Name three adaptations of prey that deter predators.

Label the adaptations of the polar bear and explain how they help with survival:

Bacteria can be adapted to survive in extreme conditions. Explain how

What is an extremophile?

What do the following compete for?Animals

Plants:

Label the adaptations of the fennec (desert fox) and explain how they help with survival:

How is the cactus adapted to survive in the desert?

How can human activity affect the distribution of organisms?

Many factors can cause environmental change. Give an example of A living factor A non-living factor

How can the following living organisms be used as pollution indicators?Lichens

Aquatic invertebrates What is a pollution indicator? .

How are desert animals adapted to cope with very cold nights?

Name the three pieces of equipment and state what they measure

Explain how climate change may lead to a short-haired arctic fox being more likely to survive than a long haired one.

Name three adaptations of prey that deter predators. Thorns / poisons / warning colours

Label the adaptations of the polar bear and explain how they help with survival:•Small surface area to volume ratio – minimizes heat loss•Small ears / nose•Thick fur – insulation•Thick layer of body fat – insulation•Waterproof fur – reduce heat loss from evaporation when wet•White - camouflage

Bacteria can be adapted to survive in extreme conditions. Explain howTolerate: High salt concentration High temperature High pressure

What is an extremophile?A microorganism that is adapted to live in extreme conditions.

What do the following compete for?Animals: food, mates, territory

Plants: light, space, water and nutrients from soil

Label the adaptations of the fennec (desert fox) and explain how they help with survival:•large surface area to volume ratio – increases heat loss•Large ears - more heat loss•thin fur – increase heat loss•Sandy colour - camouflage

How is the cactus adapted to survive in the desert?•roots widespread– collect water from a large area•Roots deep – collect water because surface likely to dry out quickly•No leaves – reduce surface area from which water can be lost•Stem able to swell – store water

How can human activity affect the distribution of organisms?•Destroy an animal’s food source or habitat – building, chemicals, farming •Introduction of new competing species•Global warming

Many factors can cause environmental change. Give an example of A living factor New competitor eg grey squirrelA non-living factor Change in temperature or rainfall

How can the following living organisms be used as pollution indicators?Lichens Monitor air pollution: higher population = better quality air (less SO2)Aquatic invertebrates monitor water pollution – concentration of dissolved oxygen: ceratin species can tolerate very low O2

What is a pollution indicator? Living organism that shows the level of pollution in an area through changes in it’s distribution or abundance.

How are desert animals adapted to cope with very cold nights? Burrows - insulation

Name the three pieces of equipment and state what they measure maximum-minimum thermometer – temperatureRainfall gauge – rainfall in set time period

Explain how climate change may lead to a short-haired arctic fox being more likely to survive than a long hairde one. Temperature is increasingShort haired fox able to lose heat better so less likely to overheatShort haired fox more likely to survive and pass genes on