Conseil Scientifique et Technique duService de Physique Nucléaire

April 5, 2004CEA/Saclay, DSM/DAPNIA/SPhN,Orme des Merisiers, Building 703

Contents

Contents 1

Agenda 3

List of members 5

COMPASS 7

Quark-Gluon Plasma: ALICE and PHENIX 15

Delayed neutron measurements from photo-fission 23

Studies of superheavy elements at GANIL 31

Status of applications of SPhN to European funding 39

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Conseil Scientifique et Technique duService de Physique Nucléaire

April 5, 2004CEA/Saclay, DSM/DAPNIA/SPhN,Orme des Merisiers, Building 703

Agenda

Public Session (building 703, room 135)Monday, April 5  9:00 –   9:30 Mid- en long-term projects at SPhN Nicolas Alamanos (25' + 5')  9:30 – 10:15 COMPASS (Addendum to proposal) Fabienne Kunne (35' +  10')10:15 – 10:40 Quark-Gluon Plasma: ALICE and

PHENIX (Status report) Alberto Baldisseri (20' + 5')

10:40 – 11:00 Coffee break

11:00 – 11:35 Delayed neutron measurements fromphoto-fission (New proposal) Danas Ridikas (25' + 10')

11:35 – 12:00 Studies of superheavy elements atGANIL (Status report) Antoine Drouart (20' + 5')

12:00 – 12:20 SLAC/E158: Parity violation in Möllerscattering (Results) Antonin Vacheret (15' + 5')

12:20 – 12:40 CLAS: Deeply virtual production ofω-mesons (Results) Michel Garçon (15' + 5')

12:40 – 14:30 Lunch break

Closed Session (building 703, room 125)Monday, April 514:30 – 17:00 Closed Session

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Conseil Scientifique et Technique duService de Physique Nucléaire

Members

Membres de droit:

Nicolas Alamanos Jean Zinn-JustinChef du SPhN Chef du DAPNIACEA/Saclay CEA/SaclayDSM/DAPNIA/SPhN DSM/DAPNIAF-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance France

Membres élus:

Michel Garçon (chairman) Frank Gunsing (secretary) Wolfram KortenCEA/Saclay CEA/Saclay CEA/SaclayDSM/DAPNIA/SPhN DSM/DAPNIA/SPhN DSM/DAPNIA/SPhNF-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance France France

Jean-Marc Le-Goff Danas RidikasCEA/Saclay CEA/SaclayDSM/DAPNIA/SPhN DSM/DAPNIA/SPhNF-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance France

Membres nommés:

Jean Barrette Piet van Duppen Dietrich von HarrachDepartment of Physics Inst. Kern- en Stralingsfysica Institut für KernphysikMcGill University Department Natuurkunde en Joh. Gutenberg Universität845 Sherbrooke Street West Sterrenkunde J. J. Becher Weg 45Montreal, Quebec University of Leuven D-55099 MainzH3A 2T5 Celestijnenlaan 200 D GermanyCanada B - 3001 Leuven

Belgium

Marek Lewitowicz Yuri Oganessian Dan-Olof RiskaGANIL Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reactions P.O. Box 64BP 55027 JINR FIN - 00014 University of HelsinkiF-14076 Caen Cédex 141980 Dubna, Moscow region FinlandFrance Russia

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Invités permanents:

Françoise Auger Jean-Paul Blaizot Paul Bonche Adj. au Chef du SPhN Chef du SPhT CEA/SaclayCEA/Saclay CEA/Saclay DSM/SPhTDSM/DAPNIA/SPhN DSM / SPhT F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette FranceFrance France

Daniel Guerreau Yves TerrienDirecteur Adjoint Adjoint au DirecteurIN2P3 CEA/Saclay3, Rue Michel-Ange DSM/DIRF-75781 Paris Cédex 16 F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance France

Pascal Debu Pierre-Olivier Lagage François DamoyChef du SACM Chef du SAP Chef du SDACEA/Saclay CEA/Saclay CEA/SaclayDSM/DAPNIA/SACM DSM/DAPNIA/SACM DSM/DAPNIA/SDAF-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance France France

Philippe Rebourgeard Pierre-Yves Chaffard Bruno MansouliéChef du SEDI Chef du SIS Chef du SPPCEA/Saclay CEA/Saclay CEA/SaclayDSM/DAPNIA/SEDI DSM/DAPNIA/SIS DSM/DAPNIA/SPPF-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance France France

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Conseil Scientifique et Technique du SPhN

RESEARCH PROPOSALTitle: COMPASS

Experiment carried out at: CERN

Spokes person(s): Alain Magnon, Gerhard Mallot

Contact person at SPhN: Fabienne Kunne

Experimental team at SPhN: J. Ball, Y. Bedfer, E. Burtin, N. d’Hose, F.Kunne, J.-M .Le Goff,

A. Magnon , C. Marchand , J. Marroncle, D. Neyret , S. Panebianco, S. Platchkov,

S.Procureur, E.Tomasi

List of DAPNIA divisions and number of people involved:

SPhN (14), SEDI, SACM, SIS

List of the laboratories and/or universities in the collaboration and number of people involved:

26 institutes, ~220 participants

SCHEDULE

Duration of project : from 2005 to 2009 (5 years)

~ 30 months preparation time; beam foreseen in fall 2006

Total beam time requested: 4 years (5 months/year)

Expected data analysis duration [months]: about 5x12 months

REQUESTED BUDGET

Total investment costs for the collaboration: 6.5 M€

Share of the total investment costs for SPhN: 600 k€

Investment/year for SPhN: 100, 250 and 250 in 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively

Total travel budget for SPhN: 450 k€ ( 4 years; 14 physicists + engineers and technicians)

Travel budget/year for SPhN: ~ 50 k€ in 2005, 100k€/year in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009

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If already evaluated by another Scientific Committee:

Experiment approved in 1997 by the SPSC at CERN for the muon and hadron programs.

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COMPASS phase II

Abstract :During its first phase (2002 to 2004) COMPASS has been running with polarized muonsscattered on polarized protons in order to probe the gluon polarization in the nucleon. Firstresults are coming, but more statistics will be needed in order to get a significantmeasurement of ΔG/G. The COMPASS collaboration is now preparing the completion andthe upgrade of the spectrometer for the second phase of physics data taking (2006 to 2009).Saclay contributions concern the new target solenoid installation and slow control, theconstruction of a drift chamber and the participation to the upgrade of the RICH electronics.

I – Introduction

The main objective for the program with muons is the determination of the gluonpolarization ΔG/G in the nucleon, which can be probed by measuring a double spinasymmetry for the Photon Gluon Fusion (PGF) reaction, γ* g q qbar. The PGF process isidentified either by detecting a charmed D meson (which results from the hadronisation of a cquark), or by selecting a pair of hadrons with large transverse momenta pT. Several otheraspects of the spin structure of the nucleon are also studied in parallel like longitudinally andtransversely polarized parton distributions. In particular data on Δs (strange flavour) and dataon the transversity distribution functions are expected. The COMPASS large angle and high flux spectrometer has been designed and buildfor these physics programs. It was commissioned in 2001 and 2002. Physics data were takenin 2002, 2003 and will be taken in 2004 with polarized muons scattered off polarized protons.In 2005 there will be no beam at CERN. The COMPASS collaboration is now preparing thecompletion and the upgrade of the spectrometer in order to be able to start a second phase ofphysics data taking (2006 to 2009) with a larger acceptance and an improved efficiency of theparticle detection and identification. Both physics programs with muons (measurement ofΔG/G, Δs and tansversity) and hadrons (charmed hadron spectroscopy, exotics and glueballs)will be addressed in this second phase.

II - Accomplishments COMPASS phase I

i) Construction (1997-2001): The contribution from Saclay to the initial layout of theCOMPASS spectrometer represents an investment of ~ 1.5 M€ devoted to:- 12 Micromegas detectors [2], 40 x 40 cm2 with associated front-end electronics (12000 ch.)- 3 Drift chambers, 1.2 x 1.2 cm2 with associated front-end electronics (3000 channels).- Reinstallation of the SMC solenoid.

ii) Data taking (2002-2004) 260 Tbytes of data have been accumulated during the ~100 daysof beam allocated each year in 2002 and 2003, with an approximate sharing of 80:20 for thelongitudinally and transversely polarized target. In 2004 a longer run of ~ 150 days of beam isscheduled.

III - Saclay Responsibilities in COMPASS

From the origin of the project up to now, Saclay has had important responsibilities inthe COMPASS collaboration:

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Spokesperson : A.Magnon 02/2003 - 02/2005Run coordination : F. Kunne 2002 – 2003Analysis coordination : J.-M. Le Goff 10/1999 – 06/2001Technical coordination S. Platchkov 07/2003 – 07/2005Publication committee F. Kunne 07/2001 – 07/2003 C. Marchand 07/2003 – 07/2005

IV – First physics results

All data taken in 2002 have been produced, and a preliminary analysis in which Saclayhad an important role, has been done. It leads to promising results in the two most importantsectors of the COMPASS spin physics program, the D0 channel and the high pT channel for

the measurement of ΔG/G:

1/- Fig.1 shows for the 2002 data the resonance peak forthe D0 mesons identified by their two-body hadronicdecay D0 K π [4]. This first step is a very importantone, but the statistics accumulated so far in this channelis not yet sufficient to extract ΔG/G.

2/- The γ-d asymmetry for high pT hadron pairs withlongitudinal target polarisation has been extracted [5]:A ( γ d h h’) = - 0.065 +- 0.036 (stat) +- 0.010(syst)This channel provides a higher statistics, compared toD0 channel. However backgrounds from processes likeγ*q q and γ*q qg compete with PGF andtheir contributions have to be removed which may resultinto non negligible additional systematic errors. Thenext step which involves a Monte-Carlo simulation to

calculate and subtract backgrounds should lead to the first estimate of ΔG / G from thisasymmetry. It should be noted that for the PGF process, a positive gluon polarization resultsin a negative asymmetry. Adding the 2002 data from all Q2 should lead to an error bar of~0.2 on ΔG /G from this channel alone. At the end of 2004, the error should be twice smaller.

The analysis of data obtained with transverse polarization is also well advanced andresults for the Collins asymmetry at several values of the xBjorken variable are expected soon.

More physics results have been derived from the 2002 data. They concern theproduction of ρ 0 and φ vector mesons at low Q2, the measurement of polarization of Λand Λbar and the flavour decomposition of polarized parton distribution functions usingsemi-inclusive events.

The production of data taken in 2003 is in progress. Although all these physics resultsare promising, we can already anticipate that by the end of the 2004 run, the muon physicsprogram will not be finished. A significant measurement of ΔG/G (x) will likely be extractedfrom the high pT channel data. On the contrary, more statistics will be needed for the D0

channel. A significant increase of the acceptance of the spectrometer is foreseen after 2005

Fig. 1 : Invariant mass of the Kπ system coming from the D0

decay ( 2002 data).

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by the use of the larger acceptance target solenoid. Additional measurements of ΔG/G and ofthe transversity distribution function are then planned.

V – Target solenoid: slow control, safety system installation and tests (addendum tophase I)

The large radius solenoid originally foreseen for the beginning of the experiment was notready in time. In order to start the muon program, it had been decided to reinstall the old SMCsolenoid in 2001. This was done by Saclay. Only thanks to this, it was possible to take data onΔG/G until 2004. The new COMPASS large radius solenoid will soon be delivered by the Oxford-DanPhysics Company. A specific addendum to the initial MoU has recently been signed betweenSaclay, CERN and COMPASS. It defines the tasks taken by Saclay / DAPNIA in order tomake the solenoid operational for COMPASS. The planning is the following:- 2004 (when solenoid delivered): Installation in Saclay, cryomagnetism, vacuum tests,cooling. Magnetic tests: field ramp up, reversal, field homogeneity, safety, slow control andquench detection.Characterisation and delivery to CERN.- 2005: Installation at CERN, tests, magnetic measurements, polarisation- 2006: Magnet operational for the data taking (end of the year). Mosts of the costs are covered by COMPASS and CERN. Saclay provides the equivalentof 5 men years labour.

VI – COMPASS phase II (2006-2010)

i) Physics program- Spin structure of the nucleon: 2 or 3 years of high energy muon beam. The new largeacceptance solenoid will be used for the polarized target. Data taking on ΔG/G, Δs andtansversity will be resumed. Estimations on expected error bars have been made. They are based on 2002 results andtake into account the foreseen upgrades of the spectrometer. They show that a significantmeasurement of ΔG/G will be feasible in the D0 channel. In parallel several points in x can beexpected from the high pT channel. For the transversity, measurements at high x will greatlybenefit from the large acceptance of the new solenoid.

- Hadron spectroscopy : 2 or 3 years with beams of pions, kaons and protons between 100and 300 GeV. The physics program covers pion and kaon polarisability, search for exoticsand glueballs states, spectroscopy of double charm baryons, and possible pentaquark studies. The COMPASS spectrometer must be equipped with electromagnetic calorimeter forthese measurements.

ii) Future Saclay investment and technical projects

An addendum to the original MoU between the institutes participating in thecollaboration and CERN is being prepared and should be signed in 2004. It concerns a totalamount of 6.5 M€ devoted to the completion and upgrade of the spectrometer in view of thesecond phase of COMPASS. The DAPNIA participation would be of the order of 600 k€.

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A detailed and critical analysis of the global efficiency of the experiment, includingrunning, tracking, and reconstruction efficiency has been made [6]. A comparison with theMonte Carlo simulation allows us to quantify most sources of losses compared to the originalproposal, to calculate the performances of the spectrometer and to identify the necessaryimprovements for the future. In particular the effort should focus on upgrades which willinsure a significant measurement of ΔG/G feasible from the D0 channel. About 20 different factors entering into the global factor of merit of the experimenthave been identified. In most of them (detector optimization, tracking and analysisimprovements) losses ranging from few per-cent to nearly a factor of 2 are possible. Thetoday’s global efficiency analysis shows that: - the obtained D0 signal is about 5 times lower than expected. This can be attributedprimarily to the RICH efficiency (nearly a factor of 2 missing), the tracking (factor 1.4) andthe beam reconstruction efficiency (factor 1.33) , and various other items like the solenoidacceptance, the RICH momentum acceptance, the trigger efficiency, etc… - the background under the signal is about 4 times higher than expected. This can beessentially attributed to the resolution on the D0 mass (factor 2.4 missing) and the RICHpurity (factor 2). - the dilution factors had been underestimated by a factor 2 in total : target dilution (factor1.4), beam polarization squared (factor 1.23) and analyzing power (factor 1.11).

From the above study, the weakest points of the present setup have been identified, andsolutions are being studied to optimize the completion of the spectrometer for the phase II.Today we can already say that the most effective actions to do are the following: - increase the acceptance by using the new target solenoid - improve the RICH efficiency and purity - improve the tracking efficiency by adding planes.Based on these arguments, and apart from the work on the new target solenoid (slow controland safety system, installation and tests) already decided upon in a dedicated MoU, we haveidentified the following projects for Saclay:

1) Construction of a large drift chamber 2 x 2 m2 adapted to the new acceptance2) Participation to the RICH read-out electronics upgrade

VII – Large drift chamber

The Saclay drift chambers used in COMPASS phase I have shown very goodperformances in terms of efficiency, spatial resolution and reliability. The size of the Saclaydrift chamber which is currently sitting behind the first dipole magnet SM1 is not sufficient tocover the acceptance which will be available when the new large radius solenoid will be inoperation. This is why we will need to build a new one with dimensions suited to theacceptance increase allowed by the new magnet. A preliminary design already exists. A difference compared to the existing chambersis that, because of the size, the frame will have to be made of 4 distinct pieces, instead of asingle one.The main characteristics of the chamber are the following:- 8 planes XX’, YY’, UU’, VV’ (angle 20°)- Drift cell: width 9 mm, gap 8 mm- Dimension: inner 2.89 x 2.06 m2 ; outer 3.36 x 2.56 m2

- Central dead zone: φ 30 cm- Front End electronics (provided by Freiburg): MAD4 amplifiers + F1 TDC cards

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Planning: the chamber can be build within 18-24 monthsTotal budget: 250 k€ (chamber 200 k€ + set of tools 50€)

VIII – RICH read-out electronics

The COMPASS RICH detector has presently limited performances due to the largebeam halo and to an insufficient chamber gain. The high rate induced by the beam halo addsup to the signal, and produces pile up. In order to improve the efficiency and the purity, twooptions have been identified : 1/- modify the characteristics of the present electronics for thepads to be able to have an accurate timing information; 2/- read the signal from the anodewires. On the first item (readout electronics for the pads) a project is being studied by a fewgroups from the collaboration. Some simulations on the modifications foreseen on the chipshave been done at DAPNIA /SEDI and validate the method of timing sampling.

On the second item (wires readout), Saclay has started some preliminary studies. Amuch better time definition of the good event helps in rejecting the pads corresponding to thewires that are not in the trigger time window. The first MC studies show that the S/N ratio forthe kaon identification could be improved by nearly a factor 2. More simulations are ongoingto help on the design and choice of the readout electronics. In parallel a series of tests arescheduled. A test FE card, based on the SFE16 chip is being studied. If the preliminary studiesare conclusive, the card will be connected to a RICH chamber and tested in a realisticenvironment. A fully equipped RICH detector would then require 1152 channels of this newelectronics. Each chamber could be read-out by nine 16-channel FE cards, followed by TDCcards (if the SFE16 chip is suitable) or by some other electronics logic card if another FE chipis selected. For the wire readout, the total estimated budget (amplifiers, TDCs, cards, … andmechanics) amount to about 100 k€.

Depending on the results of the tests and simulations, decision will be made on theoptimal upgrade of the RICH electronics.

X – References1. COMPASS proposal to the CERN SPSC 19962. D.Thers et al. NIM A469 (2001) 133; F.Kunne et al. Nucl.Phys. A721 (2003) 1087c3. H.Pereira, Ph. D. thesis 2001.4. D0 production in COMPASS. Contribution to conf.5. high pT. C.Bernet private communication.6. J.-M. Le Goff et al. COMPASS note 2004 – 01

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Conseil Scientifique et Technique du SPhN

STATUS OF EXPERIMENT

Title: ALICEDate of the first CSTS presentation: November 18th 1997

Experiment carried out at: CERNSpokes person(s): J. Schukraft

Contact person at SPhN: A. BaldisseriExperimental team at SPhN: A. Baldisseri, H. Borel, E. Dumonteil (PHD student), J. Gosset, H. Pereira,

F. Staley

List of DAPNIA divisions and number of people involved: SEDI (7), SIS(3); All the people are not

involved full time.

List of the laboratories and/or universities in the collaboration and number of people involved: In France:

IPN Lyon, IPN Orsay, LPC Clermont-Ferrand, SUBATECH Nantes, IRES Strasbourg, for a total of ~ 73institutes over ~27 countries and ~1000 people involved.

SCHEDULE

Starting date of the experiment [including preparation]: April 2007Total beam time allocated: ~1 month/year of heavy ions

Total beam time used: Several yearsData analysis duration: One year for one month data taking

Final results foreseen for: 2012 (?)

BUDGET Total Already Used

Total investment costs for the collaboration: 915 KEuros 524 KEuros

Share of the total investment costs for SPhN: ~1% (~7% of muonarm)

Total travel budget for SPhN: ~45 KEuros /year

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Please include in the report references to any published document on the present experiment.

Among the large number of reports written by the ALICE collaboration concerning all the detectors, thefollowings are the most important ones for the Dimuon Arm:

The Forward Muon Spectrometer, CERN/LHCC 96-32Dimuon Arm Technical design Report, CERN/LHCC 99-22Addendum to the Dimuon Arm Technical Design, CERN/LHCC 2000-046

Production Readiness Review of Slats of Stations 3,4 and 5 : 9th November 2001Answers to the Referees of the Production Readiness Review of slats of Stations 3,4,5 : 28th January 2003

ALICE Notes: ALICE-INT-2002-023 : Results of Slat CPC Prototype Test for ALICE Dimuon Spectrometer

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Conseil Scientifique et Technique du SPhN

STATUS OF EXPERIMENT

Title: PHENIXDate of the first CSTS presentation: December 5-6 2000

Experiment carried out at: RHIC BrookhavenSpokes person(s): W. A. Zajc

Contact person at SPhN: A. BaldisseriExperimental team at SPhN: A. Baldisseri, H. Borel, Y. Cobigo (PHD student), J. Gosset, H. Pereira, F.

Staley

List of DAPNIA divisions and number of people involved:

List of the laboratories and/or universities in the collaboration and number of people involved: In France:

LLR Ecole Polytechnique, IPN Orsay, LPC Clermont-Ferrand, SUBATECH Nantes, for a total of ~ 50

institutes over ~11 countries and ~450 people involved.

SCHEDULE

Starting date of the experiment [including preparation]: 2000

Total beam time allocated: several monthes/year of heavy ionsTotal beam time used: several years

Data analysis duration: One year per data taking periodFinal results foreseen for: 2008-2009

BUDGET Total Already Used

Total investment costs for the collaboration: 76 KEuros 76 KEuros

Share of the total investment costs for SPhN: 25% of the Frenchcontribution

Total travel budget for SPhN: ~30 KEuros /year

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Please include in the report references to any published document on the present experiment.

Among the large number of publications by the PHENIX collaboration concerning all the physics topics,we can mention the following ones signed by the SPhN group:

PHENIX DETECTOR OVERVIEW.By PHENIX Collaboration (K. Adcox et al.). 2003. 16pp.Published in Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A499:469-479,2003

PHENIX MUON ARMS.By PHENIX Collaboration (H. Akikawa et al.). 2003. 19pp.Published in Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A499:537-548,2003

SUPPRESSED PI^0 PRODUCTION AT LARGE TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM IN CENTRAL AU+AU COLLISIONS AT S(NN)**1/2 = 200 GEV.By PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.). Apr 2003. 6pp.Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.91:072301,2003

MID-RAPIDITY NEUTRAL PION PRODUCTION IN PROTON PROTON COLLISIONS AT S**(1/2)= 200-GEV.By PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.). Apr 2003. 6pp.Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.91:241803,2003

ABSENCE OF SUPPRESSION IN PARTICLE PRODUCTION AT LARGE TRANSVERSEMOMENTUM IN S(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GEV D + AU COLLISIONS.By PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.). Jun 2003. 6pp.Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.91:072303,2003

J/PSI PRODUCTION FROM PROTON PROTON COLLISIONS AT S**(1/2) = 200-GEV.By PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.). Jul 2003. 6pp.Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.92:051802,2004

J/PSI PRODUCTION IN AU AU COLLISIONS AT S(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GEV AT THERELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER.By PHENIX Collaboration (S.S. Adler et al.). May 2003. 11pp.Published in Phys.Rev.C69:014901,2004

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Status Report on ALICE and PHENIX experiments

CSTS du SPhN April 5-6, 2004

A. Baldisseri, H. Borel, Y. Cobigo*, E. Dumonteil*, J. Gosset, H. Pereira, F. Staley [M. Anfreville, M. Combet, S. Herlant, F. Orsini, Y. Pénichot, S. Salasca, M. Usseglio] (SEDI)

[P. De Girolamo, P. Hardy, V. Hennion] (SIS) * student

The general physics topic of our group is the search and study of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Weare mainly interested in the signatures coming from the resonances (J/_, ϒ ) that are studied in thedimuon channel. We are involved in two programs: ALICE (LHC at CERN) and PHENIX (RHIC atBrookhaven). We briefly present a status report on both activities.

ALICE

The ALICE experiment will be devoted to the study of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a new stateof matter supposed to be formed in central collisions between heavy nuclei at high enough energy. Itwill start to take data in 2007 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at a nucleon-nucleoncentre-of-mass energy (√sNN) of up to 5.5 TeV. Our DAPNIA group is mostly interested in studyingthe production of resonances with hidden beauty (ϒ family) or charm (J/ψ family), which are amongthe most promising probes for the quark-gluon plasma, because their formation should be hinderedthrough colour screening in a dense and coloured piece of matter like the QGP. Our group is involvedin the dimuon arm where these resonances are to be detected through their µ+µ- decay. One of us,F. Staley, is the project leader of the dimuon arm, which covers the angular range between 2 and 9°,and consists of one absorber, five tracking stations (1-5) with the third one inside a dipole magnet, aniron wall and triggering chambers. Each station includes two cathode pad chambers with pads on bothsides of the gas gap in order to get correlated x-y measurements in each chamber. One of us, H. Borel,is coordinating the design and the construction of the largest tracking stations (3-5) inside and beyondthe magnet.

Tracking chambersBecause of their large size, with an outer diameter of up to about 6 m, the chambers of the largest

tracking stations are made of modular slats, with an active area of 40 cm vertically times 80-240 cmhorizontally. Various sizes of the cathode pads are also used in order to minimize the number ofelectronic channels when taking into account the decrease of the expected occupation toward largeradii.

The main characteristics of a slat have been validated in test beams at CERN, especially lately atthe SPS with 100 GeV/c muon beam (no multiple scattering). With an efficiency of 97 %, a positionresolution of 45 µm has been achieved, over a large HV plateau, in the vertical direction, which has tobe measured with the highest accuracy for the momentum measurement. These results are well withinthe requirements of the dimuon arm. One must point out that they have been obtained with theGassiplex front-end electronics which is not the final one and will be replaced by the Manas chipmade in India. Some prototypes of the latter have been used also, but a calibration procedure is neededand has to be fully validated. Prototypes have also been used to validate the building process, thegluing, the mechanical properties, etc. It has been necessary to design special slats with rounded edgesto fit the cylindrical shape of the beam pipe and not to cut the acceptance in an angular region with thelargest cross section. These special slats have been validated too. The final R&D and validation of alltechnical solutions are finished.

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The construction of the 160 slats is shared between Cagliari, Gatchina, Nantes and Saclaylaboratories. The production of 40 slats has started in Saclay (and the other laboratories) at the end of2003 and will last 2 years. The shift concerning the production start is due partly to the finalizationphase of the slat assembly, the building and equipment of the assembly Hall in each laboratories andpartly to the availability of all the components for the four laboratories, especially the PCBs (PrintedCircuit Board on which pads are etched on the cathode planes). A test procedure of each slat is set.

The DAPNIA is responsible for the slat supports and cooling, and for the integration of thesetracking chambers in the dimuon arm. The design of the slat supports lead to the following solution.They consist of a honeycomb sandwich with carbon fibre skins. The use of carbon fibre ensures agood stiffness and a low thermal dilatation. The thickness of each support is smaller than 0.003radiation length. The largest support is ~6 m high and ~3 m wide with a thickness of 18 mm and aplanarity better than 10 mm. Each support hangs the slats (250 kg with the cables) for half a chamberon either side of the beam pipe. The supports should be built and delivered in 2004. The integration isstudied within a strong collaboration between DAPNIA and the CERN technical team. It is mostdelicate for the third station located inside the magnet, where space is lacking. After an intensivesimulation work done at Saclay, an air cooling solution has been adopted. Once again its integration isquite delicate for the third station.

Production, assembly and installation planningThe slat production in each laboratory will cover 2004-2005. The chambers will be assembled in a

Hall at CERN along the whole 2005 year: it consists in a final testing of each slat (gas, HV, read-out…) before mounting them on an half-chamber support. The installation in the cavern of these half-chambers should start at the end of 2005, due to a shift in the magnet planning, till mid 2006. Thencould start the commissioning without beams.

SimulationsOur group is involved in the simulations of the dimuon arm at several levels including the

implementation of a realistic chamber response, the track reconstruction, and the physicsperformances. Recently a strong effort has been devoted to developing a code for the chamberalignment. This code is able to fit in one step the slat displacements with respect to their guessedpositions, using a global fitting procedure for these displacements and the track parameters of severalthousands of tracks, which requires the inversion of very large matrices. The results are quiteimpressive and lead us to believe that online alignment results can be obtained frequently. Based on asample of 60,000 tracks, i.e. less than 1 mn of data taking, the true position of the slats can beobtained with a resolution of 10 and 60 µm in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, and0.01° for the rotation angle, in the case where the magnetic field is switched off.

ManpowerEven if not too large, the number of people, mainly from “technical services” SEDI and SIS,

involved in the production, assembly and installation, seems correct.Concerning the SPhN, 3 physicists (among them, A. Baldisseri is the group leader, F. Staley is theproject leader of the dimuon arm, H. Borel is coordinating the stations 345) and 1 student (E.Dumonteil) are presently mainly involved in ALICE. The student will submit his thesis mid-2004.No new student is foreseen on Alice for this year but we try to get a post-doc for 2005. The mainconcern in the short term, is to keep contact and stay well involved in the large C++ software (simulations, code developing) especially to make the simulation evolve towards an analysis code. Thisrequires special profile for post-doc or/and new physicists.

20

PHENIX

The RHIC heavy ion collider runs at intermediate energy between the SPS and the LHC, this providesa unique opportunity to explore the properties of the QGP. Among the four experiments dedicated tothis physics at Brookhaven, PHENIX is the only one devoted to the resonances study in the dimuonchannel using two dimuon arms.Beams of heavy nuclei collide at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy (√sNN) of up to 200 GeV.Our group joined this experiment at the end of 2000 with the aim to study the production of the J/ψresonance, one of the most promising signatures for the quark-gluon plasma formation in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. It is a joint effort with several teams from IN2P3, inside thePHENIX-France collaboration.

Instrumentation, measurements, and data analysisThe PHENIX-France contribution was to finance and build the electronic equipment associated to

the readout of the cathode strip chambers in one of the two magnetic spectrometers for tracking thedecay muons from the J/ψ resonance. The DAPNIA contribution was to finance it at the level of25 %. The electronics, which was made more reliable than the electronics already used in the firstmagnetic spectrometer, was installed during the summer of 2002. Since then, the PHENIX-Francegroup is responsible for the maintenance of the electronics for both muon arms.

Our DAPNIA group took part in two campaigns of measurements at √sNN = 200 GeV, performedon Au-Au collisions as well as on p-p and d-Au collisions, necessary for reference measurements. In2001-2002, 24 µb-1 of integrated luminosity were accumulated for Au-Au collisions, 0.15 pb-1 for p-pcollisions, with one muon arm only. In 2002-2003, 2.74 nb-1 were accumulated for d-Au collisions,and 0.35 pb-1 for p-p collisions, with two muon arms.

One important contribution of our group was devoted to the track and vertex reconstruction codeswithin the Kalman algorithm framework. The track reconstruction code was converted from Fortran toC++, and made more modular. The vertex reconstruction code was implemented for the first timewithin this framework. Both codes were included into the new object-oriented code developed for themuon tracker. Our group is also involved in the development of the level-2 triggering system, whichwill be very important during the 2003-2004 campaign for a fast online monitoring of the J/ψ yield inAu-Au collisions.

J/ψ results

In the PHENIX experiment the J/ψ resonance is measured in two decay channels, e+e- pairs in thecentral spectrometer at pseudorapidity |η| < 0.35 for momentum p > 0.2 GeV, and µ+µ- pairs in themuon spectrometers at pseudorapidity 1.2 < |η | < 2.4 for momentum p > 2 GeV. The integralluminosity for Au-Au collisions during the 2001-2002 campaign was rather small. Only in theelectron channel a significant, but small, number of J/ψ’s (13) was measured. The statistics is toolimited to claim any J/ψ suppression or enhancement . For p-p collisions in the same campaign 46J/ψ’s have been measured in the electron channel, and 65 in the muon channel . The total J/ψ crosssection is 4.0 ± 0.6(stat) ± 0.6(sys) ± 0.4(abs) µb. Within the present statistical uncertainty, the shapeof the rapidity distribution is compatible with most parton distribution functions. Results obtained forJ/ψ production during the 2002-2003 campaign, from more reference measurements in p-p collisionsand new ones in d-Au collisions, are right now at the preliminary stage. Many of them have beenshown at the last Quark Matter conference in Oakland (January 11-17, 2004), including rapiditydistributions, transverse momentum distributions, and also the centrality dependence in d-Aucollisions. A first conclusion seems to be that there are no large nuclear effects in d-Au collisions,which is good when one wants to be able to see J/ψ suppression in Au-Au collisions. The currentcampaign of measurements, with Au-Au collisions at high luminosity and both muon arms in 2003-2004, is crucial for this program.

21

Other resultsThe multipurpose PHENIX experiment produced many other interesting results during the 2001-

2002 and 2002-2003 campaigns of measurements. Especially worth to be mentioned is thesuppression of high transverse momentum π° in most central Au-Au collisions, up to a factor 4-5 withrespect to the production in p-p collisions scaled with the number of nucleon-nucleon collisionsoccurring in this region of centrality. When one takes into account the fact that no suppression isobserved in d-Au collisions, it is quite clear that the suppression in most central Au-Au collisions isnot due to initial-state effects, and is compatible with the strong quenching predicted to be suffered byjets in a very dense and coloured piece of nuclear matter.

Planning and manpower

Presently 2 physicists (J. Gosset and H. Pereira) are fully involved in PHENIX: they have a largecontribution in the tracking and in the current Au-Au run and analysis. Y. Cobigo, PHENIX student,will submit his thesis in 2004.

The next run in 2005 will collide lighter ions (Fe-Fe or Si-Si) and a thesis subject is proposed tocollect and analyse the data.

For a longer term, the group is investigating, in collaboration with Los Alamos laboratory and EcolePolytechnique (LLR), the possibility to add a Silicon Vertex Detector in the acceptance of the muonsarms. The goal is to measure and study the open charm and beauty production, for their own, also tobetter understand the J/_, ϒ behaviour and to determine the gluon distribution functions in nuclei,affected by the shadowing effect.

22

Conseil Scientifique et Technique du SPhN

LETTER OF INTENT

Title: Delayed neutron measurements from photo-fissionExperiment carried out at: CEA/DAM Bruyères-le-Châtel

Spokes person(s): D. RidikasContact person at SPhN: D. Ridikas (ridikas@cea.fr)

Experimental team at SPhN: J.-C. David, D. Dore, M.-L. Giacri (PhD student), D. RidikasList of DAPNIA divisions and number of people involved: to be defined by the end of 2004

List of the laboratories and/or universities in the collaboration and number of people involved:X. Ledoux (CEA/DAM), M. Gmar (CEA/DRT), M. Chadwick (LANL), K.H. Schmidt (GSI-Darmstadt),

J. Benlliure (Univ. of Santiago)

SCHEDULE

Estimated total duration of the proposed experiment: 2004-2006

Possible starting date of the experiment: feasibility experiments are in progress

Expected duration of the data analysis: 6-9 months

ESTIMATED BUDGET

Total investment costs for the collaboration: to be defined by the end of 2004

Share of the total investment cost for SPhN: ~50% and to be detailed by the end of 2004

Total Travel Budget for SPhN: ~8.0kEuros/year

(for collaboration with foreign partners, in particular with LANL)

23

24

Introduction

Recently a renewed interest in photonuclear processes has appeared. It is motivated by a numberof different applications where progress in reliable and, in some cases, very high intensity electronaccelerators was awaited [1]. A particular today’s interest is linked to the nuclear material interrogationand non-destructive nuclear waste characterization, both based on delayed neutron emission from photo-fission.

Major problems in modelling photonuclear reactions are the lack of photonuclear data oncorresponding cross sections despite the huge efforts of the IAEA [2], where data are available for 164isotopes only. In addition, no material evolution-depletion code including photonuclear reactions isavailable.

For this reason, in a close collaboration with the LANL, we have been working on thedevelopment of a new photonuclear activation data library to be included into the CINDER’90 evolutioncode [3]. HMS-ALICE [4] and GNASH [5] have been used to calculate photonuclear reaction crosssections for more than 500 isotopes. For photo-fission fragment distributions we employ the fission-evaporation code ABLA from GSI [6] known to give good results in the case of high energy spallationreactions. The photonuclear activation data library should also include also information on delayedneutrons.

Therefore, due to the lack of consistent data on photo-fission delayed neutron yields we proposeto start an experimental program in a close collaboration with CEA/DAM. Both absolute yields and timecharacteristics of delayed neutrons would be measured for a number of high priority nuclei as uraniumand plutonium isotopes including some minor actinides. In addition, we also plan to measure the delayedneutron energy spectra and angular distributions. The energy range of Bremsstrahlung photons availableare from the photo-fission threshold (~6 MeV) up to 19 MeV covering the entire Giant Dipole Resonance(GDR) region.

Part I: theoretical

CINDER’90 initially was developed to perform the activation analysis in neutron fluxes. Byadding a photonuclear activation data library the calculations can be done both in neutron and photonfluxes making the code a multi-particle activation program.

The following photonuclear library construction strategy was chosen:a) we use the IAEA evaluations explicitly for the major 164 isotopes;b) the latest version of the ALICE code (HMS-ALICE) written by M. Blann is employed to

complete the library for nearly 600 isotopes;c) in some particular cases a few evaluations with the GNASH code are performed (e.g., 235U,

239Pu, 237Np);d) the GSI fission-evaporation code ABLA is used to provide the photo-fission fragment

distributions.The energy range of incident photons is between 0 and 25 MeV, and an extension of the present

activation library up to 150 MeV is planned in the future. Our primary task during the construction of thedata library was to test the accuracy of the calculated cross sections through comparisons with theexisting experimental data and IAEA evaluations. Below we present our major findings.

HMS-ALICE predictions(see paper http://www-dapnia.cea.fr/Doc/Publications/Archives/dapnia-03-449.pdf for details)

Evaluations with GNASH(see paper http://www-dapnia.cea.fr/Doc/Publications/Archives/dapnia-03-449.pdf for details)

Predictions of photo-fission yields(see papers http://www-dapnia.cea.fr/Doc/Publications/Archives/dapnia-03-430.pdf and

25

http://www-dapnia.cea.fr/Doc/Publications/Archives/dapnia-03-449.pdf for details)

Predictions of photo-fission delayed neutron yields(see paper http://www-dapnia.cea.fr/Doc/Publications/Archives/dapnia-03-430.pdf for details)

It is well known that the time dependence of the number of fission delayed neutrons YDN(t),emitted after infinite irradiation as a result of β-decay of various fission products, known precursors, canbe represented as a sum of exponentials:()()itDNcDNDNiiiiiYtYtYPeλ−==∑∑

,

where the decay constant is equal to ln2/Ti1/2 with Ti

1/2 being the half-life of the ith precursor, Yic – the

cumulative fission yield, PiDN – the probability of emission of a delayed neutron during a β-decay. The

sum is over all delayed neutron precursors. Because the number of delayed precursors is very large (atpresent more than 270 are known), the above equation is usually approximated by lumping precursorswith similar half-lives into smaller number of groups (so called a few groups model). The mostwidespread few-group model is the 6-group model first introduced by Keepin et al. (1957) for neutroninduced fission. Similar approach was adopted to describe the photo-fission delayed neutrons.

In our case the following steps to calculate the photo-fission delayed neutron yields are employed• independent photo-fission yields are calculated with the ABLA code• cumulative photo-fission yields are estimated by the use of the CINDER’90 code• delayed neutron precursors are identified and selected according to the nuclear data tables• delayed neutron yields for all precursors are calculated using emission probabilities from the

nuclear data tables• all precursors are merged into 6 delayed neutron groups, characterised by the corresponding group

half-lives T i1/2 and time integrated delayed neutron yield niDN

(with i=1,6).We note that this approach was successfully tested to construct 6-group delayed neutron Tables in thecase of neutron induced fissions.

A typical 6-group photo-fission delayed neutron Table for U-235 is presented below, where wecompare our predictions (calculation) with data on delayed neutrons emitted from photon and neutroninduced fission. Delayed neutron yields are normalized for 100 fissions.

Group

I

Half-life

(s)

e-(25MeV) + 235U

(calculation)

e-(15MeV) + 235U

(exp. data)

n(fast) + 234U

(exp. data)

n(14MeV) + 234U

(exp. data)

1 55.60 0.063 0.052 0.052 0.050

2 20.00 0.237 0.193 0.256 0.151

3 5.45 0.294 0.146 0.213 0.137

4 2.00 0.358 0.354 0.350 0.281

5 0.50 0.109 0.134 0.057 0.046

6 0.20 0.009 0.083 0.009 0.009

All 1.070 0.962 0.937 0.674

After a detailed analysis of this Table and by knowing the actual status of photo-fission delayedneutron data one can suggest at least two ways to proceed in order to construct a complete photo-fissiondelayed neutron data library:

26

1. use of a theoretical model to predict delayed neutron yields and their time characteristics.However, one is limited by experimental data available to validate the predictions;

2. try to find systematic from neutron induced fission. Here again one is limited byexperimental data available to validate the systematic.

The above argumentation is clearly in the support of an experimental program aiming to measure photo-fission delayed neutron yields and their time characteristics. Very poor knowledge of the delayed neutrondata and their time characteristics can be the best illustrated in the case of photo-fission of U-238, whichwas studied by a few independent experimental teams. We found 3 independent experiments by Moscatiet al. (1962), Nikotin et al. (1965) and Caldwell et al. (1974) resulting in 3.6±0.8, 3.1±0.4 and 2.75±0.19delayed neutrons for 100 fissions. In addition, only Nikotin et al. (1965) provide the time characteristicsof delayed neutrons in terms of the 6-group model. On the other hand, Kull et al. (1970) also measuredthe time characteristics of delayed neutrons in terms of the 6-group model for U-238, but no absoluteyields were obtained from this experiment.

Part II: experimental

The following stages are previewed for the proposed experimental program:• calibration of neutron detectors with Cf-252 and AmBe neutron sources• calibration of neutron detectors with mono-energetic neutron beams in the energy range from

100keV to 2.0 MeV• measurements of delayed neutron yields from neutron (2 MeV) induced fission on U-238• measurements of delayed neutron yields from photon (Bremsstrahlung energy spectrum) induced

fission on U-238• proposal of a complete 2-3 year experimental program on systematic measurements of photo-

fission delayed neutron yields and corresponding time characteristics as a function of (A,Z) foractinides and as a function of electron energy (Bremsstrahlung energy spectrum); in addition, wealso plan to measure delayed neutron energy spectra and angular distributions.

0. Neutron detectors

Neutron counters we are going to use are standard He-3 detectors under pressure of 4 atmospheresworking on the principle of gas ionization via (n,p) reaction (Canberra: type 48NH30; sensitivity ~44counts/s per n/(s cm2) ). The He-3 tubes of 30 cm long and 2.5 cm diameter (active dimensions) aresurrounded by polyethylene (CH2) in order to increase the neutron detection efficiency in terms ofneutron moderation (see below). Our Monte Carlo simulations showed that an optimal CH2 thickness isaround 5 cm for neutrons in the energy range of 100keV – 1 MeV, i.e. an expected delayed neutronenergy range. To avoid the background due to the thermal neutrons reflected from the concrete walls, thepolyethylene will be coated by 1 mm cadmium foils. In this way energetic delayed neutrons passingthrough the cadmium barrier (the cadmium energy cut off is around 0.417 eV) are partly thermalized inthe polyethylene before being detected by the He-3 counters.

27

The He-3 counter signal is amplified and shaped using an industrial charge amplifier (Canberra:type DEXTRAY ACHP96). The analog signal is transmitted out of the irradiation hall to a multi-channelscaler and transmitted from the analyzer to a PC. Counting synchronization versus is performed by thestart pulse of the accelerator.

Detector efficiency was already measured for a single counter using the Cf-252 (average neutronenergy ~2.0 MeV) and Am-Be (average neutron energy ~4.2 MeV) neutron sources located at variabledistances from the detector unit. The intrinsic detector efficiency was found to be around 5 %, what wasconfirmed by the Monte Carlo simulations.

1. Test experiment with mono-energetic neutrons

It is known that delayed neutrons are emitted in the energy range of 100keV – 1 MeV. The MonteCarlo simulations have shown that our detector efficiency depends (within ~10 %) on the incidentneutron energy. To know more precisely this dependence we decided to perform detector calibration withmono-energetic neutrons produced by the p+Li reaction (resulting available neutron energy between 100keV and 700 keV) and the p+t reaction (available neutron energy between 700 keV and 2.0 MeV). Thisexperiment is presently in progress at CEA/DAM.

2. Feasibility experiment with neutron induced fission

There are much more systematic data available on delayed neutrons in the case of neutron inducedfission. Having an access to the mono-energetic neutron beam we plan to perform a feasibility experimentin order to measure delayed neutrons emitted from fission of U-238 induced by ~2 MeV neutrons. In thiscase the fission cross sections, fission fragment distributions and delayed neutron yields are knownprecisely from independent experiments. We are going to use a depleted 400 g uranium target (with 0.2 %of U-235 remaining) of metallic density (3 cm diameter and 3 cm thick). The sample will be placed at~30 cm from the neutron production target (tritium). Equally, the He-3 counters will be situated at thedistance of ~30 cm from the uranium target. The target will be irradiated for ~5 min and measurementwill be done without the beam for another ~5 min afterwards in a periodic fashion to accumulate enoughstatistics. In this way full decay curves of delayed neutrons would be obtained. We expect to obtain morethan ~10 counts/s of delayed neutrons in the detection system for the above geometrical description at theincident proton beam current of 3 µA.

In order to measure the absolute yields of delayed neutrons one needs to know the number offission events taking place in the uranium target. Two methods will be used to determine this observable:a) by knowing precisely the neutron flux (energy and intensity) on the fissionable target and also thefission cross section one can easily calculate the number of fissions taking place in the target;b) number of fission events will be measured by a standard fission chamber with U-238 coating (900 µgdeposit), operating in a pulsed mode. Finally, the obtained fission rate will be scaled to the correspondinguranium mass in the case of delayed neutron experiment. Both of these experiments are presently in progress at CEA/DAM.

3. Experiment with photon induced fission

In this experiment we plan to use the ELSA electron accelerator of CEA/DAM at Bruyères-le-Châtel to produce Bremsstrahlung photons. The electron accelerator consists of a 144 MHz photo-injectorfollowed by three 422 MHz accelerator sections. The rf sources and main power supply limit the dutycycle to a 150 µs macro-pulse at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. For low currents (10 mA), the maximum beamenergy is 2.7 MeV at the injector exit and 19 MeV at the linac exit.

Bremsstrahlung photons are produced by electrons interacting with the W target-converter (0.12cm thick). The remaining electrons will be stopped by a thick carbon layer (6 cm). Right behind thecarbon-absorber the 400 g uranium target will be placed (see below). The depleted uranium target is acylinder defined by 3 cm diameter and 3 cm thickness. Similarly like in the experiment with neutron

28

induced fission, delayed neutrons will be measured between periodic irradiations with an electron beamoff. Our Monte Carlo simulations showed that number of fissions due to the secondary neutrons will be ofthe order of 1 % compared to all fission events. The background neutrons (re-scattered from the concretewalls) might contribute up to 5 % to the signal, therefore the use of He-3 counters surrounded by Cdenvelopes will be employed to decrease this contribution to the minimum.

Another geometrical configuration without target-converter, i.e. electrons interacting directly withuranium target, also is envisaged. This approach would still increase the delayed neutron counting rate ifnecessary.

Number of fission events taking place in the target will be measured by standard fission chamberwith U-238 coating (900 µg deposit), operating in a pulsed mode. Finally, the obtained fission rate will bescaled to the corresponding uranium mass in the case of delayed neutron experiment.

Delayed neutrons in this particular experiment would be measured with electrons from ~6 MeV(photo-fission threshold) up to the maximal energy of 19 MeV in the energy bins of 0.5-1.0 MeV. In thisway a number of observables could be tested consistently as a function of energy:

• photo-fission cross section of U-238 (indirectly via unfolding with the Bremsstrahlung spectra)• delayed neutron yields and their time characteristics (directly)• some of the cumulative photo-fission fragment yields, i.e. delayed neutron precursors only

(indirectly via delayed neutron yields).This experiment is planned during the summer of 2004.

Outlook

After completing the above 0 to 3 stages we intend to propose a 2-3 year experimental program tomeasure photo-fission delayed neutron yields and their time characteristics for a number of high prioritynuclei as uranium and plutonium isotopes (including some minor actinides) in the energy range ofBremsstrahlung photons from the photo-fission threshold (~6 MeV) up to 19 MeV. The main goal of thisinitiative would be a release of a consistent delayed neutron data library to be used in material evolutioncodes as CINDER’90 and photon transport codes as MCNP(X). These delayed neutron data could be alsoemployed independently for a number of different applications as nuclear material interrogation and non-destructive nuclear waste characterization in particular. The major difficulty in the above experimentalcampaign would be an availability of the high purity and sufficient masses of actinide targets.

In parallel, we will continue our efforts on photonuclear reaction modeling and related dataevaluations. The CINDER’90 activation data library will be completed for most of the actinides using theIAEA data, the HMS-ALICE predictions and the GNASH code evaluations, where recently we achievedsome considerable improvements in predicting the total photo-absorption cross section. By the end ofthis year we intend to finalize our benchmarks of the ABLA fission-evaporation code using theexperimental (existing but very scarce) fission fragment distributions and delayed neutron yields in thecase of photo-fission. Although our preliminary results are very encouraging, it might be that also in thiscase some improvements in physics models will be needed. In this context, the above experimentalprogram will be able to provide us with consistent data to test and tune the theoretical approaches used tomodel photo-nuclear reactions in general and photo-fission delayed neutron yields in particular.

29

References

[1] D. Ridikas, P. Bokov, M.-L. Giacri, “Potential Applications of Photonuclear Processes: RenewedInterest in Electron Driven Systems”, Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Accelerator Applications/AcceleratorDriven Transmutation Technology and Applications (AccApp/ADTTA'03), 1-5 June 2003, San Diego,California, USA.[2] Handbook on photonuclear data for applications, “Cross sections and spectra”, IAEA-TECDOC-DraftNo 3.[3] W. B. Wilson, T. R. England and K. A. Van Riper “Status of CINDER’90 Codes and Data”, LosAlamos National Laboratory, report LA-UR-99-361 (1999).[4] M. Blann, “New pre-compound decay model”, Phys. Rev. C 34 (1996) 1341.[5] P. G. Young et al., “Comprehensive nuclear model calculation”, Theory and use of GNASH in“Nuclear reaction data and nuclear reactor – Physics, design and Safety – Vol 1”, Int. Centre forTheoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, April 15 - May 17 1999.[6] A. R. Junghans et al., “Projectile-fragment yields as a probe for the collective enhancement in thenuclear level density”, Nucl. Phys. A 629, 635 (1998); J. Benlliure et al., “Calculated nuclide productionyields in relativistic collisions of fissile nuclei”, Nucl. Phys. A 628, 458 (1997).

30

Conseil Scientifique et Technique du SPhN

STATUS OF EXPERIMENT

Title: Studies of Super-Heavy Elements at GANIL

Date of the first CSTS presentation: June 2001

Experiments carried out at: GANIL

Spokes person(s):

Synthesis of Superheavy Elements: G. Auger (GANIL), R. Dayras (SPhN), J. Peter (LPC Caen), C. Stodel (GANIL),

A.C.C. Villari (GANIL)

Fission lifetime of Superheavy Elements: M. Morjean (GANIL), M. Chevallier (IPN Lyon), A. Drouart (SPhN).

Spectroscopy of Superheavy Elements: Ch. Theisen (SPhN), J.M. Casandjian (GANIL), P.Butler (Liverpool)

Contact person at SPhN: A. Drouart (adrouart@cea.fr)

Experimental team at SPhN: E. Bouchez, J.-L. Charvet, A. Chatillon, E. Clement, R. Dayras, A.

Drouart, A. Görgen, W. Korten, Y. Le Coz, L. Nalpas, C. Simenel, C. Theisen, C. Volant.

List of DAPNIA divisions and number of people involved: SEDI, SACM.

List of the laboratories and/or universities in the collaboration and number of people involved: GANIL, LPC Caen, IPN Orsay, IPN Lyon, GPS Jussieu, I.F.U.S.P. (Brazil), Ins. Fyziki Uniw. (Poland), G.S.I. (Germany), CSNSM (France), L.N.S. Catania (Italy), IRES (France), University of Liverpool (Great Britain) University of Jyväskylä (Finland), JINR Dubna (Russia). (Not all people and institutions were involved in every experiment.)

I. SCHEDULE Starting date of the experiments [including preparation]: August 1999

Total beam time allocated: 107 days

Total beam time used: all

Data analysis duration: 2 years

Final results foreseen for:

II. BUDGET III. Total IV. Already Used

Total investment costs for the collaboration:

Share of the total investment costs for SPhN: 72k � FULIS chamber Total travel budget for SPhN: 25k

31

Studies of Super-Heavy Elements at GANIL The experiments dealing with Super-Heavy Elements (SHE) at GANIL have followed three paths:

- the direct synthesis of the heaviest nuclei, - the study of the fission lifetime of super-heavies, - the spectroscopy of super-heavy elements.

As far as the first part is concerned, several steps towards the highest masses have been climbed, with the synthesis of Sg (Z=106), Hs (Z=108) and attempt at Z=114. We also study the reverse kinematics using Pb beam on light targets. So far, we have established the performance of the LISE III device in terms of efficiency and rejection capability. We have demonstrated the possibility of reaching the picobarn region.

The super-heavy elements are known to exist but through the shell effect stabilization. This manifests in the resistance of the nucleus against fission. We have performed a study of long lifetime fission events with super-heavy nuclei. We used the blocking technique with a Ni crystal target and a U beam. The fission fragments and other charged particles were measured with the 4π INDRA detector.

In December 2003, an experiment aiming at the spectroscopy of 251Md was performed at GANIL. It involved the LISE III device and germanium clovers of EXOGAM, in order to perform a full gamma, electron and alpha spectroscopy of this nucleus by producing its 255Lr parent.

V. Synthesis of Super-heavy elements Today, two approaches are experimented. The fist is called “cold fusion”. It involves the fusion with a Pb (or Bi) nucleus in order to reach a compound nucleus with low excitation energy that de-excite through 1 to 3 neutrons evaporation, thus counting on a high survival probability. The second is “hot fusion”, dealing with actinide targets and hotter, neutron richer nucleus that emit 4 to 6 neutrons. The survival probability is lower, but its formation is easier thanks to the high asymmetry of the system. In such experiments, the main difficulties come from the very low counting rate. In consequence all parameters (beam intensity, targets thicknesses, filtering of the reaction products, detection ….) have to be carefully optimized for a maximum efficiency.

A. Experimental set-up The FULIS experiments use the very high intensity beam produce with the GANIL ECR source and accelerated with the CSS1 cyclotron. The beam is send in the LISE II beam line equipped with the FULIS rotating target, a Wien filter, time-of-flight detectors and an implantation silicon detector (see figure 1). We have added an ionization chamber in some experiments.

- FULIS is a 36cm radius wheel supporting the targets. It can rotate up to 2000 turns per minute for target cooling. Another identical wheel supporting carbon strippers is 30cm away from the first.

- The Wien filter of LISE III allows the rejection of the beam. It is followed by a dipole, allowing an additional selection of the transmitted ions according to their rigidity. Two triplets of quadrupoles before and after the filter focus the ions.

- The time-of-flight detectors are thin emissive foils coupled with micro-channel-plate detectors. They have an efficiency of 98% and a time resolution around 300ps (FWHM).

32

- The implantation detector is a silicon detector is a XY stripped detector. Its energy resolution is lower than 20keV. It is coupled with four “tunnel” detectors on the front. They detect the α particles emitted backward and escaping from the implantation.

- An ionization chamber [Wie03] can be used in reverse kinematics, if the evaporation residues are fast enough. The chamber is used as a very efficient veto to discriminate light particles unseen by MCP from alpha decays. It also allows a rough measurement of the Z of the evaporation residues.

Fig. 1: FULIS experimental set-up

B. Experiments performed at GANIL

1. Non-production of 293118 via cold fusion (November 1999). In Spring 1999, a LBL group announced the observation of 3 α-decay chains attributed to

293118 produced via 86Kr+ 208Pb, 1n reactions. The GANIL direction accepted our oral proposal to repeat this measurement and improve it by getting longer α-chains: a faster acquisition system allowed to detect short half-lives at the beginning of the chain; 2 movable implantation detectors made it possible to measure long half-lives at the end of the chain without background. Continuous monitoring of the targets, strippers and beam qualities was made via elastic scattering and “background” (scattered projectiles and transfer reaction products) counting rates.

No event was observed in agreement with similar experiments conducted at GSI and, later, at RIKEN and LBL (the LBL paper was retracted).

Wien filter LISE3

Slits

Q-poles

Q-poles Dipole

Slits

Reaction chamber

Rotating

C

Si

Beam

MCP 2

Degrader foils

Imp

Tunnel

MCP 1

Detection chamber

33

2. Test of small cross sections: E369 (November 2000) After the previous experiment, the PAC asked us to establish our ability to measure small cross sections. We proposed the system 58Fe+208Pb-> 263Hs (108) + 1n for which a detailed excitation function, peaking at ~70 pb, had been measured at GSI. 500 mg of 58Fe were obtained from Dubna and were transformed into Ferrocene at ISMRA. Then it was decided to use 54Cr and produce 262Sg(106)* because the cross section was larger (~500pb) although the excitation function had been obtained by GSI mostly by interpolation. The qualities of targets from various origins were checked. A good background rejection factor was obtained: 2.1010 (ratio of number of projectiles to number of background products implanted in the implantation detector). The measured cross section compared to the GSI curve indicated an excellent transmission value: ~65% (SHIP value was 40%). The PAC requirements seemed to be met.

3. Use of inverse kinematics: E339 (June 1999) and E339b (April 2002)

For the production and identification of rare SH nuclei, inverse or symmetric kinematics offers practical assets:

- gain in beam time/target thickness - better transmission (forward focusing and ionic charge distribution) - quality of data: direct estimates of A (E x time-of-flight) and Z (∆E in gas chamber); full

TKE of α-particles and spontaneous fission [Pet01]. The first PAC-approved experiment on SHE production at GANIL in June 1999 was a 208Pb

beam on a 51V target: 9 UT. It allowed us to obtain a background rejection factor up to 4x 109 and to determine several modifications to be made in the filter, mostly the lift of the first upper plate by 2 cm to reduce the background. This short test did not allow us to measure the transmission.

On the same projectile-target system, the production and study of the 1n evaporation residue 258Db(105) was undertaken in April 2002. This experiment fully suffered from the absence of a dedicated beam line:

1) due to the tight planning of following experiments, it was not possible to lift up the first upper plate by 2 cm.

2) the vertical and horizontal alignment of the reaction chamber was not made properly. That led to a very large loss of time and, together with 1), to a large background.

3) the new 250 kV power supply was connected and the filter was tested 2 days before the experiment. After one week, the response to high voltage modifications became erratic and the HV value necessary for selection of 258Db nuclei could not be used, leading to stop the experiment before the end of the allocated time. (After the experiment, a resistor in the Wien filter was found to be broken).

Results were obtained on: - a method to calibrate the time-of-flight and accurately check the velocity selected by the

Wien filter. - direct approximate information on Z of the implanted products with an ionization chamber

[Wie03] (not usable in direct kinematics, since it would stop the nuclei of interest) - a scheme for accurate α−energy calibration.

In addition, a positive test was made on the production of Th evaporation residues obtained via

208Pb+18O at the entrance of LISE for using them for Coulomb excitation experiments at the exit of LISE3: E387.

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4. Search for the new isotope 283114 : E440 (October-November 2003)

The Ion Source Group developed in 2002 a new method which allowed them to produce the high intensity 76Ge beam required for SH nuclei production: more than 1 particleµA (6.25 1012 projectiles/s). This gave to GANIL an unique opportunity to try producing 283114 via cold fusion with 208Pb, 1n.

The sensitivity of an experiment is the cross section corresponding to the detection of 1 event. It depends on the beam intensity, duration of the measurements, transmission, and target thickness up to the thickness corresponding to the full width of the excitation function (~5 MeV in center-of-mass; a thicker target helps to ensure that the excitation function is not missed). The production of 283114 was proposed with an expected sensitivity of 0.2 pb, which corresponded to theoretical predictions made in 2002 and 2003 by Ohta & Aritomo, Giardina & Nasirov, Adamian & Antonenko, Swiatecki, Abe & Bouriquet : from less than 0.1 pb to 0.4 pb.

The PAC recommended 34 UT “to prove the capability to identify nuclei produced with (sub)picobarn cross sections with the reaction 64Ni+208Pb= 271110,1n. If successful, the GANIL management is asked to increase the available beam time for Ge+Pb “, for which 56 UT were requested.

In 2003, two issues were raised: 1) an incident energy difference between GSI and RIKEN data on the excitation

functions of the 1n evaporation residues of elements 110 and 111. Therefore a comparison between GSI and GANIL energies was necessary.

2) a detailed measurement of the 1n excitation function of the reaction 58Fe(208Pb,1n)261Sg(106) gave values larger by a factor 3 to 4 than previously estimated, leading to suspect that the actual transmission in E369 was much smaller than deduced.

Since 64Ni was not available, the 34 UT were used in October 2003 on the reaction

58Fe(208Pb,1n)265Hs(108). An excellent rejection factor was obtained: > 1011 . A total of 7 events were measured at 3 incident energies with target thickness covering 3.8 MeV. They indicated the difference of beam energies at GSI and GANIL could not be larger than a few MeV, and they were supposed to be equal. The transmission was indeed 15-20 % only and the expected sensitivity for producing 283114 in 56 UT was estimated to be 0.8 pb. The GANIL direction attributed the 56 UT.

Before 76Ge, a beam of 208Pb at the velocity of 283114 was produced by CIME. Its transmission of 17 % through the target (and time-of-flight foils) established quantitatively the role of multiple Coulomb scattering. A modification of the target longitudinal position increased the angular acceptance of the first group of quadrupoles and allowed to get an overall transmission of 27 %.

During the irradiations with 76Ge, the beam and target qualities were continuously monitored as previously and with quasi-Pb transfer products. α-chains from actinide products were detected. No event from 114 was detected. Since the final sensitivity was 0.6 pb, the upper limit for 283114 is 1.2 pb in the energy range 274.5 to 278.5 MeV center-of-mass (target thickness 400 µg/cm2).

In the year 2003, the GANIL developed a new very high Ge beam intensity of 1pµA. This offers the opportunity for attempting the fusion if 76Ge + 208Pb ��284Ge. We first performed the fusion of 56Fe on 208Pb with a 10pb cross section. This reaction allows us to calibrate our incident energy and test our set-up toward the picobarn region. We observed 7 events for different incident energies. This test allows us to estimate our transmission to 25%. In this configuration, we accumulated a total beam dose of 5.1018 76Ge ions on the targets with an incident energy of 5.02MeV/A. We found no event linked to the Z=114 formation. The upper limit for the cross section is 1.2pb (68% of confidence).

Experimental developments. As pointed out above, the absence of a dedicated beam line makes experiments on SHE at

GANIL difficult and jeopardize their success. A decrease in the experiment load of LISE will improve

35

this situation. On the other hand, the availability of high intensity beams and the set-up quality are very positive points, and the experience acquired in previous experiments should be kept.

The quality of targets, which have to sustain harsh conditions, is crucial. Targets produced at GANIL were used in the last experiments and satisfy these requirements. This activity should be developed.

The α−decay lifetimes of evaporation residues formed in cold fusion reactions with Z>113 might be shorter than a few µs. In order to separate them from the ER signal in the implantation detector and correctly measure their energy, a specific electronics with digital fast analysis is under development at LPC-Caen.

In detecting rare events, redundant information is extremely useful: direct information should be obtained on the implanted nucleus in addition to its identification via α or spontaneous fission decay. For the moment, approximate values of Z (ionization chamber) and A can be obtained in inverse or symmetric kinematics [Wie03]. Developments are underway on a proportional counter and scintillation in gas (collaboration Krakow-LPC) to get more precise Z values. Later, it will be possible to obtain the scintillation information in direct kinematics experiments.

Which types of experiments are possible? - For the identification of new isotopes or elements in the subpicobarn range, both a high

beam intensity and a large transmission are necessary. In inverse kinematics, the transmission is ~70 %, but the Pb sources developed in Grenoble do not reach the necessary intensity yet.

- For nearly symmetric kinematics, the transmission remains high (60 %), large intensities of Xe are produced, and 136Xe offers the advantage of being neutron rich.

- For normal kinematics, large intensities are available for several projectiles, but the transmission must be increased. Calculations are in progress: ~37 % should be reached by a further modification of the longitudinal target position and by bringing the quadrupoles of the entrance group closer to each other (i.e. installing them on rails); further improvements would require to enlarge the pipe and therefore to built new quadrupole(s).

VI. Fission lifetime of super heavy elements Hot fusion is the other major way to the synthesis of superheavy elements. In this case, fusion products have high excitation energy. Hopefully dynamical effects during de-excitation allow the nucleus to emit enough particles without fissioning, so that the fission barrier which is initially very low, is dynamically enhanced [Ari99]. The efficiency of hot fusion depends on the speed of the disappearance of shell effects according to the temperature, and on the nuclear dissipation which strongly modifies the ratio between fission and particle emission. Some measurements of fission time through blocking have already proved the strong correlation between fission mean time and fission barrier [Mor98].

A. The Blocking Technique The principle of fission lifetime measurement is presented in figure 2, where the crystal lattice is represented by black dots. A beam is impinging on a single crystal used as a target. After the reaction, the fusion product is imparted a recoil velocity. If the lifetime is very short, a fission fragment initially emitted in the direction of an axis or plane of the lattice is deflected away, as shown in the figure for trajectory 1, and create a lack of event in the direction of the lattice axes. If the lifetime is longer, the fragment is emitted farther away from the crystal atoms. It suffers a smaller deflection (trajectory 2). The blocking effect magnitude, based on electrostatic calculations, is a straightforward measurement of the fission lifetime.

36

Fig. 2: Principle of blocking technique

The blocking technique is sensitive to long lifetime from a few 10-19s to 10-16s. Reverse kinematics are necessary to obtain sufficient recoil velocities. The higher the speed, the smaller the achievable fission times are.

B. The experiment At GANIL in June-July 2003, we studied the reactions of a 6.6MeV/A 238U beam on Si, V and Ni targets. The identification of fission fragment was made possible with the help of the 4π INDRA detector [Pou95]. This allows a high geometric coverage and the identification in Z of the fission fragments. Hopefully the resolution in Z will be ±4 units. The fragments that are emitted along the crystal axes are detected with dedicated position sensitive telescopes. These telescopes and the crystal are aligned with a goniometer. These detectors include a high resolution ionisation chamber and a silicon detector for mass and charge identification. The position measurement is reached either with a drift chamber, or with the silicon detector which can be resistive. A position resolution of 350µm is required for an angular resolution of 0.2degrees. The 4π detection of charged particles allows the determination of charged particle evaporation, incomplete fusion, deeply inelastic reactions. The analysis of the data is still in progress.

VII. Spectroscopy of Transfermium Nuclei The experimental E375 was undertaken in December 2003 with the same set up used for E440, except for the silicon detectors placed in the focal plane, which were suited for alpha plus electron spectroscopy after tagging. A set of four Exogam germanium detectors were also used for γ spectroscopy. The main goal was to achieve spectroscopic information on transfermium nuclei in order to have a better understanding of their shell structure. This first experiment consisted in performing alpha, electron and gamma spectroscopy of 251Md and populated by the alpha-decay of 255Lr, produced via the reaction 48Ca(209Bi,2n). An integrated beam dose of ~5 1017 has been accelerated during the experiment and roughly 1 alpha decay from 255Lr was detected per minute. In the off-line analysis, we are able to observe very clean alpha-alpha recoil correlations. Evidences of alpha-electron correlation are already observed. The analysis is still in progress.

VIII. References and Conferences [Ari99] Y. Aritomo & al., Phys Rev C 59 (1999) 796. [Gre02] S. Grevy & al., Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, Vol.3, No.1, (2002).

12

Cry

stal

ax i

s

Beam

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[Gre03] S. Grévy & C. Stodel, to be published in Bull. Soc. Française de Physique. LPC-C 03-08 [Mor98] M. Morjean & al., Nucl. Phys. A630 (1998) 200c [Pet00] J. Péter et al., Proc. Int. Workshop on Fusion dynamics at the extremes, May 2000, Dubna [Pet01] J. Péter & al., Int. Symposium EXON, September 2001, Baikal, Russia, Proc. ed. by Yu. Penionzhkevich and E. Cherepanov, World Sci., p. 41. LPC-C 01-13 [Pet01b] J. Péter et al., Int. Conf. Nuclear Physics at Border Lines, May 2001, Lipari, Proc. ed. by G. Fazio et al., World Sci., p. 207. LPC-C 01-10. [Pet03] J. Péter, Int. Symposium on super-heavy nuclei, June 2003, Dubna. [Pou95]J. Pouthas & al., Nucl Instr Meth A 357 (1995) 418. [Sto00] C. Stodel et al., Tours Symposium on Nuclear Physics IV, September 2000. [Sto01] C. Stodel, Symposium on Very Heavy Nuclear Systems, Trento, July 2001.* [Sto01b] C. Stodel, XIIIth colloque GANIL, September 2001 [Wie03] Wieloch & al., Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A517 (2004) 364.

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Status of applications of SPhN to European funding

Françoise Auger

At the latest CSTS of June 2003, the participation ofSPhN physicists to Integrated Infrastructure Initiativesfor Nuclear Structure (EURONS) and for Hadronicphysics (I3HP) was reviewed. The results of theapplications are given hereafter, together with newapplications (concerning mostly manpower).

39

40

Soumission

Structure du noyau _ I3 EURONS Avril 2003 CSTS SPhN Juin 2003

_ DS EURISOL Mars 2004

_ RTN HENS ?

Structure du nucléon et Plasma quark-gluon _ I3HP Avril 2003 CSTS SPhN

Juin 2003_ RTN Hapnet Novembre 2003

Physique pour le nucléaire _ IP EUROTRANS Avril 2004

_ RTD for the European security research activities

Avril 2004

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Coordinator SPhN contact Responsabilities of DAPNIA

AGATA: Advanced gamma tracking array W. Korten (SPhN) W. Korten ASICSs and radiation hard electronics, Ge detector, Pulse shape analysis, simulations

INTAG: Instrumentation for taggingP. Butler (Cern-

Isolde) W. Korten ASICs for ion Identification

EXOCHAP: Project to improve light charged particle and fragment detection

Y. Blumenfeld (IPN-Orsay)

E. Pollacco Definition, construction and testing of ASICs for preamps and signal digitizing, calculations and mesurement of detector response.

ACTAR: Active target detectors for the study of extremely exotic nuclei using direct reactions

H. Savajols (Ganil) E. Pollacco Test micromegas for high ionisation particles.simulations, algorithms for particle tracking

RHIB: Reactions with high intensity beams of exotic nuclei G. Munzenberg (GSI-Darmstadt)

J.E. Ducret Large area detectors for heavy ions and light charged particles, tests.

Super Heavy elements (N8) A. Villari (Ganil) R. Dayras

Goals of the network: Recording needs for new instruments, Coordinate research efforts, Exploiting the research capabilities of existing facilities

Gammapool (N3) S. Lenzi (Padova) W. KortenGoal: Coordination of the ressources for gamma-ray spectroscopy in Europe ( in particular equipment from EUROBALL spectrometer)

Eurons got an overall notation of 4.5/5, together with about ten other proposals, and its ranking is at place "25",

obtained by adjusting the purely scientific evaluation with some scientific policy considerations. the Commission services have started contract negociations

with the first 24 proposals.

Probably new submission at the end of 2004

Networks

EURONS (EUROpean Nuclear Structure initiative)

ERA: Specific Program "on Structuring the European Research Area"

Joint research activities

42

Nombre d'institutions dans le projet

Coût total du projet personnel des

institutions inclus

Contribution demandée à EC -personnel inclus

Contribution demandée à EC pour

le SPhN -personnel inclus

Budget demandé au SPhN intégré entre

2005 et 2008

DS EURISOL 23 30000? 9500 157 27

Safety and radioprotection task

9 3776 600 64 14

Beam intensity calculations task

? ? ? 93 12

Design Study EURISOL

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Coordination SPhN contact Objectives of the task

Safety and radioprotection task D. Ridikas (SPhN) D. Ridikas

Calculation of radiation product and activation. Study of methods for shielding against prompt radiation and for the containment of activity. Investigation of the handling of targets. Conformity of the proposed installation with legislation.

Beam intensity calculations task K. H. Schmidt (GSI) D. RidikasStudy of a procedure for calculating beam intensities ( production beams and exotic beams)in a coherent manner in order to choose between different technical solutions. The conducting of a limited number of experiments to validate the calculation is encouraged

Submission of the proposal to the European commission March 4th, 2004

Design Study EURISOL

Participation of SPhN to 2 of the 10 Tasks

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Nombre d'institutions dans le projet

Coût total du projet personnel des

institutions inclus (financé/initial)

Contribution EC pour le JRA

-personnel inclus (obtenue/demandée)

Contribution EC pour le Dapnia

-personnel inclus (obtenue/demandée)

Budget demandé au DAPNIA intégré entre 2004 et 2006

Joint research activities

GPD (subproject recoil detector)

28 850 (41.8%) 116 (57.8%) 51

Development of high speed gas detectors

13 990 (39.5%) 131.5 (40.7%) 36

Network

Hadrons theory 16 600 (80%) 0

DIMUONnet 7 150 (40.5%) 23 (47%)

I3HP Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadronic Physics

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Coordinator SPhN contact Responsabilities of DAPNIA

GPD (large volume recoil detector)

R. Kaiser (Glasgow) N. D'Hose Electronics,construction,simulation,software,management direction

High speed gas detector - F. Kunne (SPhN) and J. Wessels (Muenster) F. Kunne Hadron hard tracker, beam tracker, ASICs

Hadron Theory - Structure and dynamics of hadrons

U. G. Meissner (U. Bonn) M. Soyeur Vector meson photoproduction using effective Lagrangians

DIMUONnet - Dimuon physics in heavy-ion collisions at LHC

E. Vercellin (INFN,Turin) F. Staley Vector meson analysis, open heavy flavors,extension to p-A collisions

Financed with an overall reduction of the requested budget of about 50%

I3HP Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadronic Physics

Networks

Joint research activities

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Coordinators SPhN contact Objectives

WP1-WP2 Reference Design/XT-ADS Design

G. Rimpault, CEA L. Cinotti, Ansaldo B.

Carluec et/ou B. Giraud, Framatome ANP

H. Safa Evaluation of the optimal combination of the proton energy and current. Evaluation of the optimal choice of th sub-criticality

WP3 Accelerator A. Mueller, CNRSContinuation of the 5th program. Focus on the demonstration of a failure recovery of the beam.

WP7 Cost assessment J. Pirson, Tractebel H. Safa Extension of the previous cost assessment of PDS-XADS to XT-ADS on Mol site

WP6 In-pile instrumentation, commissioning tests, and experiments

G. Imel (DOE) F. Mellier (CEA)

S. Andriamonje

Preliminary in-pile experiments for sub-critical core characterisation and instrumentation assessment. SPhN coordinates task 6.3 Fission rate experiments and neutron spectra measurements with high energy and participates to task 6.5: Characterization and monitoring of the spallation neutron source

WP2 Nuclear data measurements A. Plompen (Geel) F. Gunsing Performance of measurements on minor actinids (neutron capture) , Pb, and Bi cross-sections in particular below 20MeV.

WP4 High energy experiments and modelling S. Leray (SPhN) S. Leray

WP5 Integral experiments G. Barreau (Bordeaux) F. Marie Performance of integral measurements to determine the optimal conditions for the transmutation of minor actinides in high intensity neutron fluxes

Budget total réaliste d' EUROTRANS = environ 50M€Demande totale réaliste à EC = environ 25M€

Submission of the proposal to the European commission: April 14th, 2004

DM5 NUDATRA , resp E. Gonzalez (CIEMAT)

Integrated project on Transmutation EUROTRANS

DM1 Design of IP Eurotrans , resp. H. Ait-Abderrahim (SCK-CEN)

DM2 TRADE PLUS , resp S. Monti (ENEA)

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Host-driven actions SPhN contact Status

Early-stage researchers to be financed by the

contract at Saclay (person-months)

Experienced researchers to be financed by the

contract at Saclay (person-months)

SPhN researchers involved in the network

Research Training networks

HENS "Heavy and Exotic Nuclear Structure" W. Korten In preparation for next call.

HAPNET "Hadronic Physics Network in Experiment and Theory"

M. Garçon Task coordinator:

Experimental developments

Submitted on 19th November 2003

12 18 10

DAPNIA as Host Fellowships for Early Stage research Training:

W. Korten In preparation

MARIE CURIE ACTIONS

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