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HelasHelas OutreachOutreach
A A deconstructiondeconstruction of of
“Songs“Songs of the of the Stars”Stars”
““Begin at the beginning,”Begin at the beginning,”
the King said, very gravely,the King said, very gravely,
“and then go on “and then go on till you come to the end:till you come to the end:
then stop.”then stop.”
Opening your talk Opening your talk -- HumourHumour
Be very careful with jokes!Be very careful with jokes!
AnecdotesAnecdotesTrue storiesTrue storiesSelfSelf--deprecationdeprecation
Podiums are poisonPodiums are poisonLecterns are lethalLecterns are lethal
Do not hide behind the equipment Do not hide behind the equipment ––
no barriers between you and themno barriers between you and them
Get out frontGet out front
Move about Move about somesome
Timing Timing –– the beginningthe beginning
NeverNever trust the equipmenttrust the equipment
Check it out Check it out wellwell beforebefore your talkyour talk
What to do if there are problemsWhat to do if there are problems
Let someone else sort it outLet someone else sort it out
You talk to your audience while things get fixedYou talk to your audience while things get fixedTell a storyTell a storyStart your talkStart your talkIt is a good idea to have backIt is a good idea to have back--up talk that you can up talk that you can give with no presentation materialsgive with no presentation materials
The audience holds you responsibleThe audience holds you responsible
““Going on”: Your presentationGoing on”: Your presentation
The hook!The hook!
The start is where you catch their attentionThe start is where you catch their attention
It is the most important time in your talkIt is the most important time in your talk
Have an idea to hang your talk onHave an idea to hang your talk onYou will come back to that idea at the endYou will come back to that idea at the end
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington:The Internal Constitution of the Stars
1926
At first sight it would seem At first sight it would seem that the deep interior that the deep interior of the sun and stars of the sun and stars
is less accessible is less accessible to scientific investigation to scientific investigation
than any other region of the than any other region of the universe.universe.
Sir Arthur Eddington(1882 – 1944)
Our telescopes may probe Our telescopes may probe farther and farther farther and farther
into the depths of space; into the depths of space; but how can we ever obtain but how can we ever obtain
certain knowledge certain knowledge of that which is hidden of that which is hidden
behind substantial barriers?behind substantial barriers?
What appliance What appliance can pierce through can pierce through
the outer layers of a star the outer layers of a star and test and test
the conditions within?the conditions within?
Always bring your ideasAlways bring your ideas“down to Earth”“down to Earth”
Relate to everyday lifeRelate to everyday life
Relate to everyday knowledgeRelate to everyday knowledge
This is more difficult with young people because This is more difficult with young people because they have little general knowledgethey have little general knowledge
The Music of the SpheresThe Music of the Spheres
Pythagoras of Samos (c.569 - 475 BC)
2:1 ratio
Plato said that a siren sits on each planet, who carols a Plato said that a siren sits on each planet, who carols a most sweet song, agreeing to the motion of her own most sweet song, agreeing to the motion of her own
particular planet, but harmonising with all the particular planet, but harmonising with all the others.others.
The Music of the SpheresThe Music of the Spheres
Pythagoras of Samos (c.569 - 475 BC)
2:1 ratio
Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630)
There’s not the smallest orb which thou There’s not the smallest orb which thou beholdestbeholdestbut in his motion like an angel singsbut in his motion like an angel singsStill Still quiringquiring to the youngto the young--eyed eyed cherubimscherubims
(Merchant of Venice, v. 1)(Merchant of Venice, v. 1)
Assume Assume no knowledgeno knowledge
Your audience is intelligentYour audience is intelligent
Some in your audience are highly educatedSome in your audience are highly educated
Some in your audience know more than you do Some in your audience know more than you do about some topics of your talkabout some topics of your talk
Give the basics, but do not talk down to themGive the basics, but do not talk down to them
Sound is a pressure waveSound is a pressure wave
More frequent collisions = faster sound speedMore frequent collisions = faster sound speedHigher temperature = faster sound speedHigher temperature = faster sound speedLighter gases = faster sound speedLighter gases = faster sound speed
The range of human hearingThe range of human hearing
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Bats echoBats echo--locate at 50,000 Hzlocate at 50,000 Hz
1 cycle per second = 1 Hertz = 1 Hz1 cycle per second = 1 Hertz = 1 Hz
The range of human hearingThe range of human hearing
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Elephants “rumble” at 10 HzElephants “rumble” at 10 Hz
Blue Whales “sing” at 12Blue Whales “sing” at 12--200 Hz 200 Hz
1 cycle per second = 1 Hertz = 1 Hz1 cycle per second = 1 Hertz = 1 Hz
The range of human hearingThe range of human hearing
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Galaxies have sound waves with periods Galaxies have sound waves with periods of once per 200 million years!of once per 200 million years!
1D oscillations: 1D oscillations: The baseball batThe baseball batThe cricket batThe cricket bat
The “sweet spot”The “sweet spot”
2D oscillation 2D oscillation –– drumsdrumsthe the radialradial modesmodes
2nd-overtone mode1st-overtone modefundamental mode
2D oscillation 2D oscillation –– drumsdrumsthe the nonnon--radialradial modesmodes
first overtonedipole modedipole mode quadrupole mode
2D dipole oscillations in the 2D dipole oscillations in the Tacoma Bridge disasterTacoma Bridge disaster
Cute animationsCute animations
Scientific animations are Scientific animations are helpfulhelpful
Irrelevant animations Irrelevant animations distract your audiencedistract your audience
Cepheid variablesCepheid variablesHenrietta Leavitt (1868Henrietta Leavitt (1868--1921)1921)Discovered in 1908 theDiscovered in 1908 the
PeriodPeriod--LuminosityLuminosityrelation for Cepheids in the LMCrelation for Cepheids in the LMC
“It is worthy of notice that … the brighter variables have the longer periods.” (Leavitt 1908)
Henrietta Leavitt’s PL discoveryHenrietta Leavitt’s PL discovery19121912
brighter
mag
nit
ud
e
Period in days
The proof that “spiral nebulae”The proof that “spiral nebulae”are galaxies are galaxies -- 19231923
A Cepheid in AndromedaEdwin Hubble
Expansion of the UniverseExpansion of the Universe
Fainter (so farther)
10000 km/s
1000 km/s
Edwin Hubble and Milton Humason, 1931, Astrophysical Journal, Edwin Hubble and Milton Humason, 1931, Astrophysical Journal, 7474, 43, 43
••TRACE 171A pass band; 1 MK plasma; 1999 November 6TRACE 171A pass band; 1 MK plasma; 1999 November 6
GroundGround--based detections of stellar oscillationsbased detections of stellar oscillations
Sun (BiSON)
GroundGround--based detections of stellar oscillationsbased detections of stellar oscillations
Bedding, T., et al. 2004, ApJ, 614, 380
α Centauriα Cen A
RR Lyrae stars in the RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster M3globular cluster M3
Zoltan Kollath – Konkoly Observatory, Budapest
What appliance What appliance can pierce through can pierce through
the outer layers of a star the outer layers of a star and test and test
the conditions within?the conditions within?
Stellarmusicno1Stellar acoustics as input for music compositionStellar acoustics as input for music composition
ZoltánZoltán KolláthKolláthKonkolyKonkoly Observatory, Budapest, HungaryObservatory, Budapest, Hungary
JenőJenő KeulerKeulerInstitute for Musicology, Budapest, HungaryInstitute for Musicology, Budapest, Hungary
http://www.konkoly.hu/staff/kollath/stellarmusic/
Some detailsSome details
Think about your audienceThink about your audience
Can they read your slides?Can they read your slides?Have you left them enough time?Have you left them enough time?Have you put too much in?Have you put too much in?Do they understand your graphs?Do they understand your graphs?
Keep you eye on them to see how they are Keep you eye on them to see how they are responding to you!responding to you!
Can they read your slides?Can they read your slides?If not, describe themIf not, describe them
If you do not want them to read it,If you do not want them to read it,
then do not put it in!then do not put it in!
Be careful of too much detailBe careful of too much detail
Words on slidesWords on slides
Notes for you?Notes for you?
Notes for them?Notes for them?
Both! Both! ––but mostly for thembut mostly for them
Make sure they are usefulMake sure they are useful
Can they hear you?Can they hear you?
A microphone is your friendA microphone is your friend
Do not be frightened of itDo not be frightened of it
It does not bite!It does not bite!
Listen to yourself Listen to yourself ––how do you sound to them?how do you sound to them?
““and then go on and then go on till you come to the end”till you come to the end”
Remember:Remember:
You are telling a storyYou are telling a story
Make sure there are interesting pointsMake sure there are interesting pointsto stitch together the detailsto stitch together the details
Make sure there is something for everyone Make sure there is something for everyone ––put in some advanced ideas, tooput in some advanced ideas, too
Managing your timeManaging your time
Have more than one endingHave more than one ending
Put less on slidesPut less on slidesYou can adjust how much you sayYou can adjust how much you sayYou cannot adjust the slidesYou cannot adjust the slides
Be aware of the timeBe aware of the time
Going overtimeGoing overtime
Do not do it! Do not do it! –– It is a sinIt is a sin
Your audience will stop listening to youYour audience will stop listening to you
Everyone has plans following your talkEveryone has plans following your talk
A polished presentationA polished presentation
Does it matter?Does it matter?
Yes! Yes!
It says that you have taken a lot of time because It says that you have taken a lot of time because thisthisaudience is audience is importantimportant
Audiences appreciate thatAudiences appreciate that
Don’t point out small faultsDon’t point out small faultsin your talkin your talk
Your audience will not usually notice Your audience will not usually notice
Do not bring faults to their attentionDo not bring faults to their attention
Prepare:Prepare:butbut
Do not apologise for not preparingDo not apologise for not preparing
Disaster strikesDisaster strikes
What to do?What to do?
Talk to your audience!Talk to your audience!
Question timeQuestion time
NeverNever attack a member of the audience!attack a member of the audience!
You will threaten them allYou will threaten them all
Be calm Be calm Be reasonableBe reasonable
Be patient for the first few questionsBe patient for the first few questions
HecklersHecklers