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2/18/10
1
TheAEFintheGreatWar
Crea0nganArmy
• Selec0veServiceAct
• TheRegularArmy
• TheNa0onalGuard
• TheNa0onalArmy
TraininganArmy
• BasictrainingintheUnitedStates– Lackofequipmentmaderealis0ctrainingintheUnitedStates
– Woodenriflescommonsights
– Emphasisplacedondiscipline,physicalfitness,basicskills
TraininganArmy
• CombattraininginFrance– MuchwasdoneunderthesupervisionofofficersandNCO’softheBataillonChasseursdeAlpin
– Trenchesbuiltinrearareassotrainingcouldberealis0c
– Weaponstraining–grenades,trenchmortars,machineguns,gas
– Tac0cs–trenchraids,wiringpar0es,etc– Housekeepinginthetrenches– Pershinginsistedontraininginopenordertac0csaswell–fireandmovement.
ArrivinginFrance
• ServicesofSupply– Improvingportfacili0es
– Storagefacili0es– Trainingcamps– Transporta0onnetworks– Rehabilita0ngtrainenginesandrollingstock– Rehabilita0ngequipment– BuyinghorsesinFrance
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TheAmalgama0onControversy
• TheBri0shandFrenchwantmanpower– BelieveitwouldbefastertoincorporateAmericanSoldiersasindividualreplacementsorbyhavingAmericanregimentsfightaspartofallieddivisions
– TherewouldbenoAmericanArmy– Pershinginsistsontakingthe0metocreateanAmericanArmy.
– Thiscontroversyisaresultofbothpoli0csandmutualdistrustoftheothersidespolicies
WheretoFight?
• Pershingplanstotakeoverasec0onofthelinecenteredontheFrenchFortressofVerdunrunningfromtheSt.MihielSalienttotheArgonneForest.
• Thisisdictatedbytwofactors1. Railnetworksconnec0ngittotheBiscayports2. Anoffensivefromthisregioncouldcapturethe
GermanFortressofMetzandthreatenlateralcommunica0onsbehindGermanlines
TheGermanSummerOffensive‐1918
• WhenRussialeavesthewar,theGermanarmyplansamassiveoffensiveinthewest– Thefirsta\acksareverysuccessful,andpushtowithinlongar0lleryrangeofParis
• BritainandFranceaskPershingforreinforcements
• USDivisionsplayanimportantroleinstoppingandturningbacktheGermana\acks– ChateauThierry,Soisson,BelleauWood,Can0gny
"Comeon,you*$%#@!,doyouwanttoliveforever?GunnerySergeantDanDaly,73rdMachineGuncompany
Ba:leofBelleauWood
Retreat?Hell,wejustgothere.‐CaptainLloydW.Williams2/5MarinesBa:leofBelleauWood
US3rdDivision“TheRockofthe
Marne”
“General, these are American regulars. In a hundred and fifty years they have never been beaten. They will hold.” Colonel Preston Brown Executive Officer, US 2nd Division Battle of Chateau Thierry
St.Mihiel–theAEF’s1stOffensive
• Germanshadheldsalientsince1914• PershingwantedtocleartheeastbankoftheMeusetoprepareforanoffensiveagainstMetz
• Germanarmywaspreparedtoabandonthesalientifa\acked
• TheAEFa\ackquicklyeliminatedthesalient,butmostoftheGermanforcesescaped
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TheMeuse‐Argonne
• Germanfrontcollapseunderallieda\ack• BritainandFrancewantsAEFtoa\acktothenorthratherthaneasttoshieldtheirflank
• PershinggrudginglyagreesandthenewtargetbecomestherailnetworkatSedan
• Thismeansa\ackingthroughtheruggedArgonneForest