My SQL

MySQL Server Optimization with LSI® MegaRAID® CacheCade™ Pro 2.0 Read and Write Caching Software and Solid State Disk (SSD) Technology

The ability to effectively scale storage performance to meet these new demands by utilizing SSD technology is critical to building a solid solution. This white paper will illustrate the performance benefits of using MegaRAID CacheCade Pro 2.0 software in MySQL server environments. (The MySQL performance benefits discussed in this document may also be applicable to other similar database and transactional applications.)

This document will discuss the following results and benefits of CacheCade Pro 2.0 software:

• ByrunningtheSysBenchTransactionalProcessingworkloadonanactualMySQLdatabaseCacheCade Pro 2.0 software can demonstrate significant performance improvements -- measured in transactions1 per second.

• Dramaticallylowereduserqueryresponsetimesarealsoachieved,deliveringresponses2.5to3.5timesfasterforSASHDDconfigurations,andmorethan7timesbetterresponsetimes for SATA HDD configurations.

• ThearticlealsolooksattheprosandconsofreplacingmoreexpensiveSASHDDswithlower-cost,higher-capacitySATAHDDs.

• HigheruserscalabilityperserverwasalsoachievedwithCacheCadePro2.0software,which was demonstrated by measuring the number of virtual users that could access the databasewithinanacceptableaveragequerylatencylevel.

White Paper

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Today’s workload-intensive business

applications are constrained by

performance limitations of hard disk drives

(HDDs). Solid state drives (SSDs) provide

upto1,000timesmoretransactionsper

second,butatamuchhighercostper

gigabyte(GB).

Amoreeconomicalapproachistomix

bothSSDsandHDDtogether,however

administrators traditionally would

need to configure performance-critical

applications to access SSDs. CacheCade

Pro 2.0 software (figure 1) intelligently and

dynamically handles critical application

acceleration and data performance

requirementswithouttheneedtomonitor

and configure applications to make the

bestuseofSSDs,whileatthesametime

optimizing HDD IO traffic.

CacheCade Pro 2.0 Cache Pool

Mirror

HotData

ColdData

Figure 1CacheCadePro2.0softwareintelligentlycopieshotdatatolowlatency,redundantSSDcache.

Achieving significantly higher transactional databases performance than is possible with hard drive-only configurations by coupling MegaRAID CacheCade Pro 2.0 software with today’s SSD technology.

MySQL Database Performance White Paper 2

CacheCade Pro 2.0 Read/Write Caching Software

CacheCade Pro 2.0 Read/Write Caching Software enables SSDs to be configured as a secondary tierofhighperformancecachetohelpmaximizetransactionalI/Operformance.Thesolutionisdesigned to accelerate the I/O performance of HDD-based arrays while minimizing investments in SSDtechnology.Further,CacheCadesoftwarereducesthesignificantinvestmentinadditionalharddrivesrequiredtoattaincomparableperformancegainsascanbeachievedbyimplementingthesoftware.

CacheCade software relies on its dynamic ability to accelerate accesses to data hot spots. The highest achievable performance benefit depends upon the size and performance of the SSD relative tothelogicalvolumebeingcached,andmorespecificallythetotalsizeofhotdatacomparedtothetotal SSD capacity.

Additionally,thissolutionallowssystembuilderstoinstalljustenoughSSDcapacityforactivedataand apply it to one or more HDD storage volumes.

ByrunningashorttraceofIOactivityontheMySQLdatabase(seeFigure2below),wecandeterminethatthemajorityofthedatabasereadsandwritesarefocusedinspecificrangesoflogicalblockaddresses(LBA).CacheCadesoftware’sintelligentcachingalgorithmsdetectandmaintainfrequentlyaccessedhotreaddataintheSSDs,drasticallyreducingdataaccessresponsetimes.

BecausethemajorityofhotdataaccessesareservicedbytheSSDs,theHDDstoragevolumeperformance is also enhanced as a significant portion of the HDD IO workload is off-loaded to the SSDs.

550

Figure 2XPERF trace of MySQL

database IO activity

Typical database application IO profile shows read and write activity concentrated in specific disk volumeregions–roughly100GB--ofa200GBdatabase.

MySQL Database Performance White Paper 3

MySQL Benchmark and Testing Details

Inordertosimulateatypicalonlinetransactionalprocessingenvironment,anactualMySQLServerdatabase was loaded on to a server and multiple SSD caching configuration capacities were tested to determinetheoptimalconfigurationfora200GBMySQLdatabaseapplication.Table1belowincludesthe system and benchmark details that were used to generate the benchmark results.

Table 1: Test Configuration Details

Server • 1IntelXeonL5520 -4-coreseach,2.27GHz -MySQLServerSysBench• 6GBPC3-8500memory

Operating System • MicrosoftWindows2008-R2,64-bit

BenchmarkSoftware • MySQLServerv5.1.55• IndustryStandardTransactionalBenchmark• SysBenchv0.4.1264-bitforWindows

• UtilizedOLTPAdvancedTransactionalExecution• “innodb”MySQLdatabaseengineused

MegaRAIDSAS9280-8econtroller • Firmware:2.130.03-1332• Windowsdriver:5.1.112• MegaRAIDStorageManager™:8.33-01

• HDDVDsettings-Baseline:WriteBack,DirectIO,AlwaysReadAhead,DriveWriteCacheDisabled,64KBStripSize

• HDDVDsettings-CacheCadeenabled:WriteThrough,DirectIO,NoReadAhead,DriveWriteCacheDisabled,64KBStripSize

SAS HDD Test Configurations

BaselineConfiguration • Sixteen(16)Seagate15KRPMSavvio6Gb/sSASHDDs(ST9146852SS)• RAID10configurationforMySQLdatabaseandlogfiles

CacheCade Pro 2.0 software configurations using Intel X25-E 3G SATA SSDs (SSDSA2SH032G1GN)

• 2driveRAID1,WriteBackenabled• 4driveRAID10,WriteBackenabled• 6driveRAID10,WriteBackenabled• 8driveRAID10WriteBackenabled

SATA HDD Test Configurations

BaselineConfiguration • Eight(8)Seagate7.2KRPMConstellation3Gb/sSATAHDDs(ST9500530NS)• RAID10configurationforMySQLdatabaseandlogfiles

CacheCade Pro 2.0 software configurations using Intel X25-E 3G SATA SSDs (SSDSA2SH032G1GN)

• 2driveRAID1,WriteBackenabled• 4driveRAID10,WriteBackenabled• 6driveRAID10,WriteBackenabled• 8driveRAID10WriteBackenabled

Test Results

Thisbenchmarksimulatesatypicalonlinetransactionprocessing(OLTP)databaseapplication,runningonanactualMySQLServerdatabase.Theworkloadconsistsofamixofbothcomplexandsimplequeries.

A200GBdatabase(889,000,000rows)wasloadedontheseconfigurationsalongwithtwo4000MBlogfiles.Thequeryrequestsvarybetween1to100recordswitharequestmixconsistingof74%readsand26%writes–withanaveragetransactionsizeofaround16KBforreadsandvariedIOrequestsforwrites(typically1KBto2KB).

BecauseCacheCadePro2.0supportsWriteCaching,theSSDsintheCacheCadevolumeweremirrored in RAID 1 or RAID 10 configurations depending on the number of SSDs used. The small capacity(32GB)SSDs,requiremoremirroredSSDstoabsorballhotdataactivity.LargercapacitySSDswillrequirefewerSSDstoachieveoptimalperformance.

IntheSASHDDconfiguration,theCacheCadePro2.0softwareperformanceimprovementgains,measuredintransactionspersecond(TPS)rangefrom1.5xtoover3.5xthatoftheharddriveonlyconfiguration(seeFigure3below),dependingonthecapacityoftheCacheCadePro2.0cachepool.

MySQL Database Performance White Paper 4

HDD Only CCv2 2DR1WB CCv2 4DR10WB CCv2 6DR10WB CCv2 8DR10WB

16DR10SAS

Tran

sact

ions

per

Sec

ond

Impr

ovem

ent

(x ti

mes

)

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

4

3.5

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

SysBench Transactions per Second - MySQL 200GB Database

69.69

104.31

186.65

233.76251.07

Max of Trans/secMax of Improvement

HDD Only CCv2 2DR1WB CCv2 4DR10WB CCv2 6DR10WB CCv2 8DR10WB

16DR10SAS

SysBench Response Times - MySQL 200GB Database

SysB

ench

Ave

rage

Req

uest

Res

pons

e Ti

me

(ms)

Redu

ctio

n (x

tim

es)

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Max of RT avg (ms)Max of Reduction

143.22

53.35

95.39

42.2 39.25

SysBench Performance - MySQL 200GB Database

250

200

150

100

50

0

HDD Only CCv2 2DR1WB CCv2 4DR10WB CCv2 6DR10WB CCv2 8DR10WB

8DR10SATA

Perf

orm

ance

(Tra

nsac

tions

per

Sec

ond)

Impr

ovem

ent (

x tim

es)

Max of Trans/secMax of Improvement

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

31.14

52.95

106.2

214.54225.48

Figure 3SysBenchTPSresultsforMySQL200GBDatabaseonaSASHDDbaseline volume

Figure 5SysBenchTPSresultsforMySQL200GBDatabaseonaSATAHDDbaseline volume

Figure 4 SysBenchresponsetimeresultsforMySQL200GBDatabaseonaSASHDDbaseline volume

Another advantage of CacheCade Pro 2.0 is that response times for transactions are more than 2.5 to 3.5 times faster (See Figure 4) as more ‘hot data’ capacity can run out of the SSD cache.

Additionaltestingwasdonewitheight(8)SATAHDDsreplacingthesixteen(16)SASHDDconfigurations.Seefigures5and6below.

8DR10SATA

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0 0

0.2

HDD Only CCv2 2DR1WB CCv2 4DR10WB CCv2 6DR10WB CCv2 8DR10WB

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Max of RT Avg (ms)Max of Reduction

Aver

age

Requ

est R

espo

nse

Tim

e (m

s)

Redu

ctio

n (x

tim

es)

SysBench Response Times - MySQL 200GB Database

320.66

188.38

93.66

46.12 43.76

Figure6SysBenchresponsetimeresultsforMySQL200GBDatabaseonaSATA HDD baseline volume

Keyobservationsinclude:

• NearequivalentapplicationperformanceisachievedforbothSASand SATA HDD configurations once all hot data is cached in SSDs.

• TheSATAHDDconfigurationsshowedsignificantlyhigherperformanceimprovementwhenthemajorityofthehotdataiscached by the mirrored SSDs.

• Eight(8)SATAHDDsplusfour(4)mirroredSSDsprovidehigherMySQLperformancethan16SASdrives.

• TheSASHDDconfigurationofferedhigherperformancethantheSATA drives for SSD cache misses due to ‘hot data’ capacity that is much larger than the available SSD cache.

• SlowerSATAdriveperformancereducesSSDcachehitperformanceimprovement for smaller number of mirrored SSDs

MySQL Database Performance White Paper 5

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

Time (Minutes)

SysB

ench

Per

form

ance

(Tra

nsac

tions

per

Sec

ond)

16DR10SAS-Max of HDD Only

16DR10SAS-Max of 2DR1WB

16DR10SAS-Max of 4DR10WB

16DR10SAS-Max of 6DR10WB

16DR10SAS-Max 0f 8DR10WB

8DR10SATA-Max of HDD Only

8DR10SATA-Max of 2DR1WB

8DR10SATA-Max of 4DR10WB

8DR10SATA-Max of 6DR10WB

8DR10SATA-Max of 8DR10WB

Figure7SAS and SATA performance

ramp up time comparison

HigheruserscalabilityperserverwasalsoachievedwithCacheCadePro2.0software,whichwasdemonstratedbymeasuringthenumberofusersthatcouldaccessandquerythedatabasewithinan acceptable average latency level. This latency level was defined as 100ms to ensure an acceptable levelofuserqualityofservice(QoS).Asthenumberofthreads–orworkers–wasincreased,theSASHDD-onlyconfigurationresultsquicklyroseabovetheacceptableresponsetimewindow.However,usingCacheCadePro2.0withSSDcache,significantlyheavierworkloadthreadscouldaccessthedatabasewithoutimpactingQoS.Inthisexample,asix(6)SSDRAID1CacheCadePro2.0cachepoolconfiguration could achieve virtually the same response time for twenty workers compared to the one worker for the SAS HDD baseline configuration.

TheSATAHDDconfigurationrequiredmuchlongerrampuptimetooptimalperformancethanthe SAS HDD volumes. This is due to SATA drives taking longer to handle cache misses mentioned above.Asshowninfigure7below,theSATAHDDconfigurationstakeuptofourhourstoramptooptimal,whiletheSASHDDconfigurationstakehalfthattimewithcomparableCacheCadePro2.0cache pool configurations.

250

200

150

100

50

0

1 5 10 15 20

Aver

age

Requ

est R

espo

nse

Tim

e (m

s)

SysBench Thread Count

100 ms MaxResponse Time

HDD Only

2DR1-WB

4DR10-WB

6DR10-WB

8DR10-WB

Figure8Userscalabilitywithacceptableaverage

latencyofrequestresponsetime

For more information and sales office locations, please visit the LSI web sites at: lsi.com lsi.com/channel

LSI,LSI&Designlogo,MegaRAID,andCacheCadearetrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofLSICorporation.Allotherbrandorproductnamesmay be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

LSI Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products and services herein at any time without notice. LSI does not assume any responsibilityorliabilityarisingoutoftheapplicationoruseofanyproductorservicedescribedherein,exceptasexpresslyagreedtoin writingbyLSI;nordoesthepurchase,lease,oruseofaproductorservicefromLSIconveyalicenseunderanypatentrights,copyrights, trademarkrights,oranyotheroftheintellectualpropertyrightsofLSIorofthirdparties.

Copyright ©2011 by LSI Corporation. All rights reserved. September 2011

Further reading

FormoreinformationregardingLSIsolutions,pleasevisit,www.lsi.com/channel

Conclusion

MegaRAIDCacheCadePro2.0softwareisdesignedtodeliverperformancescalability,reducedownership costs and transactional efficiencies critical to meeting the demands of today’s rapidly expandingtransactionalweb2.0ecosystem.

CacheCadesoftwareprovidesacostconsciousoptiontointegrateandrealizeSSDperformance,reducetransactionalcost,andimproveoverallapplicationperformancewithoutextensiveinvestmentin SSDs. This is particularly evident in random read- and write-intensive workloads where adding a few SSDstoanexistingSASHDDarray--orevenreplacingthosewithfewerSATAHDDs--isfeasiblewhilemaintainingexistingHDDcapacity.

CacheCadePro2.0softwareprovidesanadditionaladvantageinthatitdoesnotrequireanymigrationofuserdataoffoftheexistingHDDvolume.

The results of this database simulation clearly show that CacheCade Pro 2.0 software improves overall databaseperformanceinbothtransactionthroughputandqueryresponselatencymeasurements.Italsoillustrateshowadatabaseservercanbeoptimized,usingSSDsandCacheCadePro2.0softwaretosupport significantly heavier workloads than was previously available in DAS server environments.

1. InthecontextofaMySQLdatabaseandtheSysBenchbenchmark,atransactionisasequenceofdatabasecommandsstartingwiththe“Begin”commandandendingwiththe“Commit”command.TheSysBenchAdvancedTransactionaltestmodeisusedtoperformdatabaseoperationsonaMySQL“InnoDB”databasesupportingtransactions.Becauseofthecommandlineoptionsused,eachSysBenchtransactionconsistsofthefollowingdatabasecommands:pointqueries,rangequeries,rangeSUMqueries,rangeORDEREDBYqueries,rangeDISTINCTqueries,UPDATEsonindexcolumn,UPDATEsonnon-indexcolumn,DELETEqueriesandINSERTqueries.EachSysBenchtransactionisconstructedsothatthetotalcontentofthedatabasedoesnotincreaseordecrease,inotherwordsthesameamountofinformationdeletedissubsequentlyinserted.