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Technique: How to

perform:

Effects on

body :

Used to: C/I:

Static contact

(superficial

reflex

technique)

Using palmer

surface of

hands place

one at C7/T1

level and the

other at L5/S1

level

Affects

autonomic

nervous

system as well

as the

perception of

touch

Begin or end a

treatment and

to introduce

touch.

Stroking:

(Superficialreflex

technique)

Using palmer

surfaces of

hands orfingers. Above

sheets or

direct skin.

Minimal

pressure is

applied and

tissue is not

compressed

and skin is not

dragged. Canbe centripetal

or centrifugal

as it is

superficial.

Slow strokes

decrease

Sympathetic

N.S firing; fast

strokes

stimulate the

Sympathetic

N.S.

Also reduces

pain

perception.

To begin or end

a treatment.

Open/contagio

us skin lesions.

Effleurage:

(Superficial

fluid

technique)

Using palmer

surfaces of

hands with

fingers

together or

ulnar surface

of forearm.

Direction is

Spread

lubricant.

If deep

pressure used

mechanical

effects.

Begin or end a

treatment and

introduce

therapists

touch.

To warm tissue

up for deeper

techniques.

Open or

contagious

skin lesions,

distal to

inflammation,

acute injury

and edema

due to

thrombus.

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centripetal. If light

pressure is

usedreflexive

circulatory

effect.

It improves

lymph

drainage and

reduces pain

perception.

To spread

oil/lotion. To

transition from

one limb to the

next or one

technique tothe next.

To palpate for

the 4Ts: temp,

texture,

tenderness

and tone.

Distal to

varicose veins.

Technique: How to

perform:

Effects on

body :

Used to: C/I:

Petrissage:

(Neuromuscula

r technique):

1-Muscle

squeezing

2-Picking up

3-muscle stripping

4-c-scooping

5-wringing

6-skin rolling

7-kneading

Can use palm

of hands,

fingertips,thumbs, ulnar

border of

elbow and

elbow.

Does not have

to be

centripetal.

Rhythmic

tissue

compression

and release.

Increases local

circulation with

increase tissuedrag.

Kneading

reduces hyper-

tonicity.

Slow

rhythm/rate

soothes, fast

rhythm/ratestimulates.

Muscle

stripping and

skin rollingtreat trigger

points.

Skin rolling

assesses

superficial

fascial

restrictions

and trigger

points.

Local C/Is to

massage

therapy.

Acute

conditions,

atrophied

/atonic

muscle as it

can result in

tissue damage.

Moderate-

sever

varicosities.

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Vibrations:

(Superficialreflex

technique)

1-fine

2-course

3-static

4-running

One or both

hands.

Rhythmic

forearm

muscle

contractionswhile relaxing

upper arms

and shoulders.

Fine hand

doesnt move.

Course are

visible. Static

hand is not

gliding on

tissue. Runninghand glides.

Decrease

muscle tone if

applied on a

tendon/muscle

upto 30

seconds.

Decreases SNS

firing when

slow and

increases it

when fast.

Fine vibrations

are good after

removing casts

on limbs

sensory re-

education.

Course

vibrations help

loosen up

mucus if

applied on

thorax.

Over painful

areas and to

promote

lymphatic

drainage.

Open/contagio

us skin lesions.

Course

vibrations arenot performed

in cases of

spastic

paralysis.

Tapotement:

(percussive

technique)

Light:

Tapping

Pincement

Heavy:

Hacking

Cupping or clapping

Beating & pounding

Pincement:

skin is lightly

grabbed

between

thumb and

fingertips.

Tapping: skin is

taped using

fingertips

Hacking: use

ulnar surface

of hand andhand is firm for

heavy hacking

and loose for

light.

Compresses

and releases

tissue quickly.

Increases

muscle tone by

increasing SNS

firing.

Increases local

circulation

If used for 2

minutes or

longer it will

reduce SNS

firing and

muscle tone.

Mainly used to

clear mucous

from airways.

Not used over

bony

prominences,

kidneys,

abdomen and

fragile tissue.

Open/contagio

us skin lesions

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Cupping:

hands are

cupped and

fingers and

thumb are

together.

Beating &

pounding uses

loose fist

(extensor

surfaces of

middle

phalanx or

ulnar border of

hand)

Rocking &

Shaking

(passive

movement

techniques)

Rocking:

gentle

repetitive

oscillation of

trunk, pelvis

and limbs.

Shaking:

direct

performed on

the muscle

Indirect: on the

distal limb

Rocking:

causes

reflexive

relaxation and

stimulates

proprioceptive

neurons

Shaking:

Causes

reflexive

relaxation of

muscle

Rocking is a

joint

mobilization of

lower back

Rocking:

Acute back

injury, fusion

of vertebra,

pregnancy.