OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES Find out what programmable functions are included with the machine and learn how they are programmed To learn more about turning process using the computerized function

To get the comparison between the manual machine and the computerized machine

To master how to generate the code of the machine Understand the machines basic components.

Know the machines directions of motion or axes.

Familiarize yourself with any machine equipped accessories.

INTRODUCTION

CNC equipment offers important benefits.The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer "controller" that reads G-code instructions and drives the machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components by the selective removal of metal. CNC does numerically directed interpolation of a cutting tool in the work envelope of a machine. The operating parameters of the CNC can be altered via software load program.

Improved automation has dramatically cut down the need for a machine operator and CNCs can run unattended during an entire machining cycle, freeing the operator for other tasks. CNCs today are unbelievably accurate, especially in repeatability specifications. The flexibility of a CNC can run a variety of different programs and have work pieces leading to fast changeovers and set ups. Motion control is the basic function of any CNC machine.

APPARATUS Machine: CNC Turning Center

CNC Machine Center Paper

StationaryPROCEDURE

1. The on/off button is switched on.

2. The reference point is set. It also called as positioning or homing.

3. The dimension of the workpiece is taken to make us easy to generate the code.4. Consider what the tool will be machining.

5. Adjust the tool offsets for the tool to machine to size and check to see what direction its leaving excess stock.

6. The offset setting is created.

7. Allow the tool to completely machine the workpiece. 8. Measure what the tool has done, rerun the tool, and confirm measurements that the new offset values are correct.9. When offset setting done,input the codes.10. Turning process is fully done.

RESULT

TURNINGFACING

INTRO: 02104;

G28 U0W0;

S500 M03;

T07 07;

INTRO:08256;

G28 U0W0;

S500 M03;

T07 07;

BODY:G00 Z10;

G00 X18;

G01 Z30 . F0.5;

G00 X40;BODY: G00 Z-1;

G00 X20;

G01 X-5 . F0.5;

G00 Z20;

END:G28 U0 W0;

M30;END: G28 U0 W0;

M30;

DISCUSSIONIn this CNC Turning session we learn more about turning process using CNC machining.Athough we have not given the workpiece to do by ourselves,we are shown the process by the demostrater.Processes that produce cylindrical parts as small as cylindrical screws for eyeglass-frame hinges and as large as turbine shaft for hydroelectric power plants. This CNC machine use federate system.Feedrate is referred to how much the cutting tool will cut the workpiece in 1 minute. Different feedrate will cause the different type of surface. So, we have to make sure that the feedrate is suitable with the surface area of the workpiece before create the program code.

Turning process using CNC machine have reference point that must be set before the process is run.Reference point is divided into two types. They are machine datum and the other one is workpiece datum. Datum is a measurement of dimension. But in this process, datum is not very stressed out. CNC Turing only have two axis that are X and Z axis compared to CNC milling process have three axis that are X, Y, and Z axis.

In this process we have offset setting.A better way of assigning program zero is through offset. Offsets in your CNC control are storage locations into which numerical values can be placed, keeping you from having to keep entering the number again and again with redundant calculations. Machining center controllers call it fixture offsets. Turning center manufacturers refer to it as geometry offsets. In order to operate this machine we have to know about the code,this machine use G-code system and also M-code.G-codes are also called preparatory codes, and are any word in a CNC program that begins with the letter G. Generally it is a code telling the machine tool what type of action to perform, such as:

rapid move

controlled feed move in a straight line or arc

series of controlled feed moves that would result in a hole being bored, a workpiece cut (routed) to a specific dimension, or a decorative profile shape added to the edge of a workpiece.

change a pallet

set tool information such as offset. There are three basic motion types:

1. Modal---they remain in effect until changed.

2. End point---this motion is specified in each motion command.

3. Rapid---this motion type is used to command motion at the machines fastest possible rate to minimize non-productive time during the machining cycle.

SUGGESTIONS

During do the CNC turning we have to be carefull because it is a machine that is quite dangerous to us without any knowledge.So that,before we operate the machine especially CNC turing machine we have to know how to use or perfume it.Beside that, we have to

make sure the screen of protection is closed during the process to prevent the chips from entering our eyes.Lastly,do not set a tool when a machine is running.CONCLUSSION

We are successfully achieved the objectives of this experiment.Now, we have been able to generate the codes and run the program successfully without any error. Now we know how to adapt with any style of CNC machine tool.We are capable in make the program running in turning process. Learning how to operate a CNC machine is simply knowing when each procedure is required and following the basic sequence to attain the machines desired function.We realize that CNC machining is important in industries nowdays in order to live in our country toward development. REFERENCE

MME 1103 Workshop Technology Manual MME 1103 Workshop Technology notes The briefing from the demonstrator, Bro.Mohd Shahdan b.Mat SaidANSWERS FOR QUESTIONS1.List the steps of operating the machine starting with;

i. ON/OFF the machine

Switch the isolating switch

Switch machine switch

Press on NC power

Release emergency button

Press the sinusoidal sign

ii. Reference set-up

Press on positioning button (POS)

Press ALL at the choice menu

Refer to machine column

Press handwhell button (hw) Select axis Select speed X1(fatest) Rotate the toggle Press on 0 return button Press on cycle start (enter button)iii. Tool offset set-up Press offset setting button Press offset Press Geom Use tool T111. Set Z as 0

-move the tool until it touch the surface

-key in Z as 0

-press major

2. Set X as 0

-measure the diameter

-touch tool at the -key in X30.5

-press measure

When offset setting done,input the codes

When want to run code

-press auto button

-press single block

-press coolant2.Write a program on turning and facing processTURNINGFACING

INTRO: 02104;

G28 U0W0;

S500 M03;

T07 07;

INTRO:08256;

G28 U0W0;

S500 M03;

T07 07;

BODY:G00 Z10;

G00 X18;

G01 Z30 . F0.5;

G00 X40;BODY: G00 Z-1;

G00 X20;

G01 X-5 . F0.5; G00 Z20;

END:G28 U0 W0;

M30;END: G28 U0 W0;

M30;

3.Give 3 advantages of using CNC turning machine compare to

conventional machine.

it will give better accuracy

it will reduce errors

it will cause less errors make the workpiece nice and neat.