Muon activities at Irfu: a status report

SPhN: S. Procureur, S. Bouteille (PhD)Sédi: D. Attié, D. Calvet, P. Magnier, I. Mandjavidze, M. Riallot

CSTS SPhN, 12/04/2016

ORIGIN OF ACTIVITIES R&D PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS STRATEGY & PERSPECTIVES

IRFU/Service

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PRINCIPLE & APPLICATIONS OF MUON TOMOGRAPHY

Deviation and absorption depend on material length and density

Muons from cosmic rays interact with matter and can be either deviated by Coulomb scattering or absorbed

Material Thickness Pabsorption

Air 100 m 0.094 0.78%

Lead 1 cm 0.28 0.49%

Lead 10 cm 1.01 2.9%

Water 1 m 0.35 4.2%

Limestone 1 m 0.74 9.5%

Limestone 100 m 99%

Limestone 1 km 99.999%

→ can be used to probe an object

→ Many applications in the world: homeland security, volcanology, archeology, mining, …

→ In France: Diaphane, TomuVol, Geo-Azur

→ Why another one? Micromegas offer spatial resolution 10-20 times better CSTS SPhN, 12/04/2016| 3

Development of « local » detectors: Micromegas → 2011: Need to test large area prototypes for Clas12

→ 2 multiplexing techniques:

Double sided (2011)

Genetic (2012)

⇒  1st prototype: 50 cm large detector, 1024 strips, 61 channels ⇒  Applications to « muon tomography » (E. Delagnes)

ORIGIN OF ACTIVITIES

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R&D

→ 2012: concept of genetic multiplexing

→ 2013: first, 1D prototype

→ 2014: 2D, resistive detectors (MG2D-v1)

→ 2015: improved version (MG2D-v2)

2D!

•  T2K/AFTER electronics •  ~90% efficiency in 1D

•  CLAS12/DREAM electronics •  ~95% efficiency in 2D

•  CLAS12/DREAM electronics •  Better shielding (N~2600 e-, S/N~60-100) •  61x17=1037 channels

•  1.5 cm drift gap (𝜇-TPC) -TPC) •  ~97% efficiency in 2D •  Longer plateau CSTS SPhN, 12/04/2016| 5 S. Bouteille et al., submitted to NIM A

R&D – KNOW HOW TRANSFER

→ From the beginning, collaboration with ELVIA for know-how transfer 2013 End 2015

⇒  Slow progress, but more involvement since ~6 months (Cassin-Chomaz meeting?) ⇒  First operational prototypes in November 2015 (and twice cheaper than at Cern)

⇒  3 more in March, for the first time built on the same site (Coutances)

⇒  Fruitful visit of M. Kebbiri & P. Magnier last week!

March 2016

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ELVIA

ELVIA

CERN

CERN

PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS: WATTO (1/2)

→ 1st use of MM tracker outdoors

1st muon telescope with multiplexed Micromegas

→ FEU from Clas12

→ Self-trigger mode

→ Miniaturized CAEN HV modules on dedicated card

→ Nano-PC (Hummingboard) •  Set & monitor HV •  Acquisition & storage

→ 30 W of consumption

→ 3.5 months of data taking •  Including 1.5 on battery + solar panels

→ Compact electronic system

•  Temperature fluctuations from 11 to 43°C •  Online feedback on T (P)

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→ WatTo-1

PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS: WATTO (2/2)

Results 4 weeks of data

Scintillators resolution @ same compactness

→ WatTo-2 (solar boards + dynamics)

emptying

4 days of data each

⇒  Validation of the most precise muon telescope in the world CSTS SPhN, 12/04/2016| 8

S. Bouteille et al., submitted to NIM A

→ 16 MG2D-v2 detectors on 4 layers of 1 m² each

PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS: M-CUBE

1 m3 muon scanner for homeland security (CBRN program, 2014-2016)

4 m

•  Self-trigger from 4 FEU on a TCM (checked) •  Topological trigger (to be done)

1’ 2’ 3’

4’ 5’ 4 hours

→ Tests with ¼ of the setup and tungsten camera:

⇒  Setup complete in ~June, tests with container, evaluation of perf till end 2016 ⇒  Already modified to serve as the NSW cosmic test bench

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𝜎↓𝑣2 ≈160−190µ𝑚

→ 4 MG2D-v2 detectors

PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS: TOMOMU

Small setup for communication purpose (La Diagonale Paris-Saclay)

2’ 10’ 30’ Lead Square

« Muona Lisa »

→ Can be used as a transportable scanner for in situ imaging:

⇒  Unique instrument in the world, benefits from excellent resolution of MM

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→ Preparation of 3 telescopes of new generation

PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS: SCANPYRAMID

Applications of WatTo developments for the imaging of pyramids

•  Thermal protection •  Waterproof •  Improved components => less noise •  3G connection •  Online data analysis (nano-PC) •  Simulation to optimize the sensitivity

→ Complement Japanese instruments (Nagoya + KEK) •  Emulsions & scintillators •  So far only inside pyramids •  Outside: (much) more sensitive to edges

→ Could be deployed end of April

→ Can test some theories within a month of data CSTS SPhN, 12/04/2016| 11

PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS: SCANPYRAMID

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PAST & ONGOING PROJECTS: MIAMM

MIcromegas Autonomes pour la Métrologie Muonique

→ Development will strongly depend on ANR acceptance

•  Acts as a free, continuous, harmless laser •  Works even with obstacles •  Requires excellent spatial resolutions •  Enormous potential on civil engineering

→ Make use of the (average) straight propagation of muons to measure positions between 2 instruments

⇒  Potential for submillimetric precision / day (~5x times better than best RTK

GPS)

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CONCLUSION, STRATEGY & PERSPECTIVES

Large number of applications, elicited many interests

→ Industrials: RATP, Socotec, Vinci, Smith Detection, (Areva)

→ Academic: archeology (e.g. Greek tumulus), reactor imaging, volcanology (Japan)

Criteria used so far:

→ Scientific interest

→ Industrial potential & advantages of our technology

→ Benefits in terms of R&D and know-how

Small group, on many activities!

Planning:

→ M-Cube: official end in 2016, will ask for extension to low Z materials

→ ScanPyramid: at least one year (already request to place telescopes inside for long periods) •  Sesame proposal (MIMOSA) to build larger instruments and perform 3D imaging

→ Muon metrology: 3 years if MIAMM funded by ANR… if not, could be initiated with post-doc

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IMPACT ON IRFU SCIENCE

→ This activity has direct impacts on R&D and scientific program of the Institute… and can have more in future

•  Strong impact on know-how transfer with Elvia

•  M-Cube: cosmic test bench for NSW

•  MG2D-v1 used for Clas12 cosmic test bench (Clas12, Compass, Minos, Asacusa) and FCC test bench

•  Applications for G-Bar (status?)

•  MIAMM: R&D/tests on gas recycling

•  Collaboration with DRT on algorithms (PhD grant)

•  Development of 2D multiplexing => ideas for large TPCs like ILC, Harpo

•  R&D on small radius detector if collaboration with Areva

•  Production for NSW •  Reduced cost and delivery times

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