5m) with equipments @ Rs. 20 lakhs / unit
Cuddalore 3 60 2 40 1 20 1 20 2 40 9 180
Dharmapuri 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 15 300
Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 100 5 100
Karur 2 40 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 6 120
Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 0 0 1 20
Perambalur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 1 20
Pudukkottai 5 100 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 13 260
Salem 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 20 400
Sivagangai 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 15 300
Tiruvarur 1 20 5 100 0 1 20 0 7 140
Thiruvannamalai 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100
Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 5 100 5 100
The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 220 11 220 22 440
Vellore 0 0 0 0 0 2 40 2 40
Villupuram 0 0 0 0 0 5 100 5 100
Total 23 460 21 420 16 320 27 540 44 880 131 2620
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Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Drying yard - 20mx20m @ Rs. 5 L / unit
Ariyalur 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 30 150
Coimbatore 10 50 0 0 3 15 4 20 17 85
Cuddalore 5 25 10 50 5 25 5 25 6 30 31 155
Dharmapuri 5 25 9 45 5 25 5 25 4 20 28 140
Dindigul 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25
Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50
Karur 10 50 9 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 95
Krishnagiri 8 40 3 15 1 5 1 5 0 0 13 65
Kancheepuram 10 50 15 75 5 25 5 25 5 25 40 200
Nagapattinam 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 8 40 24 120
Namakkal 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 75 375
Perambalur 5 25 0 0 0 0 5 25
Pudukkottai 11 55 30 150 10 50 10 50 10 50 71 355
Ramanathapuram 1 5 5 25 0 0 0 6 30
Salem 10 50 24 120 24 120 24 120 24 120 106 530
Sivagangai 4 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 20
Thanjavur 3 15 0 0 0 0 3 15
Tiruvarur 0 0 0 3 15 0 3 15
Thiruvannamalai 4 20 0 0 0 3 15 7 35
Theni 3 15 4 20 1 5 1 5 0 0 9 45
Trichy 10 50 10 50 10 50 13 65 13 65 56 280
Tirunelveli 10 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50
Tiruppur 10 50 5 25 5 25 5 25 0 0 25 125
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Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thiruvallur 5 25 10 50 0 0 0 0 14 70 29 145
The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 25 5 25
Vellore 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50
Virudhunagar 0 0 3 15 0 1 5 0 4 20
Total 150 750 163 815 92 460 102 510 138 690 645 3225
Storage shed @ Rs 10 lakhs /unit
Coimbatore 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 10
Krishnagiri 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30
Madurai 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30
Pudukkottai 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 10
Thiruvannamalai 3 30 0 0 0 0 3 30
Tirunelveli 4 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 40
Thiruvallur 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20
Total 16 160 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 170
Construction of Threshing Floor/ Drying yard (20 m x 20 m) @ 20 lakhs/unit
Nagapattinam 0 0 2 40 5 100 4 80 5 100 16 320
Thiruvannamalai 15 300 15 300 15 300 10 200 20 400 75 1500
Total 15 300 17 340 20 400 14 280 25 500 91 1820
Establishment of Uzhavar Sandhai @ 20 lakhs/unit
Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460 1 460
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Market Complex with cold
storage for vegetables and
fruits @ Rs 460 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 1 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 1 460 0 0 0 0 1 460
Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460 1 460
Theni 1 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460
Trichy 1 460 0 0 0 0 1 460
The Nilgiris 1 460 1 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 920
Total 4 1840 1 460 1 460 0 0 2 920 8 3680
Tender Coconut market
complex @ Rs 325
lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 1 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 325
Establishing Shade Net @
Rs 5 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5
Perishable Market Improvement through collection centre @ Rs 36 lakhs / centre
Coimbatore 0 0 5 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 180
Dindigul 0 0 5 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 180
Total 0 0 10 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 360
NABL Accredited Lab @ Rs 50 lakhs /unit
Coimbatore 1 50 1 50
Pesticide residue testing
Lab @ Rs. 6000 / sample
Coimbatore 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15
131
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Degree / Diploma course in Food Technology in RRS Campus, Virudhachalam
Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 500 1 500
Creation of Banana Facilitation centre with cement floor and open shed at Uzhavar Santhai
Cuddalore 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8
Creation of Jack fruit Facilitation Centre at R.M. Complex, Panruti
Cuddalore 1 6.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6
Flower Market complex at Thovalai
Kanyakumari 0 0.00 0 0 1 150 0 0 0 0 1 150
Spice market complex at Thovalai
Kanyakumari 0 0.00 0 0 1 320 0 0 0 0 1 320
Additional shops for spice market complex at thovalai
Kanyakumari 0 0.00 0 0 35 150 0 0 0 0 35 150
Trichy 60 180.00 60 180
Total 113 247 50 3 87 623 50 3 51 503 371 1379
Integrated market complex
1 500 1 500
Establishment of Specialized Market complex for Coconut
Pudukkottai 0 0 1 300 1 300
132
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Specialized Market complex for Banana
Tirunelveli 0 0 1 130 1 130
Weigh Bridge at Virudhachalam RM 60 MT @ Rs.20 Lakhs / unit
Cuddalore 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 0 0 1 20
Kanyakumari 2 40 0 0 2 40 0 0 0 0 4 80
Namakkal 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 20
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 1 20
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 1 20
Trichy 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 20
Villupuram 0 0 0 3 60 0 0 3 60
Total 4 560 1 130 8 160 2 320 1 20 16 1190
Establishment of supply chain Management of fruits and vegetables
Coimbatore 0 1 69 1 69
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3700 0 0 1 3700
Dindigul 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3100 0 0 1 3100
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10070 0 0 1 10070
Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 2 40 0 0 0 0 2 40
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3200 0 0 1 3200
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3700 0 0 1 3700
Trichy 0 1 3300 1 3300
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4000 0 0 1 4000
Thoothukudi 0 1 4000 1 4000
The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1900 0 0 1 1900
Total 0 0 0 0 2 40 10 37039 0 0 12 37079
133
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Integrated Commodity Management through Aggregation
Dindigul 0 0 1 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 59
Erode 0 0 1 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 59
Total 0 0 2 118 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 118
Traders shop @ @ 13.33 lakhs/unit
Erode 6 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 80
Ramanathapuram 25 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 333
Cuddalore 10 133 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 133
Theni 8 107 8 107 8 107 8 107 8 107 40 535
Tirunelveli 10 133 0 0 0 0 10 133
Virudhunagar 10 133 0 0 0 0 10 133
Total 69 920 8 107 8 107 8 107 8 107 101 1347
Establishment of Silo 100 MT @ 43.5 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 0 1 43.5 1 43.5
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 43.5 1 43.5
Trichy 0 1 43.5 1 43.5
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 130.5 3 130.5
Establishment and Strengthening of AMI & BPC by DAM & TNAU
1 192 1 152 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 404
Traditional Onion storage unit @ Rs 1 lakh/unit
Tiruppur 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 45 45
Virudhunagar 0 0 1 1 1 1
Total 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 9 9 46 46
Grand Total 10443 4004 6619 40274 4380 65719
134
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.36 Establishment of Processing Units
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Food processing incubation and Training centre
Tiruppur 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 110 0 0 4 260
Turmeric processing centre @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit
Thiruvannamalai 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 1.25 1 1.25
Processing unit for pulses @ Rs. 20 lakh/unit
Pudukkottai 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100
Primary processing Centre for Processing - Banana @ Rs. 20 lakh/unit
Karur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20
Mango irradiation unit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1500 1 1500
Food processing incubation and Training centre @ Rs 110 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 0 0 1 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 110
Value addition unit @ Rs. 100lakh/unit
Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 1 100
Mango Ripening chamber @ Rs 145 lakhs/unit
Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 1 145 0 0 0 0 1 145
135
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.36 Establishment of Processing Units (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of millet / spices processing units @ Rs. 10 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 2 20 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 6 60
Dharmapuri 3 30 3 30 3 30 3 30 3 30 15 150
Karur 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10
Kancheepuram 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30
Namakkal 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50
Total 12 180 9 240 8 265 7 180 9 1671 45 2536
Mobile tapioca starch extraction unit @ Rs. 5.00 lakhs
Namakkal 0 0 1 5 1 5
Salem 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 0 0 3 15
Total 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 1 5 4 20
Mini minor millets processing Machineries @ Rs. 3.00 lakhs
Karur 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 2 6
Thiruvannamalai 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 10 30
Trichy 14 42 0 0 0 0 14 42
Thoothukudi 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 10 30
Tiruppur 2 6 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 15
Total 21 63 7 21 4 12 5 15 4 12 41 123
Provision of Mini-Dhall mill at village Level Processing for Pulses
Cuddalore 5 1 5 1 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 8
Dharmapuri 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
Trichy 14 28 14 28
Total 20 30 6 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 41 38
Concentrate Extracting unit for flower crops @ Rs. 100 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 1 100 1 100
Grand Total 55 378 23 268 18 284 17 197 19 1690 132 2817
136
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.4.3 Establishment / strengthening of marketing institutions
Improving efficiency of market institution at all levels including grass root level market
outlets will facilitate price discovery, minimize costs and pave way for introduction of market
innovations. There are 277 Regulated Markets, 108 Rural Godowns and 108 grading
centres functioning under the Market Committees, competitive and remunerative prices are
ensured for the produce sold by the farmers through closed tender system in the Regulated
Markets. Free grading facilities for agricultural commodities and issuing pledge loan during
distress sale are also available in the Regulated Markets. 1 to 2% of the value of the
produce is collected as market fees from the traders who procure the produce from the
farmers. 103 Uzhavar Sandhai are functioning in the state for direct selling of fruits and
vegetables by farmers to consumers without any hindrance of middlemen. The main object
of Uzhavar Sandhai is to ensure farmers to get a better price for their produce and to enable
the consumers to get fresh fruits and vegetables at a lesser price than the retail market
price. Agmark grading is undertaken to protect the consumers from the ill effects of
consuming adulterated food commodities and to ensure quality food products. Construction
of regulated market with the budget of Rs. 6.00 crores, strengthening of market institutions
with the budget of Rs. 13.00 crores, strengthening of AGMARK Lab with the budget of Rs.
4.40 crores, strengthening of Uzhavar Sandhai with the budget of Rs. 110.82 crores,
Transaction Shed with the budget of Rs. 72.00 crores, cold storage with the budget of Rs.
29.26 crores are the proposed interventions with the total budget outlay of Rs. 235.56 crores
for strengthening of market institutions. The physical and financial requirement for
strengthening of market institutions is furnished in Table 3.37.
3.4.4 Establishment of farmers learning centre
Learning centres are intended to provide formal management mechanism between
the scientists and technology users. It will provide single window information on post harvest
and marketing aspects and facilitate direct access to the farmers to the institutional
resources. Information will be aided through exhibits, audio visual aids, farm literature, kiosk
(Touch screen), video documentaries on various agricultural marketing interventions and
latest developments in agri business sector. Each e-Learning Centre will have the facilities
like e-Class room, e-library, Informative kiosk, Demonstration plots, Mini project models and
Video chats between experts and technology users. The proposed budget for establishment
of farmers learning centre is Rs. 980 lakhs. The physical and financial requirement of
establishment of farmers learning centre is presented in Table 3.38.
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Table 3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of new RM @ Rs. 150 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 0 0 1 150 1 150 0 1 150 3 450
Dindigul 1 150 0 0 0 0 1 150
Total 1 150 1 150 1 150 0 0 1 150 4 600
Strengthening of market institution‟s @ Rs 50 lakhs /unit
Ariyalur 1 50 0 1 50 0 1 50 3 150
Cuddalore 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50
Erode 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 100
Krishnagiri 3 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 150
Namakkal 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50
Ramanathapuram 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50
Salem 1 50 0 0 0 0 4 200 0 0 5 250
Theni 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50 2 100
Trichy 2 100 0 0 0 0 2 100
Villupuram 6 300 0 0 0 0 6 300
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 17 850 2 100 1 50 4 200 2 100 26 1300
Strengthening of AGMARK Lab
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 1 7 4
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 1 5 2
Dindigul 1 1 4 8 5 9
Erode 3 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 15 50 19 140
Karur 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 3 1
Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 7 7 9
Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 10 30 13 33
Madurai 0 0 0 0 1 30 2 2 6 33 9 65
Salem 1 20 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 7 6 28
138
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Table 3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thiruvannamalai 1 20 1 1 2 7 4 28
Theni 1 20 1 1 4 8 0 0 0 0 6 29
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 9 8 11
Thoothukudi 1 20 1 1 5 1 7 22
Tiruppur 1 20 1 20
Vellore 1 35 1 1 6 3 8 39
Villupuram 0 0 1 1 7 1 8 2
Total 10 196 1 1 12 78 17 17 76 149 116 442
Strengthening of Uzhavar Sandhai
Coimbatore 0 0 1 24 8 268 32 269
Cuddalore 0 0 1 150 2 75 3 225
Dharmapuri 2 400 5 253 7 653
Erode 0 1 24 1 10 6 178 8 212
Karur 1 6 5 108 6 114
Krishnagiri 4 30 1 24 4 173 9 227
Kancheepuram 0 2 30 4 124 6 154
Madurai 0 1 24 1 10 3 137 5 171
Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 72 3 72
Namakkal 15 1500 1 24 15 1500 30 3000 6 208 67 6232
Perambalur 0 1 56 1 56
Pudukkottai 0 4 129 4 129
Salem 0 1 24 1 10 10 427 12 461
Sivagangai 0 2 114 2 114
Thanjavur 0 20 20 1 5 3 160 4 205
Tiruvarur 0 1 105 4 156 5 261
Thiruvannamalai 0 4 189 4 189
Theni 0 2 30 7 178 9 208
Trichy 0 6 186 6 186
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 2 78 3 178
139
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Transaction Shed @ 30x12m @ Rs 50 lakhs / unit
Thoothukudi 0 1 40 1 40
Tiruppur 0 4 92 4 92
Thiruvallur 0 4 105 4 105
The Nilgiris 0 2 68 2 68
Vellore 0 8 296 8 296
Villupuram 0 42 1 24 1 7 3 93 5 166
Total 22 1998 6 165 41 1515 40 3442 111 3962 220 11082
Ariyalur 2 100 0 0 0 0 2 100
Coimbatore 4 200 0 1 50 0 0 5 250
Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 150 0 0 3 150
Dharmapuri 10 500 20 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 1500
Transaction Shed @ 30x12m @ Rs 50 lakhs / unit
Erode 3 150 4 200 0 0 2 100 0 0 9 450
Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50
Krishnagiri 0 0 1 50 1 50 0 0 0 0 2 100
Madurai 10 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 500
Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 2 100 0 0 0 0 2 100
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50
Salem 2 100 0 0 3 150 0 0 0 0 5 250
Thanjavur 0 0 0 5 250 0 0 5 250
Tiruvarur 0 0 0 3 150 0 0 3 150
Thiruvannamalai 3 150 3 150 11 550 4 200 0 0 21 1050
Trichy 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50
Tirunelveli 10 500 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 13 650
Tiruppur 10 500 0 0 0 0 10 500
Vellore 1 50 0 4 200 0 0 5 250
Villupuram 0 0 0 16 800 0 0 16 800
Total 55 2750 29 1450 50 2500 10 500 0 0 144 7200
140
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Cold storage @ Rs. 31.8 lakhs / unit , 1 nos. 25MT
Ariyalur 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 0 0 4 128
Coimbatore 10 318 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 318
Cuddalore 1 32 2 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 96
Dharmapuri 2 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 64
Erode 6 191 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 191
Kanyakumari 1 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 32
Krishnagiri 2 64 4 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 191
Madurai 1 32 1 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 64
Namakkal 3 95 0 0 0 0 3 95
Perambalur 1 32 0 0 0 1 32 2 64
Pudukkottai 1 32 0 0 0 0 1 32
Ramanathapuram 2 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 64
Salem 5 159 0 0 1 32 0 0 0 0 6 191
Sivagangai 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 5 160
Thanjavur 1 32 0 0 0 0 1 32
Thiruvannamalai 7 223 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 223
Theni 0 2 64 0 0 0 2 64
Tirunelveli 7 223 3 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 318
Thoothukudi 7 223 0 0 0 0 7 223
Tiruppur 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 3 95 7 223
Vellore 1 32 3 95 0 0 0 4 127
Virudhunagar 1 32 0 0 0 0 1 32
Total 62 1976 18 573 4 128 3 96 5 159 92 2932
Grand total 7920 2439 4421 4255 4520 23556
141
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.38 Establishment of Farmers Learning Centre
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Farmer Learning Centre at Market Committee Complex, @ Rs. 70 Lakhs / unit
Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Namakkal 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70 2 140
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Thiruvallur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Villupuram 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70 2 140
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 140 12 840 14 980
142
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.4.5 Provision of market accessories
Market accessories and infrastructure facilities are said to be the blood vessels for
the smooth and effective functioning of market institution at all levels. Provision of market
accessories like weighing electronic balance, tarpaulin, dunnage, plastic crates etc., and
market infrastructures like thrashing floor, drying yard, storage shed, grain silts, provision of
computers, solar dryers would go long way in upgrading market institution and both buyers
and sellers would be benefitted mutually. Plastic crates with the budget of Rs. 4.57 crores,
Tarpaulin with the budget of Rs. 12.68 crores, Dunnage with the budget of Rs. 13.34 crores,
Provision of Cashew Processing Machineries at Village level for Cashew Growers cum Mini
Processors with the budget of Rs. 8.81 crores, Provision of Machineries & Technical
Building for the Manufacture of Organic Country Sugar, Provision of Traditional Oil Expeller
Unit with the budget of Rs. 0.13 crores, Quality testing Equipment - Cotton fibre tester with
the budget of Rs. 1.3 crores, IRRI super gunny bags with the budget of Rs. 0.84 crores,
Electronic balance with the budget of Rs. 0.51 crores, Turmeric boiler with the budget of Rs.
0.02 crores, Turmeric grader with the budget of Rs. 0.2 crores, Turmeric polisher with the
budget of Rs. 0.7 crores, Turmeric powder making machine with the budget of Rs. 0.5
crores, Solar dryer with the budget of Rs. 1.2 crores, Tapioca chips cutter with the budget of
Rs. 0.06 crores, Grading sieve with the budget of Rs. 0.05 crores, Power operated
Groundnut decorticator with the budget of Rs. 0.9 crores, Pulses grading machine with the
budget of Rs. 0.55 crores, Pepper berry separator with the budget of Rs. 0.05 crores,
Distribution of multilayered low density polyethylene sheet with the budget of Rs. 1.02
crores, Banana vaccum packaging machine with the budget of Rs.0.15 crores, Poly
carbonate solar hybrid tunnel dryer to FPC with the budget of Rs. 0.08 crores are proposed
interventions for market accessories with the total budget outlay of Rs. 52.13 crores. The
details of physical and financial budget requirement of market accessories are presented in
Table 3.39.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.39 Provision of Market Accessories
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Plastic crates @ Rs.500/unit
Cuddalore 400 2 400 2 400 2 400 2 400 2 2000 10
Dharmapuri 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 1929 10 9929 50
Dindigul 2500 13 2500 13 2500 13 2500 13 2500 13 12500 65
Erode 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 10000 50
Kancheepuram 780 4 780 4 780 4 780 4 780 4 3900 20
Namakkal 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 7500 40
Pudukkottai 500 3 500 3 500 3 500 3 500 3 2500 15
Salem 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 10000 50
Theni 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 500 5
Trichy 7000 35 0 0 0 7000 35 14000 70
Tirunelveli 5000 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 10 7000 35
Thoothukudi 600 3 660 3 720 4 780 4 840 4 3600 18
Thiruvallur 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 7500 40
Vellore 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 500 5
Total 25980 133 14040 73 14100 74 14160 74 23149 119 91429 473
Tarpaulin @ 6 m x 6 m @ Rs. 7000 / unit
Cuddalore 100 7 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 900 63
Dharmapuri 80 6 80 6 80 6 80 6 68 5 388 29
Erode 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 500 35
Karur 80 6 80 6 80 6 80 6 80 6 400 30
Krishnagiri 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 1000 70
Kancheepuram 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 30 0
Madurai 702 49 702 49 702 49 702 49 702 49 3510 245
144
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Table 3.39 Provision of Market Accessories (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Perambalur 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 100 5
Pudukkottai 450 32 450 32 450 32 450 32 450 32 2250 160
Ramanathapuram 110 8 110 8 55 4 55 4 110 8 440 32
Salem 1000 70 1000 70 1000 70 1000 70 1000 70 5000 351
Thanjavur 100 7 125 9 150 11 175 12 200 14 750 53
Theni 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 15 0
Trichy 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 100 5
Tirunelveli 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 100 5
Thoothukudi 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 1000 70
Tiruppur 35 2 35 2 35 2 35 2 35 2 175 10
Thiruvallur 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 1000 70
Virudhunagar 58 4 60 4 55 4 170 12 115 8 458 32
Total 3484 243 3611 252 3576 250 3716 259 3729 260 18116 1264
Dunnage @ Rs. 8000/ unit - steel
Cuddalore 500 40 500 40 500 40 500 40 500 40 2500 200
Erode 500 40 400 32 600 48 500 40 500 40 2500 200
Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 9 110 9
Namakkal 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 75 5
Salem 1000 80 1000 80 1000 80 1000 80 1000 80 5000 400
Theni 500 40 400 32 600 48 500 40 500 40 2500 200
Trichy 450 36 0 0 0 0 450 36
Tirunelveli 450 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 36
Thoothukudi 36 3 48 4 60 5 72 6 84 7 300 25
Thiruvallur 150 12 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 210 16
Vellore 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 500 40
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 2075 166 2075 166
Total 3701 296 2478 198 2890 231 2702 216 4899 392 16670 1333
145
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.39 Provision of Market Accessories (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Provision of Cashew Processing Machineries at Village level for Cashew Growers cum Mini Processors
Cuddalore 10 134.8 5 75 5 82.5 10 181.5 90 407.15 120 881
Provision of Machineries & Technical Building for the Manufacture of Organic Country Sugar, Provision of Traditional Oil Expeller Unit
Cuddalore 0 0 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13
Quality testing Equipment- Cotton fibre tester @ 65 lakhs/unit
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 65 1 65
Thanjavur 0 1 65 1 65
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 130 2 130
IRRI super gunny bag @ Rs.100/bag
Dharmapuri 300 0 300 0 300 0 300 0 290 0 1490 0
Namakkal 1500 2 1500 2 1500 2 1500 2 1500 2 7500 10
Trichy 14000 14 14000 14 14000 14 14000 14 14000 14 70000 70
Thiruvallur 1000 1 1000 1 1000 1 1000 1 1000 1 5000 5
Total 16800 17 16800 17 16800 17 16800 17 16790 17 83990 85
146
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.39 Provision of Market Accessories (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Electronic balance @ 100 kg @ Rs. 7000/unit
Dindigul 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 13 1 53 5
Kancheepuram 26 2 26 2 26 2 26 2 26 2 130 10
Madurai 50 4 50 4 50 4 50 4 34 2 234 18
Ramanathapuram 10 1 10 1 10 1 15 1 3 0 48 4
Salem 40 3 40 3 40 3 40 3 40 3 200 15
Thoothukudi 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 50 5
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 2 0 8 1 0 10 1
Total 146 12 146 12 148 12 159 13 126 9 725 58
Turmeric boiler @ Rs 10000/unit
Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 5 1
Salem 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 15 0
Total 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 8 1 20 1
Turmeric grader @ Rs 10.00 lakhs
Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20 2 20
Turmeric polisher @ @ Rs 2.00 lakhs
Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 5 10
Namakkal 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 10 20
Salem 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 20 40
Total 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 11 22 35 70
Turmeric powder making machine @Rs 5.00 lakhs
Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50
Solar dryer @ Rs 8 lakh/unit
Coimbatore 3 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 4 32
Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 16 2 16
Nagapattinam 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 2 16
Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 1 8
Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 48 6 48
Total 4 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 88 15 120
147
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.39 Provision of Market Accessories (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Tapioca chips cutter @ @ Rs. 50000/-
Namakkal 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5
Salem 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5
Total 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 10
Grading sieve @ Rs.1000/ unit
Namakkal 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 500 5
Power operated Groundnut decorticator @ Rs 6.0 L
Namakkal 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 5 30
Virudhunagar 0 0 2 12 2 12 6 36 75 450 85 510
Total 101 7 103 19 103 19 107 43 176 457 590 545
Pulses grading machine @ Rs.5 L/unit
Namakkal 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25
Salem 1 5 1 5 1 5 2 10 2 10 7 35
Total 2 10 2 10 2 10 3 15 3 15 12 5
Pepper berry separator @ @Rs.50000/unit
Namakkal 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 10 5
Distribution of multilayered low density polyethylene sheet 18‟x24‟ size (120 GSM) @ Rs.2,000/No.
Pudukkottai 1200 11 1200 13 1200 12 1230 13 1230 22 6060 72
Banana Vaccum Packaging machine @ Rs. 1.5 lakhs/unit
Salem 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 10 15
Poly Carbonate Solar Hybrid Tunnel Dryer to FPC @ Rs 8 lakhs /unit
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 8
Grand Total 914 700 726 858 2016 5213
148
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.40 Abstract for Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Marketing Sector
(₹ in lakhs)
S.
No Interventions
Year Total
I II III IV V
1 Establishment of Marketing
Structures
10442 4004 6619 40274 4380 65719
2 Establishment of
Processing Units
378 268 284 197 1690 2817
3
Establishment /
Strengthening of Marketing
Institutions
7920 2439 4421 4255 4520 23555
4 Establishment of Farmers
Learning Centre
0 0 0 140 840 980
5 Provision of Market
Accessories
914 700 726 858 2016 5213
Total 19654 7411 12050 45724 13446 98284
The overall budget requirement for Agricultural Marketing Sector is Rs. 982.84
crores. The details of financial requirement for five years are presented in above Table 3.40.
149
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.5 Infrastructure requirement for Seed certification
3.5.1 Establishment of seed processing units and seed testing labs
Timely availability of certified quality seeds with good yield potential continues to be
the decisive factor in agricultural production in order to achieve the target of doubling the
yield and hence should be given utmost importance. The Department of Seed Certification
and Organic certification plays vital role in the enhancement of seed replacement rate by
certifying quality seeds.
The seed certification wing is responsible for the production of certified seeds of
notified varieties of crops. The seed quality control activities involve the inspection of seed
selling point at regular intervals and drawing of seed sample for quality check from seed lots
kept for sale. The samples are analyzed in the notified seed testing laboratories and based
on the results of analytical reports actions are initiated against sub-standard seed lots.
Even as seeds are grains, not all grains are seeds because they possess certain
qualities that enable them to grow. Establishment of seed testing lab will check those
qualities like germination level, moisture content, physical purity and other distinguished
variety (ODV), pest and disease infestation. If grains brought by farmers gratify minimum
level of these qualities, they will be treated as seeds. Otherwise, they will be used as grains
only. While germination test will ensure planting value of the seed, moisture content will
determine quality of seed and seed purity decides quality and market value. The ODV test
will help detect if there are any mixture of other varieties with one particular variety. Mixture
of other varieties will decrease seed quality and create problems in developing into
seedlings in the field. Thus to improve the seed quality, the seed processing units and seed
testing laboratories are essentially need in the seed producing areas to achieve the goal.
The plans are proposed to establish the above units and laboratories at the budget outlay of
Rs. 1,858 lakhs (Table 3.41).
150
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.41 Establishment of Seed Processing Units and Seed Testing Labs
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment/
Modernizing seed
processing units @ Rs
400 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 1 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 1 400
Dindigul 1 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 1 400
Pudukkottai 1 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 1 400
Theni 1 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 1 400
Total ` 4 400 0 400 0 300 0 300 0 200 4 1600
Establishment of seed
complex @ Rs 155
lakhs/unit
Erode 1 155 1 155
Seed testing laboratory
(4500 sq.ft.) @ Rs 100
lakhs/unit
Karur 1 100 1 100
Mini Seed testing lab
@ Rs 3 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3
Grand Total 658 400 300 300 200 1858
151
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.5.2 Strengthening of Seed Certification Institutions
Strengthening of the Directorate of Seed Certification and Organic Certification is
essential to conduct the training programmes, review meetings, transfer of important
techniques, seed certification procedure and legislation in production. Strengthening of the
Department by creating IT based infrastructure with computers and networking to the
officials of the Department of Seed certification, Seed Inspection and Seed Testing wings,
establishment of seed complex with seed testing laboratory, seed inspection office with
technical support and modernization (updation) of seed certification procedure would
enhance the production of certified seeds considerably in the State.
Besides modernizing the existing units, training seed growers for quality seed
production, capacity building of extension functionaries, and provision of adequate
infrastructure facilities would go long way for improving the activities of seed certification
wing and seed testing laboratories in an effective manner. The details of district wise budget
requirement for undertaking the above interventions are furnished in Table 3.42
3.5.3 Seed Certification Accessories
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is proved to be powerful tool to
reach the downtrodden, neglected farming communities. The ICT tools could be used for
dissemination of the agricultural technologies and seed production technologies in time with
minimum budget. The Government of Tamil Nadu is equipping the State Agricultural
Department with the State-of-the-art ICT infrastructures under TNAUAGRITECH, which will
facilitate agricultural related information access and advisory services to the farmers and all
stakeholders of the supply-chain of the Agricultural system.
The seed moisture content (mc) is the amount of water in the seed. It is the most
vital parameter, which influence the seed quality and storage life of the seed. Seed moisture
content is closely associated with several aspects of physiological seed quality. For
example, it is related to seed maturity, optimum harvest time, mechanical damage,
economics of artificial seed drying, seed longevity and insect & pathogen infestation.
Distribution of moisture meters to the certification institution can effectively monitor the seed
moisture and seeds can be saved from infestation. To achieve the above objectives, the
infrastructure programmes are proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 51 lakhs (Table 3.43).
.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.42 Strengthening of Seed Certification Institutions
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin
Strengthening of the Directorate of Seed Certification
Coimbatore 0 0 0 63 93 156
Strengthening of State seed processing unit
Ariyalur 30 0 0 0 0 30
Perambalur 1 1
Pudukkottai 1 1
Total 32 0 0 0 0 32
Strengthening of the Seed Testing Laboratories
Coimbatore 15 0 1 0 0 16
Erode 1 1
Karur 1 1
Thanjavur 11 1 12
Kanchipuram 13 1 14
Nagapattinam 1 1
Dharmapuri 15 1 16
Dindigul 1 1
Krishnagiri 1 1
Namakkal 1 1
Ramanathapuram 1 1
Thoothukudi 1 1
Salem 1 1
Madurai 13 1 14
The Nilgiris 1 1
Trichy 12 1 13
Vellore 1 1
Sivagangai 1 1
Kanyakumari 1 1
Tiruvannamalai 1 1
Tiruppur 1 1
Tirunelveli 7 1 8
Tiruvallur 1 1
Theni 1 1
Virudhunagar 1 1
Villupuram 0 1 1
Total 82 4 18 4 4 112
Strengthening of the DNA Finger Print Laboratory
Coimbatore 4 4 8
Grand Total 118 4 18 71 97 308
153
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.43 Seed Certification Accessories
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
YEAR
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Moisture Meter @
Rs.50000/No.
Madurai 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25
Tiruvarur 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 20 10
Supply of dunnage @
Rs.5000/No.
Madurai 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15
Supply of Tablets @
Rs.10000/No.
Madurai 8 1 8 1
Total 11 10 10 10 10 51
154
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Table 3.44 Consolidated Budgets for Infrastructure Development in Seed Certification
(₹ in lakhs)
S.
No. Interventions
Year Total
I II III IV V
1 Establishment of Seed
Processing Units and Seed
Testing Labs
658 400 300 300 200 1858
2 Strengthening of Seed
Certification Institutions
118 4 18 71 97 308
3 Seed Certification
Accessories
11 10 10 10 10 51
Total 787 414 328 381 307 2217
The overall budget requirement for Seed Certification Sector is Rs. 2,217 lakhs. The
details of financial requirement for five years are presented in above Table 3.44.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.6 Infrastructure Requirement for Animal Husbandry Sector
3.6.1 Establishment of livestock farms and poultry industry
Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also called factory
farming, is a modern form of intensive farming that refers to the keeping of livestock, such as
cattle and poultry at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of
animal agriculture. The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human
consumption. Confinement at high stocking density is one part of a systematic effort to
produce the highest output at the lowest cost by relying on economies of scale, modern
machinery, biotechnology and global trade. Livestock industry continues to demonstrate a
beneficial impact on rural people by improving their income, employment and consumption
and thereby acting as a potential tool in alleviating rural poverty. The livestock population is
expected to grow at the rate of 0.55 per cent in the coming years and the population is likely
to be around 781 million by 2050. However, the productivity of animals is of 20-60 per cent
lower than the global average due to improper nutrition, inadequate health care and
management. Hence in Tamil Nadu State, the establishment of dairy farms; piggery units;
buffalo dairy units; goattery unit; integrated farming units; model farms; mini dairy units;
cattle shed; poultry shed; farm road and development of poultry broiler industry need to be
intensified with a budget overlay of Rs. 30,614 lakhs (Table 3.45).
3.6.2 Establishment of cattle feed production units
Fodder scarcity and poor quality of available fodder are the major constraints in
increasing livestock productivity. Enhancing the production of livestock is absolutely
essential. The production cost of cattle feed coupled with erratic supply of green fodder due
to frequent drought condition aggravate the situation. In order to achieve the projected
demand for fodder, it is necessary to bring more area under high yielding fodder crops for
which quality seeds of improved variety is the pre-requisite. Besides, emphasis has to be
laid on optimum utilization of wasteland to grow fodder. Establishment of Azolla plots;
Hydroponics fodder production unit; Fodder seed bank; Cattle feed manufacturing unit;
Mineral mixture plant; silo; rural herbal nursery units for SHG women; solar powered units;
Seed Godown and Production of fodder seed testing unit - Chilling centres are suggested
for enhancing the activities of animal husbandry sector in Tamil Nadu State with an overall
budget of Rs. 3,023 lakhs. The number of units required for establishing the cattle feed
production units in various districts are presented in Table 3.46.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of dairy farms @ Rs 70,000/unit
Thoothukudi 20 14 20 14 20 14 20 14 20 14 100 70
Dindigul 20 14 20 14
Sub total 40 28 20 14 20 14 20 14 20 14 120 84
Establishment of Piggery units @ Rs 36,000/unit
Thoothukudi 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 9
Virudhunagar 15 5 15 5
Sub total 20 7 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 40 15
Buffalo dairy units @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 1 5 0 0 0 25 113 26 118
Coimbatore 7 32 7 32 7 32 7 32 8 36 36 164
Cuddalore 0 0 4 18 0 173 779 177 797
Erode 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Karur 0 0 0 173 779 0 173 779
Trichy 0 173 779 0 0 0 173 779
Pudukkottai 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779
Thanjavur 0 0 173 779 0 0 173 779
Kancheepuram 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779
Nagapattinam 4 18 7 32 7 32 9 41 9 41 36 164
Dharmapuri 0 173 779 0 0 0 173 779
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 173 779 0 173 779
Thoothukudi 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779
Salem 0 0 173 779 0 0 173 779
Madurai 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779
Trichy 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
157
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Virudhunagar 2 9 7 32 16 72 15 68 173 779 213 960
Villupuram 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Dindigul 12 54 12 54 12 54 12 54 12 54 60 270
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Krishnagiri 11 50 11 50 11 50 11 50 184 828 228 1028
Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Namakkal 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Thiruvarur 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Thiruvallur 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779
Sub total 902 4063 390 1758 403 1816 400 1803 2314 10420 4409 19860
Establishment of goattery unit @ Rs 20000/unit
Nagapattinam 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 2500 500
Development of poultry Broiler industry @ Rs 1.88 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 250 470
Establishment of
integrated farming
units in Theni District
Theni 28 28 28 28 28 140
158
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of model
farm to conserve the
Trichy black
Trichy 10 10 10 10 10 0 50
Thanjavur 230 230
Theni 2 2 2 2 2 10
Sub total 12 242 12 12 12 290
Mini Dairy units @ Rs
1.52 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 39 59 45 68 50 76 55 84 60 91 249 378
Nagapattinam 12 18 0 0 0 0 12 18
Dharmapuri 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 1140 1735
Ramanathapuram 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 575 875
Sivagangai 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 750 1140
Dindigul 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 1265 1925
Tiruvannamalai 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 500 760
Krishnagiri 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4
Tiruppur 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 150 230
Sub total 928 1412 922 1403 926 1409 931 1417 936 1424 4643 7065
Cattle shed (445 sq feet) @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit
325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 1625 2030
Poultry shed @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit
2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 10 60
Farm Road (metal road) @ Rs 10 lakhs/km
Pudukkottai 10 100 10 100
Sub total 6262 4059 3893 3888 12512 30614
159
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units (Contd.,)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of goattery unit @ Rs 20000/unit
Nagapattinam 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 2500 500
Development of poultry Broiler industry @ Rs 1.88 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 250 470
Establishment of integrated farming units in Theni District
Theni 28 28 28 28 28 140
Establishment of model farm to conserve the Trichy black
Trichy 10 10 10 10 10 0 50
Thanjavur 230 230
Theni 2 2 2 2 2 10
Sub total 12 242 12 12 12 290
Mini Dairy units @ Rs 1.52 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 39 59 45 68 50 76 55 84 60 91 249 378
Nagapattinam 12 18 0 0 0 0 12 18
Dharmapuri 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 1140 1735
Ramanathapuram 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 575 875
Sivagangai 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 750 1140
Dindigul 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 1265 1925
Tiruvannamalai 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 500 760
Krishnagiri 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4
Tiruppur 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 150 230
Sub total 928 1412 922 1403 926 1409 931 1417 936 1424 4643 7065
Cattle shed (445 sq feet) @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit
325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 1625 2030
Poultry shed @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit
2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 10 60
Farm Road (metal road) @ Rs 10 lakhs/km
Pudukkottai 10 100 10 100
Grand total 6262 4059 3893 3888 12512 30614
160
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.46 Establishment of Cattle Feed Production Units (₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Azolla plots @ Rs 3500/unit
Coimbatore 114 4 114 4 142 5 142 5 171 6 683 24
Cuddalore 57 2 57 2 57 2 57 2 57 2 285 10
Pudukkottai 142 5 228 8 142 5 142 5 142 5 796 28
Nagapattinam 285 10 285 10 285 10 285 10 285 10 1425 50
Ramanathapuram 85 3 85 3 85 3 85 3 85 3 425 15
Salem 285 10 314 11 342 12 371 13 428 15 1740 61
Madurai 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 570 20
Virudhunagar 142 5 140 5 285 10 428 15 371 13 1366 48
Villupuram 342 12 342 12 342 12 342 12 342 12 1710 60
Dindigul 160 6 160 6 160 6 160 6 160 6 800 30
Thiruvannamalai 500 18 500 18 500 18 500 18 500 18 2500 90
Krishnagiri 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 570 20
Tiruppur 314 11 314 11 314 11 314 11 314 11 1570 55
Tiruvallur 28 1 28 1 28 1 28 1 28 1 140 5
Sub total 2682 95 2795 99 2910 103 3082 109 3111 110 14580 516
Hydroponics fodder production unit @ Rs 3 lakhs/unit
Karur 3 9 3 10 3 9 4 12 4 12 17 55
Kancheepuram 27 81 27 82
The Nilgiris 160 479 160 479
Sub total 30 90 163 489 3 9 4 12 4 12 204 612
Fodder seed bank @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit
Salem 20 40 22 44 24 48 26 52 29 58 121 242
Sivagangai 290 580 290 580
Krishnagiri 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 150 300
Sub total 50 100 52 104 54 108 56 112 349 698 561 1122
161
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.46 Establishment of Cattle Feed Production Units (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Cattle feed manufacturing unit @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Trichy 1 50 1 50
Mineral mixture plant @ Rs 1 lakh/unit
Trichy 30 30 30 30
Thiruvannamalai 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 35 35
Sub total 37 37 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 65 65
Production of fodder seed testing unit and Chilling centres @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit
Thanjavur 2 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40
Establishing 6x6x4 feet silo @ Rs 50000/unit
Thanjavur 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25
Vellore 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 500 250
Krishnagiri 25 12.5 25 12.5 25 12.5 25 12.5 25 12.5 125 63
Sub total 135 68 135 68 135 68 135 68 135 68 675 338
Establishing rural herbal nursery units for SHG women and solar powered units @ Rs 3000/unit
Thanjavur 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 250 10
Thoothukudi 15 0 15 0.45
Madurai 200 6 200 6 200 6 200 6 200 6 1000 30
Sub total 265 8 250 8 250 8 250 8 250 8 1265 40
Godown @ Rs 40 lakhs/unit
PudukkottaI 1 40 1 40
Seed godown @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit
Salem 4 100 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 200
Grand total 628 875 303 316 903 3023
162
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.6.3 Production of organic manure
The vision of organic agriculture in India has necessitated to recognize the need to
change in farming system approach and initiated program to promote organic farming in a
big way. The Network Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) for promotion of organic farming
and the National Program for Organic Production (NPOP) to provide institutional mechanism
for implementation of National Standards for organic cultivation and accreditation of
certification agencies and inspecting agencies would pave way for the production and
distribution of quality and safe food and also help in protecting the environmental
degradation owing to indiscriminate use of chemicals in crop cultivation.
The diverse climatic region in Tamil Nadu favors cultivation of wide range of crops
under the “organic” system of cultivation. The major focus is to improve the soil fertility and
productivity by encouraging biological cycles within the farming systems by involving micro-
organisms, soil flora and fauna, plants and animals etc. The overall budget of Rs. 541 lakhs
allocated to undertake the various interventions like establishment of Vermicomposting units
at Coimbatore, Pudukkottai, Nagapattinam, Sivagangai, Kanyakumari, Villupuram, Dindigul
and Tiruppur districts; and disposal pits for poultry unit at Coimbatore, Dindigul and
Krishnagiri districts are shown in Table 3.47.
3.6.4 Propagation of drip / micro irrigation
With increasing demand on water from various sectors, the availability of water is
under severe stress. Agriculture sector is the largest use of water. While irrigation projects
(Major and medium) have contributed to the development of water resources, conventional
methods of irrigation are inefficient and lead to wastage of water. It has been recognized
that the use of modern irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler irrigation are the ways for
the efficient use of surface as well as ground water resources. A scientific method of
irrigation viz., Sinking of new Bore wells with submersible motor EB, Pump room and pipe
line arrangements, Open wells (LS), Providing surface level tank (200000 lit capacity) and
Farm ponds in Pudukkottai district; and Sprinklers in Salem and Villupuram districts were
targeted with an overall budget of Rs. 285 lakhs (Table 3.48).
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Table 3.47 Production of Organic Manure
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total I
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Vermicomposting unit @ Rs 50,000/unit
Coimbatore 4 2 4 2 6 3 6 3 8 4 28 14
Pudukkottai 6 3 6 3 0 0 0 12 6
Nagapattinam 66 33 66 33 66 33 66 33 66 33 330 165
Sivagangai 16 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 80 40
Kanyakumari 0 0 10 5 6 3 6 3 12 6 34 17
Villupuram 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 160 80
Dindigul 34 17 34 17 34 17 34 17 34 17 170 85
Tiruppur 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 130 65
Sub total 184 92 194 97 186 93 186 93 194 97 944 472
Establishment of disposal pits for poultry unit @ Rs 3,000/unit
Coimbatore 260 7.8 260 7.8 260 7.8 260 7.8 260 7.8 1300 39
Dindigul 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 500 15
Krishnagiri 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 500 13
Sub total 460 13.8 460 13.8 460 13.8 460 13.8 460 13.8 2300 69
Grand total 105 110 106 106 110 541
164
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.48 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Sinking of new Bore wells (8‟ DIA,
1000‟ Depth) with submersible
motor, EB, Pump room and pipe
line arrangements @ Rs 10
lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50
Open wells (LS) @ Rs 8 lakhs/unit Pudukkottai 1 8 2 16 1 8 1 8 0 0 5 40
Providing surface level
tank(200000 lit capacity) @ Rs 30
lakhs/ unit
Pudukkottai 1 30 1 30 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90
Sprinklers Salem 19 75 19 75
Villupuram 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 20
Farm ponds @ Rs.2 lakhs/ unit Pudukkottai 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 10
Grand total 129 62 54 24 16 285
165
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.6.5 Strengthening of breeding units
Artificial insemination (AI) has proven to be very effective for the improvement of the
genetic potential of animals for higher production and there is no surprise why today AI is
the back bone of all breeding programmes in India. In commercial dairy production, over
80% of all the cattle are now bred artificially. A large proportion of the success is due to
improvement of the genetic potential of dairy cattle through use of outstanding sires by
artificial insemination. The entire gamut of activities and processes involved in semen
production, processing, storage and distribution will be modernized to improve the efficiency
of the AI programme. Departmental Farms will also be strengthened to act as ET hubs to
revamp the frozen semen production, processing, storage and distribution. Strengthening of
breeding inputs (infra, instrument, equipment and vehicle) in Coimbatore, Thanjavur,
Nagapattinam, Villupuram and Tiruppur districts; Establishment of Semen Bank in Salem;
and establishment of Frozen Semen Bank at Veterinary College and Research Institute, and
Bovine Infertility Diagnostic and Training Centre with special reference to Buffaloes in
Namakkal were proposed at an overall budget of Rs. 2,576 lakhs. The details of district-wise
budget split-up are shown in Table 3.49.
3.6.6 Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services
Veterinary services need to be delivered following "Good Veterinary practices" and
“Good Animal Husbandry Practices” for which, minimum infrastructure like proper building,
necessary equipments, furniture, etc., should be available. The advances in the field of
Veterinary profession can be disseminated more effectively in an efficient, user friendly
environment for the ultimate benefit of the farmers. Improved infrastructure facilities will
provide improved veterinary services contributing to reduction in the incidences of animal
diseases thereby increasing the overall productivity of animal wealth.
The Rural Veterinary Dispensaries and Veterinary Institutions are either functioning
from rented premises or in dilapidated buildings do not satisfy the requirement and with a
restricted scope for further expansion, these are not ideal infrastructure. This necessitates
strengthening the infrastructure of the veterinary institutions to offer better delivery of
services and to reshape itself into knowledge resource centers where best practices are
being disseminated to the farmers. By this the State‟s impressive cross bred cattle gene
pool can be favorably exploited for increased egg, meat and milk production. It is proposed
build facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services with an overall budget of
Rs. 4,200 lakhs in almost all the districts of Tamil Nadu (Table 3.50).
166
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.49 Strengthening of Breeding Units
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Strengthening of breeding inputs (infra, instrument, equipment and vehicle)
Coimbatore 10 25 10 30 10 30 10 32 10 24 50 141
Thanjavur 1 595 0 0 1 420 0 0 0 0 2 1015
Nagapattinam 2 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40
Villupuram 1 50 50 50 50 50 1 250
Tiruppur 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 100 30
Sub total 716 86 506 88 80 1476
Establishment of Semen Bank @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Salem 2 100 3 150 4 200 3 150 2 100 14 700
Establishment of Frozen Semen Bank at Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Namakkal 4 200 4 200
Establishment of Bovine Infertility Diagnostic and Training Centre with special reference to Buffaloes @ Rs 200 lakhs/unit
Namakkal 1 200 1 200
Grand total 1216 236 706 238 180 2576
167
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.50 Provision of Facilities for Improved Delivery of Veterinary Services (₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 1 50 1 50
Coimbatore 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150
Cuddalore 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150
Erode 2 100 2 100
Karur 1 50 1 50
Trichy 1 50 1 50
Pudukkottai 1 50 1 50 2 100 2 100 6 300
Thanjavur 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150
Kancheepuram 1 50 1 50 2 100
Nagapattinam 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 10 500
Dharmapuri 1 50 1 50 2 100
Thoothukudi 1 50 1 50
Salem 4 200 4 200 7 350 3 150 3 150 21 1050
Madurai 1 50 1 1 50 3 100
Trichy 1 50 1 50
Vellore 1 50 1 50
Sivagangai 1 50 1 50
Kanyakumari 1 50 1 50
Virudhunagar 1 50 1 50 2 100
Villupuram 1 50 1 50
Dindigul 3 150 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 11 550
Tiruvannamalai 1 50 1 50
Theni 1 50 1 50
Krishnagiri 1 50 1 50
Tiruppur 1 50 1 50
Namakkal 1 50 1 50
Thiruvarur 1 50 1 50
Tirunelveli 1 50 1 50
Tiruvallur 1 50 1 50
Grand total 1450 800 750 600 600 4200
168
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.6.7 Strengthening infrastructure facilities in veterinary health institutions and dairy
units
Providing proper infrastructure and equipment to the veterinary health care
institutions is necessary for the timely diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Further a
strong program for the supply of sufficient veterinary vaccine is imperative. Each veterinary
health care institution is to be provided with cold storage facilities to store vaccine.
Sensitization of the general public and livestock farmers on various livestock diseases
through information, education and communication campaign would help in educating the
people about animal diseases. Similarly strengthening of veterinary institution, livestock
farm, and modernization of dairy units and conduct of health camps are suggested for
enhancing the activities of animal husbandry sector. Building to veterinary institution/Quality
Assurance Lab; Modernization of Chilled Water System, Process Equipments and
Expansion of Butter and SMP Godowns with Security Measures around the boundary of
Dairy at Krishnagiri district; strengthening infrastructure for production of Ultra Heat
Treatment (UHT) milk and related products; Creation of facilities at Vellore dairy for value
addition of milk procured from farmers; Strengthening of Extension Services; Upgradation of
Bacterial Vaccines Production Laboratory to GMP Standard at IVPM, Ranipet; Mobile
medical ambulance; Mobile input units; Storage godown for liquid nitrogen at Cattle
Breeding fodder Development, Uppidamangalam, Karur; Provision of separate Post Mortem
Room; and Construction of Dead bird Disposal pit are proposed in various districts at an
overall budget of Rs.17,059 lakhs Table 3.51.
3.6.8 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services
Livestock productivity is dependent on effective health management. An all-
encompassing approach covering vaccine production, sero-surveillance, vaccination,
biosecurity, disease diagnosis and appropriate interventions will ensure better livestock
health leading to sustained productivity. The infrastructure viz., starting new hospitals &
dispensaries / sub-Centre etc.; establishment of Solar lighting panels at veterinary
institutions, surgical theatres at veterinary institution, mobile disease diagnostic labs, ASV
lab of GMP standards at IVPM, and Innovation and Instrumentation Centre to fabricate farm
equipment‟s/devices for sustainable livestock farming are proposed at an budget overlay of
Rs. 7,658 lakhs. The details of budget requirement in various districts are shown in Table
3.52.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Providing infrastructure /strengthening- Building to veterinary institution/Quality Assurance Lab @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 5 150
Karur 0 1 30 0 0 0 1 30
Pudukkottai 7 210 2 60 2 60 2 60 2 60 15 450
Thanjavur 3 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 90 6 180
Kancheepuram 1 30 0 0 0 0 1 30
Nagapattinam 2 60 2 60 2 60 2 60 2 60 10 300
Salem 1 30 4 120 1 30 0 0 1 30 7 210
The Nilgiris 2 60 0 0 0 0 2 60
Trichy 1 30 0 0 0 0 1 30
Vellore 3 90 3 90 3 90 3 90 3 90 15 450
Sivagangai 1 30 1 30 4 120 5 150 5 150 16 480
Kanyakumari 8 240 2 60 1 30 1 30 1 30 13 390
Virudhunagar 2 60 0 0 0 0 2 60
Villupuram 13 390 13 390 13 390 13 390 13 390 65 1950
Dindigul 1 30 0 0 0 0 1 30
Tiruppur 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 5 150
Namakkal 0 0 3 90 0 15 450 18 540
Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 28 840 28 840
Sub total 1410 900 930 840 2250 6330
Strengthening of Infrastructure by necessary Modernization of Chilled Water System, Process Equipments and Expansion of Butter and SMP Godowns with Security Measures around the boundary of Dairy at Krishnagiri.
Krishnagiri 5 1581 5 1581
170
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Strengthening infrastructure for production of Ultra Heat Treatment (UHT) milk and related products
Salem 5 1400 3 2752 8 4152
Creation of facilities at Vellore dairy for value addition of milk procured from farmers
Vellore 1 204 1 204
Strengthening of Extension Services @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit
Vellore 2 60 2 60
Upgradation of Bacterial Vaccines Production Laboratory to GMP Standard at IVPM, Ranipet @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit
Vellore 22 450 22 450
Mobile medical ambulance @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 2 100 2 100
Cuddalore 2 100 2 100
Erode 1 50 3 150 1 50 1 50 1 50 7 350
Karur 2 100 2 100
Trichy 3 150 3 150
Pudukkottai 2 100 2 100
Nagapattinam 1 50 0 0 2 100 0 0 3 150 6 300
Dharmapuri 3 150 3 150
Ramanathapuram 3 150 3 150
Thoothukudi 3 150 3 150
Salem 3 150 3 150
Madurai 3 150 3 150
The Nilgiris 3 150 3 150
Trichy 3 150 3 150
171
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Vellore 3 150 3 150
Sivagangai 3 150 3 150
Kanyakumari 3 150 3 150
Virudhunagar 3 150 3 150
Villupuram 3 150 3 150
Dindigul 3 150 3 150
Thiruvannamalai 3 150 3 150
Theni 3 150 3 150
Krishnagiri 3 150 3 150
Tiruppur 3 150 3 150
Thiruvarur 3 150 3 150
Tirunelveli 1 50 1 50
Thiruvallur 0 3 150 3 150
Sub total 19 950 9 450 8 400 7 350 39 1950 82 4100
Mobile input units @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit
Trichy 9 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 54
Vellore 3 18 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 11 66
Sub total 72 12 12 12 12 120
Storage godown for liquid nitrogen at Cattle Breeding fodder Development, Uppidamangalam, Karur
Karur 1 30 1 20 2 50
Provision of separate Post Mortem Room @ 10.00 Lakh /unit (500 Sq.ft)
Erode 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10
Construction of Dead bird Disposal pit @ Rs.2.00 Lakhs/unit (10'X6'X8')
Erode 1 2 1 2
Grand total 3934 4338 1792 1202 5793 17059
172
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.52 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services (₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Starting new hospitals & dispensaries / sub-Centre etc. @ Rs 90 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 1 90 0 0 0 0 1 90
Salem 11 990 0 0 0 0 11 990
The Nilgiris 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 10 900
Virudhunagar 1 90 0 0 0 2 180 3 270
Krishnagiri 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 10 900
Tirunelveli 1 90 0 0 0 0 1 90
Sub total 18 1620 4 360 4 360 4 360 6 540 36 3240
Establishment of Solar lighting panels at veterinary institutions @ Rs 7 lakhs/unit
Villupuram 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 5 35
Dindigul 10 70 10 70 10 70 10 70 10 70 50 350
Tiruppur 30 210 30 210 30 210 30 210 30 210 150 1050
Sub total 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 205 1435
Establishment of surgical theatres at veterinary institution @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 12 1 10 5 52
Erode 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100
Pudukkottai 1 10 1 10
Nagapattinam 2 20 1 10 1 10 2 20 1 10 7 70
Ramanathapuram 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 10
Thoothukudi 1 10 1 10
Virudhunagar 1 10 1 10
Villupuram 5 50 5 50 5 50 5 50 5 50 25 250
Dindigul 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50
Tiruppur 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100
Tiruvarur 2 20 2 20
Sub total 19 190 12 120 12 120 13 132 12 120 68 682
173
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Table 3.52 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Mobile Disease Diagnostic Labs @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200
Cuddalore 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20
Erode 1 20 1 20
Thanjavur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20
Kancheepuram 4 80 4 80
Madurai 1 20 1 20
Trichy 1 20 1 20 2 40
Vellore 1 20 1 20
Kanyakumari 1 20 1 20
Villupuram 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 20 400
Tiruvannamalai 1 20 1 20
Tiruppur 1 20 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40
Namakkal 1 20 1 20
Tirunelveli 1 20 4 80 5 100
Sub total 19 380 13 260 7 140 6 120 6 120 51 1020
Establishment of ASV lab of GMP standards at IVPM
Vellore 1 1131 1 1131
Establishment of Innovation and Instrumentation Centre to fabricate farm equipment‟s/ devices for sustainable livestock farming @ Rs 150 lakhs/unit
Kancheepuram 1 150 1 150
Grand total 3758 1027 907 899 1067 7658
174
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.6.9 Establishment of disease diagnostic centers
Animal health care services and prevention of animal diseases is a priority for
maintenance of a healthy livestock for optimum production. Protective and therapeutic
activities of the Animal Husbandry Department are being conducted through various
institutions such as Veterinary Polyclinics, Veterinary Hospitals, Veterinary Dispensaries,
Mobile Veterinary Units and sub-centres. Livestock are economically important and are
affected by many ailments. Delay in diagnosis of these conditions will lead to increase in
loss of productive days, increase in the recovery period and consequent loss of production.
Sometimes, due to inaccurate or delayed diagnosis, loss of life of the animals also results.
In order to avoid these loses to the farmers and to save the life of the animals, it is essential
to provide advanced diagnostic aids to the veterinary institutions. Modern diagnostic aids will
enable the Veterinary Institutions function as “Referral centres” by providing them with
cutting edge technologies/treatments, reduce loss of productivity due to delay in diagnosis
and will significantly reduce infertility among dairy cattle and prevent loss of germplasm.
Establishment of Bovine Infertility Diagnostic and Training Centre with special reference to
Buffaloes in Namakkal; Veterinary Forensic Sciences Laboratory in Kancheepuram;
Vaccination dispensaries in Erode; a “Centre for Poultry Products Certification for freedom
from microbes for Export” in Kancheepuram; and Providing ultrasound scanners CR X ray
unit in every district of Tamil Nadu are proposed at an budget outlay of Rs. 2,275 lakhs
(Table 3.53).
3.6.10 Establishment of mobile veterinary units
Mobile Veterinary Units function with the aim of providing doorstep delivery of
veterinary health services to livestock reared in remote areas. These units headed by
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons, travel around their area of operation on a scheduled
programme. These units are well recognized by the public as services are provided at the
doorsteps of the farmers. Artificial Inseminations have been performed by the Mobile
Veterinary Units. The objectives of these Mobile Veterinary Units are to provide health cover
and veterinary assistance to livestock and poultry at their doorsteps; to conduct preventive
vaccinations and control measures against outbreak of contagious diseases; to conduct
mass deworming of livestock in order to protect them from parasitic infestations; to
undertake artificial insemination on cows and she-buffaloes; and to provide advisory
services to livestock farmers on best practices. A budget outlay of Rs. 9,000 lakhs in various
districts of Tamil Nadu is proposed (Table 3.54).
175
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Table 3.53 Establishment of Disease Diagnostic Centers
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Veterinary Forensic Sciences Laboratory
Kancheepuram 1 154 1 154
Vaccination dispensaries @ Rs 2.39 lakhs/unit
Erode 10 24 10 24
Establishment of a “Centre for Poultry Products Certification for freedom from microbes for Export”
Kancheepuram 2 145 2 145
Providing ultrasound scanners CR X ray unit @ Rs 8 lakhs /unit
Coimbatore 2 16 3 24 5 40 2 16 2 16 14 112
Cuddalore 4 32 4 32
Erode 6 48 7 56 2 16 2 16 2 16 19 152
Karur 2 16 2 16
Pudukkottai 6 48 6 48
Kancheepuram 6 48 6 48
Nagapattinam 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 25 200
Dharmapuri 4 32 4 32
Ramanathapuram 2 16 2 16
Thoothukudi 4 32 4 32
Salem 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 25 200
Madurai 2 16 2 16
The Nilgiris 4 32 4 32
176
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Table 3.53 Establishment of Disease Diagnostic Centers (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Trichy 2 16 2 16
Vellore 6 48 6 48
Sivagangai 4 32 4 32
Virudhunagar 3 24 4 32 7 56 6 48 6 48 26 208
Villupuram 6 48 4 32 5 40 3 24 7 56 25 200
Dindigul 2 16 3 24 2 16 5 40 2 16 14 112
Thiruvannamalai 4 32 4 32
Krishnagiri 6 48 2 16 2 16 2 16 2 16 14 112
Tiruppur 3 24 3 24 2 16 2 16 2 16 12 96
Namakkal 12 96 12 96
Thiruvarur 4 32 4 32
Tirunelveli 4 32 4 32
Grand total 825 352 280 304 514 2275
177
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Table 3.54 Establishment of Mobile Veterinary Units
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Mobile verterinary units
Rs 25 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 3 75 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 100
Coimbatore 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 10 250
Cuddalore 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Erode 1 25 1 25 0 0 0 2 50
Karur 0 1 25 0 0 0 1 25
Pudukkottai 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Thanjavur 11 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 275
Kancheepuram 0 0 0 1 25 0 1 25
Nagapattinam 12 300 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 16 400
Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 1 25 1 25
Thoothukudi 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 25
Salem 25 625 25 625 50 1250 50 1250 25 625 175 4375
Madurai 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Trichy 6 150 1 25 0 0 0 7 175
Vellore 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 2 50 6 150
Sivagangai 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Virudhunagar 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 5 125
Villupuram 9 225 9 225 9 225 9 225 9 225 45 1125
Dindigul 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 30 750
Theni 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Krishnagiri 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 10 250
Tiruppur 1 25 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 50
Namakkal 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 25 625
Thiruvarur 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Tirunelveli 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Thiruvallur 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25
Grand total 93 2325 57 1425 78 1950 78 1950 54 1350 360 9000
178
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.6.11 Establishment of milk processing units
In Tamil Nadu, milk group contributes more than 43% share in value of output from
livestock sector. The major quantity of milk is procured from farmers who rear cattle in the
villages. From the milk produced by small and marginal farmers, a small quantity is sold
locally and the remaining quantity is collected by societies. The milk thus collected is
transported in cans to nearby bulk milk cooling units, where milk is chilled instantly to a
temperature of 40 C and kept in an insulated tank to avoid temperature loss. The raw chilled
milk is again transported to district union dairies through insulated road milk tankers and
processed. The milk required for local sale is homogenized, standardized, packed in
sachets and sold locally. The milk procured over and above the quantity at particular point of
time is sent to Feeder Balancing Dairies (FBDs) for conversion into milk products such as
Skimmed Milk Powder (SMP) and butter. Some of the strategies to be followed to achieve a
higher and quality milk production are provision of Infrastructure milk analyzer to milk
producers‟ cooperative societies; bulk milk coolers for clean milk production, modernization
of laboratory and addition of product manufacturing facilities; milk chilling plant; drying yard;
establishment of “State Level Food Processing Training Centre (FPTC)” at College of Food
and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli; establishment butter deep freezer; establishment of Khoa
processing unit; establishment of flavored milk processing unit; value added milk products
processing units; and establishment of butter packing facilities. A budget overlay of
Rs. 5,259 lakhs is proposed (Table 3.55).
3.6.12 Strengthening extension facilities
Impetus is being given for providing better need based extension services to the rural
farmers. Latest extension methods with judicious use of audio-visual aids, online veterinary
services with maximum utility of latest electronic aids are ensured. The concept of
strengthening the extension services has to be undertaken. A separate extension wing
needs to be formed at the block level and it will be on mobile, provided with extension
inputs, chalk out a routine tour programme, villages visit, conduct field level meeting, regular
follow up etc., and officers will be calibrated based on the level of adoption by the target
villages and farmers. Establishment of "Farmers Resource Centre" at Cattle Breeding and
Fodder Development; Mobile E-extension units for awareness campaign; Farmer Training
Hall / Centre and Strengthening of University peripheral centers and developing training
modules were proposed in various districts at an overall cost of Rs. 1,169 lakhs
(Table 3.56).
179
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Table 3.55 Establishment of Milk Processing Units
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Infrastructure development by providing milk analyzer to milk producers‟ cooperative societies @ Rs 15 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 1 15 4 60 5 75
Erode 4 60 1 15 5 75
Thanjavur 1 15 1 15
Kancheepuram 1 15 1 15
Dharmapuri 3 45 3 45
Salem 13 195 10 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 345
Madurai 2 30 2 30
Trichy 6 90 2 30 8 120
Vellore 5 75 5 75
Sivagangai 1 15 1 15
Kanyakumari 1 15 1 15
Virudhunagar 1 15 1 15
Villupuram 2 30 2 30
Dindigul 1 15 1 15
Tirunelveli 1 15 1 15
Sub total 570 315 15 0 0 60 900
Bulk Milk Coolers for clean milk production, modernization of laboratory and addition of product manufacturing facilities @ Rs 60 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 7 420 7 420
Erode 0 1 60 1 60
Trichy 2 120 2 120 2 120 2 120 2 120 10 600
Thanjavur 3 180 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 240
Salem 2 120 2 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 240
Trichy 2 120 2 120
Sivagangai 1 60 1 60
Dindigul 1 60 1 60
Namakkal 0 5 300 5 300
Sub total 18 1080 6 360 2 120 2 120 7 420 35 2100
180
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Table 3.55 Establishment of Milk Processing Units (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Milk chilling plant @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Nagapattinam 10 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 500
Namakkal 0 5 250 5 250
Sub total 500 0 0 0 250 750
Drying yard @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit Pudukkottai 2 8 2 8
Establishment of “State Level Food Processing Training Centre (FPTC)” at College of Food and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli
Thiruvallur 1 195 1 195
Establishment butter deep freezer
Erode, Salem and Ambattur
3 260 3 260
Establishment of palgova processing unit @ Rs 2.5 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 15 40
Establishment of favoured milk processing unit @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 10 15
Value added milk products processing units @ Rs 1.5 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 10 15
Establishment of butter packing facilities
Erode 1 976 1 976
Grand total 3603 689 149 134 684 5259
181
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.56 Strengthening Extension Facilities
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of "FARMERS RESOURCE CENTRE" at Cattle Breeding and Fodder Development @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit
Kanyakumari 1 30 1 30
Virudhunagar 1 30 1 30 1 30 3 90
Sub total 60 30 30 0 0 120
Establishment of mobile E- extension units for awareness campaign @ Rs. 20 lakhs per unit
1 20 1 20 1 22 1 23 1 25 5 110
Farmer Training Hall/Centre @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Karur 1 50 1 50
Pudukkottai 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 10 500
Thanjavur 2 100 2 100
Sivagangai 1 50 1 50
Sub total 300 100 100 100 100 700
Strengthening of University peripheral centers and developing training modules
Thiruvallur 3 239 3 239
Grand total 380 389 152 123 125 1169
182
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.6.13 Machineries and implements in animal husbandry
Mechanization encourages large scale production and improves the quality of farm
produce. It ensures reduction of drudgery associated with variety of farm operation and also
encourages the utilization of input and thereby harnessing the potential of available
resources. Provision of power operated machineries and tools including power operated
saw and plant protection equipments, power machines with rotavator / equipment, power
machines including accessories and equipment would strengthen the infrastructural
facilities. Similarly, modernization of dairy units is also suggested for enhancing the activities
of animal husbandry sector. Keeping above facts in mind, the components like Milking
machines to Dairy Farmers; Automatic milk collection unit; Sparrow wheel to Dairy Farmers;
Chaff cutter; Grass cutter/brush cutter - Power operated; Feed mixing unit; Vaccination
carrier; TRAVIS for Veterinary Dispensaries; Electric sterilizer; Rain gun; 55 HP Tractor with
accessories; Mini Tractor 14 HP with all accessories; Power chain saw; Tractor Operated
Reaper cum Binder; Hydroponic Fodder Production unit; 7.5 HP Submergible motor with all
accessories; Farm Generator; and Brooding cage for desi birds were proposed for
implementation of machineries in animal husbandry sector. The budget outlay
(Rs. 15,282 lakhs) for various interventions are presented in Table 3.57.
The total budget requirement for providing various infrastructures for Animal
Husbandry and Dairy Development is Rs. 98,941 lakhs. The components wise financial
requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.58.
183
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Table 3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Milking machines to Dairy Farmers Rs 20000/unit
Coimbatore 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 500 100
Cuddalore 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 400 80
Karur 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 500 100
Thanjavur 50 10 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 150 30
Dharmapuri 295 59 295 59 295 59 295 59 295 59 1475 295
Salem 400 80 400 80 400 80 400 80 400 80 2000 400
The Nilgiris 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 250 50
Trichy 70 14 70 14 70 14 70 14 70 14 350 70
Thiruvannamalai 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 250 50
Tiruppur 90 18 90 18 90 18 90 18 90 18 450 90
Namakkal 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 150 30
Sub total 1315 263 1290 258 1290 258 1290 258 1290 258 6475 1295
Automatic milk collection unit with accessories Rs 1.25 lakhs /unit
Salem 40 50 40 50
Sub total 40 50 40 50
Sparrow wheel to Dairy Farmers Rs 400/unit
Coimbatore 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 12500 50
Tiruppur 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 12500 50
Sub total 5000 20 5000 20 5000 20 5000 20 5000 20 25000 100
Chaff cutter Rs 20000/unit Cuddalore 65 13 70 14 75 15 80 16 85 17 375 75
Erode 575 115 575 115 575 115 575 115 575 115 2875 575
Karur 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 500 100
Pudukkottai 45 9 45 9 45 9 45 9 45 9 225 45
184
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Table 3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thanjavur 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 250 50
Nagapattinam 750 150 750 150 750 150 750 150 750 150 3750 750
Dharmapuri 395 79 395 79 395 79 395 79 395 79 1975 395
Ramanathapuram 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 125 25
Salem 1305 261 1305 261 1305 261 1305 261 1305 261 6525 1305
Madurai 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 50 10
The Nilgiris 40 8 40 8 40 8 40 8 40 8 200 40
Vellore 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 1000 200
Virudhunagar 60 12 60 12 60 12 60 12 40 8 280 56
Villupuram 132 26 132 26 132 26 132 26 132 26 660 130
Dindigul 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 1000 200
Thiruvannamalai 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 500 100
Krishnagiri 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 250 50
Tiruppur 300 60 300 60 300 60 300 60 300 60 1500 300
Namakkal 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 150 30
Thiruvarur 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 100 20
Thiruvallur 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 50 10
Sub total 4462 892 4467 893 4472 894 4477 895 4462 892 22340 4466
Grass cutter/brush cutter – Power operated Rs 30000/unit
Cuddalore 65 20 70 21 75 23 80 24 85 26 375 114
Karur 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 500 150
Pudukkottai 5 2 0 0 0 0 5 2
Nagapattinam 500 150 500 150 500 150 500 150 500 150 2500 750
Dharmapuri 132 40 132 40 132 40 132 40 132 40 660 200
Ramanathapuram 66 20 66 20 66 20 66 20 66 20 330 100
185
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Salem 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 5000 1500
Madurai 22 7 22 7 22 7 22 7 22 7 110 35
Virudhunagar 60 18 60 18 60 18 60 18 60 18 300 90
Villupuram 106 32 106 32 106 32 106 32 106 32 530 160
Dindigul 70 21 70 21 70 21 70 21 70 21 350 105
Thiruvannamalai 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 100 30
Tiruppur 120 36 120 36 120 36 120 36 120 36 600 180
Thiruvarur 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 100 30
Sub total 2286 688 2286 687 2291 689 2296 690 2301 692 11460 3446
Feed mixing unit Rs 7 lakhs/unit
Dharmapuri 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 205 1435
Vaccination carrier Rs 20000/unit
Erode 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 0
TRAVIS for Veterinary Dispensaries Rs 10000/unit
Erode 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 100 10
Electric sterilizer Rs 20000/unit
Erode 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 0
Rain gun Rs 25000/unit Karur 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
Pudukkottai 60 15 60 15 60 15 60 15 60 15 300 75
Nagapattinam 600 150 600 150 600 150 600 150 600 150 3000 750
Dharmapuri 295 74 295 74 295 74 295 74 295 74 1475 370
Ramanathapuram 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 250 65
Thoothukudi 30 8 30 8 30 8 30 8 30 8 150 40
Salem 1000 250 1000 250 1000 250 1000 250 1000 250 5000 1250
Madurai 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
186
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Table 3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry (Contd…)
Interventions Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Virudhunagar 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
Villupuram 181 45 181 45 181 45 181 45 181 45 905 225
Dindigul 140 35 140 35 140 35 140 35 140 35 700 175
Thiruvannamalai 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
Krishnagiri 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125
Tiruppur 250 63 250 63 250 63 250 63 250 63 1250 315
Sub total 3106 778 3106 778 3106 778 3106 778 3106 778 15530 3890
55 HP Tractor with accessories Rs 15 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 2 30 2 30
Sub total 2 30 2 30
Mini Tractor 14 HP with all accessories Rs 6 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 1 6 1 6
Villupuram 6 6 6 6 6 0 30
Sub total 1 12 6 6 6 6 36
Power chain saw Rs 12000/unit
Pudukkottai 2 0.24 2 0.24
Tractor Operated Reaper cum Binder Rs 3.57 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 2 7 2 7
Hydroponic Fodder Production unit Rs 50 lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 1 50 1 50
7.5 HP Submergible motor with all accessories Rs 40000/unit
Pudukkottai 5 2 5 2
Farm Generator Rs 3.2
lakhs/unit
Pudukkottai 1 3 1 3 2 6
Brooding cage for desi birds Rs 15000/unit
Salem 500 75 500 83 500 91 500 100 500 110 2500 459
Grand Total 3159 3017 3025 3036 3045 15282
187
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.58 Budget for Infrastructure Development in Animal Husbandry Sector
(₹ in lakhs)
S. No Interventions Year
Total I II III IV V
1 Establishment of livestock farms and poultry industry
6262 4059 3893 3888 12512 30614
2 Establishment of cattle feed production units
628 875 303 316 903 3023
3 Production of organic manure
106 111 107 107 111 541
4 Propagation of drip / micro irrigation
129 62 54 24 16 285
5 Strengthening of breeding units
1216 236 706 238 180 2576
6 Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services
1450 800 750 600 600 4200
7 Strengthening infrastructure facilities
3934 4338 1792 1202 5793 17059
8 Establishment of new structures for veterinary services
3758 1027 907 899 1067 7658
9 Establishment of disease diagnostic center‟s
825 352 280 304 514 2275
10 Establishment of mobile veterinary units
2325 1425 1950 1950 1350 9000
11 Establishment of milk processing units
3603 689 149 134 684 5259
12 Strengthening extension facilities
380 389 152 123 125 1169
13 Machineries and implements in animal husbandry
3159 3017 3025 3036 3045 15282
Grand Total 27775 17379 14067 12820 26899 98941
188
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.7 Infrastructure Requirement in Fisheries Sector
3.7.1 Establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs
In Tamil Nadu, almost all the water bodies are dependent on the seasonal
monsoons. Further, water retention period of most of the tanks ranges between four and six
months only. Hence, planning of fish seed production and subsequent stocking in these
tanks in the right time would lead to good fish production. Besides, farmers do not have
storage ponds in their farms and scarcity of farm laborers in villages pose operational
problems in day to day agriculture works. So farmers could be encouraged to do fish culture
in multi-purpose ponds that help in water retention, ground water recharge and irrigating
agriculture crops. The farmers are also showing greater acceptance and interest for carrying
out fish culture in the multipurpose farm pond and they are benefitted additionally through
the income from fisheries activity. Hence the intervention is to encourage the farmers to
create new ponds which could serve as a multi-purpose pond and also for fish culture
simultaneously.
These multi-purpose farm ponds excavated in the land of small and marginal farms
can be utilized for fish culture, conservation, critical Irrigation, horticulture and plantation to
improve their livelihood status. The construction of Multi Purpose Farm Ponds can be taken
up under MGNREGS. The suitable site for multi-purpose farm pond can be done and input
subsidy assistance for fish seed, feed cost and harvesting material for fish seed rearing and
fish culture in farm ponds to small and marginal farmers may also be provided. The selected
beneficiaries will be given training on fish culture activity. The budget requirement for
establishing fish culture ponds and provision of input is Rs. 8.53 crores. The physical and
financial requirement of establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs in district
wise are furnished in Table 3.59.
189
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.59 Establishment of Fish Culture Ponds and Provision of Inputs
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/ha
Ariyalur 10 45 0 0 0 0 10 45
Coimbatore 2 9 2 9 4 18
Cuddalore 5 23 5 23 10 45 12 54 15 68 47 213
Erode 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Karur 1 5 1 5
Perambalur 1 5 1 5
Pudukkottai 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 10 45
Thanjavur 0 0 5 23 5 23 5 23 5 23 20 92
Kancheepuram 2 9 2 9
Nagapattinam 5 23 5 23 2 9 2 9 2 9 16 73
Dharmapuri 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 10
Thoothukudi 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25
Salem 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 10
Madurai 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Trichy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5
Sivagangai 1 5 2 9 1 5 1 5 0 0 5 24
Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5
Villupuram 25 113 10 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 158
Theni 1 5 1 5 2 10
Tiruvarur 5 23 5 23
Tirunelveli 2 9 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 6 29
Thiruvallur 2 9 2 9
Grand total 66 302 37 171 24 111 27 125 31 144 185 853
190
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.7.2 Establishment of GIFT farms and provision of inputs
Tilapia is named as the Food Fish of the 21st century and is popularly known as
aquatic chicken. Tilapia occupies lower level food chain which makes the culture economical
and eco friendly. Monosex culture of Tilapia is advantageous as they grow fast and
uniformity in size is generally obtained in a culture pond. The Genetically Improved Farmed
Tilapia (GIFT) has enhanced the culture as well as market potential as it is scientifically
proved to be superior to fresh water carps and would be an ideal candidate for fish culture.
Moreover, GIFT fish has high export potential to USA, African countries and Japan.
Domestic demand also needs to be tapped due to easiness to fillet the fish. Technical
parameters of Tilapia culture includes site selection, pond development, pre and post
stocking operations, stocking, fertilization, feeding, harvest and post harvest operations. The
budget requirement for establishing GIFT farms and provision of inputs is Rs. 6.78 crores.
The district wise physical and financial requirement of establishment of GIFT farms and
provision of inputs are furnished in Table 3.60.
191
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.60 Establishment of GIFT Farms and Provision of Inputs
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of GIFT farms and provision of inputs @ Rs 5.05 lakhs/ha
Ariyalur 5 25 5 25
Coimbatore 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Cuddalore 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Erode 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Pudukkottai 2 10 1 5 2 10 0 0 0 0 5 25
Thanjavur 0 0 10 51 5 25 10 51 5 25 30 152
Kancheepuram 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25
Nagapattinam 10 51 5 25 3 15 5 25 0 0 23 116
Dharmapuri 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Salem 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 4 20
Sivagangai 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 10
Villupuram 0 0 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 8 40
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 2 10 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25
Krishnagiri 1 5 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 9 45
Tiruvarur 0 0 5 25 2 10 5 25 5 25 17 85
Tirunelveli 1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 2 10
Thiruvallur 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Grand total 22 116 33 166 24 125 31 161 21 110 131 678
192
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.7.3 Ornamental fish culture
The ornamental fish keeping is a hobby which is gradually replacing outdoor leisure
activities. The ornamental fish trade has a significant role both as a foreign exchange earner
and as a source of employment. The low production cost and higher returns within a very
short time span, involvement of a wide variety of ornamental organisms, ever growing
demand for fishes both in the domestic and international markets and the scope for
development of new products and accessories to cater to the dynamic needs of the sector
are the major attractions as compared to any other sector.
The state possesses a remarkable history in ornamental fish breeding and can aptly
be termed as the “Ornamental Fish Capital of India” due to its contribution to both domestic
as well as export sector. The state is the prime contributor to the domestic ornamental fish
marketing sector in India and caters ornamental fish right from low valued varieties to high
valued varieties to almost all states in India round the year. Tamil Nadu occupies the second
position in ornamental fish export from India.
Ornamental Fish Culture and Trade in Tamil Nadu especially at Kolathoor village on
the outskirts of Chennai (Red hills, Devenampet etc.) is famous for ornamental fish culture
by small-scale producers. Ornamental fish production, especially women SHGs have
successfully taken up breeding and raising of ornamental fishes so as to earn their
livelihood. On the commercial front, the ornamental fish trade is a growing business with
Chennai and Kolkata turning out to be major production and export centres. The domestic
trade is a mix of medium and small ornamental fish farmers. Ornamental fish culture unit
with Rs. 3.54 crores and establishment of live feed culture unit for ornamental fishes and
fish disease diagnostic Centre with a budget of Rs. 1.26 crores are proposed interventions
for establishment of ornamental fish culture unit with the total budget outlay of Rs. 4.80
crores. The district wise physical and financial requirement of establishment of ornamental
fish culture units are furnished in Table 3.61.
193
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.61 Establishment of Ornamental Fish Culture Unit
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Ornamental fish culture unit @ Rs 3 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6
Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3
Erode 5 15 5 15 6 18 6 18 5 15 27 81
Kancheepuram 0 0 5 15 5 15 5 15 5 15 20 60
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 3
Ramanathapuram 2 6 0 0 2 6 2 6 2 6 8 24
Thoothukudi 0 0 5 15 2 6 2 6 2 6 11 33
Salem 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
Madurai 0 0 5 15 5 15 5 15 0 0 15 45
Sivagangai 0 0 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 4 12
Virudhunagar 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 0 4 12
Theni 0 0 0 0 2 6 2 6 2 6 6 18
Krishnagiri 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 9
Tirunelveli 0 0 5 15 5 15 5 15 0 0 15 45
Sub total 11 33 29 87 31 93 29 87 18 54 118 354
Establishment of live feed culture unit for ornamental fishes and fish disease diagnostic Centre
Kancheepuram 1 125 1 125
Namakkal 1 1 1 1
Sub total 126 0 0 0 0 126
Grand total 159 87 93 87 54 480
194
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.7.4 Marketing of fishes
Fish is the cheapest animal protein available in Tamil Nadu, preferred by all
categories of people irrespective of their economic standard of living. Since fish is a
perishable commodity, its quality should be maintained right from its catch to its
consumption. Otherwise this protein rich food will become unsuitable for consumption.
Improvement in the field of fish marketing using cold chain and modern facilities has to go a
long way. Due to the modernization in selling, the consumer commodities such as fresh
vegetables, fruits, ready to eat foods, meat, chicken, etc., establishment of modern fish
markets is also gaining importance now-a-days. As the required minimum investment in this
area is quiet high, the traditional fish sellers are unable to adopt this modernization in their
business.
TAFCOFED, a State level apex cooperative institution, has proposed to establish
modern hygienic retail fish stalls in different places in Tamil Nadu in order to provide clean,
fresh and ready to cook good quality fish with hygienic packaging to the consumers. The
proposed modern hygienic retail fish stalls will be equipped to provide clean, fresh and
ready to cook good quality fish handled in hygienic manner. The proposed modern hygienic
retail fish stalls will have the facilities such as coolers, display cabin, deep freezer, cutting
table, water facilities and facilities to sell ready to cook and value added fishery products etc.
Interventions needed for establishment of fish markets are establishing modern hygienic fish
stall or fish kiosk, Establishment of Modern Mobile Sea Food Restaurant (TNFDC),
establishment of modern mobile fish marketing vehicles and establishing modern fish
markets with an outlay of Rs. 50.03 crores. The physical and financial requirements of
establishment of fish markets or stall/ kiosk district wise are furnished in Table 3.62.
195
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishing modern hygienic fish stall or fish kiosk @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50
Cuddalore 1 10 1 10 2 20
Erode 1 10 1 10 2 20
Karur 1 10 1 10 2 20
Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 1 10
Kancheepuram 1 10 1 10 1 10 8 80 1 10 12 120
Nagapattinam 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50
Ramanathapuram 1 10 1 10
Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 1 10 1 10 0 0 2 20
Salem 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 3 30
Madurai 1 10 1 10 1 10 2 20 3 30 8 80
The Nilgiris 1 10 1 10 2 20
Trichy 1 10 10 100 10 100 2 20 2 20 25 250
Sivagangai 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 10 2 20
Kanyakumari 1 10 2 20 1 10 1 10 1 10 6 60
Villupuram 1 10 1 10
Dindigul 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 3 30
Theni 0 0 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 3 30
Tiruvarur 1 10 1 10
Tirunelveli 1 10 1 10 1 10 2 20 3 30 8 80
Thiruvallur 1 10 1 10 1 10 3 30
Sub total 16 160 26 260 21 210 19 190 15 150 97 970
196
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk (Contd…)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of Modern Mobile Sea Food Restaurant (TNFDC) @ Rs 5 to 115 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 0 0 1 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 66
Kancheepuram 1 66 1 66 1 66 1 115 0 0 4 313
Madurai 1 66 1 66
The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 66 1 66
Dindigul 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Tirunelveli 0 1 66 1 66
Sub total 3 137 3 198 1 66 1 115 1 66 9 582
Establishment of modern mobile fish marketing vehicles @ Rs 11 lakhs /unit
Coimbatore 1 11 1 11 1 11 3 33
Erode 1 11 1 11 2 22
Karur 1 11 1 11
Pudukkottai 1 11 1 11
Kancheepuram 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 0 0 3 33
Thoothukudi 1 11 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 22
Madurai 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 1 11 4 44
The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 11 2 22
Kanyakumari 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 4 44
Villupuram 1 11 1 11
Dindigul 1 11 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 22
Thiruvannamalai 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 5 55
Theni 1 11 1 11 2 22
Tirunelveli 1 11 0 0 1 11 1 11 1 11 4 44
Thiruvallur 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 5 55
Sub total 14 154 10 110 7 77 5 55 5 55 49 451
197
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk (Contd…)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishing
modern fish
markets @ Rs 50
lakhs/unit
Erode 1 50 1 50 2 100 4 200
Nagapattinam 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150
Ramanathapuram 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 100 6 300
Salem 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 100 6 300
Madurai 5 250 3 150 3 150 1 50 2 100 14 700
Vellore 1 50 1 50 2 100
Sivagangai 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 5 250
Kanyakumari 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 100 1 50 6 300
Virudhunagar 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 0 4 200
Krishnagiri 1 50 1 50 0 0 1 50 1 50 4 200
Namakkal 0 0 0 0 1 50 1 50 0 0 2 100
Thiruvallur 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 4 200
Sub total 14 700 13 650 11 550 10 500 12 600 60 3000
Grand total 1151 1218 903 860 871 5003
198
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3.7.5 Strengthening of infrastructure facilities
Fish have different oxygen tolerance levels and signs exhibited by fish in water with
low oxygen levels as well as remedial measures were provided in addition to the tools that
the mini laboratory should have for measuring oxygen levels. The fish consequently become
more stressed, stop eating and then stop growing. Subsequently, the FCR increases,
diseases may ensue and mortalities occur. It is at this point, when the water quality of the
pond becomes limiting that the pond‟s carrying capacity is said to be attained. Most of the
farmers are not aware of this fact yet it has great economic implications. The staff of the mini
laboratory will be trained on monitoring these parameters with the kits and equip the mini lab
with capacity to monitor other parameters such as; carbon dioxide, conductivity, total
phosphorus, chloride, potassium and others. Renovation / additional area creation of
Government fish farms with Rs. 90.41 crores, Predator Fencing, with Rs. 1.55 crores,
Installation of Artificial Reefs in the Inshore Areas with Rs. 26.01 crores, establishment of
mini lab facilities in Government fish farms with Rs. 1.4 crores, establishing flake ice plants
with Rs. 1.2 crores, fishing harbors and fish landing centers with Rs. 4 crores, integrated
aquaculture unit with Rs. 7.55 crores and establishment of fish feed quality testing
laboratory with Rs. 1.01 crores are proposed interventions with total budget outlay of
Rs. 133.16 crores. The physical and financial requirements for strengthening infrastructure
facilities are presented in Table 3.63.
3.7.6 Infrastructure for fisheries research and development
Establishment of shrimp brood bank with the budget of Rs. 3 crores, strengthening of
Regional stations of Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture with the budget of Rs. 4.11 crores,
establishment of Regional Fisheries Research and Extension Centre with the budget of
Rs. 0.6 crores, establishment of chemical residue monitoring laboratory with the budget of
Rs. 1.4 crores, establishment of post-harvest technology center in College of Fisheries
Engineering with the budget of Rs. 7.12 crores are proposed interventions with the total
budget outlay of Rs. 16.32 crores. The physical and financial requirement of Infrastructure
for fisheries research and development are presented in Table 3.64.
199
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Renovation/additional area
creation of Government
fish farms
Coimbatore 1 100 1 500 1 46 3 646
Erode 1000 6 65 6 600 0 1677
Karur 1 3 1 15 1 30 3 48
Pudukkottai 0 0 1 17 1 30 1 17 0 0 3 64
Thanjavur 1 25 21 92 25 84 50 168 100 335 197 704
Kancheepuram 0 83 1 50 1 100 0 0 0 0 2 233
Nagapattinam 1 10 57 1 67
Salem 0 300 1 337 0 337 1 500 1 400 3 1874
Madurai 150 0 150
The Nilgiris 100 0 100
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 2 0 0 6 4
Kanyakumari 1 8 1 8
Dindigul 0 45 3 3 3 3 0 57
Thiruvannamalai 480 17 0 0 0 0 0 480 0 977
Theni 120 0 120
Krishnagiri 0 0 1 400 0 367 0 0 1 500 2 1267
Tiruppur 59 0 59
Tirunelveli 160 169 200 100 260 0 889
Thiruvallur 1 100 1 100
Sub total 2743 1663 1264 796 2578 9044
Predator Fencing Coimbatore 0 3 77 3 77
Tiruppur 0 3 77 3 77
Sub total 0 0 0 0 6 154 6 154
200
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Installation of Artificial Reefs in the Inshore Areas @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 76 2 50 5 126
Thanjavur 0 0 3 75 2 50 3 75 5 125 13 325
Nagapattinam 8 200 8 200 8 200 8 200 11 275 43 1075
Ramanathapuram 1 25 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 25 3 75
Thoothukudi 0 0 10 250 5 125 2 50 2 50 19 475
Kanyakumari 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 0 0 4 100
Villupuram 0 0 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 4 100
Tiruvarur 3 75 3 75 2 50 1 25 1 25 10 250
Thiruvallur 1 25 1 25 1 25 3 75
Sub total 350 675 525 476 575 2601
Establishment of mini lab facilities in Government fish farms @ Rs 5 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Erode 1 5 2 10 3 15
Karur 1 5 1 5
Thanjavur 0 0 1 5 1 5
Kancheepuram 0 0 1 5 1 5
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5 0 0 2 10
Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5
Salem 1 5 1 5
Madurai 0 0 1 5 1 5
The Nilgiris 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5
Dindigul 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Krishnagiri 1 5 1 5 2 10 1 5 0 0 5 25
Tirunelveli 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20
Thiruvallur 1 5 1 5
Sub total 30 45 25 25 15 140
201
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishing Flake Ice
Plants @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit
Erode 1 20 1 20
Nagapattinam 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 20 0 0 2 40
Salem 1 20 1 20
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 20
Krishnagiri 1 20 1 20
Sub total 60 20 0 40 0 120
Fishing Harbours and fish
landing centers @ Rs 5
lakhs/unit
Thanjavur 0 0 14 70 4 20 4 20 4 20 26 130
Thoothukudi 0 0 14 70 4 20 4 20 4 20 26 130
Tiruvarur 0 0 4 20 4 20 4 20 0 0 12 60
Tirunelveli 0 0 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 16 80
Sub total 0 180 80 80 60 400
Integrated Aquaculture unit Thanjavur 250 253 503
Tiruvarur 253 253
Sub total 503 253 0 0 0 756
Establishment of fish feed
quality testing laboratory
Thoothukudi 101 101
Grand total 3787 2836 1894 1417 3382 13316
202
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.64 Infrastructure for Fisheries Research and Development
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions
Implementing Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of shrimp brood bank @ Rs 100 lakhs/unit
Kanyakumari 1 100 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 2 200
Tirunelveli 1 100 1 100
Sub total 200 0 100 0 0 300
Strengthening of Regional stations of Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture
Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 137
Krishnagiri 0 137 137
Tirunelveli 0 137 137
Sub total 0 0 0 0 411 411
Establishment of Regional Fisheries Research and Extension Centre
Krishnagiri 61 61
Establishment of chemical residue monitoring laboratory
Thoothukudi 140 140
Establishment of post-harvest technology center in College of Fisheries Engineering
Nagapattinam 516 516
Namakkal 25 25
Thiruvallur 179 179
Sub total 319 0 0 0 602 921
Grand total 519 0 100 0 1013 1632
203
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.7.7 Strengthening extension facilities
Ornamental fish keeping and its propagation has been an interesting activity for
many, which provide not only aesthetic pleasure but also financial openings. Indian waters
possess a rich diversity of ornamental fish, with over 100 indigenous varieties, in addition to
a similar number of exotic species that are bred in captivity. In Tamil Nadu, the Western
Ghat region is home to many native varieties of fish.
The ornamental fish species can be grown in backyard type hatcheries which can
provide income to farmers. The development of backyard hatchery units throughout the
state would increase the ornamental fish production on a large scale, breeding and
production of region specific ornamental fish varieties, which would intern help in the growth
of allied sectors in the ornamental fish industry. The earning potential of this sector has
hardly been understood and the same is not being exploited in a technology driven manner.
In Tamil Nadu, several ornamental fish farming has developed in cluster approach. But the
farmers are still not aware of the recent developments in technology. The farmers need to
be sensitized about the best management practices to be adopted in farming. Also they
need proper marketing approach so as to get good economic return.
It is imperative to impart extension training in the fields of motivation, communication
skills, leadership qualities, financial and management skills, fish marketing to complete
equally with the existing network of middlemen and fish traders etc. Hence, it is proposed to
develop this sector of people from bottom up participatory approach. Dissemination of
information on diversified opportunities and improved post harvest practices. Establishment
of district extension and training centers with the budget of Rs. 23.50 crores, establishment
of marine engine and sea safety training centre for the fisher folk with the budget of Rs. 2.21
crores, establishment of seafood knowledge highway with the budget of Rs. 2 crores,
development of a modern fisheries village with the budget of Rs. 0.25 crores, establishment
of Aqua Eco Tourism center with the budget of Rs. 1 crore are proposed interventions with
the total budget outlay of Rs. 28.96 crores. The physical and financial requirement of
strengthening of extension activities are furnished in Table 3.65.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.65 Strengthening of Extension Facilities (₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of District Extension and Training centers @ Rs 50 lakhs /unit
Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50
Erode 0 0 1 50 1 50
Thanjavur 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 0 3 150
Kancheepuram 1 50 14 700 15 750
Nagapattinam 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 4 200
Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50
Thoothukudi 1 50 1 50
Salem 1 50 1 50
Madurai 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50 0 0 2 100
The Nilgiris 1 50 1 50
Vellore 1 50 1 50
Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 1 50
Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50
Villupuram 1 50 1 50
Dindigul 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 2 100
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 0 0 1 50 1 50
Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50
Krishnagiri 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50
Tiruvarur 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 0 3 150
Tirunelveli 1 50 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 4 200
Thiruvallur 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50
Sub total 450 1000 300 400 200 47 2350
205
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.65 Strengthening of Extension Facilities (Contd…)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of
marine engine and
sea safety training
Centre for the fisher
folk
Thoothukudi 221 0 221
Establishment of
Sea food Knowledge
Highway
Thoothukudi 200 0 200
Development of a
Modern Fisheries
village @ Rs 25
lakhs/unit
Tirunelveli 1 25 1 25
Establishment of
Aqua Eco Tourism
center @ Rs 100
lakhs/unit
Kanyakumari 1 100 1 100
Grand total 996 1000 300 400 200 2896
206
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
3.7.8 Machineries and implements for fishing
It has been seen that the process of catching fish from river or pond and taking them
to markets take a long time and it kills freshness of fish. This delay could be minimized with
the help of mopeds vehicle. The transit would also provide them relief from carrying the
basket of fish on their head and keep their catch fresh away from the impact of the sun. The
objective behind making available moped to fishermen is to help them rush their fish in the
market and also take them to doorsteps of the consumer.
Hence it is proposed that Government could provide mopeds to fishermen to help
them rush fresh fish to consumers. The mopeds should be attached with other vending
items like ice box, weighing machine, cutter, knives, torch light etc., as there is great need to
promote the sale of fish in domestic markets. Moreover, infrastructural facilities, especially
fish landing centres and wholesale and retail markets, are inadequate and unhygienic, often
posing serious threats to public health. Quality assurance programmes in the country are
also inadequate to cope with the developments in the industry and the consumer
requirements in the major seafood markets of the world.
Landing centres and fish markets play a vital role with regard to the standard and
value of fisheries products. Yet, often they appear to be „out of sight and out of mind‟ with
poor facilities, little hygiene and inequitable access. Therefore, trainings on fish handling,
hygienic practices and chilling techniques are essential along with basic equipments
including ice boxes for improvement of hygienic fish handling. Fishers using the ice boxes
reported considerable increases in the sales price of their catch as well as significant
reductions in losses and could increase their income by around three times and that this
equipment would quickly pay for itself. In order to increase the safety of the fishermen while
moving to sea, life buoys and life jackets can be provided. It is proposed to upgrade the
existing farms with bio Security arrangements and additional infrastructure facilities to
undertake Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Shrimp Culture – L. vannamei in Eripurakarai in
Thanjavur district. To create awareness about the various fish species and to promote
fishing as an avocation, aqua eco- tourism may be established. The proposed financial
requirement for the machineries and implements is Rs. 31.67 crores. The physical and
financial requirement for machinery and implements are presented in Table 3.66.
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Moped ice box @ Rs 50,000/unit
Ariyalur 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25
Coimbatore 0 0 10 5 10 5 10 5 0 0 30 15
Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 25 13 25 13 25 13 75 39
Erode 0 0 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 40 20
Karur 25 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 13
Perambalur 10 5 10 5 10 5 0 0 0 0 30 15
Kancheepuram 0 0 50 25 50 25 50 25 50 25 200 100
Nagapattinam 100 50 50 25 40 20 50 25 0 0 240 120
Dharmapuri 0 0 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 40 20
Ramanathapuram 0 0 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 100 52
Thoothukudi 0 0 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 100 52
Salem 0 0 50 25 50 25 50 25 50 25 200 100
Madurai 10 5 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10
Trichy 25 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 13
Vellore 0 0 50 25 50 25 50 25 50 25 200 100
Dindigul 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 150 75
Thiruvannamalai 0 0 50 25 50 25 50 25 50 25 200 100
Theni 20 10 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20
Krishnagiri 0 0 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 80 40
Tiruvarur 0 0 100 50 60 30 50 25 50 25 260 130
Tirunelveli 0 0 22 11 22 11 22 11 22 11 88 44
Thiruvallur 0 0 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 400 200
Sub total 230 116 652 327 597 300 587 295 527 265 2593 1303
208
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing (Contd…)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Ice boxes @ Rs 6500/unit
Coimbatore 0 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 60 4
Cuddalore 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15
Erode 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 40 4
Karur 24 2 24 2
Thanjavur 200 13 100 7 100 7 100 7 500 34
Kancheepuram 0 0 200 13 200 13 200 13 200 13 800 52
Nagapattinam 400 26 400 26 400 26 400 26 400 26 2000 130
Dharmapuri 0 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 40 4
Ramanathapuram 250 16 250 16 250 16 250 16 1000 64
Thoothukudi 0 0 400 26 200 13 200 13 200 13 1000 65
Salem 0 0 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 80 4
Trichy 25 2 25 2
Kanyakumari 0 0 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 400 28
Villupuram 0 0 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 200 12
Krishnagiri 0 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 40 4
Namakkal 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 500 35
Tiruvarur 100 7 100 7
Tirunelveli 0 0 90 6 90 6 90 6 90 6 360 24
Thiruvallur 0 0 200 13 200 13 200 13 200 13 800 52
Sub total 699 47 2105 138 1805 119 1805 119 1805 119 8219 542
Life buoys/life jackets @ Rs 1750/no
Thanjavur 0 0 1200 21 500 9 750 13 1000 18 3450 61
Kancheepuram 0 0 500 9 500 9 500 9 0 0 1500 27
Nagapattinam 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 2500 45
Ramanathapuram 0 0 2000 35 2000 35 2000 35 2000 35 8000 140
209
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing (Contd…)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Thoothukudi 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 0 0 2000 36
Kanyakumari 1000 18 0 0 1000 18 1000 18 1000 18 4000 72
Villupuram 0 0 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 2000 36
Tiruvarur 0 0 500 9 200 4 200 4 0 0 900 17
Tirunelveli 180 3 180 3 180 3 180 3 180 3 900 15
Thiruvallur 500 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 9 1000 18
Sub total 2680 48 5880 104 5880 105 6130 109 5680 101 26250 459
Providing aerators and infrastructure @ Rs 3.34 lakhs
Kancheepuram 0 0 5 17 5 17 5 17 5 17 20 68
Thoothukudi 0 0 5 17 5 17 5 17 5 17 20 68
Trichy 2 7 2 7
Villupuram 0 0 5 17 5 17 5 17 5 17 20 68
Tiruvarur 0 0 40 134 40 134 40 134 40 134 160 536
Sub total 7 185 185 185 185 747
Provision of Hygienic Fish Handling Equipment and Accessories in Modern Fish Stalls
Kancheepuram 7.7 0 8
Establishment of Aqua Eco Tourism center @ Rs 100 lakhs/unit
Thoothukudi 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100
Grand total 218 862 709 708 670 3167
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The total Budget requirement for fishery is 280.25 crores. The components wise
financial requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.67.
Table 3.67 Consolidate Budget for Infrastructure Development in Fisheries Sector
(₹ in lakhs)
S.
No Interventions
Year
Total
I II III IV V
1 Establishment of Fish Culture
ponds and provision of inputs
302 171 111 125 144 853
2 Establishment of GIFT farms
and provision of inputs
116 166 125 161 110 678
3 Establishment of Ornamental
Fish Culture Unit
159 87 93 87 54 480
4 Establishment of Fish Markets
or Stall / Kiosk
1151 1218 903 860 871 5003
5 Strengthening of Infrastructure
Facilities
3787 2836 1894 1417 3382 13316
6 Infrastructure for Fisheries
Research and Development
519 0 100 0 1013 1632
7 Strengthening of Extension
Facilities
996 1000 300 400 200 2896
8 Machineries and Implements for
Fishing
218 862 709 708 670 3167
Grand total 7248 6340 4235 3758 6444 28025
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3.8 Infrastructure Requirement in Sericulture Sector
3.8.1 Strengthening sericulture department
Sericulture is an agro based industry involving the rural sector for getting higher
income. It is a commercial sustainable farm based enterprise favoring rural poor in the
unorganized sector because of its relativity low requirement capital and high income as well.
The main objective of the scheme is to strengthen the Directorate of Sericulture in
the different districts. Availability of infrastructure facilities in the directorate will facilitate the
mulberry farmers to get focused silk rearing and processing of silk. The infrastructure
facilities required in few districts are projected in the plan.
Infrastructure‟s like training halls with advanced amenities, storage godowns and
processing equipment‟s are needed to be strengthened in the respective directorate so that
the local growers and farmers from different district are benefitted through various trainings,
field visits, field demonstrations etc. The budget required to strengthen the sericulture
departments is projected in the Table 3.68.
3.8.2 Establishment of silk rearing centre and reeling units
Sericulture is the cultivation of silk through rearing of silkworm. It is an agro-based
industry. It involves the raising of food plants for silkworm, rearing of silkworm for production
of cocoons, reeling and spinning of cocoon for production of yarn etc. for value added
benefits such as processing and weaving. Sixty lakh persons are engaged in various
sericulture activities in the country. It is estimated that Sericulture can generate employment
@ 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout
the year. This potential is par-excellence and no other industry generates this kind of
employment, especially in rural areas, hence, sericulture is used as a tool for rural
reconstruction. The production of silk can be improved through establishment of rearing
centres and reeling units. This can be made possible through additional rearing units by
providing incentives on cultivation of mulberry. With this background, the plans for
establishment of silk rearing centre and reeling units in different district are presented with a
budget outlay of Rs. 3,797 lakhs (Table 3.69).
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Table 3.68 Strengthening Sericulture Department
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Strengthening sericulture
department @ Rs 50
lakhs/unit
Erode 1 50 1 50 2 100
Pudukkottai 1 50 1 50 2 100
Theni 1 50 1 50
Sub total 3 150 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 250
Construction of RCC late
age silkworm rearing
building @ Rs 10
lakhs/unit (40‟x20‟ = 800
sq.ft)
Salem 1 10 1 10
Storage godowns @ Rs
20 lakhs/unit
Kanyakumari 1 20 1 20 1 20 3 60
Grand total 180 120 20 0 0 320
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Table 3.69 Establishment of Silk Rearing Centres and Reeling Units
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of reeling units (Multi end units) @ Rs. 15 lakhs/ unit
Coimbatore 2 30 3 45 2 30 2 30 2 30 11 165
Thiruvannamalai 1 15 1 15
Krishnagiri 1 15 1 15 2 30
Tirunelveli 1 15 1 15
Sub total 5 75 4 60 2 30 2 30 2 30 15 225
Establishment of rearing shed level II @ Rs 1.75 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 50 88 50 88 50 88 50 88 50 88 250 440
Pudukkottai 10 18 10 18 10 18 10 18 10 18 50 90
Dharmapuri 33 58 33 58 33 58 33 58 33 58 165 290
Vellore 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 55 95
Villupuram 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 55 95
Tiruppur 90 158 90 158 90 158 90 158 90 158 450 790
Tiruvarur 7 12 7 12 7 12 7 12 7 12 35 60
Sub total 212 372 212 372 212 372 212 372 212 372 1060 1860
Establishment of rearing shed level III @ Rs 90000/unit
Dharmapuri 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 45 40
Krishnagiri 50 45 50 45 50 45 50 45 50 45 250 225
Sub total 59 53 59 53 59 53 59 53 59 53 295 265
Establishment of Chawki rearing Centres @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit
Karur 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 3 30
Krishnagiri 1 10 1 10 2 20
Sub total 2 20 2 20 1 10 0 0 0 0 5 50
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Table 3.69 Establishment of Silk Rearing Centres and Reeling Units (Contd.,)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of semi
polyclinics @ 4 lakhs/unit
Krishnagiri 1 4 1 4 1 4 3 12
Rejuvenation of silk worm
rearing shed @ Rs 0.5
lakh/unit
Coimbatore 18 9 18 9 20 10 20 10 24 12 100 50
Krishnagiri 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 300 150
Sub total 78 39 78 39 80 40 80 40 84 42 400 200
Rearing equipment‟s @
Rs 52500/unit
Cuddalore 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 250 130
Pudukkottai 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 250 130
Dharmapuri 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 125 65
Vellore 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 55 30
Villupuram 26 14 26 14 26 14 26 14 26 14 130 70
Krishnagiri 100 53 100 53 100 53 100 53 100 53 500 265
Tiruppur 180 95 180 95 180 95 180 95 180 95 900 475
Thiruvarur 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 35 20
Sub total 449 237 449 237 449 237 449 237 449 237 2245 1185
Grand total 800 785 746 732 734 3797
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3.8.3 Strengthening marketing facilities
The farmers harvest the cocoon and bring the same to Govt. Cocoon markets for
selling their produce. The cocoon has to be brought to the market in time so that the farmers
will fetch better price to their produce. The establishment of cocoon markets in the
respective places will play a major role in marketing of cocoon at producer point. Also the
facilitation of vehicles for the transport of cocoon will help in reach of raw materials to market
in time. So based on the concern to improve the market facilities for sericulture sector, this
program is planned and formulated in to project for establishing cocoon market in core area
where the producers and as well as the buyers were easy to reach. The market is to be
established at Rs. 13.5 lakhs per unit and mobile market van at Rs. 10 lakhs per unit. The
budget outlay for establishment of market and market van is presented in the Table 3.70.
3.8.4 Establishment of farmer learning centre
The Farmer Learning Centre in the district is a state-of-the-art centre to disseminate
latest agriculture practices. The centre would impart village-based training to farmers on
latest mulberry production technologies and silk rearing, to enhance the productivity and
thereby augment the income of farmers. "The centre would act as a link between `lab and
land', by which technologies developed in the laboratories would be disseminated to the
farmers as quickly as possible through need-based-trainings."
The village-based training conducted by the FTC would focus on skill development of
sericulture farmers with adequate emphasis on advanced silk rearing techniques, irrigation
technologies and marketing strategies of cocoon. The farmer learning centre is proposed in
the 12th five year plan in order to train the farmers, scientist, students and extension officials
with a budget outlay of Rs. 75 lakhs (Table 3.71).
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Table 3.70 Strengthening Marketing Facilities
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Mobile Cocoon market @ Rs 13.5 lakhs/unit
Cuddalore 1 14 1 14
Villupuram 1 14 1 14 2 28
Sub total 2 27 1 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 42
Mobile Cocoon market van @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit
Erode 1 10 1 10
Pudukkottai 1 10 1 10
Krishnagiri 1 10 1 10
Thiruvarur 1 10 1 10
Sub total 4 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 40
Grand total 68 14 0 0 0 82
Table 3.71 Establishment of Farmer Learning Centre
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Farmers Learning Centre @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit
Erode 1 25 1 25
Pudukkottai 1 25 1 25
Krishnagiri 1 25 1 25
Grand total 3 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75
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Table 3.72 Consolidate Budget for Infrastructure Development in Sericulture Sector
(₹ in lakhs)
S.
No. Interventions
Year Total
I II III IV V
1 Strengthening Sericulture
Department
180 120 20 0 0 320
2 Establishment of Silk Rearing
Centres and Reeling Units
800 785 746 732 734 3797
3 Strengthening Marketing Facilities 68 14 0 0 0 82
4 Establishment of Farmer Training
Centre
75 0 0 0 0 75
Grand total 1123 919 766 732 734 4274
The Infrastructure required to development of Sericulture sector is proposed to
Rs. 42.74 crores. The different interventions are presented in the above Table 3.72.
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3.9 Infrastructure Development for Agroforestry
Forest serves as a home to rich biodiversity. Traditionally forest resources had been
exploited for several products by people. With the exception of Erode district, the scope for
increasing the area under forests is possible in all the other districts by enhancing the tree
cultivation. Hence emphasis has to be given for tree improvement by hybridization program
for Casuarina and Eucalyptus for improved wood properties, exploration of wild fruits and
medicinal plants for domestication. Similarly for tree management, priority should be given
for development of package of practices for selected industrial wood species and integrated
pest and disease management strategies for major plantation trees. As regards agro
forestry, designing and development of tree fodder based silvipasture model for profitable
stall breeding and development of nutritive concentrates from fodder trees are essential.
Further popularizing suitable agro-forestry to suit different agro-climatic zones has to be
made by appropriate field demonstrations.
Crop damage by wild animals in agricultural fields is very severe in village adjoining
forest areas. This is mainly due to straying of wild animals such as elephants and deer from
the forest to crop lands. Consequent to this, conflict between wild animals and farmers in the
border areas of the forests are raising resulting in huge economic loss to the marginal and
small farmers. Awareness about the crop damage compensation in very low and those who
are aware about compensation lose their interest due to the formalities and long process
involved in obtaining payment. Usage of trenches, stone-walls, barbed wire / electric fences
etc., have to be erected besides animal repellents.
Hence energy plantation, infrastructures such as establishment of high tech forest
nursery, solar fencing, barbed wire fencing and electric fencing are suggested. The details
of infrastructures required in different districts with budget (Rs. 35.05 crores) in the
agroforestry sector are furnished in Table 3.73.
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Table 3.73 Infrastructure Development for Agroforestry
(₹ in lakhs)
Interventions Implementing
Districts
Year
I II III IV V Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Establishment of High
tech forest nursery @ Rs
25 lakhs/unit
Ariyalur 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 2 50 6 150
Establishment of Model
Agro Forestry farms @
Rs 0.5 lakhs/unit
Karur 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 5 2.5
Construction of Water
Troughs Solar Power @
Rs 12 lakhs/unit
Coimbatore 2 24 2 24 2 24 2 24 2 24 10 120
Solar fencing @ Rs 6000
/meter
Coimbatore 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 2000 120
Solar fencing @ Rs 1
lakh/ha
Erode 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 100 100
Barbed wire fencing @
Rs 2 lakhs/ha
Erode 300 600 300 600 300 600 300 600 300 600 1500 3000
Solar street lights @ Rs
4800/unit
Coimbatore 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 250 10
Grand total 696 696 696 696 721 3505
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3.10 Public Works Department (WRO/IRRIGATION)
3.10.1 Investment options for irrigation development in Tamil Nadu State
There are around 41127 tanks in Tamil Nadu State alone, with varying sizes and
types. Out of the total of 41127 tanks in the State 81 per cent are with command area less
than 40 ha and 19 per cent have more than 40 ha of command area. The tanks are
classified in to Panchayat Union (PU), and Public Works Department (PWD) based on the
management activity. The PU tanks have a command area less than 40 ha and under the
control of Panchayat Union. Tanks having a command area of more than 40 ha as well as
all the system tanks are maintained by the PWD. Presently, a large number of tanks are
turning out to be defunct due to various maintenance issues.
It is evident that the area under tank irrigation shows a negative growth rate of 1.34
per cent per annum. Consistent efforts have been taken by the State in investment on tank
modernization under different programmes and grants helped little to revive tank irrigation in
the State. The important programmes like EEC, World Bank funded projects and
TNIAMWARM are such important programmes contributed significantly for the
modernization and revival of tank irrigation in the State. It is worth mentioning that most of
these programmes have focused mainly on modernization and rehabilitation of the tanks
maintained by the Water Resources Department (WRD) i.e. tanks with ayacut area of more
than 40 ha. The tanks under the control of Panchayat Unions are the most neglected tanks
which need investment priorities. Considering the vulnerable conditions of these tanks,
enough efforts have been taken to identify the investment options for these tanks.
Besides, the specific interventions to be carried out along with budget requirement to
improve the water storage and management of water are: desilting of water channels,
removal of encroachments, construction of check dams, anaicut, bed dam in Coimbatore,
Erode, Namakkal, Pudukkottai, Salem, Sivagangai, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Tiruppur,
Tirunelveli, Trichy, Vellore and Villupuram district at a cost of Rs. 63,644 lakhs, construction
of farm ponds, desilting of lakes and removal of encroachments in Thanjavur District
(Rs.1430 lakhs), modernization and enhancing the existing capacity of tanks by desilting
and creation of Island in Vellore District (Rs. 325 lakhs), construction of regulator across
drain in Thiruvarur District (Rs. 25 lakhs), improvements to supply channel in Salem District
(Rs. 390 lakhs) and rehabilitation of anaicut, tanks, supply channel and its infrastructures in
Villupuram district (Rs. 220 lakhs).
The details of proposed activities in the respective districts and budget outlay are
furnished in Table 3.74.
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Table: 3.74 Budget outlay for Public Works Department (WRO) (₹ in lakhs)
S. No. Nature of interventions District YEAR
I II III IV V Total
1 Desilting of lakes / Irrigation canals and Strengthening of bunds @ Rs 1 lakh/unit.
Ariyalur 240 240 240 240 240 1200
2 Desilting and repairing of Cole Roon basin, Perumal tank, Vellar river, Gadilam river, Mani Muktar basin.
Cuddalore 12704 895 685 510 250 15044
3 Rehabilitation of canal, tanks, check dams, anaicuts.
Erode 156 100 150 75 56 537
4 Removals of encroachments, desilting of storage tanks, check dams and construction of farm ponds.
Thanjavur 266 266 266 266 266 1330
5 Construction of grade wall across river. Thanjavur 20 20 20 20 20 100
6 Maintenance of canals and establishment of village linking farm roads.
Thiruvannamalai 8250 8250 8250 8250 8190 41190
7 Renovation of water bodies and extension of water channels.
Namakkal 300 300 300 300 300 1500
8 Modernization and enhancing the existing capacity of tanks by desilting and creation of Island.
Vellore 135 20 100 14 56 325
9 Improvements to supply channel. Salem 154 30 56 30 120 390
10 Rehabilitation of anaicuts, Tanks, Supply Channel and its infrastructures.
Villupuram 30 25 50 75 40 220
11 Construction of regulator across drain. Thiruvarur 5 5 5 5 5 25
12 Construction of check dams, anaicuts, bed dams. Pudukkottai 30 56 78 10 25 199
Coimbatore 55 100 15 18 56 244
Sivagangai 75 75 45 68 53 316
Tiruppur 32 50 100 124 65 371
Tirunelveli 12 31 16 10 10 79
Trichy 76 90 126 167 115 574
Grand Total 22540 10553 10502 10182 9867 63644
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3.11 Cooperation and Civil Supplies
Cooperation development extends support for procurement of agricultural produces.
There is a need to strengthening the basic facilities available in the cooperative marketing
societies, establishment of new direct purchase centres in delta regions, winnowing
machines for post harvest management, drying platform for procurement of grains at
optimum moisture content and solar copra driers in cooperative societies are the major
interventions suggested. The specific interventions are
Strengthening of Cooperative Societies
Purchase of Winnowing machines to Direct Purchase Centers in Tamil Nadu
Construction of Direct Purchase Centers in the Delta Districts of Thanjavur,
Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts
Construction of Paddy Drying Platform in the Delta Districts of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur
and Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu
Installation of Solar Copra Drier in Cooperatives
Purchase of small vans for transport of vegetables
Installation of Pulses Processing Units in Cooperative Marketing Societies
The budget requirement for the Cooperation and Civil Supplies sector is detailed in
Table 3.75.
Table 3.75 Budget outlay for Cooperation and Civil Supplies
(₹ in lakhs)
Sl. No Interventions Year
I II III IV V Total
1 Strengthening of cooperative societies 32 32 32 32 102 230
2 Copra drier 10 10 10 10 20 60
3 Processing units 40 40 40 40 40 200
4 Construction of Direct Purchase Centres 200 200 250 200 525 1375
5 Construction of Drying platform 10 10 10 10 30 70
6 Winnowing machines 50 50 50 50 70 270
Total 342 342 392 342 787 2205
Overall Budget for all the sectors
The overall budget requirement for five years is estimated at Rs. 7609.03 crores.
The above planned investment will help to achieve a four per cent growth in agriculture
sector. The shift in the crop and allied sector activities will also ensure the nutritional
securities. The strategies are focusing on solving the major problems faced by the farming
community.
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Table 3.76 Sector wise funds Requirements for Infrastructure
(₹ in crores)
Sl. No.
Sector I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total
1 Agriculture including Research and Development
194.68 134.83 128.15 123.82 206.50 787.98
2 Horticulture 187.08 146.41 135.91 190.98 223.14 883.52
3 Agricultural Engineering 585.06 547.77 580.76 589.00 623.99 2926.58
4 Agricultural Marketing 196.54 74.11 120.50 457.24 134.46 982.84
5 Seed Certification 7.87 4.14 3.28 3.81 3.07 22.17
6 Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development including Research and Development 277.75 173.79 140.67 128.20 268.99 989.41
7 Fisheries including Research and Development
72.48 63.40 42.35 37.58 64.44 280.25
8 Sericulture 11.23 9.19 7.66 7.32 7.34 42.74
9 Agro Forestry 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.96 7.21 35.05
10 PWD (WRO) 225.40 105.53 105.02 101.82 98.67 636.44
11 Cooperation and Civil Supplies 3.42 3.42 3.92 3.42 7.87 22.05
Grand Total 1768.47 1269.55 1275.18 1650.15 1645.68 7609.03
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY
Policies, so far, have been diverted towards irrigated agriculture to increase
agricultural production. Now the concern is that the gains from the green revolution areas
have been plateauing out due to many factors and evidences suggest that the productivity
and returns to investment have substantial trickle down benefits for poor not only in irrigated
areas but also those residing in less favored areas. This calls for setting up policy framework
towards robust supporting infrastructure for planning, production, processing, storage,
distribution, marketing and sales of agricultural produce.
Tamil Nadu as one among the states has also received Central Assistance under
NADP during 11th Plan period and already prepared comprehensive District and State
agriculture plans for 11th Plan. These should be revised and updated appropriately for
implementing RKVY during 12th Plan keeping in view the modification proposed for the plan
period and emerging needs of the State.
Revision and updation of SAPs could be a two-way process. Firstly, State nodal
department (or Agriculture Department) could get DAPs revised in the first instance to ensure
that priorities of the State are properly covered in the district plans. States should, at this
stage of scrutiny, ensure that requirements of districts and priorities of the State are
appropriately captured and aligned in DAPs. Alternately, State Nodal Agency could
communicate to the districts regarding the State‟s priorities that ought to be reflected in the
respective district plans and then the districts might incorporate these in their updated district
plans.
Preparation / revision of the DAPs is an elaborate, exhaustive and iterative process
and care need be taken by the State nodal department and district agriculture department in
ensuring that these plans cover the entire gamut of agriculture and allied sectors.
Each State thereafter has to prepare SAIDP in a similar manner to that of DAPs and
SAPs for identifying shelf of projects for RKVY (Infrastructure and Assets) stream. SAIDP
should ideally be consolidation of requirement of infrastructure identified in DAPs and SAP.
State Planning Department provided revised / updated SAP and SAIDP to Department of
Agriculture (DAC) and Planning Commission as part of State‟s annual State Plan exercise.
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Farm Mechanization has been an important element of modernization of agriculture.
Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the availability of farm power coupled with
efficient farm implements and their judicious utilization. Agricultural equipment enable
efficient utilization of various inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and
water for irrigation in addition to alleviation of drudgery associated with various farm
operations and making farming an attractive enterprise.
Availability of adequate farm power is very crucial for timely farm operations for
increasing production and productivity. There has been close correlation between farm
power availability and productivity. Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the
availability of farm power coupled with efficient farm implements and their judicious
utilization. The power productivity relationship shows that those States having higher farm
power availability/ha have higher productivity. It is reported that the additional requirement of
food grains in future will be met, to a great extent, where the demand for tractors, power
tillers and other machinery will continue to increase in future also.
To provide a higher share of consumer prices to the farmers there is a need to reduce
the multiple layer of intermediaries by providing alternative marketing channels and creation
of scientific storages nearer to the farms. The major infrastructure constraints faced by most
of the farmers‟ markets include the non-availability of scientific storage facilities, adequate
number of stalls, canteens, rest room facilities and drinking water. Even though waste
disposal is not a problem, the utilization of waste for productive purposes remains elusive in
most of the farmers markets.
Besides, storage godowns in Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies and in
Cooperative Marketing Societies, additional marketing godown for storing food grains and
pulses, drying yards for use of farmers of food grains and pulses which would prevent loss
resulting from cleaning, grading, longer period of drying on roads, cold storage and market
complex for fruits and flowers, Coconut Market / Processing complex with trader input shops,
drying yard, solar drier, rural godown and value addition incubation centre, common facility
centres for vegetable sorting and packaging and direct sale units, establishment of modern
market complex for flowers, construction of godown, drying yard, warehousing and
transaction shed in Regulated Markets and Agri. Marketing Committees, Installation of silos
for storing grains, Direct purchase centres for procurement of agri. Commodities,
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Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
establishment of solar coconut drying yards etc., would help in effective post-harvest
management and value addition in agricultural and horticultural crops.
Creation of infrastructure and equipment to the veterinary health centres is necessary
for the timely diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Emphasis has to be given to
strengthen mobile veterinary services to ensure better access to farm households. Vaccine
storage facilities in every health care institution would pave way for better animal health
management.
Inland fish catches are conditioned by aberrations of rainfall, less retention of water in
the water bodies, inadequate fish seed and feed and absence of proper marketing. Efforts
need to be directed towards the development of scientific storages and marketing of inland
fisheries. To augment inland fisheries, the shortfall in fish seed and feed has to be overcome.
Inland fishery cooperative societies need to be promoted and strengthened and provided
with necessary infrastructure and financial support to take up culture and capture fisheries
with the active role of fisherwomen. Fresh water fish culture needs to be promoted in
seasonal tanks / ponds owned by Panchayats.
Considering the above challenges, the State Agriculture Infrastructure Development
Program proposed the following interventions.
Agriculture
Production of elite planting materials
Facilities for seed processing
Facilities for seed quality maintenance
Production of organic manure
Establishment of laboratories
Infrastructure for strengthening research capacity
Strengthening of extension activities
Infrastructure for post-harvest management
Propagation of drip / micro irrigation
Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest
operations
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Horticulture
Production of elite planting materials
Promotion of protection cultivation in horticultural crops
Improvement in post-harvest handling and promotion of storage structures
Strengthening facilities for marketing of horticultural produces
Production of organic manure
Strengthening extension activities
Infrastructure for horticultural research and development
Propagation of drip / micro Irrigation
Infrastructure for water harvesting and storage
Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest
operations
Infrastructure for post-harvest management
Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
Procurement and distribution of agricultural machinery and equipment
Establishment of farm machinery banks for custom hiring centre
Establishment of hi-tech, high productive equipment hub for custom hiring
Promotion of farm mechanization in selected villages
Promotion of mechanized farming operations
Tractor hiring scheme
Propagation of drip / minor irrigation
Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets
Water conservation measures
Soil conservation measures
Agricultural Marketing and Agribusiness
Establishment of marketing structures
Establishment of processing units
Establishment / strengthening of marketing institutions
Establishment of farmers learning centre
Provision of market accessories
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Seed certification and Organic Certification
Establishment of seed processing units and seed testing labs
Strengthening of seed certification institutions
Seed certification accessories
Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development
Establishment of livestock farms and poultry industry
Establishment of cattle feed production units
Production of organic manure
Propagation of drip / micro irrigation
Strengthening of breeding units
Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services
Strengthening infrastructure facilities in veterinary health institutions and dairy units
Establishment of new structures for veterinary services
Establishment of disease diagnostic centers
Establishment of mobile veterinary units
Establishment of milk processing units
Strengthening extension facilities
Machineries and implements in animal husbandry
Fisheries
Establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs
Establishment of GIFT farms and provision of inputs
Ornamental fish culture
Marketing of fishes
Strengthening of infrastructure facilities
Infrastructure for fisheries research and development
Strengthening extension facilities
Machineries and implements for fishing
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Sericulture
Strengthening sericulture department
Establishment of silk rearing centre and reeling units
Strengthening marketing facilities
Establishment of farmer learning centre
Agro Forestry
Infrastructure development for agro forestry
Public Works Department (WRO /IRRIGATION)
Desilting of lakes / Irrigation canals and strengthening of bunds
Removals of encroachments
Construction of check dams, anaicuts, bed dams
Rehabilitation of anaicuts, tanks, supply channel and its infrastructures
Modernization and enhancing the existing capacity of tanks by desilting and creation
of Island
Cooperation and Civil Supplies
Strengthening of cooperative societies
Construction of direct purchase centres
Construction of drying platform
Processing units
Processing machineries and equipments
State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
To execute the developmental activities as detailed in the plan, the State Agriculture
Infrastructure Development Program proposed a budget of Rs. 7609.03 crores with sectorial
allocation and it is furnished in the table below. The above planned investment will help to
achieve a four per cent growth in agriculture sector. Thus, about 38.46 per cent of the budget
is allocated to Agricultural Engineering, Agriculture Marketing (12.92 per cent), Animal
Husbandry and Dairy Development (13.01 per cent), Horticulture (11.61 per cent),
Agriculture (10.36 per cent), Public Works Department Irrigation (8.36 per cent), Fisheries
including Research and Development (3.68 per cent) and other sectors contribute
1.61 per cent of budget.
230
Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program
Table 3.77 Sector wise funds requirements for infrastructure
(₹ in crores)
Sl.
No. Sector I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total %
1 Agriculture including Research
and Development
194.68 134.83 128.15 123.82 206.50 787.98 10.36
2 Horticulture 187.08 146.41 135.91 190.98 223.14 883.52 11.61
3 Agricultural Engineering 585.06 547.77 580.76 589.00 623.99 2926.58 38.46
4 Agricultural Marketing 196.54 74.11 120.50 457.24 134.46 982.84 12.92
5 Seed Certification 7.87 4.14 3.28 3.81 3.07 22.17 0.29
6 Animal Husbandry and Dairy
Development including
Research and Development
277.75 173.79 140.67 128.20 268.99 989.41 13.01
7 Fisheries including Research
and Development
72.48 63.40 42.35 37.58 64.44 280.25 3.68
8 Sericulture 11.23 9.19 7.66 7.32 7.34 42.74 0.56
9 Agro Forestry 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.96 7.21 35.05 0.46
10 PWD (WRO) 225.40 105.53 105.02 101.82 98.67 636.44 8.36
11 Cooperation and Civil Supplies 3.42 3.42 3.92 3.42 7.87 22.05 0.29
Grand Total 1768.47 1269.55 1275.18 1650.15 1645.68 7609.03 100.00