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Doris Mutta Regional Seas  (Nairobi Conventions) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI)UNEP, UN Gigiri Complex P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya doris.mutta@unep.org http://www.unep.org/NairobiConvention/http://www.unep.org/AbidjanConvention/

NAIROBI CONVENTION

The Convention for the Protection,

Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the

Western Indian Ocean

The Nairobi Convention Area

Coastal states (10) Somalia to South Africa

• 5 Mainland coastal states• 5 Island Developing States • Coastline > 5,000 km:

mangroves, sea grass beds, coral reefs, coastal forests

• Combined Population 178million- increasing demand on goods and services

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The Nairobi Convention(1985/1996/Amended 2010)

• Governments’ political commitment to protection, management and development of the WIO region

• Umbrella regional agreement elaborated by 3 specific technical protocols Legal framework in the WIO region

• Platform for collaboration between countries and agencies (transboundary issues)

• AMCEN declaration of 2010• Country driven process/priorities• Execution of Programme of Work through

regional programmes: govts, national, regional, international institutions

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 4

Marine and Coastal ecosystems support ecological systems, livelihoods and national

economic developmentFisheries, shipping, tourism, etc

Over $25b per year and over 60 million coastal populationTransBoundary Diagnostic

Analysis

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 5

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats

Habitat conversion: Overexploitation: Marine pollution: crude oil vessels accidental oil spills, Chemical pollution: Ports and harbours (hot spots) Dredging activitiesMangroves dieback, sea grass- decline productivityWater quality: declining fish stocks, tourism, etc invasive species

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 6

Pollution from land-based sources

Microbiological contaminants, Marine litter Industrial waste discharge

Ports waste

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 7

Alteration in river flow and sediment loads

River -Coast Interactions

UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 8

Emerging issues: Climate Change

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THE CONVENTION THE ROLE OF SHIPPING THE CONVENTION THE ROLE OF SHIPPING &PORTS&PORTS

•Articles 5 Pollution from ships

•Article 6: Pollution caused by dumping waste from ships

•Article 7 Pollution from land based sources

•Article 8: Pollution from sea-bed activities

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The Convention’s ProtocolsLegal Frameworks

Protocol concerning protected areas and wild fauna and flora in Eastern African region

Protocol concerning cooperation in combating marine pollution in cases of emergency in the Eastern African Region (marine pollution) – oil spills and other harmful substances

Protocol concerning land based sources and activities of pollution negotiated and adopted 1 April 2010

Strategic Action Programme____ endorsed 1 April 2010

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Emergency Protocol

• Protocol concerning cooperation in combating marine pollution in cases of emergency

– Take all necessary measures to prevent, remedy and protect marine and coastal environment

– Establish and maintain means of responding to marine pollution incidents and reduce risk

– Enact relevant legislation, prepare contingency plans

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Partnership with International Maritime Organisation (IMO)

• Technical assistance to individual countries for strengthening marine pollution responses capabilities– Prevention, reduction and control of marine

pollution• Assessment of problems relating to contingency

plans development, sensitivity maps• Assessment of regional capability to deal with

marine pollution• Upgrade countries pollution preparedness and

response capabilities

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Strategic Action Programme for the Protection of theWestern Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment

from Land-based Sources and Activities

“People of the region prospering from a

healthy Western Indian Ocean”

Promote sustainable development in the WIO Region by strengthening the management of coastal and marine resources, on the basis of an ecosystem-based management approach

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Strategic Components/Environmental

Quality Objectives

Frame of reference for regional harmonisation and coordination of transboundary efforts

By 2035 in the WIO region:A. Critical coastal habitats will be protected, restored and

managed for sustainable use;

B. Water quality will meet international standards; and

C. River flows will be wisely and sustainably managed

By 2015, there will be: D. Effective collaboration at regional level in addressing

transboundary challenges (Governance)

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National roll-out

A new Protocol on Land-based Sources and Activities for the Nairobi Convention

A Strategic Action Programme on Land-based Sources and

Activities Management

Mainstreaming Land-based Sources and Activities

Management at the National Level

1. Mainstreaming into national development plans

2. Development of partnerships for SAP implementation

3. Development of concrete proposals for donor/partner support

4. Monitoring and evaluation of SAP implementation

The Role of Ports and Maritime Transport

• Ports play an important role in sustaining national economies international/regional trade

• Role to play in restoring water quality and therefore sustaining marine biodiversity, ecological services- livelihoods(fish stocks, human health, tourism)

• Minimise impact of port development

• Environmental performance• Adequate contingency plans• Sensitivity mapping• Reception facilities for oil waste

•

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Environmental Management of areas and activities within ports (water, land, air),

• Through controlled chemical pollution (suspended solids); solid waste management: marine litter

• Port reception facilities (transport, handling and storage);

• Ballast water management; • Port expansion developments (habitat alteration and

destruction)• Key Principles for Port and Harbour Development:

good mgt practices in planning, design and management (GPA/UNEP)– Environmentally accountable, E performance, EIA,

networks, partnerships

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Partnership for a healthy Western

Indian Ocean

Strategic Action Programme for the Protection of theWestern Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment

from Land-based Sources and Activities

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THANK YOU

Please visit

www.unep.org/NairobiConvention