Music Grade 8 (Unit 1)

DEL ROSARIO CHRISTIAN INSTITUTE

MUSIC 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

UNIT 1 : Music

Lesson 1: The Music of Indonesia Lesson 2: The Music of Thailand Lesson 3: The Music of Cambodia Lesson 4: The Music of Myanmar

UNIT 2 : arts

Lesson 5: Indonesian Art Lesson 6: Malaysian Art Lesson 7: Vietnam Art Lesson 8: Cambodian Art

UNIT 3 : physical education

Lesson 11: Health-Related Physical FitnessLesson 12: Importance of Physical FitnessLesson 13: Principle of FitnessLesson 14: FITT FormulaLesson 15: Get Fit!

UNIT 4: health

Lesson 16: Sexual Dimension Lesson 17: Gender RolesLesson 18: Teenage ConcernsLesson 19: Sexually Transmitted InfectionsLesson 20: Preventive Measures

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND

The Indonesian people have a rich and unique heritage. They are blessed with a beautiful county full ofsnow-capped mountains, fertile rice fields, grasslands, and magnificent volcanoes.

Indonesia was formed out of 13,677 islands. With this big number of islands, one can predict that itspeople would be of diverse cultural elements and traditions.

The religions of Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity are all widely praciced in Indonesia.

THE INDONESIAN GAMELAN AND PERFORMING A VOICE GAMELAN

The Indonesians believe that instruments possess magical powers because they feel that the Music fromthe instruments can take the listener to unknown realms and experiences. Thus, they believe thatinstruments must be respected and not be stopped over.

INDONESIAN GAMELAN

The most distinctive, unique, and important music ensemble in Indonesia is the Gamelan Ensemble.Traditionally, the gamelan ensemble provides music for social functional ceremonies such us ritualceremonies, special community celebrations, and shadow puppet shows. In these modern days, evenfamilies may keep a gamelan orchestra in their homes. The word "gamel" means "to handle" (as in a tool or hammer) it is not surprising that the majority ofGamelan instruments are percussion, although the word has come to mean an ensemble even if nohammering is heard.

Musicians play simultaneous variations of a melodic line, creating a shimmering, pulsating sound. Themusical forms in gamelan involve the repetition of melodies and rhythms. The feeling of the ensemble iscooperative, and no one instrument dominates.

The instruments of the gamelan are divided into three classes according to their musical function: thestructural instruments, the melody instruments and the elaborating instruments.

A heterophonic texture is the simultaneous variation of a single melody line. A variation of the melodyis played over the original melody. Heterophony is often found in gamelan music.

UNIT 1UNIT 1LESSON 1: THE MUSIC OF INDONESIA

Del Rosario Christian Institute Inc.


GAMELAN ORCHESTRA

Become familiar with the different sections of the Gamelan Orchestra.

Sections of Instruments of the Indonesian Gamelan Orchestra according to functions:

A. Central Melody: the saron family of bronze instruments plays the central melody. These instruments aremetallophones or xylophones with thick and slightly curved metal bars. The mallets or sticks used are madeof hard wood, allowing the saron to play sharp, clear tones. 'Hammering' the saron may either be loud orsoft.

Instruments that play the central/main melody:1.Saron Demung (large, low pitched)2. Saron Barung (medium, medium pitched)3. Saron Panerus (small, high pitched)

Bonang Barung (large, low pitched)Bonang Panerus (small, high pitched)GambangGender Barung (large,low pitched)Gender Panerus (small, high pitched)

B. Melodic Elaboration: the gambang, gender and banang instruments play the melodic elaboration or addornaments to the melody. The gambang is a wooden xylophone that plays short muted sounds. The genderis a metallophone or xylophone with bars that are thinner, having a ribbed surface. The bonang consists oftwo rows o gongs.

Instruments that play melodic elaboration:


Rebab (bowed 2-stringed instrument)Suling (end-blown bamboo flute)

C. Counter Melodies: These instruments play counter melodies or melodies that enhance the centralmelody and help thicken the sound of the gamelan.

Instruments that play counter melodies:

Gong AgengKempyangKetukKenong

D. Punctuating or Colotomic Instruments: these instruments mark out points of time within the cycle ofthe central melody as the central melody is played repeatedly.

Punctuating or Colotomic Instruments: 1.2.3.4.

E. Rhythm Instruments : these instruments help the Garmelon by dictating the pace o tempo at which thegroup should play, and also providing cues that signal when the Gamelon should start playing, end playing,or shifting from one piece to another .

Rhythm Intruments:1.Bedug2.Kendang Gending.3. Kendang Ketipung

Answer the following questions:

1.Traditionally, what is the function of the Gamelan Orchestra of Indonesia?

2.What does the word 'gamel' stand for?

3.What does the instrument composition of the Gamelan Orchestra include?

4.Why does the performance of a Gamelan Orchestra have have no soloists/s?

5.What is heterophonic texture?

Enumerate the 5 major sections of the Gamelan Orchestra. Write down the function of each thenidentify the instruments under each section.

1.Section __________________________________________________________________________________ Function _________________________________________________________________________ Instruments a.) ______________________ b.) _______________________ c.) _____________________

2. Section __________________________________________________________________________________ Function _________________________________________________________________________ Instruments a.) ______________________ b.) _______________________ c.) _____________________ d.) ______________________ e.) _______________________

3. Section __________________________________________________________________________________ Function _________________________________________________________________________ Instruments a.) ______________________ b.) _______________________

4. Section __________________________________________________________________________________ Function _________________________________________________________________________ Instruments a.) ______________________ b.) _______________________ c.) _____________________ d.) ______________________ e.) _______________________

5. Section __________________________________________________________________________________ Function _________________________________________________________________________ Instruments a.) ______________________ b.) _______________________ c.) _____________________


Thailand is located in the middle of the Indochina peninsula. It shares its borders with Burma and Laosto the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the east. Like the Philippines, Thailand enjoys a tropical climate andemploys rice as the food staple. Thailand has been known as Siam before 1939 and has been rules by a kingsince the mid-14th century. The monarchs have done well for this land because Thailand is the only countryin Asia that can boast of never having been colonized by European powers. Buddhism is the primary religion and is practiced by about 95% of the population. Thailand's national symbol is the elephant and is regarded with much affection and respect. Distinct Characteristics of Thai Music and the Piphat

The Music of Thailand

Due to its location as being in the middle of tropical trade routes, the music of Thailand has primarilybeen influenced by the great ancient cultures of China and India, with traces at Roman, Persian, African, andGreek culture as well. This is evidenced primarily by the type of instruments and instruments names thatthey share with these ancient civilizations. Generally Thai music may be described as melodic. Melodies being highly ornamented with the use ofmelismas. And, with performed melodies being ornamented in different ways, it is clear that the texture Thaimusic produces is Heterophonic. The meter Thai music employs is simple. Performances are in duple meterand guided by a "ching", an instrument you will learn more about in the Piphat ensemble.

Answer the following the questions: 1.Which of the countries below are said to be the great ancient cultures that have influenced Thai music?

2. Why is Thai music described as highly melodic?

3. What does it mean when 'the music is Heterophonic in texture'?

4. What is the common meter of Thai traditional music?

5. What is the instrument that is characteristic of Thai music?

The Piphat

The most common Thai classical instrumental ensemble is the piphat. It is performed in sacred aswell as royal ceremonies and is used to accompany classical dance and traditional Thai theater.

The piphat ensemble is composed of percussion and wind instruments and may vary in size. Butthe basic instruments found in the ensemble are:

Ranat ek - wooden xylophone. It plays the main melody.


LESSON 2: THE MUSIC OF THAILAND

Khong wong yai - a set of gongs arranged in a circular manner around the performer.


Pi Nai - bass oboe, it plays an ornamented version of the melody

Ching - small pair of cymbals that produce a high "ching" sound. It is the main timekeeper.

Taphon - barrel drum, both skins are played with the hands. It is secondary timekeeper.

Long Thik - two large drums. They provide accents in the music.

Listen to an excerpt of Thai music. Take note of the following distinct characteristics: "Thai PiphatOrchestra-Siam Society"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhNoTzhzYHg

1._____ each of the instruments, playing their own melismatic and ornamented version of the melody.

2._____ produces a Heterophonic texture, with very thick, dense sound thick, dense sound

3._____ use duple meter

4._____ Drums serve their purpose as markers for accents or time keeping.

5._____ very high and fine sound of the ching that acts as the main timekeeper.


LESSON 3: THE MUSIC OF CAMBODIAANKOR WAT (WORLD HERITAGE SITE)

Cambodia is located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula and shares its borders withThailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast and Vietnam to the east. It is probably best known for its ancient temple and World Heritage Temple Site, the Angkor Wat. Theruin of this temple was discovered in modern times by French explorers in the 19th century.

Characteristics of Cambodian Music and the Pinpeat

The music of Cambodia is derived both from traditions dating back to the ancient Khmer Empire. Itmust also be noted that Cambodia's music traditions are heavily influenced by their neighbor, Thailand.Cambodian music shares great similarity with Thai music. It is similarity heterophonic in nature andmelodies are heavily ornamented just as in Thai music.

Cambodian classical music is used to accompany religious dance, which usually depicts stories andancient myths. Often times, these dances are accompanied by a Pinpeat orchestra. The Pinpeat orchestra ormusical ensemble also performs the ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples. This ensemble ismade up of approximately nine or ten wind and percussion instruments. The Pinpeat's other functions areaccompanying masked plays, and shadow plays. As you may have realized by now, the Pinpeat is analogousto the Piphat Ensemble of Thailand.

Answer the following questions:

1.Cambodia's music traditions are said to be heavily influenced by its neighboring country _________________.

2. What are the similarities between the music of Thailand and Cambodia?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.3. What is the Cambodian counterpart for the Piphat Music Ensemble of Thailand? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. This music ensemble of Cambodia is used to accompany __________________________________________________.


ranard ek - the lead high-pitched bamboo xylophone - It plays the main melodykorng thomm - gong circle - plays ornamented verison of the melodyskor thom - two big drums played with drumsticks - They provide accents in the musicsamphor - a double-headed drum played with hands - It is secondary timekeeper sralai - a quadruple-reed oboe - it play an ornamented version of the melodychhing (chhap) - finger cymbals - It is the main timekeeper

Get to know the Cambodian Pinpeat Music Ensemble:

This list presents instruments typically used in a Pinpeat Ensemble:

1.2.3.4.5.6.

ranak ek ________________________________________________________________________

korng thomm ________________________________________________________________________

skor thom ________________________________________________________________________

samphor ________________________________________________________________________

sralai ________________________________________________________________________

chhing (chhap) ________________________________________________________________________

Classify the instruments of the Cambodian Pinpeat Music Ensemble according to:

Instrument Classification


LESSON 4: THE MUSIC OF MYANMARHinduism and Buddhism as Great Influences on Thailand, Cambodian and Myanmar Cultures

The Indian religions/philosophies of Hinduism and Buddhism greatly influenced Thailand, Cambodiaand Myanmar. These philosophies took root deep in their soil and became the greatest influence in theirrespective cultures and civilizations. Through the centuries, the influence of these two philosophiescombined with other local influences within the three countries, allowing the people of Thailand, Cambodia,and Myanmar to develop their own unique character, their own sense of individuality , and their own senseof national integrity, and thus their own cultural traditions.

Myanmar's Traditional Music and the Saung-Gauk

Traditional music from Myanmar is melody oriented, harmony being absent. Meter used is simple,being in 2 or 4. Generally speaking, Myanmar shares many of its music traditions with Chinese and Thaimusic.

A very important Myanmar musical instrument is the Saung or Saung-Gauk. It is the most elegantand most prestigious instrument of Myanmar. Studies show that this is the only Asian harp still in existence.It is also the national instrument of Myanmar.

The saung-gauk is an arched harp used in traditional Burmese music. It has a beautifully gracefulshape and is strung with 13 to 16 strings that are plucked by the harpist. The saung is unique in that it has avery ancient harp tradition and produces a unique sound similar to that of the African Kora.

When playing the saung-gauk, the performer sits and holds the body on to his/her lap, with the archon the left side. The performer's right hand fingers pluck teh strings while the left hand dampens the stringsto maintain the clarity of sound.

ACTIVITY 1: Compare the music of Myanmar with that of Thailand and Cambodia.

Qualities MYANMAR THAILAND CAMBODIA

Melody

Meter

Texture

Special Instrument

Music Ensemble

Documents

Music Grade 8 (Unit 1)