In 2014, 452 corn samples were sourced between January and October. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, Spectrum 380®), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the latter method chosen for single commodities.This report gives an overview on the occurrence of afl atoxins (Afl a), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) , ochratoxin A (OTA) and T-2 toxin (T-2) in the different European regions (Figure 1). Results show that 87% of all samples tested contain at least one mycotoxin and that 50% of samples contain several mycotoxins (co-occurrence).

Mycotoxin Report 2014Focus on European corn

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Mycotoxin Report Report 2014 – Europe

Figure 2. Prevalence of mycotoxins in corn throughout Europe

Afl a 37%ZEN 64%DON 85%DON 85%DON 85%DON 85%DON 85%DON 85%DON 85%FUM 42%FUM 42%FUM 42%FUM 42%FUM 42%FUM 42%FUM 42%OTA 4%OTA 4%OTA 4%OTA 4%OTA 4%OTA 4%OTA 4%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%T-2 25%C

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Afl a 14%Afl a 14%Afl a 14%Afl a 14%ZEN 64%ZEN 64%ZEN 64%ZEN 64%DON 62%DON 62%DON 62%DON 62%DON 62%DON 62%FUM 77%FUM 77%FUM 77%FUM 77%OTA 7%T-2 48%T-2 48%T-2 48%T-2 48%Ea

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Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%Afl a 40%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%ZEN 46%DON 52%DON 52%DON 52%DON 52%DON 52%DON 52%DON 52%FUM 88%FUM 88%FUM 88%FUM 88%FUM 88%OTA 11%OTA 11%OTA 11%OTA 11%T-2 12%T-2 12%T-2 12%T-2 12%So

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<limit of detection 1 mycotoxin more than 1 mycotoxin

Figure 3. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in European corn samples

Recent studies have shown signifi cant mycotoxin contamination in European corn. Weather conditions strongly infl uence fungal growth and the production of mycotoxins. High precipitation this summer created a favorable environment for severe Fusarium mycotoxin contamination – mainly deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins– along with reports of animals’ reduced feed intake, feed refusal, vomiting and poor growth performance from the fi eld.

Figure 1. Fusarium contaminated corn cob

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Mycotoxin report

> Impressum:Mycotoxin Report is published by BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Paula Kovalsky; Industriestrasse 21, A-3130 Herzogenburg, Austria,

Tel: +43 2782 803-0, Fax: +43 2782 803-11308; e-Mail: offi ce@biomin.net, www.biomin.net, Publisher: Erich Erber

©Copyright BIOMIN Holding GmbH, 2014.

All rights reserved. Any kind of reprint, reproduction, or any other kind of usage

– whether partially or to the full extent - only allowed upon prior written approval by BIOMIN Holding GmbH. Mycofi x® is not available in the USA and in Canada!

> ABOUT BIOMINBIOMIN, a leading company focusing on Health in Animal Nutrition, develops and produces specialty feed additives, premixes and services to im-prove animal health and performance, in an economically viable way. Leveraging on the latest technologies and extensive R&D programs, BIOMIN offers sustainable quality products which include solutions for mycotoxin risk management, phytogenic growth promotion as well as other specifi c solutions which address dietary requirements for swine, poultry, dairy and aquaculture.

> DISCLAIMER: BIOMIN GmbH and the authors had no infl uence on the sampling process of the investigated samples. Therefore, the contami-nation levels found in the samples do not necessarily refl ect the actual contamination level of these regions/commodities. However, the samples provide more insight into the range and levels of mycotoxins which can be found in diverse commodities of various regions.

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Corn harvest 2014

A total of 223 corn samples from the 2014 harvest were sourced from September to October across Europe. Table 1gives an overview of the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in the different corn samples per region. The risk levels of ZEN and DON analyzed according to the percentage of samples in the different contamination rages are shown in Figure 4 and 5. Results show that 94 % of all samples tested contain at least 1 mycotoxin and that 50 % of samples exhibit co-contaminations.

Table 1. Occurrence of ZEN and DON in European corn samples, 2014 harvest

Europe ZEN DONNumber of samples tested 132 223Positive (%) 80 92Average of positive (µg/kg) 497 3,221Maximum (µg/kg) 2,064 11,320

Figure 4. Distribution of ZEN according to risk levels

Figure 5. Distribution of DON according to risk levels

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

DON

>8000 ppb 5001-8000 ppb 2001-5000 ppb 1001-2000 ppb 901-1000 ppb 801-900 ppb 301-800 ppb 201-300 ppb 150-200 ppb <150 ppb <LOQ

39% 6% 9% 10% 5% 14% ZEN

<LOQ <50 ppb 51-100 ppb 101-200 ppb 201-250 ppb 251-500 ppb 501-2000 ppb0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

ZEN

>2000 ppb 501-2000 ppb 251-500 ppb 201-250 ppb 101-200 ppb 51-100 ppb <50 ppb <LOQ

56 % above 900 ppb DON (EC recommendation for pigs)

47% 100 ppb ZEN (EC recommendation for piglets/gilts)

Key message – 2014 corn harvest

• severe DON prevalence -> 92% positive samples (max. 11,000 ppb) • high ZEN occurrence -> 80% above the detection limits with levels up to 50% of

the analyzed DON contamination

• FUM occurrence is on rise

• Co-contamination is the challenge in half of the tested samples

50% 50%

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