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Multi-city Working Group
January 23, 2018
RICAPS technical assistance is available through the San Mateo County Energy Watch program, which is funded by California utility customers, administered by Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission and with matching funds provided by C/CAG.
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Agenda
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Tara Peterson
Assistant City Manager
Resolution No. ###
Carbon Tax and DividendDeborah Hirst
January 23, 2018San Mateo County
Resolution
State of California Leadership on Climate
• CA Global Warming Act of 2006 (AB32)
• SB 32 – Reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020
• Executive Order S-3-05 – 80% below 1990 levels by 2050
• Joint Resolution urging Carbon Tax and Dividend (2016)
County Action on GHG and Climate Change
• Shared Vision 2025
• Climate Action Plans
– Government
Operations (2012)
– Energy Efficiency for
Unincorporated Areas
(2013)
• Created Office of
Sustainability (2014)
• Initiated Sea Level Rise
Vulnerability Assessment
(2015)
• Launched Peninsula
Clean Energy (2016)
Coastal Resilience
San Mateo County Flood Resilience Program – 1/23/2016
San Mateo County Coastal Resilience Workshop – 1/19/17
Butano Channel/Coastal Resilience – June/July 2017
Floods, Droughts, Rising Seas, Oh My! – 3/30/2018
A Slow Moving Emergency“The report confirms that San Mateo County is the most vulnerable
county in California to future sea level rise,” Supervisor Dave Pine
• Long-term flooding and erosion – estimated value of $39.1 billion
• Phase II SLR VA will include unincorporated South Coast
Successful Results for PCE’s 1st Year
• $17M in customer
savings
• Emission reductions
equivalent to planting
a forest the size of
San Mateo County
• Opt-out rates <4%
Adoption of Carbon Tax Resolutions
2017 - San Mateo County & Marin County
2016 – California, Berkeley, Albany,
El Cerrito, Los Altos, & Richmond
2014 - San Francisco
Citizen Climate Action Lobby
Grassroots Advocacy
• Non-profit, non-partisan
• 457 active chapters internationally since formed in 2007
• National policy focus
• Shared values, local relationships
On-line
Resources
• Chapter activities
• Citizen-volunteer training
• Model resources for citizen-advocacy
• citizensclimatelobby.org
• Accomplishments at state and federal level
Citizens’ Climate Education Corporation
• Regional Economic Modeling, Inc. (REMI)
• Nation-wide macroeconomic study predicts 33% decrease in CO2 emissions within 10 years
CCL 2 Minute Introductory Video
“They borrowed the same tactic from the tobacco industry to essentially obfuscate the
issue by promoting ‘fake science’ disputing that climate change was caused by human
activities and fossil fuels particularly,” said San Mateo County Supervisor Don Horsley.
“It really has to do with their behavior,” he added. “That is the rationale for bringing the
lawsuit, holding them accountable for what they knew their product was doing.”
“San Mateo County has made it a priority to address climate change,
and this lawsuit is a key component of that effort,” said Pine. He said
his county is looking at long-term flood-associated damage costs of
over $30 billion by 2100. “The costs of adaptation are in the billions
of dollars, and the fossil fuel companies that made [climate
consequences] happen should pay for this adaptation,” he said.
San Mateo County sues 37 fossil fuel firms over sea level rise
Officials argue oil, gas, coal companies implicit in sea level rise
from emissions – San Jose Mercury News, July 17, 2017
Gary White
Chapter Group Leader
Local Governments and the COP
Process
Mike Steinhoff
Program Director
What did the Parties agree to in
Paris?
• Committing to reduce GHG emissions
broadly
• Also more generally, nations agreed to be
part of a process of
– Measurement
– Commitment
– Action
– More Measurement
http://unfccc.int/files/paris_agreement/application/pdf/pa_progress_tracker_200617.pdf
UNFCCC Progress Tracker
http://climateaction.unfccc.int/
Co
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• High Level Event Featuring Govs Brown and Schwarzenegger with the COP Presidency
• Bonn-Fiji Commitment– Committing to raise ambition and work across boarders.
– Broadly work to integrate NDCs into their work and urge nations to do more and integrate subnational action into further NDC updates
– Call the Parties to finance projects to enhance local resilience and mitigation projects
Bonn-Fiji Commitment Initiatives
• “City-Climate Planner” Certification
• CDP Carbonn integration
• Global Covenant of Mayors role
• Many finance initiatives for the global south
• RegionsAdapt
• Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative
• Urban Transitions Alliance
• And more!
• Info at: cities-and-regions.org
2018 Facilitative Dialogs
• Process by which the “Parties” to
UNFCCC take stock of progress to date in
order to inform revisions of INDCs
• Will include formal progress reports by
Parties as well as inclusion of other
assessments such as those prepared for
the California Climate Action Summit in
Sept.
Other COP 23 Takeaways
• Word on the street:– “US Cities have been doing regular inventories
since when?”
– “I had no idea how much was happening with US Cities”
• Huge interest in US subnational Action– America’s Pledge Session was packed
• Moving forward we need to be more visible with our work regardless of commitment vehicle
The time for local action is now!
High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants, Mitigation and
Replacements
Yvette DiCarlo, Assistant Manager
Bay Area Air Quality Management District
January 23, 2018
Managing Emissions from
Refrigerants
Today’s Overview
• Background on F-gases and emission sources
• What is currently being done to limit emissions
• Further steps needed to reduce refrigerant emissions
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Background
Refrigerants & Emissions
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Background/Timeline
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%
CO2
CFCs
NH3
HCFCs
HFCs
Montreal Protocol
Common F-gases
CFCs: chlorofluorocarbons (R-12)
HCFCs: hydrochlorofluorocarbons (R-22)
HFCs: hydrofluorocarbons (R-134a, R-404A, R-507A)
CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs = Fluorinated gases = ‘F-gases’
• F-gases are commonly used in:
• Refrigeration and air conditioning units
• Foam-blowing agents, aerosols, solvents, fire protection33
When do refrigeration and
A/C systems emit F-gases?
• Equipment leaks
• Venting (intentional or unintentional)
• Refrigerant not reclaimed at end of life
• Problematic because:
• High global warming potential
• Short-lived climate pollutants
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Global Warming Potential
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Lifetime
(Years) 20-year 100-year
CO2 20-200 1 1
CFC
R-12 100 10,800 10,200
HCFCs
R-22 11 5,280 1,760
R-142b 17 5,020 1,980
HFCs
134a 14 3,710 1,300
R-404a 4 - 50 6,010 3,943
R-410a 5 - 30 4,340 1,924
R-507a 30 - 50 6,120 3,985
Global warming potential
Source: IPCC 5th Assessment
Familiar R/AC Systems
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Home A/C (~2-8 lbs.)
Refrigerator (~0.5 lbs.)
Automobile A/C (0.5-1 lb.)
Facilities Systems
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Small grocery stores & supermarkets
(30-2,000 lbs.)
• Refineries
• Data Centers
• Biotech companies
• Ice skating rinks
• Food distribution centers
• Wineries
• Hospitals
• Blood banks
• Flower distributors
• Office bldgs—comfort cooling
Fact: Large systems leak
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Evaporators Compressors in mechanical room
Condensers
A single system is often spread out across the facility
Annual Leaks and End of Life
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Losses to atmosphere
Refrigeration System Charge Avg. annual leak rate End of Life
Supermarkets 50 - 2000 lbs. ~25% ~20%Stand-alone cases, vending machines 1-7 lbs. 0% 100%
Residential < 0.5 lbs. 1% 77%
Air Conditioning
Unitary A/C 15 10% 56%
Commercial chiller 500-4,000 < 7% 20%
Residential 1-7 lbs. ~6% ~90%
Source: ARB’s Emission Inventory Methodology and Technical Support Document, April 2016
2015 Bay Area Inventory
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100-year GWPs(Total = 85 MMT CO2e)
20-year GWPs (Total = 94 MMT CO2e)
F-gases: ~3.4 MMT CO2e
F-gases: ~7.52 MMT CO2e
Current Mitigation Efforts
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International – Montreal Protocol
Phase-down of HFC use: Kigali Agreement in 2016
• Developed countries must reduce:
10% by 2019; 85% by 2036
• China, African nations committed to reduce:
10% by 2020; 80% by 2045.
• India, Pakistan, Gulf states committed to reduce:
10% by 2032; 85% by 2047.
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Federal
U.S. EPA Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP)
• Evaluates F-gas uses by sector
• Some F-gases unacceptable in new equipment
• (2017) Grocery stores: R-404A, R-507A
• (2021) Home refrigerators & automobiles: R-134a
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California/Bay Area
Stationary Refrigerant Management Program
•Leak detection and repair
•Recordkeeping
•Service best practices
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Who must comply?
Facility owners
• All systems > 50 lbs. must be registered with ARB
Service Technicians—Best practices (no venting!)
Refrigerant Wholesalers—Report sales info
Reclaimers—Report F-gases received/reclaimed45
Refrigerant Management Program
(RMP)
What else can we do
to reduce high-GWP
refrigerant emissions?
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Mitigation opportunities
• Use Low or no-GWP Refrigerants
• Naturals: Ammonia (0), CO2 (1), propane (3)
• Low-GWP synthetics: HFOs – 1234yf (GWP=1)
• Design systems to use less HFCs
• Ensure facilities are in compliance
• Train technicians on new equipment and refrigerants
• Incorporate F-gas mitigation into local Climate Action Plans
• Incentivize F-gas reclamation and destruction47
Whole Foods
• CO2/propane systems
• Energy savings
SF Neighborhood Pilot
• Visits to corner markets to identify need
• Training, energy monitoring, maintenance, repair
Local Actions
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Resources
• ARB Refrigerant Management Program: http://arb.ca.gov/rmp
• Compliance: Enviro-tip—1-800-952-5588
• North American Sustainable Refrigeration Council
http://nasrc.org/
• U.S. EPA Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP)
https://www.epa.gov/snap
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• Next RICAPS Meeting:
– Tuesday, February 27th
– Millbrae Library
– 1 Library Ave, Millbrae, CA 94030
Wrap Up & Next Steps
