Narmada Dam Project

7/23/2019 Narmada Dam Project

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Narmada Dam ProjectNarmada Dam Project

Issues, Developments &Issues, Developments &

SolutionsSolutions

Nandan ShahNandan Shah

TFS - SaucesTFS - Sauces
http://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ph_dam/ph_dam.htmhttp://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ph_dam/ph_dam.htmhttp://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ph_dam/ph_dam.htm


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The Narmada riverThe Narmada river

The Narmada River, which originates at the town o Shahdol inThe Narmada River, which originates at the town o Shahdol in

the state o !adh"a Pradesh, #ows or $,% 'm through (ujarat,the state o !adh"a Pradesh, #ows or $,% 'm through (ujarat,

!aharashtra and !adh"a Pradesh - the three states o western!aharashtra and !adh"a Pradesh - the three states o western

and central India and empties into the )ra*ian Sea+ It has $and central India and empties into the )ra*ian Sea+ It has $

tri*utaries and its *asin is home to more than million people+tri*utaries and its *asin is home to more than million people+


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Narmada Dam ProjectNarmada Dam Project

Project *egan in $./.

The (overnment0s plan is to *uild % large, $%1 mediumand % small dams to harness the waters o the Narmada

and its tri*utaries+ Initial 2udget 3$.45-4/6 7- Rs 5, cr

89penditure so ar 7- Rs $, cr

Projected Total cost 7- Rs , cr

:ost o main canal 7- Rs , cr

To *e ull" complete *" 1

The Sardar Sarovar in (ujarat is the nd largest in the world3ater %-(orges in :hina6+


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Brief History1901 Construction of dam on Narmada River proposed

1947 Investigations begun into Narmada's potential for irrigation and electricity.

191 !rime "inister #a$alarl Ne%ru lays foundation stone for Narmada damspro&ect.Includes plans for 000 small( medium and large dams.

19)*+orld ,an- approves 4*0 million loan to India for /ardar /arovar.Construction begins in 19). Narmada ,ac%ao ndolan coalitionforms led by "ed%a !at-ar ,aba mte

199 Citing pro&ect irregularities( +orld ,an- 199 $it%dra$s from /ardar/arovar.

199* India's /upreme Court stops construction of dam $%ile it revie$s petition.

1999 rund%ati Roy( famous ,oo-er !ri2e $inning novelist( &oins struggle

3000

/upreme Court allo$s building construction to continue up to 90 meters.

Narmada Control ut%ority formed to approve increase in %eig%t.

300 /ardar /arovar dam reac%es 10 meters ) ft.5. In #uly( eart%6ua-e of4. magnitude s%a-es dam.

300 /ardar /arovar dam reac%es 131.93 meters

303* /ardar /arovar dam reac%es 1).) meters


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)*out projects on Narmada)*out projects on Narmada

The Sardar Sarovar damThe Sardar Sarovar dam, under construction in (ujarat, Irrigate, under construction in (ujarat, Irrigate19,05,00019,05,000ha o landha o land

; Increased the agriculture production *"Increased the agriculture production *" 8.78.7 million tons per annummillion tons per annum3worth

; Suppl" drin'ing water to more than 4 village and $%1 ur*anSuppl" drin'ing water to more than 4 village and $%1 ur*ancenters o the State 3around million population6centers o the State 3around million population6

The Narmada Sagar damThe Narmada Sagar dam, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, will, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, will*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $,%, hectares*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $,%, hectares

; (enerating at ?rst !>, and then $1 !>+(enerating at ?rst !>, and then $1 !>+; Project planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts suchProject planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts such

as #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and moreas #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and morewater or domestic and industrial use+water or domestic and industrial use+


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State wise >ater Distri*utionState wise >ater Distri*ution


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IssuesIssues

Social IssueSocial Issue

Aealth IssueAealth Issue

8cological Issue8cological Issue

8nvironmental Issue8nvironmental Issue

:ultural Issue:ultural Issue


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Social IssuesSocial Issues

There was no social impacts assessment*eore the dam project started+ The>orld 2an' tried to do an assessmentater the dam project started *ut oundthat there was a Bsevere shortage in*aseline dataC+

Narmada Dam Project will eventuall"displace more than a million people+

The Narmada Sagar and Sardar Sarovar

dams alone will necessitate the resettlingo %, since nearl" hal o these aretri*al populations, whose *elies and0liest"les are intricatel" woven into theorest and the land, environmentalistsear or their survival outside their

traditional territor"+


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Aealth IssuesAealth Issues

Eut*rea' o diseases Eut*rea' o diseases

The concern o an increase in malaria *ecause o theThe concern o an increase in malaria *ecause o the

increased reservoirs and water logged lands, which are primeincreased reservoirs and water logged lands, which are prime

locations or mosGuitoes to *reed+locations or mosGuitoes to *reed+

)uthorities have suggested pesticides *ut there is concern or)uthorities have suggested pesticides *ut there is concern or

humans ingesting the pesticide+humans ingesting the pesticide+

)nother disease on the rise is T2 *ecause o the increasing)nother disease on the rise is T2 *ecause o the increasingnum*er o people *eing moved out o their villages *ecausenum*er o people *eing moved out o their villages *ecause

o dams+o dams+


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8nvironmental Issues8nvironmental Issues

>ater logging e9cess water in the soil and can render the soil>ater logging e9cess water in the soil and can render the soil

useless+ This could a@ect H o the area to *e irrigated+useless+ This could a@ect H o the area to *e irrigated+

Staliniation when irrigation water has more saline content andStaliniation when irrigation water has more saline content andadds more salt to the s"stem+ This happens *ecause the land toadds more salt to the s"stem+ This happens *ecause the land to

*e irrigated is an arid area and not used to so much water+ This*e irrigated is an arid area and not used to so much water+ This

impacts the #ora and auna and ma'es the water not suita*le orimpacts the #ora and auna and ma'es the water not suita*le or

drin'ing+drin'ing+

Reduction in orest land and increase the scarcit" land orReduction in orest land and increase the scarcit" land or

cultivation+ )@orested land canCt *e eGual to deorested land+cultivation+ )@orested land canCt *e eGual to deorested land+


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8cological Issues8cological Issues

Threat to aGuatic ha*itat *arriers or ?sh passage, water Gualit"Threat to aGuatic ha*itat *arriers or ?sh passage, water Gualit"

is a@ected *ecause o change in land use can also a@ect aGuaticis a@ected *ecause o change in land use can also a@ect aGuatic

lie+lie+

>ith the su*merging o orest land, a wealth o #ora and auna will>ith the su*merging o orest land, a wealth o #ora and auna will

simpl" disappear+ There are no orest corridors ena*ling wildlie tosimpl" disappear+ There are no orest corridors ena*ling wildlie to

cross over rom the su*merged areas to other orested regionscross over rom the su*merged areas to other orested regions

since the patches o orest are surrounded *" agricultural andsince the patches o orest are surrounded *" agricultural and

*arren land+ Ence the dams #ood the land, the animals will either*arren land+ Ence the dams #ood the land, the animals will either

drown or *e driven into the ?elds where the" could destro" crops+drown or *e driven into the ?elds where the" could destro" crops+


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:ultural Issues:ultural Issues

Resettlement threatens to culturall" victimie people in otherResettlement threatens to culturall" victimie people in other

wa"s+ These displaced people must adapt their liest"le in thatwa"s+ These displaced people must adapt their liest"le in that

the" are oten Jmoving rom relative isolation and independencethe" are oten Jmoving rom relative isolation and independence

to a high degree o dependence on pu*lic institutions and servicesto a high degree o dependence on pu*lic institutions and services

to protect against disastrous conseGuences o the moveKto protect against disastrous conseGuences o the moveK

Language and rituals will *ecome *arrier to moving out+Language and rituals will *ecome *arrier to moving out+


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N2)N2)

Narmada 2achao )ndolan is social movement consisting o tri*alNarmada 2achao )ndolan is social movement consisting o tri*alpeople, adivasis, armers, environmentalists and human rightspeople, adivasis, armers, environmentalists and human rightsactivists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam *eing *uilt across theactivists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam *eing *uilt across theNarmada river, (ujarat, India+Narmada river, (ujarat, India+

Their mode o campaign includes hunger stri'es and garneringTheir mode o campaign includes hunger stri'es and garneringsupport rom noted ?lm and art personalities 3nota*l" 2oll"woodsupport rom noted ?lm and art personalities 3nota*l" 2oll"wood?lm actor )amir Mhan6+?lm actor )amir Mhan6+

Narmada 2achao )ndolan, together with its leading spo'espersonsNarmada 2achao )ndolan, together with its leading spo'espersons!edha Pat'ar and 2a*a )mte, were the $..$ recipient o the Right!edha Pat'ar and 2a*a )mte, were the $..$ recipient o the RightLivelihood )ward+Livelihood )ward+

orld 2an'+


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:ontroversies against N2):ontroversies against N2)

The Narmada dam0s *ene?ts include provision o drin'ingThe Narmada dam0s *ene?ts include provision o drin'ingwater, power generation and irrigation acilities+ Thewater, power generation and irrigation acilities+ Thecampaign led *" the N2) activists has held up the project0scampaign led *" the N2) activists has held up the project0scompletion, and the N2) supporters have attac'ed on localcompletion, and the N2) supporters have attac'ed on localpeople who accepted compensation or moving+people who accepted compensation or moving+

There had also *een instances when the N2) activists turnedThere had also *een instances when the N2) activists turnedviolent and attac'ed reha*ilitation ocer rom Narmadaviolent and attac'ed reha*ilitation ocer rom NarmadaOalle" Development )uthorit" 3NOD)6, and caused damageOalle" Development )uthorit" 3NOD)6, and caused damageto the contractor0s machineries+to the contractor0s machineries+

The N2) has also *een accused o l"ing under oath in courtThe N2) has also *een accused o l"ing under oath in courta*out land ownership in areas a@ected *" the dam+ Thea*out land ownership in areas a@ected *" the dam+ TheSupreme :ourt has mulled perjur" charges against the group+Supreme :ourt has mulled perjur" charges against the group+


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SolutionsSolutions


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R8S8TTL8!8NT &R8S8TTL8!8NT &

R8A)2ILIT)TIEN PRE(R)!!8R8A)2ILIT)TIEN PRE(R)!!8 ) total o villages are to *e a@ected *" the construction o the dam,) total o villages are to *e a@ected *" the construction o the dam,

however onl" villages will ace $H su*mergence o agricultural land duehowever onl" villages will ace $H su*mergence o agricultural land due

to Sardar sarovar dam+to Sardar sarovar dam+

Sardar Sarovar Punarvasvat Agency (SSPASardar Sarovar Punarvasvat Agency (SSPAunder this there wereunder this there were

di@erent cells where started li'edi@erent cells where started li'e

a+a+ )griculture cell )griculture cell

To assist the (rievances Redressal !achiner" in resolving pro*lems relating toTo assist the (rievances Redressal !achiner" in resolving pro*lems relating to

agricultural lands,agricultural lands,

*+*+ !edical cell !edical cell

To provide preventive and curative medical services to R&Rs as per the need+To provide preventive and curative medical services to R&Rs as per the need+

c+c+ Reha*ilitation cell Reha*ilitation cell

To raise the living standard o the resettled amilies *" providing themTo raise the living standard o the resettled amilies *" providing them

agricultural assets, acilit" or animal hus*andr" etc, ater resettlement+agricultural assets, acilit" or animal hus*andr" etc, ater resettlement+

d+d+ 8ducation cell 8ducation cell

$/%% students *ene?ted with $ new schools+$/%% students *ene?ted with $ new schools+

e+e+ Land cell Land cell

To ensure that the agricultural lands allotted to P)Fs are o good Gualit", eitherTo ensure that the agricultural lands allotted to P)Fs are o good Gualit", either

*lac' medium *lac' or sand" loam and are suita*le or agricultural purpose*lac' medium *lac' or sand" loam and are suita*le or agricultural purpose


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Resettlement and Reha*ilitationResettlement and Reha*ilitationPac'age or Project )@ected FamiliesPac'age or Project )@ected Families

hectares irriga*le )griculture land+ hectares irriga*le )griculture land+

Residential plot o 1 SG+ !ts+Residential plot o 1 SG+ !ts+

)ssistance o Rs+ 1- or the construction o house+)ssistance o Rs+ 1- or the construction o house+

Su*sistence allowance o Rs+ 1-+Su*sistence allowance o Rs+ 1-+

)ssistance o Rs+/- or procuring productive assets li'e)ssistance o Rs+/- or procuring productive assets li'e*ulloc's and agricultural eGuipments+*ulloc's and agricultural eGuipments+

Resettlement grant o Rs+ /1-+Resettlement grant o Rs+ /1-+

Street light and internal electri?cation o $+1 point ree o costStreet light and internal electri?cation o $+1 point ree o costin :ore Aouse+in :ore Aouse+

Personal accident insurance etc+Personal accident insurance etc+ ) school and children0s par' in each resettlement site+) school and children0s par' in each resettlement site+

Dispensar" in each site where !P and !A ousters areDispensar" in each site where !P and !A ousters areresettled+resettled+


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8nvironmental protection8nvironmental protection

The m!n!stry o" #nv!ronment and $orests had %a!d do&n certa!nThe m!n!stry o" #nv!ronment and $orests had %a!d do&n certa!nstr!ngent cond!t!ons at the t!me o" g!v!ng c%earance to the 'roectstr!ngent cond!t!ons at the t!me o" g!v!ng c%earance to the 'roect!n the year 1987. So as to com'%y &!th the cond!t!ons o"!n the year 1987. So as to com'%y &!th the cond!t!ons o"c%earance, "o%%o&!ng 'rogrammes &ere underta)en.c%earance, "o%%o&!ng 'rogrammes &ere underta)en.

$orest *onservat!on Programme$orest *onservat!on Programme

$!sher!es +eve%o'ment$!sher!es +eve%o'ment

ea%th As'ectsea%th As'ects

Archaeo%og!ca% As'ectsArchaeo%og!ca% As'ects

#co-Tour!sm +eve%o'ment#co-Tour!sm +eve%o'ment


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2ene?ts2ene?ts

The Sardar Sarovar dam, under construction in (ujarat, willThe Sardar Sarovar dam, under construction in (ujarat, willirrigate an estimated $+4 million hectares and generate % !> oirrigate an estimated $+4 million hectares and generate % !> oelectricit" in the initial phase, later dropping to $1 !> in the ?nalelectricit" in the initial phase, later dropping to $1 !> in the ?nalphase+phase+

The Narmada Sagar dam, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, willThe Narmada Sagar dam, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, will*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $%, hectares and generating at*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $%, hectares and generating at?rst !>, and then $1 !>+?rst !>, and then $1 !>+

Project planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts suchProject planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts suchas #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and moreas #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and morewater or domestic and industrial use+water or domestic and industrial use+

Drin'ing water or whole "ear and prevention o draught+Drin'ing water or whole "ear and prevention o draught+


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Than) ouThan) ou

Documents

Narmada Dam Project