Myanmar Participants

Presented ByPresented By

Current Situation of Post-harvest technology in Myanmar

Profile of Myanmar Neighbor to China, India, Laos,

Bangladesh, Thailand

9°32’ to 28°31’ Latitude

92°10’ to 101°11’ Longitude

Area : 676,577 km2

Extended about 2361 km from

north to south

About 1078 km from east to west

A very long costal line of about

2234 km

Population over 59.13 million

Profile of Myanmar cont. Climate - rainy, dry cold, summer/ hot season

Rainfall

Costal and hilly region - 2600 – 5280 mm

Central Myanmar - 750 – 925 mm

Upper Myanmar - 1080 – 2290 mm

Temperature

Central plain

cold season – 10 – 15°C

hot season - 40°C

Hilly region

Average maximum temperature - 29°C

Average minimum temperature - 7°C

Water resource - Water resource - total annual flow - 836.73 million ac fttotal annual flow - 836.73 million ac ft

4

Land utilization in 2009-2010

Particular 000’ ha

Net area sown 11965

Fallow land 243

Cultivable waste land 5618

Reserved forests 17145

Other forest area 16080

Other land 16609

Total 67659

Sources – Agriculture Brief

Profile of Myanmar cont.

Name Sown area(ha)

Production area (ha)

Production (ton)

Rice 8069919.84 8061416.19 32690665.55

Wheat 103478.14 103476.92 18210.73

Sorghum 223855.06 223855.06 21334.22

Feed corn 362955.87 362955.87 1245684.15

Total 8760208.91 8751704.05 33975894.65

Cereal crop production in Myanmar (2009-2010)

Sources – MAS, 2010

Name Sown area

(ha)

Production

area (ha)

Production

(000,MT)

Groundnut 866420 866420 1340.56

Sesamum 1634100 1632070 853.83

Sunflower 883010 883010 769.66

Mustard 99960 99960 85.17

Niger 155800 155800 96.57

Total 3639285 3637261 3145.781

Oil seed crop production in Myanmar

Sources – MAS, 2010

Name Sown area (ha)

Production area (ha)

Production (ton)

Black Gram 1076525.34 1023099.12 1485351.32Green Mungbean 1076525.34 1076460.59 1314718.17Butterbean 63896.90 63896.90 76909.00Bocate 181332.12 181331.32 211337.58Sultani Bean 12483.56 12483.56 14456.86Sultapya Bean 92457.98 92457.98 109135.58Soybean 170892.60 170892.60 253670.98Chickpea 327538.05 327538.05 434397.45Cowpea 155508.30 155508.30 185706.39Pigeon Pea 616160.88 616160.88 760577.82Peyin/Rice bean 49617.78 48940.75 51583.40Small white bean /Duffin bean 11030.25 11030.25 11147.18

Pea & bean production area in Myanmar-1

Name Sown area

(ha)

Production

area (ha)

Production

(ton)

Lab Lab Bean 114239.47 114239.47 126838.14

Pekyar/Lima Bean 16602.39 16602.39 14991.45

Garden Pea 51145.85 51145.85 60878.15

Peyaza 2244.35 2244.35 1680.88

Green Gram 148631.58 148631.58 127751.53

Others 269317.59 269313.95 278872.46

Total 4436185.65 4382013.20 5519539.86

Pea & bean production area in Myanmar-2

Sources – MAS, 2010

Vegetable production in Myanmar 2009-2010

Name Sown area(ha)

Production area (ha)

Production (ton)

Tomato 110450 110450 1317783Lettuce 9180 9180 65986Bottle gourd 22894 22894 256349carrot 2746 2746 27549Cabbage 29066 29066 402094Mustard 36289 36289 252420Cauliflower 25184 25184 323699Radish 23099 23099 299873Water melon 18216 18216 256349Asparagus 526 526 3213Others 247190 247190 -Total 524840 524840

Sources – MAS, 2010

Fruit production in Myanmar 2009-2010 -1

Name Sown area(ha)

Production area (ha)

Production (ton)

Mango 79228 71534 482235Pineapple 21054 20628 242523Lime 17582 16489 50052Jujube 22338 20821 314272Tamarind 18458 17747 123080Orange 14156 10892 297815Durian 8420 7966 39726Pumelo 6111 5520 19911Custard apple 4091 3870 14471Litchi 5391 4425 29738Apple 1703 930 4648

Name Sown area(ha)

Production area (ha)

Production (ton)

Damson 1576 1372 14082Pear 1083 1004 13763Grape 1517 1306 10530Chest nut 87701 57067 46323Strawberry 145 145 1430Walnut 3293 2375 7222Other fruits 258785 201768Total 552768 445920

Fruit production in Myanmar 2009-2010 -2

Sources – MAS, 2010

Culinary crop production in Myanmar

Sr Name sown area(ha) Production area(ha) Production(ton)

1 Chilli 131317.06 131260.19 130449.45

2 Onion 72116.18 72116.18 1086980.72

3 Garlic 28152.08 28152.08 196682.01

4 Potato 38043.57 38043.57 551906.00

Total 269628.88 269572.00 1966018.18

Sources – MAS, 2010

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Myanmar

Agriculture - vital part of Myanma economy

12.14 % of total export earning

61 % of labor force

35.63 % of total GDP

Sources – MOAI, 2010

Data on export of agricultural products (ton)

Particular 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 (25-2-11)

Rice 697293 895870 444794

Legumes 1559028 1287600 851176

Feed corn 423596 335090 405101

Sorghum 10132 20906 11195

Sesamum 100528 88850 77760

Niger 4800 4800 57

Sources – Ministry of commerce

Particular 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 (25-2-11)

Mango 21760 44360 34276

Water melon 150365 152468 126870

Musk melon 28421 27357 13750

Jujube 39310 30247 36106

Onion 46084 14357 -

Tumerric 15385 12314 5397

Ginger 922 9626 1547

Tamarind 3597 14547 3322

Data on export of major fruits and culinary crop (ton)

Sources – Ministry of commerce

Post harvest handling- the movement of commodities and operations undergo from harvest

to meal The estimated magnitude of postharvest loss in Myanmar fresh produce - about 25-40% rice - about 5- 20 % peas and beans- 5-7%

Situation of post harvest technology in Myanmar

Estimated Levels of postharvest losses in the Asia Pacific Region

COUNTRY LEVEL OF LOSS (%)

India 40

Indonesia 20 – 50

Iran >35

Korea 20 – 50

Philipines 27 – 42

Sri-Lanka 16 – 41

Thailand 17 – 35

Vietnam 20 - 25

R.S. Rolle, Agr.Industries Officer, FAO, 2004

Postharvest losses of Fruits and Vegetable in Myanmar

Harvesting losses Transportation losses Storage losses Handling losses Total losses of fruits and vegetable – 25-40 %

Transportation

harvested crops from field to main road

Transportation

harvested crops from field to main road

by minitrailor. by minitrailor.

by boat .

by bullock-cart

Ox cartOx cart

Transport to Market

Temporary storage in the market

Loading Loading

Fresh vegetables and fruits at open marketFresh vegetables and fruits at open market

Various packaging materials

Sorting and Grading

Paper bag for good quality mango

Locally available Paper bags made by the farmers

Paper bags provided by FAO

Rice postharvest losses in Myanmar

Harvesting losses Transportation losses (to drying area ) Drying on dike losses Threshing losses Storage Losses Total losses of Rice – 5.6% - 20.9%

Sr Stage Ayeyawaddy Region

Bago region Yangon Region

1 During Harvest (%)

1.2 ~ 1.8 1.4 ~ 2.1 1.1 ~ 1.8

2 Drying on Dike (%) 4.6 ~ 6.2 1.4 ~ 3.3 1.7 ~ 2.4 3 Threshing (%) 2.6 ~ 3.3 0.4~ 1.1 0.6~ 1.6 4 Transport (%) 2.1 ~ 2.9 - -5 Storage (%) 0.8 ~ 1.5 2.8 ~ 3.5 2.1 ~ 4.1 6 Milling (%) 2.1~ 5.3 1 .6~ 3.3 1 .1~ 1.9

Total 13.4 – 20.9 8.1 – 13.3 % 5.6 – 11.8

Rice Postharvest losses in Myanmar

Tin Ohmmar Win and Hla Gyi. 2011

Harvesting by Man Power

Bundles Left in the Field for Drying

Farmers left rice bundles in the field for 10-30 days. It is one of the most injurious phase of rice quality for millers with erratic climate condition

Transportation from Field to Threshing area

Transportation From Field to Threshing machine

Threshing and Drying

Traditional Storage

Conventional Storage

Harvesting losses Drying losses Threshing and Winnowing losses Transportation losses Storage Losses Total losses of leguminous crops – 4.6% -6.6 %

Postharvest Losses in leguminous crops in Myanmar

Ref* Dr TOMW Postharvest

Postharvest Losses (%) of Legumes

Sr Stage Pigeon pea Blackgram Chickpea1 Harvest (%) 1.2 1.9 1.52 Drying (%) 0.7 0.4 0.63 Threshing &

Winnowing(%)0.9 1.2 0.9

4 Transport( %) 0.6 0.3 0.7Total (%) 4.6 6.2 6.6

Tin Ohmmar Win and Than Kyaing. 2010

Threshing, cleaning & Sorting

Constraints in post-harvest technology application in Myanmar

Poor infrastructure and logistic

Few private enterprises to investment in agriculture sector

Higher cost for improved storage system

Not enough Research works

Constraints in post-harvest technology application in Myanmar

Growers and stakeholder are unawareness of postharvest

technology

Public extension system to growers is rather weak

Limited numbers of post- harvest crop management technicians

Reduction of post-harvest losses is one of the best ways to

attain food security and increase the economy.

Simple and reliable post harvest technologies obtained from

this training can be applied to improve post harvest

technology to growers in our country.

Conclusion