Names for Swine : Hogs Pigs Swine Swine Industry change:
Factory farms
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First domesticated in Asia 9000 BC Bought to USA by Columbus in
1493 North America had wild hogs called boars of the hogs produced
in the USA come from the corn belt states 60% + of hogs are grown
in confinement Second largest livestock population in the USA 70
million head Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana leading states with hogs.
Upcoming is North Carolina
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Efficient in converting feed to meat Less feed needed to
produce one pound of meat, better than beef. 4-5 pounds needed to
produce one pound of pork verse 9 pounds of feed = one pound of
beef. Swine very prolific produce large numbers of young. Yield
65-80 % of carcass verse beef 50-60% Labor low
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Diseases and parasites susceptible Large amounts of
concentrates and little forages Require special attention at
farrowing time Cost of corn is high Disposal of waste difficult
Odor
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Small family farms Factory farms
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Classifications Piglet baby pig Barrow castrated male pig Gilt
young female pig not farrowed Sow aged female pig - farrowed Boar
male hog Swine breed name Pig under 100 pounds Hog over 100 pounds
Meat-type hog lean with meat Lard type hog has a lot of fat Major
Meat ham, bacon, loin, roast Barrow
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Duroc Hampshire Yorkshire Hereford Berkshire Poland China
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Type selection of an animal that is close to ideal Pedigree
bloodline, record of heredity Probe tool that measures backfat
Ultrasonic device measures backfat PSS Porcine Stress Syndrome
Nonpathological disorder in heavily muscled swine. SPF Specific
Pathogen Free (Swine born in sterile environment)
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Boar Selection docile, 6-7 months of age (purchase), breed at 8
months, good health, masculine, testicles well developed, 12 teats.
Female Selection free of defects, healthy, 1.2 inches of backfat,
lean
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Feeder pigs weaned at 40 pounds Finishing Pigs markets at
220-240 pounds Purebred Pigs breeding stock, pure blood lines
Contract Production a contract between a producer and a buyer
before hogs are raised.
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Naturally produce offspring twice a year Normal Breeding reach
puberty at 4-8 months. Most common method Gestation Period 114 days
Crossbreeding 90 % of commercial hogs are bred this way. Artificial
Breeding Getting more popular, but the biggest problem is that you
cant freeze the sperm. Care of female feeding, exercise Care of
Male plenty of room needed, exercise, feeding important Farrowing
Sanitation, signs of parturition. 70% of piglets born reach
weaning. 30% die due to disease, bad weather, mashing by sow or
other conditions. Environmental conditions 60-70 degrees F
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Feeding the Sow fed liberally before birth and limited 3 days
after birth. Increase feed after the 3 days slowly. Starting
piglets on feed Creep 7- 10 days old Needle teeth upper and lower
jaws Tail Docking 1 inch, prevents tail biting Ear Notching most
common identification method Castration done to all male swine
intended for meat. Vaccination Done before weaning.
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Carbohydrates, fats, Proteins, Minerals, vitamins, water (1/4
-1/3 gallon of water for every pound of dry feed consumed)
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Additives Antibiotics increase production by 10%, but do not
feed until animal is 5-6 weeks old. PST (Porcine Somatotropin)
Growth hormone 15-20% increase Withdrawal time 2- 70 days depending
on drug.