Multi-Agency cooperation in major incident

Multi-Agency CooperationThe Sello Mall Shooting

Kimmo Markkanen

Director of Risk Management

Länsi-Uusimaa Department

for Rescue Services

9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 1

Rescue Services in Finlandhttp://www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/


http://www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/

Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk

Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services

Rescue ServicesRescue Services

• The rescue authorities are responsible for the safety of people in any kind of everyday incident, disaster or war.

• Rescue services mean actions carried out urgently in the event of accident, actions needed to protect and save life, property and the environment, to limit damage and mitigate the consequences.

• Rescue services are divided into: 1) accident and fire prevention

2) rescue operations3) civil defence and preparedness.




Authorities and AdministrationAuthorities and Administration

• State rescue authorities:– Ministry of the Interior is the supreme authority

responsible for organising, coordinating and controlling national rescue services

– Regional State Administrative Agencies are responsible for coordinating and controlling preparedness planning and rescue services

• Regional rescue authorities: – Regional Rescue Services is responsible for

organising emergency services




Other AuthoritiesOther Authorities

• By legislation Rescue Services have the overall command responsibility on rescue operations

• Many other authorities are required to take part in rescue services and civil preparedness

• Police• Border guard (Coast guard)• Defence forces• Social welfare and health authorities• the offices, institutions and commercial enterprises responsible for agriculture and

forestry• Environmental authorities• Transport authorities• Telecommunication authorities• Authorities and institutions responsible for radiation and nuclear safety• Meteorological services

• Multiply of voluntary organisations also take part in rescue services.




Rescue Departments (Regional Rescue Services)

are responsible for:• Fire and accident prevention• Firefighting and rescue work relating to

accidents or natural events (explosion, oil spills, incidents on water, landslides, road accidents, gas or liquid leaks, floods, heavy rain, radiation)

• Firefighters are multiskilled rescuers. In addition to firefighting and rescue work, they also take part in accident prevention, medical care and ambulance service as well as civil preparedness




Civil PreparednessCivil Preparedness

• Civil preparedness means protecting life and property and safeguarding the activities of the authorities, institutions and production plants essential to maintain social function and managing emergency operations in a state of emergency (“civil defence”).

• Civil preparedness is divided into civil preparedness managed by the authorities and self-preparedness.

• The state and municipalities are responsible for the former, companies, institutions, property owners and private individuals for the latter.




TrainingTraining

• Responsibility of the state for – Professional rescue services training – Training civil preparedness leaders and special staff

• Basic training is given at the State-owned Emergency Services College in Kuopio– http://www.pelastusopisto.fi/pelastus/home.nsf/pages/index_eng

• The basic diplomas:– Firefighter-EMT (1.5 years)– Sub Officer's Diploma (1 year) – Fire Officer's Diploma (3.5 years, a polytechnic degree)– Alarm centres dispatchers Diploma (1.5 years)

• The College has 350 boarding places and a training ground for practical exercises.


http://www.pelastusopisto.fi/pelastus/home.nsf/pages/index_eng



Rescue departments emergency call-outs Rescue departments emergency call-outs annuallyannually (Finland)

• Fires in buildings 6,000• Forest and wildfires 3,000• Vehicle fires 2,500• Other fires 3,500• Incidents caused by dangerous substances 300• Floods/natural disasters 2,000• Oil damage 2,500• Traffic accidents 13,000• First response 25,000• False alarms 20,000• Emergency missions, total 100,000

Medical emergencies (ambulance services)200,0009th December 2010 Control Room Communications 10



Three major changes in Fire and Three major changes in Fire and Rescue Services in Finland Rescue Services in Finland

• Regionalization of Rescue Services

http://www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/26715/

• Centralization of Alarm Centres Emergency Response Centres (ERC)http://www.112.fi/index.php?langID=2 http://www.112.fi/documents/Hake_112esittely_englanti.pdf

• New national digital radio network “VIRVE” for all authorities (TETRA)http://www.erillisverkot.fi/?lang=en

VIRVE made other two possible




Regionalization of Rescue ServicesRegionalization of Rescue Services


PRESENT (since January 2004)• 22 regional Fire Departments,

consisting of one larger city and several surrounding municipalities

http://www.pelastuslaitokset.fi/filewrap.php?c=&f=turvaopas_eng_low.pdf

PAST (until 2004):• 445 municipalities, each having a fire brigade:

– Full-time (60), Part-time (190), Voluntary (200)



Centralization of Alarm CentresCentralization of Alarm CentresPAST• Municipal Alarm Centres for Fire & Rescue & ambulance services

(56)• Separate Alarm Centres for Police (counties)• Various communication and database systems


PRESENT (completed 2007) and Future• Governmental Emergency Response Centre Department• Consisting of 15 regional Emergency Response Centres• Joint centres for Fire and Rescue, Police and Social & Health

authorities• Joint dispatch systems & databases• More changes in progress (more centralization, data systems)



National digital (radio) Network National digital (radio) Network “VIRVE” for all authorities“VIRVE” for all authoritiesPAST

• Each authority had their own VHF-radio network• Lack of frequencies• Open for listening by anyone (not scrambled)


PRESENT (completed 2004)• Joint authorities radio network

• Coverage: whole Finland (+ Estonian coast)

• Digital, based on TETRA standard

• Authorities included: Rescue, police, Health & Social Security, Border Guard, Military, Customs, Railroad authorities, Energy …

FUTURE (2011 … 2015)• Common Multi-Agency Field Command System (FCS)• IP backbone connection for Rescue Services (PeIP)• TETRA Enhanced Data Service (TEDS)

Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue

Serviceswww.lup.fi/en





2. Länsi-Uusimaa2. Länsi-Uusimaa

Consists of 12 municipalitiesCentral municipal Espoo is second biggest city in Finland, west from HelsinkiOther municipalities are: Hanko, Inkoo, Karjalohja, Karkkila, Kauniainen, Kirkkonummi, Lohja, Nummi-Pusula, Raasepori, Siuntio, Vihti.




Keski-UusimaaDept. for Rescue Services

HelsinkiDept. for Rescue Services

Kanta-HämeDept. for Rescue Services

Varsinais-SuomiDept. for Rescue Services

• Organisationally a part of City of Espoo

• 12 municipalities• app. 425 000 inhabitants• 12 full-time fire stations• 43 voluntary fire brigades

(+ 4 Lifeboat Associations)• over. 400 employees• over 1 000 volunteers• annual budget 30 M€ (incl.

ambulance services 3 M€)

RAASEPORI DISTRICTRAASEPORI DISTRICT

• app. 45 000 inhabitantsapp. 45 000 inhabitants

• area 1950 km2area 1950 km2

• 3 full-time fire stations 3 full-time fire stations (Tammisaari, Hanko, Karjaa)(Tammisaari, Hanko, Karjaa)

• 13 voluntary fire brigades13 voluntary fire brigades

ESPOO DISTRICTESPOO DISTRICT

. app. 290 000 inhabitants. app. 290 000 inhabitants


• 6 full-time fire stations6 full-time fire stations

• 17 17 voluntaryvoluntary fire brigades fire brigades

• Ambulance services in Espoo, Ambulance services in Espoo, Kirkkonummi and KauniainenKirkkonummi and Kauniainen

LOHJA DISTRICTLOHJA DISTRICT

• app. 90 000 inhabitantsapp. 90 000 inhabitants


• 3 full-time fire stations 3 full-time fire stations (Lohja, Nummela, Karkkila)(Lohja, Nummela, Karkkila)

• 13 voluntary fire brigades13 voluntary fire brigades





Daily accidents

Large scale accidentsdisasters

Exceptional circumtances

Fire depts, Police, Emergency Medical

Voluntary organisations

Civil defence organisations

minutes

hours

days, months



Standard of Rescue Serviceshttp://www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/267211/

• Rescue Act, 13 §: Regional rescue services make their decision on the standard of service after hearing the opinions of the district’s local authorities

• Region’s risks and resources• The standard of services of accident

prevention, rescue services and civil preparedness

• Development plan• Must be renewed regularly




Länsi-Uusimaa Dept. for Rescue

Services


Chief Fire Officer(Rescue Director)

Veli-Pekka Ihamäki

Chief Fire Officer(Rescue Director)

Veli-Pekka Ihamäki

District Fire OfficerStig Granström

District Fire OfficerStig Granström

District Fire OfficerPekka Hynynen

District Fire OfficerPekka Hynynen

District Fire OfficerHeikki Kervinen

District Fire OfficerHeikki Kervinen

District Board of Management




Department`s Boardof Management

Department`s Boardof Management



Espoo District- Service Units

(3 + 4 )

Espoo District- Service Units

(3 + 4 )

Lohja District-Service Units

(3 )

Lohja District-Service Units

(3 )

Tammisaari District

- Service Units(3 )

Tammisaari District

- Service Units(3 )

Administrative UnitAdministrative Unit

Administration, Head of Administration Paula KantisAdministration, Head of Administration Paula Kantis

Rescue Operations, Director of Rescue Services Olli PietikäinenRescue Operations, Director of Rescue Services Olli Pietikäinen

Risk Management, Director of Risk Management Kimmo MarkkanenRisk Management, Director of Risk Management Kimmo Markkanen

Development Teams, named personsDevelopment Teams, named persons




Organisation at Rescue OperationsOrganisation at Rescue Operations

RescueUnit

Rescue UnitRescue Unit(1+3 = 4)(1+3 = 4)

P3

RescueUnit

RescueUnit

Rescue PlatoonRescue Platoon(1+3+10 = 14)(1+3+10 = 14)

StateStateMinistry of the Interior

Government

Section 2 chief

RescueUnit

RescueUnit

RescueUnit

Section 3 chief

RescueUnit

RescueUnit

RescueUnit

Länsi-Uusimaa P2

Command Post(P3 +__ )

Section 4Medic (L4)

Ambulance

Ambulance

Ambulance

Rescue CompanyRescue Company(7+9+33) = 49)(7+9+33) = 49)

(Section 1 chief)

Municipality’s board

Pel-Joke(Other Accident Areas ->)(Other Accident Areas ->)

Rescue Service RegionRescue Service Region



Voluntary fire brigades

• Finland: app. 1 000 voluntary fire brigades• Important element for rescue services as a reserve• In rural, sparsely populated areas primary response as well• Skills, training and number of volunteers vary among

brigades• No public authority status• Länsi-Uusimaa:

– 43 brigades, over 1 000 volunteers– Response time 6, 12 or 30 minutes from call (to be changed 2011)





The Sello Mall Shooting The Sello Mall Shooting 31.12.200931.12.2009

Picture: Ilta-Sanomat



Sello Mallhttp://www.sello.fi/en/welcome-to-sello/

• Over 170 shops and services

• Total area 102 000 m2

• Car park for 2 900 cars

• At New Year Eve about 3000-4000 customers

• Sello first phase– Two supermarkets– Library, Concert Hall, City of Espoo front office

• Sello second phase– Lot of smaller shops: clothing, restaurants, leisure, electronics…

• SelloRex– Movie theaters, Bowling arena and restaurants…

249th December 2010 Control Room Communications



25

Fire Station andVoluntary Fire Brigade

LibraryConcert Hall

PrismaSupermarket

Sello 2-phaseSello 1-phase

Sello Rex

Railway Station

Bus Terminal




Briefing

• 31th December 2009 after 10 o’clock am. Ibrahim Shkupolli shot four employees of Prisma-Supermarket at Sello Shopping Mall and went out through Library walking calmly

• Fifth victim, Shkupolli’s former ex-girlfriend, were found killed before noon at nearby apartment

• Later afternoon sixth victim were found at apartment about ten kilometres away

• Soon were confirmed that the sixth victim was the shooter, Ibrahim Schupolli




10:08 Alram call First Response AlarmShots fired, 1 or 2 victims

10:31 Police informed that the location of gunman is unknown

10:31Units werepulled back10:24 first units

penetrated inPolice covers 10:37 Chief on Duty

order the Control Room to send a text message alert for City of Espoo and Rescue Services management teams:”FYI! Shots fired at Sello Shopping Mall, Police is commanding”

14:30 - Press Conference at Police Station

14:50Confirmation that the shooter is dead

10:27Automatic Fire Alarm to Sello

Overall command at Police station Situation Center

10:40Rescue Services Chief on Duty went to Police Situation Center

14:19Police penetrates to shooters apartmentRescue Unit and 2 Emergency Medical teams standby at scene

10:23Local Voluntary Fire Brigade alarmed for evacuation support

10:40 Command Centre were established at Rescue Services HQ- 2 Chief Fire Officers and Auxiliary Command Unit crew-Resources, other incident-Situational picture-Communication

10:15Rescue Services Control room informs Chief on Duty and Espoo Divisional Officer

10:00-16:307 other Fire & Rescue Alarms, one domestic fire11:00 Auxiliary

Emergency Medical Supervisor Unit were established for daily incidents

Hospital District orders 2 Emergency Medical teams from Helsinki to Espoo

10:50Auxiliary Command UnitWere established

4 Voluntary Fire Brigades alarmed to standby10:18

Emergency Medical Supervisor suspends Non-Critical Emergency Medical Services

Other readinessOther readiness(Rescue Services and Emergency Medic)(Rescue Services and Emergency Medic)

Sello IncidentSello IncidentRescue and Emergency MedicRescue and Emergency Medic

PolicePolice

18:00

Debriefing at Police Station

(The Police had a lot of action not described here!)



Timeline10:08 First Emergency Call from Sello Mall, one person shot

10:10 Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services alarmed: E490 (ALS - Advanced Life Support Ambulance), EL4 (Medical Supervisor) ja E51 (Rescue Unit)

10:11 E193 and E296 alarmed (BLS - Basic Life Support Ambulance)

10:12 Information about second victim

10:12 Medical Supervisor order staging at Bus Terminal driveway

10:13 Rescue Unit E51 at scene, last shots fired

10:17 Medical Units E490 and L4 at scene

10:18 Non-Critical ambulance services suspended at Espoo

10:19 Alarm for another ALS Ambulance E290

10:23 ERC informed that Prisma-Supermarket is safe to go in

10:24 E490, E290 and E51 penetrated in and started medical operations (TRIAGE)

10:27 Information about more victims

10:27 Automatic Fire Alarm to Sello

10:31 Information that the Mall is not secured, units were pulled back

10:32 Emergency Medical Physician alarmed (Medi-Heli)




Police Timeline• Alarm at 10.08

• Multi-Agency operation under police command

• Operation according Special operations plan started at 10.10

• Lot of police officers also from nearby districts

• Hundreads of peaple at scene and thousands nearby

• 4 dead person at Prisma-Supermarket

• One dead found at 11.40 (ex-girlfriend)

• One dead found at 14.10 (the gunman)

• Press Conference at 14.30

• Press Conference at 1st January 13.00» etc.

9th December 2010 29Control Room Communications



30

Rescue Services tasksAt Sello Mall• Emergency Medical operations• Evacuation of personnel and customers to Library and nearby Fire House• Isolation of area • Support for Police and City of Espoo Post-Emergency teamsSituation Center of Police (Command Center)• Contact Officer and rescue services spesialist (Chief on duty), also at press

conferenceRescue Services Command Center• Resources and overlapping cases• Communications• Blueprints of the Mall for police from City of Espoo Building authorityAt region of Länsi-Uusimaa• Two other related incidents (ex-girlfriend’s and gunman’s homes)• During 10:08 – 15:00 seven other rescue alarms, including one domestic fireAfterwards• Defusing-session for those involved operations at scene• Later debriefing-sessions• Report for developing own preparedness and about cooperation



Lessons Learned

• Common situational picture

Police

Fire & Rescue

Medical & Social

Others

OWN COMMON

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

PUBLIC

ME

DIA

CO

MM

UN

ITY

•Role of Emergency Response Centers

•Communication between agencies



Situational Awareness

• Perception of the environment critical to decision-makers in complex, dynamic areas i.e. command and control of emergency services such as fire fighting and policing

• involves being aware of what is happening around you to understand how information, events, and your own actions will impact your goals and objectives, both now and in the near future

• What about the Management Team of the Mall?– Staff– Security personnel– Customers



33

Three Main Aspects• Where is the operation managed from

– All Agencies involved at same place every level• Field Commanders (Fire & Rescue, Police, Medical etc.)• Command Center (s)

• Is the environment safe enough– How do we get information about the overall situation– Is it safe to start medical care, extinguishing– How to announce that to operational units

• Pre-Planned and practiced Multi-Agency cooperation i.e.– Athletics World Championship event at 2005– SAR-exercise 7th October 2009(school shootings 7th November 2007 at Jokela and 23rd September 2008 at

Kauhajoki and Myyrmanni Bomb explosion at 11th October 2002)



Impact

• 6 person dead; the suffer of relatives and others• At Prisma-Supermarket were hundreads of people,

evacuation of 2000…3000 persons, secondary impact for hundreads thousands persons

• The Mall was isolated and library were used as an gathering place

• Several hundreads of cars were blocked at parking lot• Impact for traffic (trains, buses, traffic jams etc.)• Loss of sale (60 000 - 100 000 customer/day)• Economical losses (shops, individuals, authorities etc.)

9th December 2010 34Control Room Communications



Press Conference

• http://areena.yle.fi/video/652153– In Finnish

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8435994.stm• http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/

12/31/finland.shooting.shopping.mall/index.html?iref=allsearch




Firefighters at their work…




















Thank you for your attention !Thank you for your attention !

Serving the communityServing the community::Länsi-Uusimaa Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue ServicesDepartment for Rescue [email protected] [email protected]

Documents

Multi-Agency cooperation in major incident