My Seminar on Virtulization

8/2/2019 My Seminar on Virtulization

1/14

INTRODUCTIONIn computing, virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something,such as a hardware platform, operating system, storage device, or network resources.

Virtualization is software technology which uses a physical resource such as a server and divides

it up into virtual resources called virtual machines (VM's). Virtualization allows users to

consolidate physical resources, simplify deployment and administration, and reduce power and

cooling requirements. While virtualization technology is most popular in the server world,virtualization technology is also being used in data storage such as Storage Area Networks, and

inside of operating systems such as Windows Server.

The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative tasks while improving scalability

and overall hardware-resource utilization. With virtualization, several operating systems (OSs)

can be run in parallel on a single CPU. This parallelism tends to reduce overhead costs anddiffers from multitasking, which involves running several programs on the same OS.

Definitions:-

Virtualization A layer mapping its visible interface and resources onto the interface and

resources of the underlying layer or system on which it is implemented Purposes

Abstractionto simplify the use of the underlying resource (e.g., byremoving details of the resources structure)

Replicationto create multiple instances of the resource (e.g., to simplifymanagement or allocation)

Isolationto separate the uses which clients make of the underlyingresources (e.g., to improve security)

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) A virtualization system that partitions a single physical machine into multiple

virtual machines.

Terminology Hostthe machine and/or software on which the VMM is implemented Guestthe OS which executes under the control of the VMM.


2/14

TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATIONI. Hardware:-Hardware virtualization orplatform virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual machine thatacts like a real computer with an operating system. Software executed on these virtual machines

is separated from the underlying hardware resources. For example, a computer that is running

Microsoft Windows may host a virtual machine that looks like a computer with Ubuntu Linuxoperating system; Ubuntu-based software can be run on the virtual machine.[1][2]

In hardware virtualization, the host machine is the actual machine on which the virtualizationtakes place, and the guest machine is the virtual machine. The words hostand guestare used to

distinguish the software that runs on the actual machine from the software that runs on the virtual

machine. The software or firmware that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware is called a

hypervisoror Virtual Machine Monitor.

Different types of hardware virtualization include:

1. Full virtualization:Almost complete simulation of the actual hardware to allowsoftware, which typically consists of a guest operating system, to run unmodified

2. Partial virtualization: Some but not all of the target environment is simulated. Someguest programs, therefore, may need modifications to run in this virtual environment.

3. Paravirtualization:A hardware environment is not simulated; however, the guestprograms are executed in their own isolated domains, as if they are running on a separatesystem. Guest programs need to be specifically modified to run in this environment.

Hardware-assisted virtualizationis a way of improving the efficiency of hardwarevirtualization. It involves employing specially-designed CPUs and hardware components that

help improve the performance of a guest environment.

Hardware virtualization is not the same as hardware emulation: in hardware emulation, a piece of

hardware imitates another, while in hardware virtualization, a hypervisor (a piece of software)

imitates a particular piece of computer hardware or the whole computer altogether. Furthermore,a hypervisor is not the same as an emulator; both are computer programs that imitate hardware,

but their domain of use in language differs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-PH-19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-PH-19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-PH-19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_emulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_emulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-PH-19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-PH-19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine


3/14

II. Desktop:-Desktop virtualization is the concept of separating the logical desktop from the physical

machine.

One form of desktop virtualization, virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), can be thought as amore advanced form of hardware virtualization: Instead of directly interacting with a hostcomputer via a keyboard, mouse and monitor connected to it, the user interacts with the host

computer over a network connection (such as a LAN, Wireless LAN or even the Internet) using

another desktop computer or a mobile device. In addition, the host computer in this scenariobecomes a server computer capable of hosting multiple virtual machines at the same time for

multiple users.[3]

As organizations continue to virtualize and converge their data center environment, client

architectures also continue to evolve in order to take advantage of the predictability, continuity,

and quality of service delivered by their Converged Infrastructure. For example, companies like

HP and IBM provide a hybrid VDI model with a range of virtualization software and deliverymodels to improve upon the limitations of distributed client computing.[4]Selected client

environments move workloads from PCs and other devices to data center servers, creating well-

managed virtual clients, with applications and client operating environments hosted on serversand storage in the data center. For users, this means they can access their desktop from any

location, without being tied to a single client device. Since the resources are centralized, users

moving between work locations can still access the same client environment with theirapplications and data.[5]For IT administrators, this means a more centralized, efficient client

environment that is easier to maintain and able to more quickly respond to the changing needs of

the user and business.[6]

[7]

Another form, session virtualization, allows multiple users to connect and log into a shared butpowerful computer over the network and use it simultaneously. Each is given a desktop and a

personal folder in which they store their files.[3]

. With Multiseat configuration, sessionvirtualization can be accomplished using a single PC with multiple monitors keyboards and mice

connected.

Using Desktop Virtualization allows your company to stay more flexible in an ever changing

market. Having Virtual Desktops allows for development to be implemented quicker and more

expertly. Proper testing can also be done without the need to disturb the end user. Moving yourdesktop environment to the cloud also allows for less single points of failure if you allow a third

party to control your security and infrastructure.[8]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converged_Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loginhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiseat_configurationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-desktop-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-desktop-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-desktop-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-desktop-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiseat_configurationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loginhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converged_Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization#cite_note-consumerization-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environment


4/14

III. Software:- Operating system-level virtualization, hosting of multiple virtualized environments

within a single OS instance

Application virtualization and workspace virtualization, the hosting of individualapplications in an environment separated from the underlying OS. Applicationvirtualization is closely associated with the concept ofportable applications.

Service virtualization, emulating the behavior of dependent (e.g, third-party, evolving, ornot implemented) system components that are needed to exercise an application under

test (AUT) for development or testing purposes. Rather than virtualizing entire

components, it virtualizes only specific slices of dependent behavior critical to the

execution of development and testing tasks.

IV. Memory:- Memory virtualization, aggregating RAM resources from networked systems into a

single memory pool

Virtual memory, giving an application program the impression that it has contiguousworking memory, isolating it from the underlying physical memory implementation

V. Storage:- Storage virtualization, the process of completely abstracting logical storage from physical

storage

Distributed file system Storage hypervisor

VI. Data:- Data virtualization, the presentation of data as an abstract layer, independent of

underlying database systems, structures and storage

Database virtualization, the decoupling of the database layer, which lies between thestorage and application layers within the application stack

VII. Network:- Network virtualization, creation of a virtualized network addressing space within or

across network subnets
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system-level_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workspace_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_file_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_file_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workspace_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system-level_virtualization


5/14

HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION (in detail)

Computer hardware virtualization (or hardware virtualisation) is the virtualization ofcomputers or operating systems. It hides the physical characteristics of a computing platform

from users, instead showing another abstract computing platform.[1][2]

At its origins, the softwarethat controlled virtualization was called a "control program", but nowadays the terms

"hypervisor" or "virtual machine monitor" are preferred.[citation needed]

Concept:-

The term "virtualization" was coined in the 1960s to refer to a virtual machine (sometimes called

"pseudo machine"), a term which itself dates from the experimental IBM M44/44X system.[citationneeded] The creation and management of virtual machines has been called "platform

virtualization", or "server virtualization", more recently.

Platform virtualization is performed on a given hardware platform by hostsoftware (a control

program), which creates a simulated computer environment, a virtual machine (VM), for its

guestsoftware. The guest software is not limited to user applications; many hosts allow theexecution of complete operating systems. The guest software executes as if it were running

directly on the physical hardware, with several notable caveats. Access to physical system

resources (such as the network access, display, keyboard, and disk storage) is generally managed

at a more restrictive level than the hostprocessor and system-memory. Guests are often restricted

from accessing specific peripheral devices, or may be limited to a subset of the device's nativecapabilities, depending on the hardware access policy implemented by the virtualization host.

Virtualization often exacts performance penalties, both in resources required to run the

hypervisor, and as well as in reduced performance on the virtual machine compared to running

native on the physical machine.

Reasons for virtualization:-

In the case ofserver consolidation, many small physical servers are replaced by onelarger physical server to increase the utilization of costly hardware resources such asCPU. Although hardware is consolidated, typically OSs are not. Instead, each OS running

on a physical server becomes converted to a distinct OS running inside a virtual machine.

The large server can "host" many such "guest" virtual machines. This is known as

Physical-to-Virtual (P2V) transformation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_M44/44Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical-to-Virtualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical-to-Virtualhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_M44/44Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization


6/14

Consolidating servers can also have the added benefit of reducing energy consumption. Atypical server runs at 425W

[3]and VMware estimates an average server consolidation

ratio of 10:1.[4]

A virtual machine can be more easily controlled and inspected from outside than aphysical one, and its configuration is more flexible. This is very useful in kerneldevelopment and for teaching operating system courses.

[5]

A new virtual machine can be provisioned as needed without the need for an up-fronthardware purchase.

A virtual machine can easily be relocated from one physical machine to another asneeded. For example, a salesperson going to a customer can copy a virtual machine with

the demonstration software to his laptop, without the need to transport the physicalcomputer. Likewise, an error inside a virtual machine does not harm the host system, so

there is no risk of breaking down the OS on the laptop.

Because of the easy relocation, virtual machines can be used in disaster recoveryscenarios.

However, when multiple VMs are concurrently running on the same physical host, each VM may

exhibit a varying and unstable performance, which highly depends on the workload imposed on

the system by other VMs, unless proper techniques are used for temporal isolation among virtualmachines.

There are several approaches to platform virtualization.

Examples of virtualization scenarios:

Running one or more applications that are not supported by the host OS: A virtualmachine running the required guest OS could allow the desired applications to be run,without altering the host OS.

Evaluating an alternate operating system: The new OS could be run within a VM, withoutaltering the host OS.

Server virtualization: Multiple virtual servers could be run on a single physical server, inorder to more fully utilize the hardware resources of the physical server.

Duplicating specific environments: A virtual machine could, depending on thevirtualization software used, be duplicated and installed on multiple hosts, or restored to a

previously backed-up system state.

Creating a protected environment: if a guest OS running on a VM becomes damaged in away that is difficult to repair, such as may occur when studying malware or installing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_recoveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_isolation_among_virtual_machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_isolation_among_virtual_machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_isolation_among_virtual_machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_isolation_among_virtual_machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_recoveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-2


7/14

badly-behaved software, the VM may simply be discarded without harm to the host

system, and a clean copy used next time.

1)Full virtualization:-In full virtualization, the virtual machine simulates enough hardware to allow an unmodified"guest" OS (one designed for the same instruction set) to be run in isolation. This approach was

pioneered in 1966 with the IBM CP-40 and CP-67, predecessors of the VM family. Examples

outside the mainframe field include Parallels Workstation, Parallels Desktop for Mac,

VirtualBox, Virtual Iron, Oracle VM, Virtual PC, Virtual Server, Hyper-V, VMwareWorkstation, VMware Server (formerly GSX Server), KVM, QEMU, Adeos, Mac-on-Linux,

Win4BSD, Win4Lin Pro, and Egenera vBlade technology.

The hyperwiser interact directly with the physical servers cpu and the disk space. The hypervisor

keeps each virtual server completely independent and unaware of the other virtual servers

running on the physical machine.each application runs on its own OSyou can even have oneguest running on linux and one on windows.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_sethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_%28Operating_system%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Desktop_for_Machttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_VMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Virtual_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac-on-Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win4Linhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egenerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egenerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win4Linhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac-on-Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Virtual_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_VMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Desktop_for_Machttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_%28Operating_system%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set


8/14

2)Para virtualization:-In paravirtualization, the virtual machine does not necessarily simulate hardware, but instead (or

in addition) offers a special API that can only be used by modifying[clarification needed]

the "guest"OS. This system call to the hypervisor is called a "hypercall" in TRANGO and Xen; it is

implemented via a DIAG ("diagnose") hardware instruction in IBM's CMS under VM[clarificationneeded] (which was the origin of the term hypervisor). Examples include IBM's LPARs,

[8]Win4Lin

9x, Sun's Logical Domains, z/VM,[citation needed] and TRANGO.

3)Hardware-assisted virtualization:-In hardware-assisted virtualization, the hardware provides architectural support that facilitates

building a virtual machine monitor and allows guest OSes to be run in isolation .[6]Hardware-

assisted virtualization was first introduced on the IBM System/370 in 1972, for use withVM/370, the first virtual machine operating system. In 2005 and 2006, Intel and AMD providedadditional hardware to support virtualization. Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation)

added similar features in their UltraSPARC T-Series processors in 2005. Examples of

virtualization platforms adapted to such hardware include Linux KVM, VMware Workstation,VMware Fusion, Microsoft Hyper-V, Microsoft Virtual PC, Xen, Parallels Desktop for Mac,

Oracle VM Server for SPARC, VirtualBox and Parallels Workstation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trango_Virtual_Processorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversational_Monitor_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_%28operating_system%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPARhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win4Linhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win4Linhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Domainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/VMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARC_T3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Fusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Hyper-Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Virtual_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Desktop_for_Machttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Domainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualBoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Domainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallels_Desktop_for_Machttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Virtual_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Hyper-Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Fusionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARC_T3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/VMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Domainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win4Linhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win4Linhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPARhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_%28operating_system%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversational_Monitor_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trango_Virtual_Processorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify


9/14

In 2006 first-generation 32- and 64-bit x86 hardware support was found rarely to offer

performance advantages over software virtualization[7]

.

4)Partial virtualization:-In partial virtualization, including address space virtualization, the virtual machine simulates

multiple instances of much of an underlying hardware environment, particularly addressspaces.[clarification needed] Usually, this means that entire operating systems cannot run in the virtual

machinewhich would be the sign offull virtualizationbut that many applications can run. A

key form of partial virtualization is address space virtualization, in which each virtual machineconsists of an independent address space. This capability requires address relocation hardware.

VIRTUALIZATION WITH VMwareTransform your Business with Virtualization:-

Improve the efficiency and availability of IT resources and applications through virtualization.

Start by eliminating the old one server, one application model and run multiple virtual

machines on each physical machine. Free your IT admins from spending so much time managingservers rather than innovating. About 70% of a typical IT budget in a non-virtualized datacenter

goes towards just maintaining the existing infrastructure, with little left for innovation.

An automated datacenter built on the production-proven VMware virtualization platform lets you

respond to market dynamics faster and more efficiently than ever before. VMware vSphere

delivers resources, applicationseven serverswhen and where theyre needed. VMware

customers typically save 50-70% on overall IT costs by consolidating their resource pools anddelivering highly available machines with VMware vSphere.

Run multiple operating systems on a single computer including Windows, Linux andmore.

Let your Mac run Windows creating a virtual PC environment for all your Windowsapplications.

Reduce capital costs by increasing energy efficiency and requiring less hardware whileincreasing your server to admin ratio

Ensure your enterprise applications perform with the highest availability and performance Build up business continuity through improved disaster recovery solutions and deliver

high availability throughout the datacenter

Improve enterprise desktop management & control with faster deployment of desktopsand fewer support calls due to application conflicts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memoryhttp://www.vmware.com/products/datacenter-virtualization/vsphere/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/consolidation/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/products/desktop_virtualization/workstation/overview.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/products/desktop_virtualization/fusion/overview.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/consolidation/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/virtualization/green-it/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/solutions/business-critical-apps/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/business-continuity/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/business-continuity/disaster-recovery.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/solutions/desktop/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/desktop/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/business-continuity/disaster-recovery.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/business-continuity/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/business-critical-apps/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/virtualization/green-it/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/consolidation/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/products/desktop_virtualization/fusion/overview.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/products/desktop_virtualization/workstation/overview.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/solutions/datacenter/consolidation/index.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/products/datacenter-virtualization/vsphere/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_spacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization#cite_note-6


10/14

What is Virtualization?

Todays x86 computer hardware was designed to run a single operating system and a single

application, leaving most machines vastly underutilized. Virtualization lets you run multiplevirtual machines on a single physical machine, with each virtual machine sharing the resources

of that one physical computer across multiple environments. Different virtual machines can rundifferent operating systems and multiple applications on the same physical computer. Whileothers are leaping aboard the virtualization bandwagon now, VMware is the market leader in

virtualization. Our technology is production-proven, used by more than 170,000 customers,

including 100% of the Fortune 100.

How Does Virtualization Work?

The VMware virtualization platform is built on a business-ready architecture. Use software such

as VMware vSphere to transform or virtualize the hardware resources of an x86-based

computerincluding the CPU, RAM, hard disk and network controllerto create a fullyfunctional virtual machine that can run its own operating system and applications just like a

real computer. Each virtual machine contains a complete system, eliminating potentialconflicts. VMware virtualization works by inserting a thin layer of software directly on the

computer hardware or on a host operating system. This contains a virtual machine monitor or

hypervisor that allocates hardware resources dynamically and transparently. Multiple operatingsystems run concurrently on a single physical computer and share hardware resources with each

other. By encapsulating an entire machine, including CPU, memory, operating system, andnetwork devices, a virtual machine is completely compatible with all standard x86 operating

systems, applications, and device drivers. You can safely run several operating systems and

applications at the same time on a single computer, with each having access to the resources it

needs when it needs them.

Build your Datacenter on a Flexible Architecture:-

Virtualizing a single physical computer is just the beginning. You can build an entire virtual

infrastructure, scaling across hundreds of interconnected physical computers and storage deviceswith VMware vSphere, a proven virtualization platform used as the foundation for building

private and public clouds. You dont need to assign servers, storage, or network bandwidthpermanently to each application. Instead, your hardware resources are dynamically allocated

when and where theyre needed within your private cloud. Your highest priority applicationsalways have the necessary resources without wasting money on excess hardware only used at

peak times. Connect this private cloud to a public cloud to create a hybrid cloud, giving your

business the flexibility, availability and scalability it needs to thrive.
http://www.vmware.com/products/datacenter-virtualization/vsphere/http://www.vmware.com/virtualization/virtualization-basics/virtual-machine.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/products/datacenter-virtualization/vsphere/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/cloud-services/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/cloud-services/http://www.vmware.com/solutions/cloud-services/http://www.vmware.com/products/datacenter-virtualization/vsphere/http://www.vmware.com/virtualization/virtualization-basics/virtual-machine.htmlhttp://www.vmware.com/products/datacenter-virtualization/vsphere/


11/14

TOP 10 VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES1. VMware

Find a major data center anywhere in the world that doesn't use VMware, and then pat yourselfon the back because you've found one of the few. VMware dominates the server virtualization

market. Its domination doesn't stop with its commercial product, vSphere. VMware also

dominates the desktop-level virtualization market and perhaps even the free server virtualization

market with its VMware Server product. VMware remains in the dominant spot due to itsinnovations, strategic partnerships and rock-solid products.

2. Citrix

Citrix was once the lone wolf of application virtualization, but now it also owns the world's

most-used cloud vendor software: Xen (the basis for its commercial XenServer). Amazon usesXen for its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) services. So do Rackspace, Carpathia, SoftLayer and

1and1 for their cloud offerings. On the corporate side, you're in good company with Bechtel,

SAP and TESCO.

3. Oracle

If Oracle's world domination of the enterprise database server market doesn't impress you, its

acquisition of Sun Microsystems now makes it an impressive virtualization player. Additionally,Oracle owns an operating system (Sun Solaris), multiple virtualization software solutions

(Solaris Zones, LDoms and xVM) and server hardware (SPARC). What happens when you pit an

unstoppable force (Oracle) against an immovable object (the Data Center)? You get the Oracle-

centered Data Center.

4. Microsoft

Microsoft came up with the only non-Linux hypervisor, Hyper-V, to compete in a tight server

virtualization market that VMware currently dominates. Not easily outdone in the data centerspace, Microsoft offers attractive licensing for its Hyper-V product and the operating systems

that live on it. For all Microsoft shops, Hyper-V is a competitive solution. And, for those who

have used Microsoft's Virtual PC product, virtual machines migrate to Hyper-V quite nicely.

5. Red Hat

For the past 15 years, everyone has recognized Red Hat as an industry leader and open sourcechampion. Hailed as the most successful open source company, Red Hat entered the world of

virtualization in 2008 when it purchased Qumranet and with it, its own virtual solution: KVM

and SPICE (Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environment). Red Hat released theSPICE protocol as open source in December 2009.

6. Amazon
http://www.vmware.com/http://www.citrix.com/http://www.xen.org/http://aws.amazon.com/http://www.rackspace.com/http://www.carpathia.com/http://www.softlayer.com/http://www.1and1.com/http://www.bechtel.com/http://www.sap.com/http://www.tesco.com/http://www.oracle.com/http://www.microsoft.com/http://www.redhat.com/http://www.amazon.com/http://www.amazon.com/http://www.redhat.com/http://www.microsoft.com/http://www.oracle.com/http://www.tesco.com/http://www.sap.com/http://www.bechtel.com/http://www.1and1.com/http://www.softlayer.com/http://www.carpathia.com/http://www.rackspace.com/http://aws.amazon.com/http://www.xen.org/http://www.citrix.com/http://www.vmware.com/


12/14

Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is the industry standard virtualization platform.

Ubuntu's Cloud Server supports seamless integration with Amazon's EC2 services. EngineYard'sRuby application services leverage Amazon's cloud as well.

7. Google

When you think of Google, virtualization might not make the top of the list of things that cometo mind, but its Google Apps, AppEngine and extensive Business Services list demonstrates how

it has embraced cloud-oriented services.

8. Virtual Bridges

Virtual Bridges is the company that invented what's now known as virtual desktop infrastructure

or VDI. Its VERDE product allows companies to deploy Windows and Linux Desktops from any

32-bit or 64-bit Linux server infrastructure running kernel 2.6 or above. To learn more about this

Desktop-as-a-Managed Service, download the VERDE whitepaper.

9. Proxmox

Proxmox is a free, open source server virtualization product with a unique twist: It provides two

virtualization solutions. It provides a full virtualization solution with Kernel-based Virtual

Machine (KVM) and a container-based solution, OpenVZ.

10. Parallels

Parallels uses its open source OpenVZ project, mentioned above, for its commercial hosting

product for Linux virtual private servers. High density and low cost are the two keywords you'll

hear when experiencing a Parallels-based hosting solution. These are the two main reasons whythe world's largest hosting companies choose Parallels. But, the innovation doesn't stop at Linux

containerized virtual hosting. Parallels has also developed a containerized Windows platform to

maximize the number of Windows hosts for a given amount of hardware.

ADVANTAGES Server consolidation Reduced power and cooling Green computing Ease of deployment and administration High availability and disaster recovery
http://www.amazon.com/http://www.amazon.com/http://www.serverwatch.com/www.engineyard.comhttp://www.serverwatch.com/www.engineyard.comhttp://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/serviceshttp://www.vbridges.com/http://vbridges.com/docs/VERDE3Brochure.pdfhttp://www.proxmox.org/http://www.linux-kvm.org/http://www.linux-kvm.org/http://www.openvz.org/http://www.parallels.com/http://www.parallels.com/http://www.openvz.org/http://www.linux-kvm.org/http://www.linux-kvm.org/http://www.proxmox.org/http://vbridges.com/docs/VERDE3Brochure.pdfhttp://www.vbridges.com/http://www.google.com/serviceshttp://www.google.com/http://www.serverwatch.com/www.engineyard.comhttp://www.serverwatch.com/www.engineyard.com


13/14

LIMITATION For servers dedicated to applications with high demands on processing power,

virtualization isn't a good choice.

It's also unwise to overload a server's CPU by creating too many virtual servers on onephysical machine. The more virtual machines a physical server must support, the lessprocessing power each server can receive.

Another limitation is migration. Right now, it's only possible to migrate a virtual serverfrom one physical machine to another if both physical machines use the samemanufacturer's processor

SUMMARY Virtualization offers major savings in data center operations. Virtualization makes possible significant reductions in the costs of managing data

centers, with simplification of systems management tasks.

Virtualization offers back-up and increased redundancy for delivery of high performanceand high availability services.

Virtualization is a step in the direction of cloud computing.POPULAR VIRTUALIZATION PRODUCTS INCLUDE

VMware Microsoft Hyper-V Virtual Iron Xen


14/14

Documents

My Seminar on Virtulization