M.TECH. THERMAL ENGINEERING - Gayatri Vidya …gvpce.ac.in/syllabi/M.Techsyllabus -2014-15/13_M.Tech._Thermal Engg... · optimal solutions with due consideration to public health

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABI

M.TECH.

THERMAL ENGINEERING (Department of Mechanical Engineering)

2014 – 2015

GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)

Accredited by NAAC with A Grade with a CGPA of 3.47/4.00

Affiliated to JNTUK-Kakinada

MADHURAWADA, VISAKHAPATNAM – 530 048

VISION

To evolve into and sustain as a Centre of Excellence in Technological

Education and Research with a holistic approach.

MISSION

To produce high quality engineering graduates with the requisite

theoretical and practical knowledge and social awareness to be able to

contribute effectively to the progress of the society through their

chosen field of endeavor.

To undertake Research & Development, and extension activities in the

fields of Science and Engineering in areas of relevance for immediate

application as well as for strengthening or establishing fundamental

knowledge.

DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Vision

To become a sought after center for higher learning and application

in the field of Mechanical Engineering.

Mission

_ To produce competent and responsible mechanical engineering

graduates and post graduates by imparting quality and value

based education.

_ To prepare students for professional career and guide them for

entrepreneurship and higher studies including research.

_ To motivate the young minds towards services beneficial to the

society through their academic and professional activities.

F O R E W O R D

It gives an immense satisfaction and strength, as three batches

successfully completed the M.Tech. programme under the autonomous

system. Based on the experiences and insight from the past

performance, to catch up the changing trends in higher education and to

make the degree, to be more in tune with the global level requirements, a

system of Outcome Based Education (OBE) is introduced into the

curriculum from 2013-14 admitted batch. The new approach is more

focused towards learner centric. The expected outcomes are clearly

stated, and levels of attainment are measured at each stage.

The experiences from implementation of new OBE system for one year

are taken and fine tuning is done in the meetings of the Boards of studies

and Academic Council held recently.

I take this opportunity to thank all the members of the Academic Council

and the members of the respective Boards of Studies, representatives

from the industry, who shared their valuable experiences to further

sharpen the focus of the entire programme.

I thank the authorities of the affiliating University, JNTU, Kakinada, for

their constant support, encouragement and guidance in successful

running of the autonomous system at each step.

I thank the parents, who are giving constant moral support, and the

students who are keeping the college flag high at every opportunity.

Finally, I thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff for their hard

work and dedication with single point focus towards the continuous

betterment of the system.

PRINCIPAL

MEMBERS ON THE BOARD OF STUDIES

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Prof. P. Bangaru Babu, Professor in Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology

(NIT), Warangal – 506 004.

Sri M. Prasanna Kumar,

DGM (O & M), NTPC Simhadri, Parawada, Visakhapatnam.

Sri V. Damodar Naidu,

President, Sujana Towers Ltd., Plot No.5/A, Vengalrao Nagar,

Hyderabad – 500 038.

Prof. M.M.M. Sarcar,

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering , College of

Engineering (Autonomous) Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003.

Dr. N. Siva Prasad,

Professor, Machine Design Section, Department of Mechanical

Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai - 600 036.

Sri K. R. Sreenivas,

Engineering Mechanics Unit, JNCASR, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064.

Sri P. Srikanth,

Project Manager, Software Development, Parabola Software, MVP

Double Road, Visakhapatnam.

All faculty members of the Department

http://www.andhrauniversity.info/engg



M.Tech. Thermal Engineering

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO 1: Analyze and solve thermal engineering problems using

modern engineering and software tools.

PEO 2: Play key role in collaborative multidisciplinary scientific

research with due consideration to economical and financial

factors.

PEO 3: Engage in life-long learning with professional code of

conduct.

Programme Outcomes (POs)

PO 1: Exhibit in-depth knowledge in thermal engineering

specialization.

PO 2: Think critically and analyze complex engineering problems

to make creative advances in theory and practice.

PO 3: Solve problem, think originally and arrive at feasible and

optimal solutions with due consideration to public health and

safety of environment.

PO 4: Use research methodologies, techniques and tools, and will

contribute to the development of technological knowledge.

PO 5: Apply appropriate techniques, modern engineering tools to

perform modeling of complex engineering problems with

knowing the limitations

PO 6: Understand group dynamics, contribute to collaborative

multidisciplinary scientific research.

PO 7: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering

and management principles and apply the same with due

consideration to economical and financial factors.

PO 8: Communicate complex engineering problems with the

engineering community and society, write and present

technical reports effectively.

PO 9: Engage in life-long learning with a high level of enthusiasm

and commitment to improve knowledge and competence

continuously.

PO 10: Exhibit professional and intellectual integrity, ethics of

research and scholarship and will realize the responsibility

towards the community.

PO 11: Examine critically the outcomes of actions and make

corrective measures.

GVPCE(A) M.Tech. Thermal Engineering 2014

M.TECH. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS (Effective for the students admitted into first year

from the Academic Year 2013 - 14)

The M.Tech. Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University

Kakinada shall be recommended to be conferred on candidates who are

admitted to the program and fulfill all the following requirements for the

award of the Degree.

1.0 ELGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION:

Admission to the above program shall be made subject to the

eligibility, qualifications and specialization as per the guidelines

prescribed by the APSCHE and AICTE from time to time.

2.0 AWARD OF M.TECH. DEGREE:

a. A student shall be declared eligible for the award of the M.Tech.

degree, if he pursues a course of study and completes it

successfully for not less than two academic years and not more

than four academic years.

b. A student, who fails to fulfill all the academic requirements for

the award of the Degree within four academic years from the

year of his admission, shall forfeit his seat in M.Tech. Course.

c. The duration of each semester shall normally be 20 weeks with

5 days a week. A working day shall have 7 periods each of

50 minutes.

3.0 STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME:

*Elective

1

Semester No. of Courses per Semester Credits

Theory + Lab

I (5 +1*) + 1 20

II (5+1*) + 1 20

III Seminar 02

III, IV Project Work 40

TOTAL 82


4.0 ATTENDANCE:

The attendance shall be considered subject wise.

a. A candidate shall be deemed to have eligibility to write his end

semester examinations in a subject if he has put in at least 75%

of attendance in that subject.

b. Shortage of attendance up to 10% in any subject (i.e. 65% and

above and below 75%) may be condoned by a Committee on

genuine and valid reasons on representation by the candidate

with supporting evidence.

c. Shortage of attendance below 65% shall in no case be

condoned.

d. A student who gets less than 65% attendance in a maximum of

two subjects in any semester shall not be permitted to take the

end- semester examination in which he/she falls short. His/her

registration for those subjects will be treated as cancelled. The

student shall re-register and repeat those subjects as and when

they are offered next.

e. If a student gets less than 65% attendance in more than two

subjects in any semester he/she shall be detained and has to

repeat the entire semester.

5.0 EVALUATION:

The performance of the candidate in each semester shall be

evaluated subject-wise with 100 marks for each theory subject

and 100 marks for each practical, on the basis of Internal

Evaluation and External End -Semester Examination.

The question paper of the external end semester examination

shall be set externally and valued both internally and externally.

If the difference between the first and second valuations is less

than or equal to 9 marks, the better of the two valuations shall

be awarded. If the difference is more than 9 marks, the scripts

are referred to third valuation and the corresponding marks are

awarded.

a. A candidate shall be deemed to have secured the minimum

academic requirement in a subject if he secures a minimum of

40% of marks in the End Semester Examination and aggregate

minimum of 50% of the total marks of the End Semester

Examination and Internal Evaluation taken together.

2


b. For the theory subjects, 60 marks shall be awarded based on the

performance in the End Semester examination and 40 marks

shall be awarded based on the Internal Evaluation. One part of

the internal evaluation shall be made based on the average of the

marks secured in the two internal examinations of 30 marks

each conducted one in the middle of the Semester and the other

immediately after the completion of instruction. Each mid-term

examination shall be conducted for a duration of 120 minutes

with 4 questions without any choice. The remaining 10 marks

are awarded through an average of continuous evaluation of

assignments / seminars / any other method, as notified by the

teacher at the beginning of the semester.

c. For practical subjects, 50 marks shall be awarded based on the

performance in the End Semester Examinations, 50 marks shall

be awarded based on the day-to-day performance as Internal

marks. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 50% in the

external examination and has to secure a minimum of 50% on

the aggregate to be declared successful.

d. There shall be a seminar presentation during III semester. For

seminar, a student under the supervision of a faculty

member(advisor), shall collect the literature on a topic and

critically review the literature and submit it to the Department in

a report form and shall make an oral presentation before the

Departmental Committee. The Departmental Committee shall

consist of the Head of the Department, advisor and two other

senior faculty members of the department. For Seminar, there

will be only internal evaluation of 50 marks. A candidate has to

secure a minimum of 50% to be declared successful.

e. In case the candidate does not secure the minimum academic

requirement in any subject (as specified in 5.a to 5.c), he has to

reappear for the End Examination in that subject. A candidate

shall be given one chance to re-register for each subject

provided the internal marks secured by a candidate in that

subject is less than 50% and he has failed in the end

examination. In such a case, the candidate must re-register for

the subject (s). In the event of re-registration, the internal marks

and end examination marks obtained in the previous attempt are

nullified.

3


f. In case the candidate secures less than the required attendance

in any subject(s), he shall not be permitted to appear for the End

Examination in those subject(s). He shall re-register for the

subject(s) when they are next offered.

g. Laboratory examination for M.Tech. subjects must be

conducted with two Examiners, one of them being Laboratory

Class Teacher and second examiner shall be other than the

Laboratory Teacher.

6.0 EVALUATION OF PROJECT / DISSERTATION WORK:

Every candidate shall be required to submit the thesis or

dissertation after taking up a topic approved by the

Departmental Research Committee (DRC).

a. A Departmental Research Committee (DRC) shall be

constituted with the Head of the Department as the Chairman

and two senior faculty as Members to oversee the proceedings

of the project work from allotment of project topic to

submission of the thesis.

b. A Central Research Committee (CRC) shall be constituted with

a Senior Professor as Chair Person, Heads of the Departments

which are offering the M.Tech. programs and two other senior

faculty members from the same department.

c. Registration of Project Work: A candidate is permitted to

register for the project work after satisfying the attendance

requirement of all the subjects (theory and practical subjects.)

d. After satisfying 6.0 c, a candidate has to submit, in consultation

with his project supervisor, the title, objective and plan of action

of his project work to the DRC for its approval. Only after

obtaining the approval of DRC the student can initiate the

Project work.

e. If a candidate wishes to change his supervisor or topic of the

project he can do so with the approval of the DRC. However,

the Departmental Research Committee shall examine whether

the change of topic/supervisor leads to a major change in his

initial plans of project proposal. If so, his date of registration

for the Project work shall start from the date of change of

Supervisor or topic as the case may be whichever is earlier.

4


f. A candidate shall submit and present the status report in two

stages at least with a gap of 3 months between them after

satisfying 6.0 d. The DRC has to approve the status report, for

the candidate to proceed with the next stage of work.

g. The work on the project shall be initiated in the beginning of the

second year and the duration of the project is for two semesters.

A candidate shall be permitted to submit his dissertation only

after successful completion of all theory and practical subject

with the approval of CRC but not earlier than 40 weeks from the

date of registration of the project work. For the approval by

CRC the candidate shall submit the draft copy of the thesis to

the Principal through the concerned Head of the Department and

shall make an oral presentation before the CRC.

h. Three copies of the dissertation certified by the Supervisor shall

be submitted to the College after approval by the CRC.

i. For the purpose of adjudication of the dissertation, an external

examiner shall be selected by the Principal from a panel of 5

examiners who are experienced in that field proposed by the

Head of the Department in consultation with the supervisor.

j. The viva-voce examination shall be conducted by a board

consisting of the supervisor, Head of the Department and the

external examiner. The board shall jointly report the candidate’s

work as:

A. Excellent

B. Good

C. Satisfactory

k. If the adjudication report is not favorable, the candidate shall

revise and resubmit the dissertation, in a time frame prescribed

by the CRC. If the adjudication report is unfavorable again, the

dissertation shall be summarily rejected and the candidate shall

change the topic of the Project and go through the entire process

afresh.

7.0 AWARD OF DEGREE AND CLASS :

A candidate shall be eligible for the degree if he satisfies the

minimum academic requirements in every subject and secures

satisfactory or higher grade report on his dissertation and viva-

voce.

5


After a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the

completion of the program and is eligible for the award of M.Tech.

Degree, he shall be placed in one of the following three classes.

% of Marks secured Class Awarded

70% and above First Class with Distinction

60% and above but less than 70% First Class

50% and above but less than 60% Second Class

The grade of the dissertation shall be mentioned in the marks

memorandum.

8.0 WITHHOLDING OF RESULTS:

If the candidate has not paid any dues to the college or if any case

of indiscipline is pending against him, the result of the candidate

shall be withheld and he will not be allowed into the next higher

semester. The recommendation for the issue of the degree shall be

liable to be withheld in all such cases.

9.0 TRANSITORY REGULATIONS: Revised regulations for the students seeking re-admission into 2013 Regulations

(detained due to shortage of attendance / lack of credits)

1. The student has to continue the course work along with the

regular students of the respective semester in which the

student gets re-admission.

2. The credit structure shall remain same, which is applicable

at the time of first admission. Substitute / compulsory

subjects shall be offered in place of subjects that are already

studied earlier. The student has to register for those courses.

3. The mode of internal evaluation (i.e., in-course

assessments) and external evaluation (i.e., end-semester

examinations) shall be on par with the regular students, i.e.,

the student has to follow the then mode of internal

evaluation and the then question paper model for the end-

semester examinations along with the regular students of the

respective semester in which the student gets re-admission.

6

4. For the subjects studied under earlier regulations but failed,

the student has to appear, pass and acquire credits from the

supplementary examinations as and when conducted. The

question paper model shall remain same as that the student

appeared under earlier regulations.

5. The promotion criteria based on attendance shall be in

accordance with the regulations under which the student

was first admitted.

6. All other academic requirements shall be in accordance with

the regulations under which the student was first admitted.

7. The decision by the Chairman Academic Council is final on

any other clarification in this regard.

10.0 GENERAL

1. The academic regulations should be read as a whole for

purpose of any interpretation.

2. In case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of the

above rules, the decision of the Chairman, Academic

Council is final.

3. The College may change or amend the academic regulations

and syllabus at any time and the changes amendments made

shall be applicable to all the students with effect from the

date notified by the College.

4. Wherever the word he, him or his occur, it will also include

she, hers.

******

7



COURSE STRUCTURE

SEMESTER - I

Course

Code

THEORY/LAB L P C

13BM2201 Advanced Computational Methods 4 - 3

13ME2301 Advanced Fluid Mechanics 4 - 3

13ME2302 Advanced Thermodynamics 4 - 3

13ME2303 Advanced Heat Transfer 4 - 3

13ME2304 Advanced I.C. Engines 4 - 3

13ME2305

13ME2306

13ME2307

Elective – I

Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning

Advanced Power Plant Engineering

Jet and Rocket Propulsion

4 - 3

13ME2308 Thermal Engineering Lab - 3 2

TOTAL 24 3 20

SEMESTER – II

Course

Code

THEORY/LAB L P C

13ME2309 Measurements in Thermal Engineering 4 - 3

13ME2310 Turbo Machines 4 - 3

13ME2311 Computational Fluid Dynamics 4 - 3

13ME2312 Fuels and Combustion 4 - 3

13ME2313 Renewable Energy Resources 4 - 3

13ME2314

13ME2315

13ME2316

Elective – II

Optimization Techniques and

Applications

Design of Thermal Equipment

Energy Conservation and Audit

4 - 3

13ME2317 Simulation Lab - 3 2

TOTAL 24 3 20

8


SEMESTER – III

Course Code SEMINAR/ PROJECT WORK CREDITS

13ME2318 SEMINAR 2

13ME2319 PROJECT WORK (Contd..) -

SEMESTER – IV

Course code PROJECT WORK CREDITS

13ME2319 PROJECT WORK 40

9


ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

Course Code: 13BM2101 L P C

4 0 3

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the Course, Student will be able to:

CO1 : Discuss several important methods with widespread application

for solving large system of equations

CO2 : Appraise the importance of eigen value problems in engineering

sciences.

CO3 : Analyze experimental data by fitting a polynomial or estimating

the derivative or finding the integrals or performing Fourier

analysis.

CO4 : Prepare mathematical model for physical situations and

numerically analyze the corresponding ordinary linear/nonlinear,

initial/boundary value differential equations.

CO5 : Prepare mathematical model for physical situations and

numerically analyze the corresponding partial linear/nonlinear,

initial value/ initial boundary value differential equations.

UNIT-I System of linear equations: Gauss elimination method, triangularization

method, Cholesky method, Partition method, Error Analysis for Direct

Methods.

Iteration Methods: Jacobi Iteration Method, Gauss Seidel Iteration

Method, SOR Method.

UNIT-II

Eigen value and Eigen Vectors, Bounds on Eigen values, Jacobi Method

for symmetric matrices, givens method for symmetric matrices,

householders method, power method.

UNIT-III

Numerical differentiation: Introduction, methods based on undetermined

coefficients, optimum choice of step length, extrapolation methods,

partial differentiation.

Numerical Integration: Introduction, open type integration rules,

methods based on undetermined coefficients: Gauss-Legendre, Gauss-

Chebyshev, Romberg Integration.

Double integration: Trapezoidal method, Simpson’s method.

10


UNIT-IV

Numerical Solutions of ordinary differential equations (boundary value

problem): introduction, shooting method: linear and non linear second

order differential equations.

UNIT-V

Numerical solutions of partial differential equations: introduction, finite

difference approximation to derivatives. Laplace equation- Jacobi

method, Gauss Seidel Iteration Method, SOR Method, Parabolic

Equations, iterative methods for parabolic equations, hyperbolic

equations.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K.Jain, “Numerical Methods for

Scientific and Engineering Computation”, New Age International

(P) Limited, Publishers, 4th

Edition, 2003.

2. S.S.Sastry, “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis”,

Prentice Hall India Pvt., Limited, 4th

Edition.

REFERENCES:

1. Samuel Daniel Conte, Carl W. De Boor, “Elementary

Numerical Analysis: An Algorithmic Approach”, 3rd

Edition,

McGraw-Hill.

11


ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS

Course Code: 13ME2301 L P C

4 0 3

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student will be able to CO1 : Analyze and apply the concepts of potential flow and Navier-

Stokes equations to solve the fluid flow problems.

CO2 : Explain the concepts of boundary layer separation and turbulent

flows

CO3 : Classify the compressible fluid flows and discuss stagnation

properties.

CO4 : Solve nozzle, diffuser, and shock wave problems of compressible

fluids.

CO5 : Apply Prandtl, Rankine-Hugniot equations to solve oblique shock

waves and discuss the Fanno curves.

UNIT-I Rotational and irrotational flows – velocity potential – circulation –

relationship between stream function and potential function – basic

solutions of stream and potential functions for uniform flow, source or

sink, doublet and vortex flow – stationary circular cylinder - cylinder

with circulation.

Normal stresses – shear stresses - Navier-Stokes equations – flow

through a parallel channel – very low Reynolds number flow – order of

magnitude analysis, and approximation of N-S equations – boundary

layer equations.

UNIT-II Momentum integral equations – flow over a flat plate – displacement

thickness – momentum thickness – boundary layer separation – drag –

bluff bodies – aerofoils.

Laminar–turbulent transition – time mean and time dependent

description – conservation of mass – momentum equations and Reynolds

stresses – boundary layer equations – shear stress models, eddy

viscosity, Prandtl’s mixing length – laminar sub layer –turbulent

boundary layer on a flat plate.

12


UNIT-III Wave propagation in an elastic solid medium – propagation of sound

waves – Mach number – Mach angle – equation of sound wave.

Energy equation – energy equation for non-flow and flow processes –

adiabatic energy equation – stagnation enthalpy - stagnation temperature

- stagnation pressure – stagnation velocity of sound – reference

velocities – Bernoulli’s equation – effect of Mach number on

compressibility.

UNIT-IV Comparison of isentropic and adiabatic processes – Mach Number

variation - expansion in nozzles – compression in diffusers – stagnation

and critical states – area ratio as a function of mach number – impulse

function - mass flow rate, flow through nozzles - convergent nozzles –

convergent-divergent nozzles – flow through diffusers.

Development of a shock wave – rarefaction wave – governing equations,

Fanno line, Rayleigh line -Prandtl-Meyer relation – Mach number

downstream of the shock wave – static pressure ratio across the shock -

temperature ratio across the shock – density ratio across the shock -

stagnation pressure ratio across the shock.

UNIT-V

Nature of flow through oblique shock waves – fundamental relations -

Prandtl’s equation – Rankine-Hugoniot equation.

The Fanno curves – Fanno flow equations – variation of flow

parameters.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. A.K. Mohanty, “Fluid Mechanics”, 2nd

Edition, PHI Learning

Private Limited, New Delhi, 2010.

2. S.M. Yahya, “Fundamentals of Compressible Flow With Aircraft

And Rocket Propulsion

(SI UNITs)”, 3rd

Edition, New Age International Publishers, New

Delhi, 2003.

13


REFERRENCES: 1. Som and Biswas, “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid

Machines”, 2nd

Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.

2. S.W. Yuan, “Foundations of Fluid Mechanics”, Prentice-Hall,

1967.

3. Patrick H. Oosthuizen and William E. Carscallen, “Compressible

Fluid Flow”, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, 1997.

14


ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS


4 0 3

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO1 : Apply the concept of entropy and irreversibility to solve practical

problems.

CO2 : Explain P-V, T-S, P-T and h-s diagrams of pure substance and its

significance.

CO3 : Distinguish the equations of state for ideal and real gases and gas

mixtures.

CO4 : DevelopTdS, Maxwell’s equations and power cycles.

CO5 : Explain thermodynamic distribution function and partition

function in statistical thermodynamics.

UNIT-I Entropy: Clausius theorem - the property of entropy – the inequality of

Clausius – entropy change in an irreversible process – entropy principle

– applications of entropy principle to the processes of transfer of heat

through a finite temperature difference, and mixing of two fluids

maximum work obtainable from a finite body and a thermal energy

reservoir – entropy transfer with heat flow - entropy generation in a

closed system – entropy generation in an open system.

UNIT-II

Available energy: Available energy referred to a cycle - available

energy from a finite energy source – maximum work in a reversible

process – dead state – availability in a steady flow process – availability

in a non-flow process – availability in chemical reactions.

P-V-T Relationships for pure substances: P-v diagram for a pure

substance, triple point line, critical point, saturated liquid and vapor

lines, P-T diagram for a pure substance - T-s diagram for a pure

substance – h-s diagram (Mollier diagram) for a pure substance –

dryness fraction – problems using steam tables.

15


UNIT-III

Properties of Gases: Equations of state – Vander Waal’s equation – law

of corresponding states – Beattie-Bridgeman equation, Redlich-Kwong

equation.

Gas Mixtures: Dalton’s law of partial pressures – enthalpy and entropy

of gas mixtures.

Reactive Systems: Degree of reaction – reaction equilibrium – law of

mass action – heat of reaction – temperature dependence of the heat of

reaction – temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant – change

in Gibbs function – Fugacity and activity.

UNIT-IV

Thermodynamic Relations: Maxwell’s equations –TdS equations –

difference in heat capacities – ratio of heat capacities – Joule-Kelvin

effect – Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

Power Cycles: Brayton cycle – comparison between Brayton cycle and

Rankine cycle – effect of regeneration on Brayton cycle efficiency –

Brayton-Rankine combined cycle.

Statistical Thermodynamics-I: Thermodynamic equilibrium

distribution – thermodynamic distribution function – thermodynamic

ensemble, micro canonical ensemble, canonical ensemble, grand

canonical ensemble.

UNIT-V

Statistical Thermodynamics-II: Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics and

distribution – Fermi-Dirac statistics and distribution – Bose-Einstein

statistics and distribution – phase space – Liouville equation –

equilibrium constant by statistical thermodynamic approach.

Partition function – equipartition of energy – partition function for

canonical ensemble – partition function for an ideal monoatomic gas –

decomposition of partition function – translational partition function –

electronic, rotational and vibrational partition functions.

16


TEXT BOOKS:

1. P.K. Nag, “Engineering Thermodynamics”, 4th

Edition, Tata

McGraw-Hill Education Private Limited, 2010.

2. S.S. Thipse, “Advanced Thermodynamics”, Narosa Publishing

House, New Delhi, 2013

REFERENCES:

1. Y.A. Cengel and M.A. Boles, “Thermodynamics – An Engineering

Approach”, 5th

Edition in SI Units, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Company Limited, New Delhi, 2006.

2. C. Borganakke and R.E. Sonntag, “Fundamentals of

Thermodynamics”, 7th

Edition,

Wiley India, Delhi, 2012.

3. Van P. Carey, “Statistical thermodynamics and micro scale thermo

physics”, Cambridge University Press, 1999

17


ADVANCED HEAT TRANSFER


4 0 3

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO1 : Explain the general heat conduction equation, fin heat transfer,

solution of two-dimensional steady state equation, and conduction

shape factor

CO2 : Describe the solution of transient heat conduction equation by

analytical methods and by Heisler’s charts, and laminar heat

transfer for flow over a flat plate

CO3 : Analyze heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flows through pipe,

liquid metal and high speed flow, and describe pool and flow

boiling

CO4 : Compare external and in-tube film condensation, and explain

working of a heat pipe

CO5 : Explain radiation properties and apply radiation networks to

calculate radiation exchange between surfaces, and gas radiation

UNIT-I

General heat conduction equation: Heat conduction equation in

Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates.

One-dimensional steady state heat conduction: Heat transfer from

extended surfaces – infinitely long fin - rectangular and triangular fins –

boundary conditions - fin performance.

Two-dimensional steady state heat conduction: Steady state two-

dimensional heat conduction equation – boundary conditions –

numerical solution by finite difference method.

Definition of conduction shape factor – conduction shape factor for a

three-dimensional wall and for different other geometries.

UNIT-II

Unsteady-state heat conduction: Lumped heat capacity system -

transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite rod - transient heat

conduction in an infinite plate with convection boundary condition at the

surface.

18


Transient heat conduction in an infinite cylinder exposed to a convection

environment - transient heat conduction in a sphere - Heisler’s charts.

Forced convection-I: Laminar boundary layer on a flat plate – Von

Karman analysis through integral equations for hydrodynamic boundary

layer thickness – energy balance equation and thermal boundary layer on

a flat plate, turbulent boundary layer – mixing length and eddy viscosity.

UNIT-III

Forced convection-II: Heat transfer in laminar tube flow – turbulent

flow in a tube, heat transfer in high speed flow – liquid metal heat

transfer – high speed heat transfer for a flat plate.

Boiling: Regimes of saturated pool boiling – Rohsenow’s correlation for

nucleate pool boiling, flow boiling: external flow boiling, internal flow

boiling, two-phase flow regimes.

UNIT-IV

Condensation: Nusselt’s analysis for laminar film condensation on a

vertical plate – condensate Reynolds number – film condensation inside

horizontal tubes.

Heat pipe: Heat pipe components, materials and working fluids –

Applications of heat pipe – Cooling of electronic components.

UNIT-V

Radiation heat transfer: Radiation properties – Kirchhoff’s law –

Wien’s displacement law – Planck’s distribution law – black body - gray

body. Radiation heat exchange between black isothermal surfaces -

radiation shape factor, Irradiation–radiosity– space resistance – surface

resistance – radiation networks – radiation between two hot plates

enclosed by a room.

Gas radiation: Radiation exchange between a gas and a heat transfer

surface - absorption in a gas layer - radiation network for an absorbing

and transmitting medium, interaction of radiation with conduction and

convection.

19


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Holman, J.P., “Heat Transfer”, 10th

Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2010.

2. David Reay and Peter Kew, “Heat pipes – Theory, Design and

Applications”, 5th

Edition, Butterworth and Heinemann (Elsevier),

2006.

REFERENCES:

1. M. Thirumaleswar, “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”,

2nd

Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2009.

2. Incropera, F.P., Dewitt, D.P., Bergman, T.L., Lavine, A.S.,

Seetharamu, K.N. and Seetharam,T.R., “Fundamentals of Heat and

Mass Transfer”,1st

Edition, WileyIndia, 2013.

3. Sachdeva, T.R., “Fundamentals of Engineering Heat and Mass

Transfer” (SI UNITs), 4th

Edition, New Age International, 2010.

20


ADVANCED I.C. ENGINES


4 0 3


CO 1 : Explain the design and operating parameters of an engine and

analyze thermodynamic concepts of fuel- air cycles.

CO 2 : Summarize the concepts of volumetric efficiency, turbocharging

and supercharging.

CO 3 : Explain the concepts of types of charge motion within the

cylinder and flow in intake manifold.

CO 4 : Analyze different stages of combustion in SI and CI engines.

CO 5 : Explain the formation of different pollutants, their affect and

their treatment, and also associate the concepts of modern trends

in IC engines.

UNIT I

Engine types and their operation, engine design and operating

parameters, Fuel-air mixtures and cycle analysis- thermo chemistry of

fuel-air mixtures, properties of working fluids, ideal models of engine

cycles, fuel-air cycle analysis, and availability analysis of engine

processes.

UNIT II

Gas Exchange Processes - Volumetric efficiency, flow through valves,

residual gas fraction, exhaust gas flow rate and temperature variation,

flow through ports, supercharging and turbo charging.

UNIT III Charge motion- Mean velocity and turbulence characteristics, swirl,

squish, pre-chamber engine flows, crevice flows and blowby.

Fuel metering and manifold phenomenon-SI engine mixture

requirements, carburetors, fuel injection systems, flow past throttle plate,

flow in intake manifolds.

21


UNIT IV SI Engine combustion, thermodynamic analysis of SI engine

combustion, flame structure and speed, cyclic variations in combustion,

and abnormal combustion.

CI Engine combustion-Essential features, types of diesel combustion

systems, phenomenological model, analysis of cylinder pressure data,

fuel spray behavior, ignition delay, and mixing-controlled combustion.

UNIT V Pollutant formation and control- Nature and extent of problem, nitrogen

oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon emissions, particulate

emissions, exhaust gas treatment.

Modern trends in I.C. engines, lean burning engines-rotary engines,

modification in I.C engines to suit Bio – fuels, HCCI and GDI concepts.

TEXT BOOK:

1. John B. Heywood, “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamental”,

1st

Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2011.

REFERENCES:

1. Heinz Heisler, “Advanced Engine Technology”, Trafalgar Square,

1997.

2. V. Ganesan, “Internal Combustion Engines”, 2nd

Edition, Tata

McGraw Hill, 2002.

3. M.L.Mathur and R.P. Sharma, “Internal Combustion Engines”,

DhanpatRai, 2008.

22


REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING

(Elective – I)


4 0 3


CO1 : Explain different refrigeration systems, select refrigerants, and

design refrigeration components.

CO2 : Analyze simple vapor compression refrigeration systems, design

multi-evaporator systems and vapor absorption refrigeration

systems.

CO3 : Design steam jet and non-conventional refrigeration systems,

discuss different defrosting methods.

CO4 : Outline psychrometric properties and analyze different air

conditioning systems.

CO5 : Calculate capacities at different loads and design air conditioning

systems

UNIT – I Review on refrigeration- Methods of refrigeration-refrigeration by

expansion of air-refrigeration by throttling of gas-vapor refrigeration

system-steam jet refrigeration system-unit of refrigeration and COP–

mechanical refrigeration – ideal cycles of refrigeration. Air Refrigeration

- Bell-Coleman cycle and Brayton Cycle, open and dense air systems –

actual air refrigeration system problems – air craft refrigeration -simple,

bootstrap, regenerative, and reduced ambient systems – problems based

on different systems. Refrigerants - types, properties, and selection.

Refrigeration system components - compressors – general classification

– comparison – advantages and disadvantages, condensers and cooling

towers – classification – working principles, evaporators – classification

– working principles, expansion devices – types – working principles.

23


UNIT-II Vapor compression refrigeration -working principle and essential

components of the plant – simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle

– COP – representation of cycle on T-S and p-h charts – effect of sub

cooling and super heating – cycle analysis – methods to improve the

COP - use of p-h charts – wet versus dry compression.

Multi-evaporator and compressors -methods of improving COP, sub-

cooler heat exchanger, optimum inter stage pressure for two stage

refrigeration system –single load systems-multi load systems with single

compressor-multiple evaporator and compressor system - dry ice

system-cascade systems.

Vapor absorption system – simple absorption system –practical

ammonia absorption system – Electrolux Refrigerator- comparison of

VARS COP with Carnot COP- Domestic Electrolux Refrigerator-

Lithium–Bromide system-actual analysis of ammonia absorption

system-advantages of VARS over VCRS.

UNIT-III Steam jet refrigeration system - analysis-components of plant-

advantages, limitations and applications –performance.

Non-conventional refrigeration systems - thermoelectric refrigerator -

Vortex tube or Hilsch tube

Methods of defrosting - automatic periodic defrosting–solid absorbent

system- water defrosting-defrosting by reversing cycle-automatic hot gas

defrosting-thermo bank defrosting-electric defrosting -electric air switch

defrosting system-two outdoor unit system-multiple evaporators

defrosting system.

Applications: Food processing and storage by refrigeration.

UNIT-IV Air-conditioning- psychometric properties-psychrometric processes-

summer air-conditioning systems-winter air conditioning systems-year

around air –conditioning-requirements of comfort air-conditioning-

thermodynamics of human body- comfort chart-design considerations-

need for ventilation.

24


Air conditioning systems -classification of equipment - filters, grills and

registers, fans and blowers, humidifiers, dehumidifiers-central station

air-conditioning system-unitary air-conditioning system-self-contained

air-conditioning units.

UNIT-V Design of air conditioning systems -cooling load calculations - different

heat sources-bypass factor (BF) - effective sensible heat factor (ESHF) -

cooling coils and dehumidifying air washers.

TEXT BOOK:

1. S.C. Arora and S. Domkundwar, “A Course in Refrigeration and

Air Conditioning”, 8th

Edition, DhanpatRai & Co., 2012.

REFERENCES:

1. C.P.Arora, “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, 2nd

Edition, Tata

McGraw-Hill, 2008.

2. W.P. Stoeker, “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, Tata

McGraw-Hill, 1989.

3. R.J. Dossat, “Principles of Refrigeration”, John Willey and sons,

John Wiley (SI Version), 1989.

25


ADVANCED POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

(Elective – I)


4 0 3


CO1 : Analyze steam and gas turbine cycles.

CO2 : Discuss binary and power cycles.

CO3 : Explain advances in nuclear and MHD power plants.

CO4 : Explain heat recovery in combined power plants and pollution

caused by power plants

CO5 : Design for different loads and explain economic analysis of

power plant.

UNIT – I

Rankine Cycle – performance – thermodynamic analysis of cycles, cycle

improvements, super heaters, reheaters – condenser and feed water

heaters – operation and performance – layouts, gas turbine cycles –

optimization – thermodynamic analysis of cycles – cycle improvements

– multi spool arrangement. intercoolers, reheaters, regenerators –

operation and performance – layouts.

UNIT- II Binary and combined cycle – coupled cycles – comparative analysis of

combined heat and power cycles – IGCC – AFBC/PFBC cycles –

thermionic steam power plant.

UNIT- III

Overview of Nuclear power plants – radioactivity – fission process –

reaction rates –diffusion theory, elastic scattering and slowing down –

criticality calculations – critical heat flux – power reactors – nuclear

safety. MHD and MHD – steam power plants.

26


UNIT- IV

Advantages of combined working – load division between power

stations – storage type hydro-electric plant in combination with steam

plant – run of river plant in combination with steam plant – pump

storage plant in combination with steam or nuclear power plant –

coordination of hydro-electric and gas turbine stations – coordination of

hydro-electric and nuclear power station – coordination of different

types of power plants.

Air and water pollution –acid rains – thermal pollution – radioactive

pollution –standardization – methods of control.

UNIT-V Load curves–effects of variable load on power plant design and

operation–peak load plant– requirements of peak load plants–cost of

electrical energy–selection of type of generation– selection of generating

equipments–performance and operating characteristics of power plants.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Nag, P.K., “Power Plant Engineering”, Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing

Co Ltd, New Delhi, 1998.

2. Arora and Domkundwar, “A course in power Plant Engineering”,

DhanpatRai and CO, 2004.

REFERENCES:

1. Haywood, R.W, “ Analysis of Engineering Cycles”, 4th

Edition,

Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991.

2. Wood, A.J., Wollenberg, B.F, “Power Generation, operation and

control”, John Wiley, New York, 1984.

3. Gill, A.B., “ Power Plant Performance”, Butterworths, 1984.

4. Lamarsh, J.R., “Introduction to Nuclear”, Engg.2nd

edition, Addison-

Wesley, 1983.

27


JET AND ROCKET PROPULSION

(Elective – I)


4 0 3

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO1 : Explain the working of jet engines and rocket propulsion systems.

CO2 : Describe liquid propellant rocket engines.

CO3 : Discuss solid propellant rocket engines and explain rocket motor

design approach.

CO4 : Classify solid propellants and discuss the characteristics.

CO5 : Explain the working of hybrid propellant rockets and select the

process for rocket propulsion systems.

UNIT-I Ramjet engine, pulse jet engine, turboprop engine, turbojet engine, thrust

and thrust equation, specific thrust of turbojet engine, specific thrust of

the turbojet engine, efficiencies, parameters effecting the flight

performance, thrust augmentation.

Duct jet propulsion, rocket propulsion, chemical rocket propulsion,

nuclear rocket engines, electric rocket propulsion, applications of rocket

propulsion-space launch vehicles, spacecraft, missiles and other

applications.

UNIT-II

Liquid propellant rocket engine-propellants, propellant feed systems, gas

feed systems, propellant tanks, tank pressurization, turbo pump feed

system and engine cycles, flow and pressure balance, valves and pipe

lines, engine support structure.

Liquid Propellant properties, liquid oxidizers, liquid fuels liquid

monopropellants, gelled propellants, combustion process, analysis,

combustion instability.

28


UNIT-III Solid propellant rocket engine - propellant burning rate, basic

performance relations, propellant grain and grain configuration,

propellant grain stress and strain, attitude control.

Motor case – metal cases, wound –filament –reinforced plastic cases,

nozzles- classification, design and construction, heat absorption and

nozzle materials, rocket motor design approach.

UNIT-IV Solid propellants-classification, propellant characteristics, propellant

ingredients, smokeless propellant, igniter propellants, physical and

chemical processes, ignition process, extinction or thrust termination,

combustion instability.

UNIT-V Hybrid propellant rockets - applications and propellants, performance

analysis and grain configuration, combustion instability. Rocket

propulsion systems - selection process, criteria for selection, interfaces.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. V Ganesan, “Gas Turbines”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2nd

Edition, 2003.

2. Sutton P and Oscar Biblaz,” Rocket Propulsion Elements”, Wiley

India Pvt.Ltd. 2010.

REFERENCES:

1. Khajuria and Dubey, “Gas Turbines & Propulsive System”,

DhanpatRai Publications, 2012.

2. Hill and Peterson, “Mechanics and Dynamics of Propulsion”, 2nd

Edition, Prentice Hall, 1991.

29


THERMAL ENGINEERING LAB


0 3 2


CO1 : Measure the compressibility of real gases and dryness fraction of

steam.

CO2 : Evaluate the performance of variable compression engines, air

conditioning systems, heat pipe and refrigeration system.

CO3 : Analyze exhaust gases and test the evacuated tube concentrator.

CO4 : Determine overall heat transfer co-efficient for double pipe heat

exchanger with parallel and counter flow.

CO5 : Test the performance of pin fin under natural convection and

forced convection.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

Any TEN Experiments.

1. Compressibility factor measurement of different real gases.

2. Dryness fraction estimation of steam.

3. Performance test on a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel

engine.

4. Exhaust gas analysis with gas analyzer.

5. COP of refrigeration system.

6. Performance of an air-conditioning system.

7. Pin fin experiment under natural convection heat transfer conditions.

8. Pin fin experiment under forced convection heat transfer conditions.

9. Double pipe heat exchanger with parallel and counter flow.

10. Finned tube heat exchanger.

11. Performance of heat pipe.

12. Evacuated tube concentrator.

30


MEASUREMENTS IN THERMAL ENGINEERING


4 0 3

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course, student will be able to

CO1 : Identify the suitable instrument for measuring transport

parameters and estimate error

CO2 : Detect suitable range of pressure gauge and compute its dynamic

response

CO3 : Distinguish different flow visualization methods and temperature

measurements.

CO4 : Determine thermal conductivity in solids, liquids and gases and

radiation measurements

CO5 : Develop transfer function of given mechanical system by using

concept of control system.

UNIT-I

Instrument classification, static and dynamic characteristics of

instruments, experimental error analysis, systematic and random errors,

statistical analysis, uncertainty, reliability of instruments,

Variable resistance transducers, capacitive transducers, piezoelectric

transducers, photoconductive transducers, photovoltaic cells, ionization

transducers, Hall effect transducers.

UNIT-II Dynamic response considerations, Bridgman gauge, McLeod gauge,

Pirani thermal conductivity gauge, Knudsen gauge, Alphatron.

UNIT-III Flow measurement by drag effects; hot-wire anemometers, magnetic

flow meters, flow visualization methods, interferometer, Laser Doppler

anemometer.

Temperature measurement by mechanical effect, temperature

measurement by radiation, transient response of thermal systems,

thermocouple compensation, temperature measurements in high- speed

flow.

31


UNIT-IV Thermal conductivity measurement of solids, liquids, and gases,

measurement of gas diffusion, convection heat transfer measurements,

humidity measurements, heat-flux meters.

Detection of thermal radiation, measurement of emissivity, reflectivity

and transmissivity, solar radiation measurement.

UNIT-V

Review of open and closed loop control systems and servo mechanisms,

Transfer functions of Mechanical Systems, input and output systems.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Holman, J.P., “Experimental methods for engineers”, Tata

McGraw-Hill, 7th

Edition, 2007.

REFERENCES:

1. Prebrashensky. V., “Measurement and Instrumentation in Heat

Engineering”, Vol.1, MIR Publishers, 1980.

2. Raman, C.S. Sharma, G.R., Mani, V.S.V., “Instrumentation

Devices and Systems”, 2nd

Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill., 2001.

3. Morris. A.S, “Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation”,

3rd

Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

32


TURBOMACHINES


4 0 3


CO1 : Apply thermodynamic principles to nozzles, diffusers and various

stages of compressors and turbines.

CO2 : Discuss the gas, steam turbine plants and explain flow through the

cascades of compressors and turbines.

CO3 : Apply the methods to estimate the stage work and efficiency of

axial and centrifugal compressors.

CO4 : Apply the methods to estimate the stage work and efficiency of

axial and radial turbines.

CO5 : Explain the parameters required for the design of fans.

UNIT-I Turbo machines, turbines, pumps and compressors, fans and blowers,

compressible flow machines, incompressible flow machines, turbine,

compressor and fan stages, extended turbo machines, axial stages, radial

stages, mixed flow stages, impulse stages, reaction stages, variable

reaction stages, multistage machines, stage velocity triangles, design

conditions, off-design conditions, applications.

Thermodynamics -basic definitions and laws, energy equation, adiabatic

flow through nozzles, adiabatic flow through diffusers, work and

efficiencies in turbine stages, work and efficiencies in compressor

stages.

UNIT-II Gas and steam turbine plants - open and closed circuit plants - aircraft

gas turbine plants - gas turbines for surface vehicles, electric power

station, petro-chemical plants and cryogenics.

Types of steam turbines – steam power cycle – industrial steam turbines

– combined steam and gas turbine plants.

Flow through cascades -two-dimensional flow, cascade of blades,

cascade performance, axial turbine cascades, axial compressor cascades,

annular cascades, radial cascades.

33


UNIT-III

Axial compressor stages -stage velocity triangles, enthalpy-entropy

diagram, flow through blade rows, stage losses and efficiency, work

done factor, low hub-tip ratio stages, supersonic and transonic stages,

performance characteristics.

Centrifugal compressor stages -elements of centrifugal compressor

stage, stage velocity triangle, enthalpy-entropy diagram, nature of

impeller flow, slip factor, diffuser, volute casing, stage losses and

performance characteristics.

UNIT-IV

Axial turbine stages -stage velocity triangle, single impulse stage, multi

stage velocity and pressure compounded impulses, reaction stages,

blade-to-gas speed ratio, losses and efficiencies, performance charts, low

hub-trip ratio stages.

Radial turbine stages -elements of a radial turbine stage, stage velocity

triangles, enthalpy-entropy diagram, stage losses, performance

characteristics, outward flow radial stages.

UNIT-V

Axial fans and centrifugal fans -fan applications, axial fans, fan stage

parameters, types of axial fan stages, types of centrifugal fans,

centrifugal fan stage parameters, design parameters.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. S.M. Yahya, “Turbines, Pumps, Compressors”, 4th

Edition, Tata

McGraw Hill, 2010.

REFERENCES:

1. Charles A, Earsons, “The steam turbine”, Cambridge University

Press, 2012.

2. Norman Davey, “Gas Turbines – Theory and practice”, 3rd

Edition, Merchant Books, 2006.

3. S.M. Yahya, “Fundamentals of Compressible flow with aircraft

and rocket propulsion”, New Age International, 2010.

4. Cophen, Roger and Sarvanamiuttu, “Gas Turbines”, 6th

Edition,

Pearson, 2008.

5. Seppo A. Korpela, “Principles of turbomachinery”, John Wiley &

Sons, 2011.

34


COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS


4 0 3

Course Outcomes:


CO1 : Explain basic approaches and numerical methods to solve fluid

dynamics problems

CO2 : Explain finite volume method for diffusion and convection-

diffusion problems using different interpolation schemes

CO3 : Solve linear algebraic equations and transient one and two

dimensional heat conduction equations

CO4 : Explain stream function-vorticity method, and to solve the

pressure equation

CO5 : Discuss pressure correction method to solve incompressible and

compressible flows, and explain turbulent flow models

UNIT-I Principles of conservation of mass and momentum – dimensionless form

of equations – simplified mathematical models for incompressible,

inviscid, potential and creeping flows, Boussinesq and boundary layer

approximations – mathematical classification as hyperbolic, parabolic

and elliptic flows.

Approaches to fluid dynamical problems – possibilities and limitations

of numerical methods – components of numerical solution method:

mathematical model, discretization method, coordinate and basis vector

systems, numerical grid, finite approximations, solution method,

convergence criteria, consistency, stability, convergence – discretization

approaches: finite difference method, finite volume method, finite

element method.

UNIT-II Finite difference methods: approximation of first, second and mixed

derivatives, uniform and non-uniform derivatives, implementation of

boundary conditions, discretization errors.

Finite volume methods: approximation of surface and volume integrals –

interpolation schemes: upwind differencing, central difference scheme,

quadratic upwind interpolation (QUICK) scheme – implementation of

boundary conditions – algebraic equation system.

35


UNIT III Solution of linear algebraic equations: Gauss elimination method,

Thomas algorithm for tri-diagonal system of equations.

Solution of transient one-dimensional differential equation: explicit

method, Crank-Nicolson implicit scheme.

Solution of unsteady two-dimensional differential equation: Alternating

Direction Implicit method.

UNIT-IV Solution of Navier-Stokes equations-I: Discretization of derivative

terms: convective and viscous terms, pressure and body force terms –

conservation properties.

Variable grid: Collocated arrangement, staggered arrangement.

The pressure equation and its solution: A simple explicit time advance

scheme, a simple implicit time advance scheme - stream function-

vorticity method.

UNIT-V Solution of Navier-Stokes equations-II: Implicit pressure correction

methods: SIMPLE and SIMPLER algorithms.

Turbulent flows: Large eddy simulation (LES) – Reynolds averaged

Navier-Stokes equations – Simple turbulence models – Reynolds stress

model.

Compressible flow: Pressure correction method, pressure-velocity-

density coupling, boundary conditions.

TEXT BOOK:

1. J. H, Ferziger and M. Peric, “Computational Methods for Fluid

Dynamics”, 3rd

Revised Edition, Springer, 2002.

REFERENCES:

1. C. Hirsch, “Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows:

Volume 1, Fundamentals of Numerical Discretization”, 2nd

Edition,

John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

2. C. Hirsch, “Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows:

Volume 2, Methods of Inviscid and Viscous Flows”, John Wiley

& Sons, 2007.

3. H. K. Versteeg and W. Malalasekera, “An Introduction to

Computational Fluid Dynamics: the Finite Volume Method”,

Longman Scientific & Technical, 1996.

36


FUELS AND COMBUSTION


4 0 3

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student will be able to CO1 : Differentiate between various fuels

CO2 : Explain different steps in refinery process of petroleum

CO3 : Analyze exhaust and flue gases

CO4 : Design burners

CO5 : Explain methods for emission control in combustion.

UNIT-I Classification of coal, analysis and properties of coal, oxidation of coal,

hydrogenation of coal, agro fuels, solid fuel handling.

.

UNIT-II Classification of petroleum products, Handling and storage of petroleum

products, Refining and other conversion processes, property and testing

of petroleum products, other liquid fuels.

Types of gaseous fuels, natural gases, methane from coal mines,

manufactured gases, producer gas, water gas, blast furnace gas, refinery

gas, LPG, cleaning and purification of gaseous fuels.

UNIT-III Stoichiometry relations, theoretical and minimum air required for

complete combustion, calculation of dry flue gases, exhaust gas analysis,

flue gas analysis.

Principles of combustion, rapid methods of combustion, flame

propagation, various methods of flame stabilization.

UNIT-IV

Basic features of burner, types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel burners,

design consideration of different types of burners, recuperative and

regenerative burners, Pulverised fuel furnaces–fixed, entrained, and

fluidized bed systems.

37


UNIT-V Emissions, Emission index, corrected concentrations, control of

emissions for premixed and non-premixed combustion.

TEXT BOOK:

1. S. Sarkar, “Fuels and combustion”, 3rd

Edition, Universities

Press, 2009.

REFERENCES:

1. H. Joshua Phillips, “Fuels, solid, liquid and gaseous – Their

analysis and valuation”, General Books, 2010.

2. S.R. Turns, “An introduction to combustion – Concepts and

applications”, Tata McGraw- Hill, 2000.

3. K. Kanneth, “Principles of combustion”, Wiley and Sons, 2005.

4. S.P. Sharma and C. Mohan, “Fuels and combustion”, Tata

McGraw-Hill, 1984

38


RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES

(Elective-II)


4 0 3


CO1 : Explain solar energy radiation, analyze different solar collectors,

energy conversion systems.

CO2 : Discuss power generation using geothermal and wind energy.

CO3 : Describe power generation in biomass and bio-fuels.

CO4 : Analyze the electro chemical effects and fuel cells, hydrogen

energy cycle.

CO5 : Apply the direct energy conversion methods, wave and tidal

energy.

UNIT – I

Introduction – Renewable Energy sources-energy parameters-

cogeneration-new technologies-distributed energy systems-impact of

renewable energy generation on environment-solar energy, wind energy,

biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy.

Scenario - survey of energy resources – classification – need for non-

conventional energy resources.

Solar Radiation and its Measurement: The Sun – sun-earth relationship –

solar radiation – radiation measuring instruments.

Solar Collectors: Solar collectors- flat plate collector- performance

analysis of flat plate collector- solar air collectors-solar concentrating

collectors- performance analysis -types of concentrating collectors-

compound parabolic concentrator (CPC)-Tracking CPC and solar swing

- performance analysis.

Solar Thermal Energy Storage: Different systems.

Solar Thermal Energy Conversation Systems: solar water heating–

heating of swimming pool-solar thermal power plant-central receiver

power plants– solar ponds-solar pumping systems-solar air heaters- solar

crop drying –solar kilns-integrated solar dryers- solar cooker-solar

passive techniques-solar air conditioning & refrigeration-solar green

houses.

39


Solar Photovoltaic System: Semi conductor materials and doping-p-n

junction-photovoltaic effect- efficiency of solar cells- semiconductor

materials for solar cells- solar photovoltaic system (SPS)-application-

plastic solar cells with nanotechnology.

UNIT – II

Geothermal Energy: Introduction-structure of earth – plate tectonic

theory-geothermal field–geothermal gradients- geothermal power

generation-preheat hybrid with conventional plant- resources in India.

Wind Energy: Introduction- classification of wind turbines-types of

rotors-terms used-aerodynamic operation –wind energy extraction-

extraction of power-wind characteristics-mean wind speed & energy

estimation-power density duration curve- types of wind machines-

modes of wind power generation.

UNIT - III Bio – Energy: Introduction-biomass resources-bio fuels-biogas-producer

gas-biomass conversion technologies-biochemical conversion-biomass

gasification-biogas technology-biogas plants-energy recovery from

urban waste-MSW based power project-power generation from land fill

gas- power generation from liquid waste-biomass cogeneration-ethanol

from biomass-bio diesel-bio fuel petrol-biomass resource development

in India-environmental benefits.

UNIT – IV

Electro Chemical Effects and Fuel Cells: Principle of operation of an

acidic fuel cell-technical parameter of fuel cell-fuel processor-methanol

fuel cell-classification of fuel cells- other types of fuel cells- comparison

between acidic and alkaline hydrogen oxygen fuel cells- efficiency and

EMF of fuel cells- operating characteristics of fuel cells- advantages of

fuel cell power plants- future potential of fuel cells.

Hydrogen Energy: Properties of hydrogen in respect of its use as source

of renewable energy- sources of hydrogen- production of hydrogen-

storage and transportation- safety and management-development of

hydrogen cell- economics of hydrogen fuel and – I.C. Engines

applications – utilization strategy – performances.

40


UNIT – V Energy from Oceans: Tidal Energy: Introduction to -tidal characteristics-

range-energy estimation for tidal power project-double cycle system-

development of tidal power scheme-components of power plant-

advantages and disadvantages-global scenario-power development in

India.

Wave Energy: Introduction -factors effecting wave energy-ocean wave

parameters-energy from waves-wave power data-energy resource in

India-wave area-analysis of wave energy-wave energy conversation-

principles of wave energy-wave power development in India-OTEC.

Direct Energy Conversion: Need for DEC- Carnot cycle- limitations-

Principles of DEC. Thermo-electric generators-Seebeck-Peltier and

Joule-Thompson effects- figure of merit- materials- applications-MHD

generators- principles- dissociation and ionization- Hall effect-magnetic

flux- MHD accelerator- MHD engine- power generation systems-

electron gas dynamic conversion- economic aspects.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. D.P. Kothari, K.C. Singal, Rakesh Ranjan, “Renewable Energy

Resources and Emerging Technologies”, 2nd

Ed., PHI Learning

Private Limited , 2012 .

2. G.D. Rai., “Non-conventional Energy sources”, 4th

Edition,

Khanna Publishers, 2008.

REFERENCES:

1. Suhas- P. Sukhatma and Nayak- J.K., “Solar Energy”, 3rd

Ed.,

TMH- New Delhi, 2008.

2. G.N.Tiwari and M.K.Ghosal, “Fundamentals of Renewable Energy

Resources”, Alpha Science International Limited, 2007.

3. John Twidell & Tony Weir, “Renewable Energy Resources”, 2nd

Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2006.

41


OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS

(Elective-II)


4 0 3

Course Outcomes:


CO1 : Solve optimization problems using classical optimization

techniques

CO2 : Solve simple non-linear multivariable optimization problems

CO3 : Solve optimization problems using geometric programming

CO4 : Explain the working of different operators used in genetic

algorithms for optimization.

CO5 : Explain concepts of stochastic programming and solve problems

using integer programming.

UNIT-I

Introduction-Classification of optimization problems classical

optimization techniques: single variable optimization–multivariable with

no constraints-multivariable with equality constraints, direct substitution

method, method of Lagrange multipliers.

Unimodal function, methods of single variable optimization -, bisection

method, unrestricted,

Dichotomous, Fibonacci.

UNIT-II Univariate search, Pattern search methods- Hookes-Jeeves method,

Powell’s method, steepest descent method. Penalty approach- interior

and exterior penalty function methods.

UNIT- III

Geometric programming -solution from differential calculus point of

view - solution from arithmetic-geometric inequality point of view -

degree of difficulty - optimization of zero degree of difficulty problems

with and without constraints- optimization of single degree of difficulty

problems without constraints.

42


UNIT-IV

Genetic algorithms - differences and similarities between conventional

and evolutionary algorithms, working principle, reproduction, crossover,

mutation, termination criteria, different reproduction and crossover

operators, GA for constrained optimization, drawbacks of GA.

UNIT-V

Integer Programming- Introduction – formulation – Gomory cutting

plane algorithm – Zero or one algorithm, branch and bound method.

Stochastic programming - Basic concepts of probability theory, random

variables- distributions-mean, variance, correlation, co variance, joint

probability distribution- stochastic linear, dynamic programming.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Singiresu S. Rao, “Engineering Optimization -Theory and

Practice”, 4th

Edition, Wiley, 2009.

REFERENCES:

1. Kalyanmoy Deb, “Optimization for Engineering Design-

Algorithms and Examples”, PHI, 8th

reprint, 2005.

2. Ashok D. Belegundu and Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla,

“Optimization concepts and applications in engineering”, 2nd

Edition, PHI, 2011.

43


DESIGN OF THERMAL EQUIPMENT

(Elective-II)


4 0 3

Course Outcomes:


CO1. Classify and design heat exchangers

CO2. Estimate convective heat transfer in ducts, concentric annuli,

circular pipes.

CO3. Determine pressure drop and effect of fouling in heat exchangers.

CO4. Design double pipe heat exchangers and compact heat

exchangers by considering fin effects.

CO5. Design condensers and evaporators for application in

refrigeration and air-conditioning.

UNIT-I Classification of heat exchangers: Tubular heat exchangers, plate heat

exchangers, extended surface heat exchangers – flow arrangements –

applications.

Basic design methods of heat exchangers: Overall heat transfer

coefficient – multi pass and cross flow heat exchangers - log mean

temperature difference method – effectiveness-NTU method for heat

exchanger analysis–heat exchanger design calculation–heat exchanger

design methodology.

UNIT-II Correlations for forced convection heat transfer coefficients: Laminar

forced convection in ducts and concentric annuli – turbulent forced

convection in circular pipes – heat transfer in helical coils and spirals –

heat transfer in bends.

UNIT-III Heat exchanger pressure drop and pumping power: Tube side pressure

drop in laminar and turbulent flows – pressure drop in helical and spiral

coils – pressure drop in bends and fittings.

44


Fouling of heat exchangers: Basic considerations – effect of fouling and

heat transfer and pressure drop – aspects of fouling – design of heat

exchangers subject to fouling.

UNIT-IV Double pipe heat exchangers: Pressure drop – hydraulic diameter –

hairpin heat exchanger – parallel and series arrangements of hairpins –

total pressure drop.

Compact heat exchangers: Plate-fin heat exchangers – tube-fin heat

exchangers – pressure drop for finned-tube heat exchangers – pressure

drop for plate-fin heat exchangers.

UNIT-V Condensers and evaporators: Horizontal shell-and-tube condensers –

horizontal in-tube condensers – plate condensers – air-cooled

condensers, thermal design of shell-and-tube condensers – design and

operational considerations.

TEXT BOOK: 1. Sadik Kakac and Hongtan Liu, “Heat Exchangers – Selection,

Rating and Thermal Design”, CRC Press, New York, USA,

2000.

REFERENCES:

1. Donald Q. Kern, “Process Heat Transfer”, Tata McGraw-Hill,

2001.

2. S. Kakac, A.E. Bergles and F. Mayinger, “Heat Exchangers:

Thermal-Hydraulic Fundamentals and Design”, Hemisphere

Pub., 1981.

3. “Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association

(TEMA)”, Inc., 7th

Edition, New York, 1988.

45


ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDIT

(Elective-II)


4 0 3


CO1. Explain the principles of energy conservation and methodology

of energy auditing.

CO2. Determine energy efficiency in thermal utilities such as boilers,

compressors, refrigeration systemsand cooling towers

CO3. Discuss concepts of total energy and its application and role of

instrumentation in energy conservation

CO4. Propose potential areas for electrical energy conservation

CO5. Distinguish the importance of energy management, energy

economics and life cycle costing.

UNIT-I

Introduction – Energy scenario, principles, and imperatives of energy

conservation, energy consumption pattern, resource availability, role of

energy managers in industries.

Energy auditing, methodology with respect to process industries,

characteristic method employed in energy intensive industries.

UNIT-II Energy efficiency in thermal utilities –boilers, steam systems, furnaces,

insulation, refractory, cogeneration, waste heat recovery.

Energy efficiency in compressed air system, refrigeration systems, fans,

blowers, pumps and pumping system, cooling towers.

UNIT-III

Concept of total energy, advantages and limitations, total energy system

and application, various possible schemes.

Role of instrumentation in energy conservation, prime movers used in

total energy systems, potential and economics of total energy systems.

46


UNIT-IV

Potential areas for electrical conservation in various industries, energy

management opportunities in electrical heating, lighting system and

electric motors and variable speed drives.

UNIT-V Importance of energy management, energy economics, discount rate,

internal rate of return and life cycle costing.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Goswami and Kreith, “Energy Conversion”, CRC Press, 2007.

2. Umesh Rathod, “Energy management”, S.K. Kataria & Sons,

REFERENCES:

1. Y.P. Abbi, “Energy audit, thermal power, combined cycle and

cogeneration plants”, Teri Publishers, 2012.

2. W.C. Turner., “Energy management hand book”, CRC Press

Publications.

47


SIMULATION LAB


0 3 2

Course Outcomes:


CO1. Solve numerically the problems of steady and unsteady state heat

conduction in a slab

CO2. Estimate theoretically the heat transfer rate from rectangular and

triangular fins

CO3. Solve numerically the problems of forced convection in internal

flow and natural convection heat transfer

CO4. Design from numerical computations the parallel and counter

flow heat exchangers

CO5. Explain TDMA and methods to solve first and second order

ordinary differential Equations

LIST OF NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:

Any TEN numerical problems.

The following problems are solved using MATLAB, FEM and FVM

softwares.

1. Two dimensional steady state heat conduction in a slab.

2. One dimensional unsteady state heat conduction in a slab.

3. Heat transfer from a rectangular fin.

4. Heat transfer from a triangular fin.

5. Laminar flow through a rectangular duct.

6. Laminar natural convection from a vertical plate.

7. Parallel flow double pipe heat exchanger.

8. Counter flow heat exchanger.

9. Solution of a Tridiagonal matrix (TDM) using Thomas algorithm.

10. Solution of a second order ordinary differential equation by fourth-

order Runge-Kutta Method.

11. Solution of simultaneous first order ordinary differential equations

by fourth-order Runge-Kutta Method.

48

Documents

M.TECH. THERMAL ENGINEERING - Gayatri Vidya …gvpce.ac.in/syllabi/M.Techsyllabus -2014-15/13_M.Tech._Thermal Engg... · optimal solutions with due consideration to public health