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ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510 NT1.1

M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated) course

I year syllabus Paper-I English for Communication

Part –A (50 Marks)

POETRY

Title of the Poem Name of the Poet 1. Ode to Autumn John Keats 2. Dover Beach Matthew Arnold 3. The Unknown Citizen W. H. Auden 4. Poem – 36 Rabindranath Tagore 5. Myriad-Winged Bird A. Satyavathi Devi 6. Telephone Conversation Wole Soyinka

PROSE

Title of the Prose Lesson Name of the Author 1. Is Progress Real? Will Durant 2. Stephen Leacock Conjuror’s Revenge 3. The Best Investment I Ever Made A. J. Cronin 4. Prospects of Democracy Dr. B. R. Ambedkar 5. I Have a Dream Martin Luther King 6. Letter to a Teacher Nora Rossi and Tom Cole

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

1. Reading Comprehension 2. Verb Forms 3. Right Words (Synonyms, Antonyms, Homonyms and One-Word Substitutes) 4. Idioms 5. Detection of Errors

FURTHER READING FOR FIRST YEAR

Short Stories:

1. How Far is the River Ruskin Bond 2. Little Girls are wiser than Men Leo Tolstoy

One-Act Plays 1. The Boy Comes Home A. A. Milne 2. Merchant of Venice (Casket Scene only) William Shakespeare

LANGUAGE USAGE 1. Punctuation (to be given from a one-act play) 2. Dialogue Writing (to be given from a short story)

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Part – B (50 marks) COMMUNICATION CURRICULUM

YEAR – I COMMUNICATION CURRICULUM

Year – I / Level – I

Modules

Topics Concepts / Activities Time

Frame4

0Hrs

Additional Infrastructure Requirement

1-B-1Spoken

English

1. Neutralization

of Accent-

Pronunciation

Intro to English sounds

Practice in identifying Vowels

Symbols, words, stress, using

Consonants(GIE) The dictionary, common words (Contrasted with Br.E, Am.E)

Syllables

Stress

Intonation Reducing MTI-Problematic Sounds of regional Language

15 Sound System

2. Formal /

Informal English

differences

Monologue /

Dialogue

Self – Introduction

Hobbies and favorites

Greeting people

Giving instructions/directions, making requests, asking permission, offering help

5 -

3. Telephoning

Skills

Types of calls

Call structure-stages of a call

Leaving a message

Role play

Voice modulation practice

5 Speaker Phone

recommended

1-B-2 Listening

Comprehension

1. Listening for stress, accent, rhythm and intonation

Identifying sounds / word stress / intonation patterns

5 Audio CD /

Tapes

2. Listening for the main idea

Listening to and understanding a speech /talk conversation

4 Audio CD /

Tapes

3. Listening for specific information

Handling a cell-(live / answering machine) listening to and taking down a message

Following instructions / directions

Dictation practice

4 Audio CD / Tapes

Site maps recommended

4. Listening for pleasure

Stories, anecdotes,

English songs

2 Audio CD/tapes

Reference Book: A course in Listening and speaking - I

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ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510 NT 1.2

M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated) course

I year syllabus Paper-II CONTEMPORARY INDIA : ECONOMY, POLITY AND SOCIETY CHAPTER – I

Basic feature of Indian Economy-Trends in National Income – Agriculture Importance- Problems- Remedial Measures; Industry: Large Scale – Small Scale; Problems and Remedial measures; A brief Review of the Industrial Policies in India. Role of Public Section in the Context of Globalization, Growing importance of Service Sector. (No of Periods :8 Hours) CHAPTER – II Population, poverty, unemployment and Income Inequalities – Causes and consequences – Remedies – Inflation causes and Remedies, Economic Reforms and their impact on Indian Economy – Indian Tax structure. (No of Periods :8 Hours) CHAPTER – III Indian National movement various stages – Its legacy. Integration of Native states and Formation of modern India. (No of Periods :8 Hours) . CHAPTER – IV Basic characteristic of Indian constitution Indian Political party system, Emergence of All India Parties – Regional Parties – collation politics. (No of Periods :10 Hours) CHAPTER V Center – State Relations – Changes and various commissions – Importance of Human Rights – Violation of Human Rights – Indian Foreign policy – non – Aligned movement – Local self Governments 73, 74 consistitutional amendments. Right to information act. (No of Periods:10 Hours) CHAPTER – VI Salient features of Indian Social system, Social groups: Primary and Secondary, Association – Institution. Status and Role – Norms, Values and customs. Concept of Socialization – Agencies of Socialization: (No of Periods :10 Hours) CHAPTER – VII Gender Issues : Domestic violence, Women Empowerment Entrepreneurship Programmes: a brief mention of Different on going Welfare Schemes of the central and State Government for Women, Children aged and Youth. Child Labour: causes – prevention

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RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Indian Economy – Rudia Dutt and Sundaram KPM 2. Indian Economy – Mishra and Puri 3. Indian Economic Development – Environmental Problems – Telugu Academy. 4. Indian Constitution – Pendyala Satyanarayana 5. Center – State Relations –Prof. M.Venkata Rangaiah 6. Indian Constitution – M.V.Pylee. 7. India After Independence – Bipinchandra (1947-2000) 8. Indian Political System – N.D.Palmer 9. India : Government and Politics in a Developing India – Hardgrave R.L. 10. India Since 1526 – V.D.Mahajan 11. International Relations Since 1919 –Atul Chandra Roy 12. Indian History and Culture – Volume II (1526-1965) – Dr. BSL: Hanumantharao and K.Basaveswara Rao 13. Indian History and Culture – Volume – II – Telugu Academy 14. Understanding Society – S.C.Dube 15. The Structure of Hindu Society – N.K.Bose 16. Indian Social Scene – N.V.Joshi and Uma Joshi. 17. Indian Society – RN Sarma 18. Social Movements in India – M.S. A.Rao 19. Poverty in India – V.M.Dandekar and Neelakanth Rath 20. Indian women through the ages – P.Thomas 21. Introductory Sociology – S Sen Gupta 22. Human Rights and Working Women – Jayashree Gupta 23. Women and Development – Telugu Academy 24. Society construction and change – Telugu Academy 25. Empowering The Indian Women – Prameela Kapur 26. Indian Social System – Ram ahuja 27. Social Background of Indian Nationalism – A.R.Desai 28. Publications of the Ministry of I & B, Govt. of Indian Publications of I & PR Department of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh.

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ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510 NT 1.3

M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated ) course I year Syllabus

Paper-III Physics-I Mechanics and Waves and Oscillations

Unit – I

1. Vector Analysis (10): 30 hrs

Scalar and vector fields, gradient of a scalar field and its physical significance. Divergence and curl of a vector field and related problems. Vector integration, line, surface and volume integrals. Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems- simple applications. .

2. Mechanics of Particles(10)

Laws of motion, motion of variable mass system, motion of a rocket, multi-stage rocket, conservation of energy and momentum. Collisions in two and three dimensions, concept of impact parameter, scattering cross-section, Rutherford scattering

3. Mechanics of rigid bodies(10)

Definition of Rigid body, rotational kinematic relations, equation of motion for a rotating body, angular momentum and inertial tensor. Eulers equation, precession of a top, Gyroscope, precession of the equinoxes

Unit – II 30 hrs

4 Mechanics of continuous media(8)

Elastic constants of isotropic solids and their relation, Poisson’s ratio and expression for

Poisson’s ratio in terms of y, n, k. Classification of beams, types of bending, point load, distributed load, shearing force and bending moment, sign conventions, simple supported beam carrying a concentrated load at mid span, cantilever with an end load

5 Central forces(12) Central forces – definition and examples, conservative nature of central forces, conservative force as a negative gradient of potential energy, equation of motion under a central force, gravitational potential and gravitational field, motion under inverse square law, derivation of Kepler’s laws, Coriolis force and its expressions.

6 Special theory of relativity(10)

Galilean relativity, absolute frames, Michelson-Morley experiment, Postulates of special theory of relativity. Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length contraction, addition of velocities, mass-energy relation. Concept of four vector formalism.

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Unit – III 30 hrs

7 Fundamentals of vibrations(12)

Simple harmonic oscillator, and solution of the differential equation– Physical characteristics of SHM, torsion pendulum, - measurements of rigidity modulus , compound pendulum, measurement of ‘g’, combination of two mutually perpendicular simple harmonic vibrations

of same frequency and different frequencies, Lissajous figures

8 Damped and forced oscillations(12)

Damped harmonic oscillator, solution of the differential equation of damped oscillator. Energy considerations, comparison with undamped harmonic oscillator, logarithmic decrement, relaxation time, quality factor, differential equation of forced oscillator and its solution, amplitude resonance, velocity resonance

9 Complex vibrations(6)

Fourier theorem and evaluation of the Fourier coefficients, analysis of periodic wave functions-square wave, triangular wave, saw-tooth wave

Unit – IV 15 hr

10 Vibrations of bars(2)

Longitudinal vibrations in bars- wave equation and its general solution. 11.Vibrating Strings (3)

Transverse wave propagation along a stretched string, general solution of wave equation and its significance.

12. Ultrasonics(10)

Ultrasonics, properties of ultrasonic waves, production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric and magnetostriction methods, detection of ultrasonics, determination of wavelength of ultrasonic waves. Velocity of ultrasonics in liquids by Sear’s method. Applications of ultrasonic

waves. NOTE: Problems should be solved at the end of every chapter of all units.

Textbooks

1. Berkeley Physics Course. Vol.1, Mechanics by C. Kittel, W. Knight, M.A. Ruderman - Tata-McGraw hill Company Edition 2008.

2. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker Wiley India Edition 2007. 3. Waves and Oscillations. S. Badami, V. Balasubramanian and K. Rama Reddy Orient Longman. 4. First Year Physics - Telugu Academy. 5. Mechanics of Particles, Waves and Oscillations. Anwar Kamal, New Age International. 6. College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.

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7. Introduction to Physics for Scientists and Engineers. F.J. Ruche. McGraw Hill. 8. Waves and Oscillations. N. Subramaniyam and Brijlal Vikas Publishing House Private Limited.

Reference Books

1. Fundamentals of Physics by Alan Giambattista et al Tata-McGraw Hill Company Edition, 2008. 2. University Physics by Young and Freeman, Pearson Education, Edition 2005. 3. Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics by Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman Pearson

Education Eleventh Edition. 4. An introduction to Mechanics by Daniel Kleppner & Robert Kolenkow. The McGraw Hill

Companies. 5. Mechanics. Hans & Puri. TMH Publications. 6. Engineering Physics. R.K. Gaur & S.L. Gupta. Dhanpat Rai Publications.

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Practical - I (At least 12 practicals are to be performed out of 16)

Max. Marks - 50 90 hrs

(3 hrs / week) 1. Study of a compound pendulum determination of ‘g’ and ‘k’.

2. Study of damping of an oscillating disc in Air and Water logarithmic decrement.

3. Study of Oscillations under Bifilar suspension.

4. Study of oscillations of a mass under different combination of springs.

5. ‘Y’ by uniform Bending (or) Non-uniform Bending.

6. Verification of Laws of a stretched string (Three Laws).

7. Moment of Inertia of a fly wheel.

8. Measurement of errors –simple Pendulum.

9. Determination of frequency of a Bar-Melde’s experiment.

10. ‘n’ by torsion Pendulum.

11. Observation of Lissajous figures from CRO.

12. Study of flow of liquids through capillaries.

13. Determination of Surface Tension of a liquid by different methods.

14. Study of Viscosity of a fluid by different methods.

15. Volume Resonator –determination of frequency of a tuning fork.

16. Velocity of Transverse wave along a stretched string.

Practicals scheme of valuation

1. Formula and explanation of symbols - (4 marks)

2. Tabular forms with circuit diagram wherever necessary - (4 marks)

3. Observations - (10 marks)

4. Calculations and graphs - (6 marks)

5. Result - (2 marks)

6. Viva-voce - (4 marks)

7. Practical Record - (10 marks)

(Through internal assessment by the lecturer concerned)

Total Marks - (40 marks)

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ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510 M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated ) course

Chemistry Syllabus

Paper-IV CHEMISTRY-I NT 1.4

Unit – I : Inorganic Chemistry – I 30 hrs (1h / w) 1. p-block elements: 22 h

Group – 13: Synthesis and structure of diborane and higher boranes (B4H10 and B5H9),

boron-nitrogen compounds (B3N3H6 and BN)

Group – 14: Preparation and applications of silanes and silicones, graphitic compounds.

Group – 15: Preparation and reactions of hydrazine, hydroxylamine, phosphazenes.

Group – 16: Classifications of oxides based on (i) Chemical behaviour and (ii) Oxygen

content.

I , II group and Tration metal oxides

2. Organometallic Chemistry 8 h Definition and classification of organometallic compounds, nomenclature, preparation, properties and applications of alkyls of 1, 2 , 13 group elements and Transition metals.

UNIT-II (Organic Chemistry-I) 30hrs (1h /w) 1. Structural theory in Organic Chemistry 12 h

Types of bond fission and organic reagents (Electrophilic, Nucleophilic, and free radical reagents including neutral molecules like H2O, NH3 & AlCl3 ). Bond polarization : Factors influencing the polarization of covalent bonds, electro negativity – inductive effect. Application of inductive effect (a) Basicity of amines (b) Acidity of carboxylic acides (c) Stability of carbonium ions. Resonance or Mesomeric effect, application to (a) acidity of phenol, and (b) acidity of carboxylic acids. Hyper conjugation and its application to stability of carbonium ions, Free radicals and alkenes, carbanions, carbenes and nitrenes.

2. Alicyclic hydrocarbons (Cycloalkanes) 6 h Nomenclature, Preparation by Freunds methods, heating dicarboxylic metal salts. Properties – reactivity of cyclopropane and cyclobutane by comparing with alkanes, Stability of cycloalkanes – Baeyer’s strain theory, Sachse and Mohr predictions and

Pitzer’s strain theory. Conformational structures of cyclobutane, cyclopentane,

cyclohexane. 3. Aromatic compounds 8 h

Reactions – General mechanism of electrophilic substitution, mechanism of nitration. Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation. Orientation of aromatic substitution – Definition of ortho, para and meta directing groups. Ring activating and deactivating groups with examples (Electronic interpretation of various groups like NO2 and Phenolic). Orientation effect of (i). Amino, methoxy and methyl groups (ii). Carboxy, nitro, nitrile, carbonyl and Sulfonic acid groups. (iii). Hologens (Explanation by taking minimum of one example from each type).

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4. Polynuclear Hydrocarbons – 4 h Structure of naphthalene and anthracene (Molecular Orbital diagram and resonance energy) Any two methods of preparation of naphthalene and reactivity. Reactivity towards electrophilic substitution. Nitration and sulfonation as examples.

Unit-III – (Physical Chemistry – I) 30h (1h/w) 1 Liquid state 6 h

Intermolecular forces, structure of liquids (qualitative description). Structural differences between solids, liquids and gases. Liquid crystals, the mesomorphic state. Classification of liquid crystals into Smectic and Nematic. Differences between liquid crystal and solid/liquid. Application of liquid crystals as LCD devices.

2 Colloids and surface chemistry Colloidal systems, Lyophilic and Lyophobic sols. Preparation and properties of

colloidal solutions. Dialysis, Ultra filtration, electrical double layer theory, electrophoresis and electroosmosis. Size and charge of colloidal particals. Coagulation of collidal solutions, protective colloids, emulsions and gels.

Adsorption, Freundlich, Langmuir and Gibbs adsorption isotherms. Applications of isotherms.

3 Solutions 12 h

Liquid-liquid - ideal solutions, Raoult’s law. Ideally dilute solutions, Henry’s law. Non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure – composition and vapour pressure-temperature curves. Azeotropes-HCl-H2O, ethanol-water systems and fractional distillation. Partially miscible liquids-phenol-water, trimethylamine-water, nicotine-water systems. Effect of impurity on consulate temperature. Immiscible liquids and steam distillation. Nernst distribution law. Calculation of the partition coefficient. Applications of distribution law.

UNIT – IV (General Chemistry-I) 30 h (1h / w)

1. Atomic Structure 6 h

Blackbody radiation, Planck’s radiation law, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, de

Broglie’s hypothesis, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum

mechanics. Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box, energy levels, wave functions and probability densities. Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom, quantum numbers and their importance.

2. Chemical Bonding 8 h

Valence bond theory, hybridization, VB theory as applied to ClF3, BrF5, Ni(CO)4, XeF2. Dipole moment – orientation of dipoles in an electric field, dipole moment, induced dipole moment, dipole moment and structure of molecules. Molecular orbital theory – LCAO method, construction of M.O. diagrams for homo-nuclear and hetero-nuclear diatomic molecules (N2, O2, HCl, CO and NO). Comparision of VB and MO theories.

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3. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds 10 h

Molecular representations- Wedge, Fischer, Newman and Saw-Horse formulae. Stereoisomerism, Stereoisomers: enantiomers, diastereomers- definition and examples.Conformational and configurational isomerism- definition. Conformational isomerism of ethane and n-butane. Enantiomers: Optical activity- wave nature of light, plane polarised light, interaction with molecules, optical rotation and specific rotation. Chiral molecules- definition and criteria- absence of plane, center, and Sn axis of symmetry- asymmetric and disymmetric molecules. Examples of asymmetric molecules (Glyceraldehyde, Lactic acid, Alanine) and disymmetric molecules (trans -1,2-dichloro cyclopropane). Chiral centers: definition- molecules with similar chiral carbon (Tartaric acid), definition of mesomers- molecules with dissimilar chiral carbons (2,3-dibromopentane). Number of enantiomers and mesomers- calculation. D,L and R,S configuration for asymmetric and disymmetric molecules. Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules. Racemic mixture- racemisation and resolution techniques. Diastereomers: definition- geometrical isomerism with reference to alkenes- cis, trans and E,Z- configuration.

4. Asymmetric (Chiral) synthesis 4 hrs

Definitions- Asymmetric synthesis, enantiomeric excess, diastereomeric excess, Stereospecific reaction, definition, example dehalogenation of 1,2 – dibromides by I. stereoselective reaction, definition, example, acid catalysed dehydration of I-phenylproponol.

Recommended Text Books and Reference Books

Inorganic Chemistry

1. Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D.Lee 2. Basic Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson 3. A textbook of qualitative inorganic analysis by A.I. Vogel 4. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E.Huheey 5. Inorganic Chemistry by Chopra and Kapoor

Organic Chemistry 1. Organic Chemistry By R T Morrison and R.N.Boyd 2. A guide book to mechanisms in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes 3. Comprehensive practical organic chemistry: Preparation and quantitative analysis by

V.K.Ahluwalia and Reena Agarwal. 4. Organic Chemistry by Francis A Carey

Physical chemistry books.

1. Physical chemistry A molecular approach by Donald A. Mcquarrie and 2. John D. Simon.

3. Physical chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio D. Paula 4. Text book of physical chemistry by K L Kapoor

5. Physical chemistry through problems By S K Dogra 6. Physical Chemistry by J W Moore 7. Advanced physical chemistry by Gurudeep Raj

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Practical – I

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Max. Marks: 50 90 hrs (3 h / w)

Qualitative Analysis and Inorganic preparations: Analysis of mixtures containing two anions (one simple and one interfering) and two cations (of different groups) from the following: Anions: Carbonate, sulfide, sulphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, nitrate, oxalate, tartrate, borate, phosphate, arsenate* and chromate*. Cations: Lead, copper, bismuth, cadmium, tin, antimony, iron, aluminum, zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt, calcium, strontium, barium, potassium and ammonium. Preparations: Any three of the following inorganic preparations:

1) Ferrous ammonium sulphate 2) Tetrammine copper (II) sulphate 3) Potassium trisoxalato chromate 4) Potash alum KAl(SO4)2. 12H2O 5) Hexammine cobalt (III) chloride.

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ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR -522510 M. Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated ) course

MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS

MATHEMATICS-I NT1.5 (Differential Equations & Solid Geometry)

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS UNIT - I: (25 hours) Differential equations of first order and first degree Linear differential equations; Differential equations reducible to linear form; Exact differential equations; Integrating factors; Change of variables; Simultaneous differential equations; OOrrtthhooggoonnaall ttrraajjeeccttoorriieess.. Differential equations of the first order but not of the first degree: Equations solvable for p; Equations solvable for y; Equations solvable for x; Equations that do not contain x (or y); Equations of the first degree in x and y - Clairaut's equation. UNIT - II: (35 hours) Higher order linear differential equations Solution of homogeneous linear differential equations of order n with constant coefficients. Solution of the non-homogeneous linear differential equations with constant coefficients by means of polynomial operators. Method of variation of parameters; Linear differential equations with non-constant coefficients; The Cauchy-Euler equation System of linear differential equations:

Solution of a system of linear equations with constant coefficients; An equivalent triangular system. Degenerate Case: p1(D) p4(D)-p2(D) p3(D) = 0.

Reference Books: 1. Scope and treatment as in Differential Equations and Their Applications by Zafar Ahsan, published by Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi-Second edition: Sections: - 2.5 to 2.9, 3.1, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2 to 5.7, 7.3, 7.4. 2. Rai Singhania, “Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations” , S.Chand & Company,New Delhi

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SOLID GEOMETRY

UNIT - III: (35 hours)

The Plane

Equation of plane in terms of its intercepts on the axis, Equations of the plane through the given points, Length of the perpendicular from a given point to a given plane, Bisectors of angles between two planes, Combined equation of two planes, Orthogonal projection on a plane.

The Line:

Equations of a line, Angle between a line and a plane, The condition that a given line may lie in a given plane, The condition that two given lines are coplanar, Number of arbitrary constants in the equations of a straight line. Sets of conditions which determine a line, The shortest distance between two lines. The length and equations of the line of shortest distance between two straight lines, Length of the perpendicular from a given point to a given line,

UNIT – IV (25 hours)

The Sphere:

Definition and equation of the sphere, Equation of the sphere through four given points, Plane sections of a sphere. Intersection of two spheres; Equation of a circle. Sphere through a given circle; Intersection of a sphere and a line. Power of a point; Tangent plane. Plane of contact. Polar plane, Pole of a plane, Conjugate points, Conjugate planes; Angle of intersection of two spheres. Conditions for two spheres to be orthogonal; Radical plane. Coaxial system of spheres; Simplified from of the equation of two spheres. Cones Definitions of a cone, vertex, guiding curve, generators. Equation of the cone with a given vertex and guiding curve. Enveloping cone of a sphere. Equations of cones with vertex at origin are homogenous. Condition that the general equation of the second degree should represent a cone. Condition that a cone may have three mutually perpendicular generators Intersection of a line and a quadric cone. Tangent lines and tangent plane at a point. Condition that a plane may touch a cone. Reciprocal cones. Intersection of two cones with a common vertex. Right circular cone. Equation of the right circular cone with a given vertex, axis and semi-vertical angle. Reference Books:

1.Scope as in Analytical Solid Geometry by Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal, Published by S. Chand & Company Ltd. Seventeenth edition: Sections:-2.4, 2.7, 2.9, 3.1 to 3.8, 6.1 to 6.9, 7.1 to 7.8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.6

2.P.K. Jain and Khaleel Ahmed, “A Text Book of Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions”,

Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1999.

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Scheme of Practical Examination for MATHEMATICS

The question paper consists of 4 questions with internal choice (a) or (b), taking one question from each unit. Question paper pattern is as follows: Time: 3 hrs

UNIT I

(1) (a)

(OR)

(b)

UNIT II

(2) (a)

(OR)

(b)

UNIT III

(3) (a)

(OR)

(b)

UNIT IV

(4) (a)

(OR)

(b)

Evaluation:

Each question carries 5 marks. 4 questions carry : 4 x 5 = 20 marks

For record = 10 marks

For Viva-Voce = 10 marks

Total marks = 40 marks

--- oOo ---

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ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510 M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated) course

I year (Syllabus)

Paper –VI INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS N.T 1.6 Unit – I: Exploring Computers 15 hrs Exploring computers and their uses: Overview: Computers in our world, the computer defined, Computers for individual users, Computers for organizations, Computers in society, Why are computers so important. Looking inside the computer system: Overview: Detecting the ultimate machine, the parts of a computer system, the information processing cycle, Essential computer hardware: Processing devices, memory devices, input and output devices, storage devices, system software, application software, Computer Data, Computer users. Using the keyboard and mouse: Overview: The keyboard and mouse, the keyboard, how the computer accepts input from the keyboard, the mouse, variants of the mouse, ergonomics and input devices. Inputting data in other ways: Overview: Options for every need and preference, Devices for hand, optical input devices, Audio-visual input devices. Video and Sound: Overview: Reaching our senses with sight and sound, monitors, ergonomics and monitors, data projectors, sound systems. Printing: Overview: Putting digital content in your hands, commonly used printers, High-quality printers, thermal-wax printers, Dye-sublimation printers, plotters. Unit – 2: Storage Devices and Operating System Basics 15 hrs Transforming data into information: Overview: The difference between data and information, how computers represent data, how computers process data, machine cycles, memory, factors effecting processing speed, The Computer’s internal clock, the Bus, Cache memory. Types of storage devices: Overview: An ever-growing need, Categorizing storage devices, magnetic storage devices – How data is stored on a disk, how data is organized on a magnetic disk, how the operating system finds data on a disk, Diskettes, hard disks, removable high-capacity magnetic disks, tape drivers, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices, smart cards, solid-state disks.

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Operating system basics: Overview: The purpose of operating systems, types of operating systems, providing a user interface, running programs, managing hardware, enhancing OS utility software. Networking Basics: Overview: Sharing data anywhere, anytime, the uses of a network, common types of networks, hybrid networks, how networks are structured, network topologies and protocols, network media, network hardware. Fundamentals of Internet: Introduction to Internet – Applications – History –Intranet and Extranet - Web page – Web Browsers – Search Engines – Internet Service Provider - E-mail :advantages and disadvantages, user ids, passwords , email address , message composition, mailer features, email inner workings – online reference Unit – 3: MS – Word 15 hrs Word Basics: Starting word, creating a new document, Opening preexisting document, the parts of a word window, typing text, selecting text, deleting text, undo, redo, repeat, inserting text, replacing text, formatting text, cut, copy, paste – Formatting text and Documents: Auto format, Line spacing margins, Boarders and Shading. Headers and Footers: Definition of headers and footers, creating basic headers and footers, creating different headers and footers for odd even pages. Tables: Creating a simple table, creating a table using the table menu, Entering and editing text in table, selecting in table, adding rows, Changing row heights, deleting rows, inserting columns, deleting columns, changing column width. Graphics: Importing graphics , clipart, insert picture, Clip art Gallery, using word’s drawing features,

drawing objects, text in drawing. Templates: Template types, using templates, exploring templates, modifying templates. Macros: Macro, Record in macros, editing macros, running a macro. Mail Merge: Mail Merge concept, main document, data sources, merging data source and main document, overview of word menu options word basic tool bar. Unit – 4 15 Hrs MS - Excel: Excel Basics: Overview of Excel features, Getting started, Creating a new worksheet, Selecting cells, Entering and editing text, Entering and Editing Numbers, entering and Editing formulas, Referencing cells, moving cells, copying cells, sorting cell data, inserting rows, inserting columns, inserting cells, Deleting parts of a worksheet, clearing parts of a worksheet.

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Formatting: Page Setup, changing column widths and Row heights, auto format, changing font sizes and attributes, centering text across columns, using border buttons and commands, changing colors and shading, hiding rows and columns. Introduction to functions: parts of function, Functions requiring add-ins, the function wizard, examples functions by category: Date and Time functions, Engineering functions, Math and Trig functions, Statistical functions, Text functions. Excel Charts: Chart parts and terminology, instant charts with the chart wizard, creation of different types of charts, printing charts, deleting charts – linking in Excel Excel Graphics: Creating and placing graphic objects, Resizing graphics, Drawing lines and shapes. MS - Power Point: Power Point: Basics, Terminology, Getting started, Views Creating Presentations: Using auto content wizard, Using blank presentation option, Using design template option, Adding slides, Deleting a slide, Importing Images from the outside world, Drawing in power point, Transition and build effects, deleting a slide, numbering a slide saving presentation, closing presentation, printing presentation elements. Prescribed Books:

1. Peter Norton, Introduction to Computers, sixth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill(2007) (Chapters 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12)

2. Ran Mansfield, working in Microsoft office, Tata McGraw Hill (2008). (Chapters 4 to 9, 11, 12, 24, 25, 28)

3. Internet for Dummies Reference Books:

1. Michael Miller, Absolute Beginner’s guide to computer Basics, Fourth Edition, Pearson

Education (2007). 2. Deborah Morley, Charles S.Parker, understanding computers today and tomorrow, 11th

edition, Thomson (2007). 3. Ed Bott, woody Leonhard, using Microsoft Office 2007, Pearson Education (2007).

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Annexure-I ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510

M.Sc., Nanotechnology (5 year Integrated ) course

II year syllabus

Paper-I English for Communication NT2.1.1

Part –A (50 Marks)

POETRY

Title of the Poem Name of the Poet 1. The Solitary Reaper William Wordsworth 2. Road Not Taken Robert Frost 3. I will embrace only the sun Tripuraneni Srinivas (Down to Earth, PostModern Telugu Poetry, OUP ) PROSE

Title of the Prose Lesson Name of the Author 1. Mr. KnowAll Somerset Maugham 2. FilmMaking Satyajit Ray 3. Talk on Advertising Herman Wouk 4. On Shaking Hands A. G. Gardiner COMMUNICATION AND COMPOSITION

1. Resume Writing 2. eCorrespondence 3. NoteMaking 4. Report Writing 5. Expansion of Proverbs and Ideas 6. Description of Pictures 7. Jumbled Passages 8. Paragraph Writing INFORMATION TRANSFER, COMMUNICATION AND COMPOSITION 1. Julius Caesar (Caesar’s Murder Scene only) William Shakespeare

20

Part – B Practical (50 Marks)

COMMUNICATION CURRICULUM

YEAR – II COMMUNICATION CURRICULUM

Year – II / Level –

2 Modules

Topics skills / Activities Time Frame 40 Hours

Additional Infrastructure Requirement

II-B-1Spoken

English

1. Neutralization Of

Accent-

Pronunciation

1. Word stress, tone, pitch, speed, weak forms, pauses 2. Reading aloud texts 3. Sentence stress (Recording voice) 4. Intonation 5. Word ending pronunciation 6. Problem sounds 7. Accents – regional, standard 8. Reducing MTI

10 *Sound System * Recording Facility

2. Art of Conversation

Initiating, sustaining, closing, turn-taking, interrupting, apologizing,

clarifying, confirming, etc.

10 Nil

3. Giving a Formal Talk /Speech

Speech type: Describing / Narrating people, place, things, events,1-3minute talks (e.g. welcoming a gathering)

4 *Sound System

4. Telephoning Skills

Types of CallsFormal/ Informal Making/changing appointments Practice with Mock Calls Telephone etiquette

10 *Speaker

Phone

Recommended

II-B-2 Listening

Comprehension

1. *Barriers to Listening- *Types of Listening: Academic (lectures) Information (facts and inferences)

Role play

Listening to and understanding live or recorded text

Taking dictationparagraphs, dialogues (written/spoken)

3 *Audio,

CD / Tapes

2. Real life Listening- railway/airport announcements, radio/TV news casual conversations

Identifying context

Listening for the main idea

Listening for specific information

Information transfer-filling in a form/table while listening

3 *Audio,

CD / Tapes

21

Paper II – Physics NT 2.1.2

(Thermodynamics)

Unit – I 15 Hrs

Kinetic theory of gases:

Introduction – Deduction of Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds, Experimental

verification Toothed Wheel Experiment, Transport Phenomena – Viscosity of gases – thermal conductivity – diffusion of gases. Thermodynamics:

Introduction – Reversible and irreversible processes – Carnot’s engine and its efficiency – Carnot’s theorem – Second law of thermodynamics, Kelvin’s and Claussius statements – Thermodynamic scale of temperature – Entropy, physical significance – Change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes – Entropy and disorder – Entropy of universe – Temperature- Entropy (T-S) diagram – Change of entropy of a perfect gas-change of entropy when ice changes into steam.

Unit – II 15 Hrs

Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell’s equations:

Thermodynamic potentials – Derivation of Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations – Clausius-Clayperon’s equation – Derivation for ratio of specific heats – Derivation for difference of two specific heats for perfect gas. Joule Kelvin effect – expression for Joule Kelvin coefficient for perfect and Vanderwaal’s gas.

Low temperature Physics: Introduction – Joule Kelvin effect – liquefaction of gas using porous plug experiment. Joule expansion – Distinction between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion – Expression for Joule Thomson cooling – Liquefaction of helium, Kapitza’s method – Adiabatic demagnetization – Production of low temperatures – Principle of refrigeration, vapour compression type. Working of refrigerator.

Unit – III 10 Hrs

Quantum theory of radiation: Black body-Ferry’s black body – distribution of energy in the spectrum of Black body – Wein’s displacement law, Wein’s energy distribution law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law – Quantum theory of radiation - Planck’s law – deduction of Wein’s law and Rayleigh-Jeans law from Planck’s law - Measurement of radiation – Types of pyrometers – Disappearing filament optical pyrometer – experimental determination – Angstrom pyroheliometer - determination of solar constant, effective temperature of sun.

22

Unit – IV 10 Hrs

Statistical Mechanics:

Introduction to statistical mechanics, concept of ensembles, Phase space, Maxwell-Boltzmann’s distribution law, Molecular energies in an ideal gas, Bose-Einstein Distribution law, Fermi-Dirac Distribution law, comparison of three distribution laws, Black Body Radiation, Rayleigh-Jean’s formula, Planck’s radiation law. Application of Fermi-Dirac statistics to white dwarfs and Neutron stars.

NOTE: Problems should be solved at the end of every chapter of all units.

Reference Books:

1. Modern Physics by G. Aruldhas and P. Rajagopal, Eastern Economy Education. 2. Berkeley Physics Course. Volume-5. Statistical Physics by F. Reif. The McGraw-Hill

Companies. 3. An Introduction to Thermal Physics by Daniel V. Schroeder.Pearson Education Low Price

Edition. 4. Thermodynamics by R.C. Srivastava, Subit K. Saha & Abhay K. Jain Eastern Economy

Edition.

23

CHEMISTRY-II NT2.1.3

(Physical & General chemistry) Unit I : 16 hrs Phase rule: Concept of phase, components, degree of freedom. Derivation of Gibbs phase rule. Phase equilibrium of one component – water system. Phase equilibrium of two component system, solid liquid equilibrium. Simple eutectic diagram of PbAg system, desilverisation of lead. Solid solutions compound with congruent melting point(MgZn) system, compound with incongruent melting point – NaCl water system. Freezing mixtures. Chemical Kinetics: Rate of reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction – concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst. Experimental methods to determine the rate of reaction. Definition of order and molecurarity. Derivation of rate constants for first, second, third and zero order reactions and examples. Derivation for time half change. Methods to determine the order of reactions. Kinetics of complex reactions (first order only): opposing reactions, parallel reactions, consecutive reactions and chain reactions, Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy. Theories of reaction rates – collision theory – derivation or rate constant for bimolecular reaction. The transition state theory (elementary treatment). Unit II : 12 hrs Electrochemistry DebyeHuckel - Onsagar’s equation for strong electrolytes (elementary treatment only).

Definition of transport number, determination by Hittorf’s method. Application of conductivity

measurements determination of dissociation constant (Ka) of an acid, determination of solubility product of sparingly soluble salt, conductometric titrations. Types of reversible electrodes the gas electrode, metal-metal ion, metal insoluble salt and redox electrodes. Electrode reactions. Calculations of thermodynamic quantities of cell reactions (G, H and K). Determination of pH using quinhydrone electrode, Solubility product of AgCl. Potentiometric titrations. Unit III : 13 hrs Molecular symmetry Concept of symmetry in chemistrysymmetry operations, symmetry elements. Rotational axis of symmetry and types of rotational axes. Planes of symmetry and types of planes. Improper rotational axis of symmetry. Inversion centre. Identity element. The symmetry operations of a molecule form a group. Flow chart for the identification of molecular point group. Introduction to spectroscopy : Electronic spectroscopy: Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and types of molecular spectra. Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Energy levels of molecules (σ, π, n). Selection rules for electronic spectra. Types of electronic

transitions in molecules effect of conjugation. Concept of chromphoere. Unit IV : 13 hrs

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Evaluation of analytical data Theory of errors, idea of significant figures and its importance, accuracy – methods of expressing accuracy, error analysis and minimization of errors, precision – methods of expressing precision, standard deviation and confidence limit. Introductory treatment to: a) Pericyclic Reactions Concerted reactions, Molecular orbitals, Symmetry properties HOMO, LUMO, Thermal and photochemical pericyclic reactions. Types of pericyclic reactions – electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions – one example each. b) Synthetic strategies Terminology – Disconnection (dix), Symbol ( ), synthon, synthetic equivalent (SE), Functional group interconversion (FGI), Linear, Convergent and Combinatorial syntheses, Target molecule (TM). Retrosynthesis of the following molecules 1) Acetophenone 2) Cyclohexene 3) Phenylethylbromide Note: See Appendix – I for Text books concerned of this paper

Annexure I Inorganic Chemistry

1. A textbook of qualitative inorganic analysis by A.I. Vogel 2. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E.Huheey 3. Inorganic Chemistry by Chopra and Kapoor

Physical chemistry books.

1. Elements of Physical Chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio D. Paula

2. Solid State Chemistry and its applications by Anthony R. West 3. Text book of physical chemistry by K L Kapoor

4. Thermodynamics for Chemists by S Glasston

5. Chemical Kinetics by K J Laidler 6. An Introduction to Electrochemistry by S Glasston 7. Physical chemistry through problems By S K Dogra 8. Physical Chemistry by J W Moore 9. Kinetics and mechanism by J W Moore and R G Pearson

25

ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR -522510

M. Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated ) course MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS

MATHEMATICS-II N.T.2.1.4

(Abstract Algebra, Numerical & Real Analysis) UNIT -I (12 hours) GROUPS : Binary operations-Definitions and properties, Groups-Definition and elementary properties, Finite groups and group composition tables, Subgroups, Groups of cosets, and normal subgroups, factor groups and simple groups, cyclic subgroups. Cyclic groups Elementary properties ,The classification of cyclic groups , sub groups of finite cyclic groups. Cayley’s theorem Reference Books: 1.Scope and treatment as in The first course in Abstract Algebra by John B Fraleigh , Narosa Publishing house , chapter 1 to 7,11 to 13,23,24.1 to 24.3 , 25.1,25.4 and chapter 29 to 31. 2.Topics in Algebra , I.N.Herstein,Wiley Eastern. 3.Contemporary Abstract algebra by Joseph A Gallian , Narosa Publishing House UNIT-II: (12 hours) NUMERICAL ANALYSIS: The bisection method, Newton-Rapson method, forward differences, backward differences, and Newton’s general interpolation. Squares curve fitting procedures, fitting a straight line, nonlinear curve fitting, Curve fitting by a sum of exponentials. Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3 & 3/8 rules. Reference Books: 1. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis by S.S.Sastry, Prentice Hall India (4th Edition) 2. Operational Mathematics by R.V.Churchil,MeGraw Hill company. UNIT – III (12 hours) REAL NUMBERS: The Completeness Properties of R, Applications of the Supremum Property. (No question is to be set from this portion) Sequences - Sequences and their limits, limit theorems, Monotonic Sequences, Subsequences and the Bolzano Weirstrass theorem,The Cauchy’s Criterion. Continuous Functions-continuous functions, combinations of continuous functions, continuous functions on intervals, Uniform continuity. UNIT – IV (15 hours) DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION: The derivative, The mean value theorems, L’Hospital Rule, Taylor’s Theorem. Riemann integration Riemann integral , Riemann integrable functions. Reference Books: 1. “Introduction to Real analysis”, by Robert G. Bartle and Donald R.Sherbert, John Wiley, 3 rd edition. Chapter 3, (3.1 to 3.7), Chapter 5 (5.1 to 5.4), Chapter 6 (6.1 to 6.4), Chapter 7 (7.1 to 7.3), Chapter 9 (9.1,9.2 and 9.3). 2. A course of Mathematical Analysis, Shanthi Narayan and P.K.Mittal, S.Chand & Company 3. Mathematical analysis by S.C.Malik and Savita Arora, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

26

ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR -522510

M. Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated) course

Paper V– Programming in C with Data Structures NT 2.1.5

Unit-I 15 Hrs Introduction to C Programming: Types of Programming Languages, Introduction to C, Desirable Program Characteristics, The C Character Set, Writing First Program of C, Identifiers and Keywords, Datatypes, Constants, Variables and Arrays, Declarations, Expressions Statements, Symbolic Constants, Operators. Data Input and Output: Preliminaries, Single Character Input-The Getchar Function, Single Character Output – The Putchar Function, Enter Input Data – The Scanf Function, More About the Scanf Function, Writing Output Data – The printf Function, More About the printf Function, The gets and puts Functions Control Statements: Preliminaries, Branching: The IF-ELSE Statement, Looping: The while Statement, More Looping: The do-while Statement, Still More Looping: The for Statement, Nested Control Structures, The Switch Statement, The break Statement, The continue Statement, The comma Statement, The goto Statement. Arrays: Defining an Array, Processing an Array, Passing Arrays to Functions, Multidimensional Arrays, Arrays and Strings Unit – II 15 Hrs Pointers: Fundamentals, Pointer Declarations, Passing Pointers to a Function, Pointers and One-dimensional Arrays, Dynamic Memory Allocation, Operations on Pointers, Pointers and Multidimensional Arrays, Arrays of Pointers, Passing Functions to Other Functions Functions: A Brief Overview, Defining a Function, Accessing a Function, Function Prototypes, Passing Arguments to a Function, Recursion, Storage Classes, Recursion Structures and Unions: Defining a Structure, Processing a Structure, User-defined Data Types (Typedef), Structure and Pointers, Passing Structures to Functions, Self-referential Structures, Unions Data Files: Why Files, Opening and Closing a Data File, Reading and Writing a Data File, Processing a Data File, Unformatted Data Files, Concept of Binary Files Unit - III 10 hrs Linked Lists : Linked List – Properties – Item Insertion and Deletion – Building a Linked List – Linked List as an ADT – Ordered Linked Lists – Doubly Linked Lists – Linked Lists with header and trailer nodes – Circular Linked Lists.

27

Stacks : Stack operations – Implementation of stacks as arrays – Linked implementation of stacks – Application of stacks. Queues : Queues : Queue operations – Implementation of Queues as arrays ; Linked implementation of Queues ; Circular Queue ; Application of Queues. Unit – IV 10 Hrs Trees : Binary Trees – Binary Tree Traversal – Binary Search Tree – Nonrecursive Binary Tree Traversal Algorithms – AVL Trees. Graphs : Graph Definitions and Notations – Graph Representation – Operations on graphs – Graph as ADT – Graph Traversals – shortest path Algorithm – Minimal Spanning Tree. Searching and Sorting Algorithms : Selection Sort – Insertion Sort – Quick Sort – Merge Sort – Heap Sort – Sequential Search – Binary search. Prescribed Books: 1. Byron S Gottfriend, “Programming with C”, Second Edition, Schaum Out Lines, TATA Mc

Graw Hill (2007 2. Mark Allen Weiss , “Data structures and Algorithem Analysis in C++” , Third Edition , Pearson

Education (2008). 3. Balaguruswamy, ”Programming In ‘C’ “, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill 4. Yaswant kanentkar, “Let Us C”

28

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510

M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated) Course II year (II Semester) Syllabus

PAPER- I : PHYSICS NT 2.2.1

(OPTICS) Unit I: 12 Hrs The Matrix methods in paraxial optics: Introduction, the matrix method, effect of translation, effect of refraction, imaging by a spherical refracting surface. Imaging by a co-axial optical system. Unit planes. Nodal planes. A system of two thin lenses. Aberrations: Introduction – Monochromatic aberrations, spherical aberration, methods of minimizing spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and curvature of field, distortion. Chromatic aberration – the achromatic doublet – Removal of chromatic aberration of a separated doublet. Interference-I: Principle of superposition – coherence – temporal coherence and spatial coherence – conditions for Interference of light, Young’s double slit experiment. Fresnel’s biprism – determination of wave length of light. Determination of thickness of a transparent material using Biprism – Lloyd’s mirror experiment. Unit – II: 12 Hrs Interference – II Oblique incidence of a plane wave on a thin film due to reflected and transmitted light (Cosine law) – Colours of thin films – Non reflecting films – interference by a plane parallel film illuminated by a point source – Interference by a film with two non-parallel reflecting surfaces (Wedge shaped film) – Determination of wavelength-Newton’s rings in reflected light– Determination of wave length of monochromatic light – Michelson Interferometer.

Diffraction - I Introduction – Difference between interference and diffraction. Distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction Fraunhoffer diffraction: Diffraction due to single slit and circular aperture – Limit of resolution – Fraunhoffer diffraction due to double slit – Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern with N slits (diffraction grating) – (only concepts). Unit III: 13 Hrs Diffraction – II Resolving Power of grating – Determination of wave length of light in normal and oblique incidence methods using diffraction grating.

Fresnel diffraction:-

Fresnel’s half period zones – area of the half period zones –zone plate – Comparison of zone plate with convex lens. Diffraction due to straight edge.

29

Polarization Polarized light : Methods of Polarization, Polarizatioin by reflection, refraction, Double refraction, selective absorption , scattering of light – Brewsters law – Malus law – Nicol prism polarizer and analyzer – Refraction of plane wave incident on negative and positive crystals (Huygen’s

explanation) – Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate – Babinet’s compensator – Optical activity, analysis of light by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.

Unit IV: 12 Hrs

Laser, Fiber Optics and Holography: Lasers: Introduction – Spontaneous emission – Stimulated emission – Population inversion . Laser principle – Types of Lasers – He-Ne laser – Ruby laser – Applications of lasers. Fiber Optics : Introduction – Optical fibers – Types of optical fibers – Step and graded index fibers –Fiber material – Principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only) and advantages of fiber communication. Holography: Basic Principle of Holography – Gabor hologram and its limitations, Holography applications.

Reference Text Books:

1. Optics by Ajoy Ghatak. The McGraw-Hill companies. 2. Optics by Subramaniyam and Brijlal. S. Chand & Co. 3. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007. 4. Optics and Spectroscopy. R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co. 5. Second Year Physics – Telugu Academy. 6. Optics by Satya Prakash.

30

CHEMISTRY-III N.T 2.2.2 (INORGANIC & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

UNIT – I 14 Hrs Chemistry of d-block elements: Stability of various oxidation states and e.m.f. Comparative treatment of second and third transition series with their 3d analogues. Study of Ti, Cr and Cu traids in respect of electronic configuration and reactivity of different oxidation states. Chemistry of f-block elements: Spectral properties and separation of lanthanides by ion exchange and solvent extraction methods. Chemistry of actinides – electronic configuration, oxidation states, actinide contraction, position of actinides in the periodic table, comparison with lanthanides in terms of magnetic properties, spectral properties and complex formation. UNIT – II 9 hrs Theories of bonding in metals: Valence bond theory, Explanation of metallic properties and its limitations, Free electron theory, thermal and electrical conductivity of metals, limitations, Band theory, formation of bands, explanation of conductors, semiconductors and insulators. Metal carbonyls and related compounds: EAN rule, classification of metal carbonyls, structures and shapes of metal carbonyls of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni. Metal nitrosyls and metallocenes (only ferrocene). UNIT-III 17 Hrs Halogen compounds: Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction classification into SN1 and SN2. Energy profile diagram of SN1 and SN2 reactions. Stereochemistry of SN2 (Walden Inversion) SN1(Racemisation). Explanation of both by taking the example of optically active alkyl halide – 2bromobutane. Ease of hydrolysis – comparision of alkyl, benzyl, alkyl, vinyl and aryl halides. Nature of nucleophil, Nature of leaving group, Nature of solvent, SNi, Neighbouring group participataion. Hydroxy compounds: Alcohols: Preparation with hydroboration reaction, Grignard synthesis of alcohols. Phenols: Preparation i) from diazonium salt, ii) from aryl sulphonates, iii)from cumene with mechanism. Chemical properties: a. Acidic nature of phenols, b. Formation of alkoxides /phenoxides and their reaction with RX, c. Esterification by acids ( mechanism), d. Dehydration of alcohols. e. Special reaction of phenols with mechanism; Bromination, KolbSchmidt reaction, Riemer Polyhydroxy compounds: Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement. Carbonyl compounds: Synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids.

31

Physical properties: absence of hydrogen bonding, ketoenol tautomerism, reactivity of carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones. Nucleophilic addition reaction with a) NaHSO3, b) HCN, c) RMgX, d) 2, 4 DNP with mechanism. Halogenation using PCl5 with mechanism. Base catalysed reactions with mechanism: a) Aldol, b) Cannizzaro reaction, c) Perkin reaction, d) Benzoin condensation, e) Haloform reaction, f) Knoevenagel reaction. Oxidation of aldehydes: BaeyerVilliger oxidation of ketones with mechanism. Reduction: Wolf Kishner reduction, MPV reduction, reduction with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 (all mechanisms.) Analysis of aldehydes and ketones with a) 2,4DNT test, b) Tollen’s test,c) Fehling text, d)

Schiff test, e) Haloform test (with equation). UNIT – IV 11 Hrs Carboxylic acids and derivatives: Methods of preparation by

a) hydrolysis of nitriles, amides and esters. b)carbonation of Grignard reagents. Special methods of preparation of aromatic acids by

a) oxidation of side chain. b) hydrolysis by benzotrichlorides. c) Kolbe reaction. Physical properties: Hydrogen bonding, dimeric association, acidity strength of acids with examples of trimethyl acetic acid and trichloro acetic acid. Relative differences in the acidities of aromatic and aliphatic acids. Chemical properties: Reactions involving H, OH and COOH groups salt formation, anhydride formation, acid chloride formation, amide formation and esterification (mechanism).Degradation of carboxylic acids by HunsDiecker reaction, decarboxylation by Schimdt reaction, ArndtEistert synthesis, halogenation by HellVolhardZelinsky reaction. Derivatives of carboxylic acids: Reaction of acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, acid amides, esters (mechanism of the hydrolysis of esters by acids and bases). Active methylene compounds Acetoacetic esters: Preparation by Claisen condensation, ketoenol tautomerism. Acid hydrolysis and ketonic hydrolysis. Preparation of a) monocarboxylic acids.b)dicarboxylic acids. Reaction with urea Malonic ester: Preparation from acetic acid. Synthetic applications: Preparation of a) monocarboxylic acids (propionic acid and nbutyric acid). b) dicarboxylic acids (succinic acid and adipic acid). c) α,ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids (crotonic acid). Reaction with urea. Exercises in inter conversion: Halogen derivatives to hydroxyl compounds, carboxylic acids and its derivatives.

32

Inorganic Chemistry

1. Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D.Lee 2. Basic Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson 3. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E.Huheey 4. Inorganic Chemistry by Chopra and Kapoor 5. Coordination Chemistry by Basalo and Johnson

Organic Chemistry 1. Organic Chemistry By R T Morrison and R.N.Boyd 2. Organic Chemistry by T.J.Solomons 3. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry by John Mc Murray, Eric Simanek 4. Organic Chemistry by Francis A Carey

33

ACHRYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR -522510 M. Sc., Nano -Technology (5 year Integrated) course

MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS

MATHEMATICS-III N.T.2.2.3 (Linear Algebra, Tensor Analysis and Vector Calculus)

UNIT-I: (5 hours) Vector spaces: General properties of vector spaces, Vector subspaces, linear combination of vectors. Linear span, linear sum of two subspaces, Linear independence and dependence of vectors, Basis of vector space, Finite dimensional vector spaces, Dimension of a vector space, Dimension of a subspace. UNIT-II: (15 hours) Linear transformations: linear operators, Range and null space of linear transformation, Rank and nullity of linear transformations, Linear transformations as vectors, Product of linear transformations, Invertible linear transformation. The adjoint or transpose of a linear transformation, Sylvester”s law

of nullity, characteristic values and characteristic vectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Reference Books: 1. Linear Algebra by J.N.Sharma and A.R.Vasista. Krishna Prakasham Mandir, Meerut-250002. 2. Linear Algebra by Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, Pearson Education (low priced edition). New Delhi. 3. Linear Algebra by Stephen H.Friedberg et al Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.4th edition 2007. UNIT-III: (15 hours) Tensor Analysis: Introduction, Transformation of Co-ordinates, Contravariant, Covariant and Mixed tensors, Addition and multiplication of tensors, contraction and Quotient Law. The line element, fundamental tensors. Reference Books: 1. Matrices and Tensors for Physicists by A W.Joshi 2. Vector and Tensor Analysis “Schaum Series” UNIT-IV: (15 hours) Vector differentiation.: Ordinary derivatives of vectors, Continuity, Differentiability, Gradient, Divergence, Curl operators. Vector integration, Theorems of Gauss and Stokes, Green’s theorem in

plane and applications of these theorems. Reference Books: 1. Vector Analysis by Murray.R.Spiegel, Sehaum series publishing company, Chapters 3,4,5,6 & 7. 2. Text book of vector Analysis by Shanti Narayana and P.K.Mittal, S.Chand &Company Ltd, New Delhi. 3. Mathematical Analysis by S.C.Mallik and Savitha Arora, Wiley Eastern Ltd

34

Paper- IV: PHYSICS N.T 2.2.4 (Electricity and Magnetism)

UNIT – I 12 Hrs Electrostatics : Gauss law and its applications. Deduction of Coulmb’s law from Gauss law. Mechanical force on a

charged conductor Electric potential – Potential due to a charged spherical conductor, , electric field strength from the electric dipole and an infinite line of charge. Dielectrics: An atomic view of dielectrics, potential energy of a dipole in an electric field. Polarization and charge density, Gauss’s law for dielectric medium– Relation between D,E, and P. Dielectric constant, susceptibility and relation between them. Boundary conditions at the dielectric surface. Capacitance: Capacitance of concentric spheres and cylindrical condenser, capacitance of parallel plate condenser with and without dielectric. Electric energy stored in a charged condenser – force between plates of condenser. UNIT – II 12 Hrs Network Theorems: Network definitions-mesh and node circuit analysis-principle of duality-reduction of a complicated network Conversions between T and π sections-The bridged T network-The lattice network-The superposition theorem-The reciprocity theorem- Thevenin’s theorem; The voltage source equivalent circuit –Norton’s theorem; the current source equivalent circuit. Magnetostatics: Magnetic shell – potential due to magnetic shell – field due to magnetic shell – equivalent of electric circuit and magnetic shell – Magnetic induction (B) and field (H) – permeability and susceptibility – Hysteresis loop. UNIT – III 12 Hrs Moving charge in electric and magnetic field: Ampere’s law and Biot –Savart’s law and calculation of B due to long straight wire, a circular

current loop and solenoid. force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field, force and torque on a current loop. Hall effect. Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law –Lenz’s law – expression for induced emf – time varying magnetic fields – self and mutual inductance, coefficient of coupling, calculation of self inductance of a long solenoid – energy stored in magnetic field.

35

UNIT – IV 12 Hrs Varying and alternating currents: Growth and decay of currents in LR, CR circuits – Critical damping. Alternating current, relation between current and voltage in pure R,C and L-vector diagrams – Power in ac circuits. LCR series and parallel resonant circuit – Q-factor. Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic waves: A review of basic laws of electricity and magnetism – displacement current – Maxwell’s equations in differential form – Maxwell’s wave equation, plane electromagnetic waves – Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Poynting theorem. NOTE: Problems should be solved from every chapter of all units.

Reference Books: 1. Fundamentals of Physics- Halliday/Resnick/Walker - Wiley India Edition 2007. 2. Berkeley Physics Course – Vol. II - Electricity and Magnetism – Edward M Purcell –The McGraw-Hill Companies. 3. Electricity and Magnetism – D.N. Vasudeva. S. Chand & Co. 4. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. Ratan Prakashan Mandir. 5. Electricity and Electronics – D.C. Tayal. Himalaya Publishing House. 6. Electricity and Magnetism – C.J.Smith. Edward Arnold Ltd. 7. Electricity, Magnetism with Electronics – K K Tewari. R.Chand & Co. 8. Third year Physics – Telugu Akademy

36

Chemistry -IV NT2.2.5

(Inorganic and Physical Chemistry) Unit-I 17 Hrs Coordination Chemistry: IUPAC nomenclature, bonding theories – review of Werner’s theory and Sidgwick’s concept of

coordination, Valence bond theory, geometries of coordination numbers 4-tetrahedral and square planar and 6-octahedral, and its limitations, crystal field theory, splitting of d-orbital in octahedral tetrahedral and square-planar complexes – low spin and high spin complexes – factors affecting crystal-field splitting energy, merits and demerits f crystal-field theory. Isomerism in coordination compounds – structural isomerism and stereo isomerism, stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers. Spectral and magnetic properties of metal complexes: Electronic absorption spectrum of (Ti(H2O)6)

3+ ion Types of magnetic behavior, spin-only formula, calculation of magnetic moments, experimental determination of magnetic susceptibility – Gouy method. Reactivity of metal complexes: Labile and inert complexes, ligand substitution reaction s – Sn1 and Sn2, substitution reactions of square planar complexes – Trans effect and applications of trans effect. Stability of metal complexes: Thermodynamic stability and kinetic, stability, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes, chelate effect, determination of composition of complex by Job’s method UNIT II 10 Hrs Electronic spectra of coordination complexes Spitting of d-terms in octahedral field, Selection rules, Orgel diagram, Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, Charge transfer spectra. Bioinorganic chemistry: Essential elements, biological significance of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and chloride (CI) Metalloporphyrins – hemoglobin, structure and function, Chlorophyll, structure and role in photosynthesis. Hard and soft acids bases (HSAB): Classification, Pearson’s concept of hardness and softness, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

37

Unit III Catalysis: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysis, comparison with examples. Kinetics of specific acid catalyzed reactions, inversion of cane sugar. Kinetics of specific base catalyzed reactions, base catalyzed conversion of acetone to diacetone alcohol. Acid and base catalyzed reactions hydrolysis of esters, mutarotation of glucose. Catalytic activity at surfaces. Mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysis. LangmuirHinshelwood mechanism. Enzyme catalysis: Classification, characteristics of enzyme catalysis. Kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions Michaelis Menton law, significance of Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax). Factors effecting enzyme catalysis effect of temperature, pH, concentration and inhibitor. Catalytic efficiency. Mechanism of oxidation of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. Photochemistry: Difference between thermal and photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry – Draper’s

law and Strak – Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence Quantum yield. Ferrioxalate

actinometry. Photochemical hydrogen – chlorine, hydrogen – bromine reaction, Jablonski diagram depicting various processes occurring in the excited state, qualitative description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes ( internal conversion, intersystem crossing). Photosensitized reactions – energy transfer processes (simple example). UNIT-IV 8 Hrs Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics – statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacities and their relationship. Joule’s law – Joule –Thomson coefficient. Calculation of w, q, dU and dH for the expansion of perfect gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible processes. State function. Temperature dependence of enthalpy of formation – Kirchoff’s equation. The Gibbs (G) and Helmholtz(A) energies. A & G as criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity. Gibbs equations and the Maxwell relations. Variation of G with P,V and Physical chemistry books

1. Physical chemistry A molecular approach by Donald A. Mcquarrie and John D. Simon. 2. Physical chemistry by G M Barrow

3. Physical chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio D. Paula

4. Chemical Kinetics by K J Laidler 5. Physical Chemistry by J W Moore

Inorganic Chemistry 1. Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D.Lee 2. Basic Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson 3. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E.Huheey 4. Inorganic Chemistry by Chopra and Kapoor 5. Coordination Chemistry by Basalo and Johnson

38

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510 NT3.1.1

M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated) course III year (I Semester) syllabus

Paper-I : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

UNIT-I: 11hrs Environmental Studies – Introduction Definition, Scope and Importance Measuring and defining environmental development: indicators ) Basic Principles of ecosystem functioning Concept of an ecosystem Structure and function of an ecosystem Producers, consumers and decomposers Energy flow in the ecosystem Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and functions Forest ecosystem Grassland ecosystem Desert ecosystem Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers oceans, estuaries) UNIT – II: 13 hrs Environment and Natural Resources Forest Resources Use and overexploitation Deforestation Timber extraction Mining and damstheir effects on forests and tribal people. Water Resources Use and overutilization of surface and ground water Floods, droughts Conflicts over water Dams-benefits and costs Mineral resources Use and exploitation Effects of extracting and using mineral resources Food resources World food problems Changes caused by agricultural and overgrazing Effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, and salinity Energy resources Growing energy needs Renewable and non renewable energy sources Use of alternate energy sources

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UNIT – III: 14hrs Environmental Pollution Causes, effects and control measures of Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution Marine pollution Noise pollution Nuclear hazards Solid Waste Management Urban and industrial wastes Pollution control methods Disaster management floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. Environmental Problems in India Effects of human activities on the quality of life Water and River, Ground water Wasteland reclamation Energy - Firewood, Animal energy, thermal and Nuclear energy Access to Common Property Resources (CPR) Pollution: domestic Solid waste, Health and Sanitation and Unsafe Drinking water UNIT – IV: 10 hrs Environment and Sustainable Development Concepts and indicators Linkages and tradeoffs Indicators of sustainability Approaches to sustainable development Module 17: Field Work Visit to a local area to document environmental assets river / Forests /grassland/hill/mountain Study of local environment common plants, insects, birds Study of simple eco systems pond, river, hill slopes, etc Prepare a term paper based on the observations during the field work.

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Paper- II: Modern Physics N.T 3.1.2

Unit – I: Quantum Mechanics 12hrs

Inadequacy of classical Physics: (Discussion only) Planck’s law. Photoelectric effect – Einstien’s photoelectric equation. Compton’s effect

(quantitative) experimental verification. Stability of an atom – Bohr’s atomic theory.

Drawbacks of Bohr’s atomic model - Sommerfeld’s elliptical orbits – relativistic correction (no derivation). Stern & Gerlach experiment. Matter Waves: de Broglie’s hypothesis – wavelength of matter waves, properties of matter waves. Phase and group velocities. Davisson and Germer experiment. Uncertainty Principle: Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle for position and momentum (x and px), Energy and time (E and t). Gamma ray microscope - Diffraction by a single slit.

Unit – II Atomic Spectra 12 hrs Spectral terms, selection rules, intensity rules. Spectra of alkali atoms, doublet fine structure. Alkaline earth spectra, singlet and triplet fine structure. Zeeman Effect, Paschen-Back Effect and Stark Effect (basic idea). Molecular Spectroscopy: Types of molecular spectra, pure rotational energies and spectrum of diatomic molecule, determination of internuclear distance. Vibrational energies and spectrum of diatomic molecule. Raman effect - Classical and quantum theory. Applications.

Unit – III Nuclear Physics 10 hrs

Nuclear Structure: Basic properties of nucleus – size, charge, mass, spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Binding energy of nucleus, deuteron binding energy, p-p and n-p scattering (concepts), nuclear forces. Nuclear models – liquid drop model, shell model. Alpha and Beta Decays: Range of alpha particles, Geiger – Nuttal law. Gammow’s theory

of alpha decay. Geiger – Nuttal law from Gammow’s theory. Beta spectrum – neutrino hypothesis, Fermi’s theory of -decay (qualitative). Nuclear Reactions: Types of nuclear reactions, channels, nuclear reaction kinematics. Compound nucleus. Nuclear Detectors – GM counter, proportional counter, scintillation counter, Wilson cloud chamber and solid state detector

Unit – IV

Basic Electronics 14 hrs Formation of electron energy bands in solids, classification of solids in terms of forbidden energy gap. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi level, continuity equation – p-n junction diode, Zener diode characteristics and its application as voltage regulator. Half wave and full wave rectifiers and filters, ripple factor (quantitative) – p n p and n p n transistors, current components in transistors, CB,CE and CC configurations – transistor

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hybrid parameters – determination of hybrid parameters from transistor characteristics – transistor as an amplifier –– concept of negative feed back and positive feed back – Barkhausen criterion, RC coupled amplifier and phase shift oscillator (qualitative). Digital Principles Binary number system, converting Binary to Decimal and vice versa. Binary addition and subtraction (1’s and 2’s complement methods). Hexadecimal number system. Conversion

from Binary to Hexadecimal – vice versa and Decimal to Hexadecimal vice versa. Logic gates: OR,AND,NOT gates, truth tables, realization of these gates using discrete components. NAND, NOR as universal gates, Exclusive – OR gate, De Morgan’s Laws – statement and proof, Half and Full adders. Parallel adder circuits. NOTE: Problems should be solved from every chapter of all units.

Reference Books

1. Modern Physics by G. Aruldhas & P. Rajagopal. Eastern Economy Edition. 2. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. Tata McGraw-Hill Edition. 3. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co. 4. Nuclear Physics by D.C. Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House. 5. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 6. Spectroscopy –Atomic and Molecular by Gurdeep R Chatwal and Shyam Anand – Himalaya

Publishing House. 7. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy. 8. Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P. Srivastava -Prentice-hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 9. University Physics with Modern Physics by Young & Freedman. A. Lewis Ford. Low Price

Edition (Eleventh Edition). 10. Quantum Physics by Eyvind H. Wichman. Volume.4. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 11. Quantum Mechanics by Mahesh C. Jani. Eastern Economy Edition. 12. Nuclear Physics Irving Kaplan – Narosa Publishing House. 13. Semiconductor Electronics and devices – Milliman & Halkias 14. Digital Electronics - Malvino

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CHEMISTRY-V NT3.1.3

(Physico, Chemical methods of analysis) Unit – I Separation techniques 12 hrs Solvent extraction: Principle and process, Batch extraction, continuous extraction and counter current extraction. Application – Determination of Iron (III) Chromatography (Basic principles & elementary knowledge) : Classification of chromatography methods, principles of differential migration adsorption phenomenon, Nature of adsorbents, solvent systems, Rf values, factors effecting Rf values. a. Paper Chromatography: Principles, Rf values, experimental procedure, choice of paper and solvent systems, developments of chromatogram – ascending, descending and radial. Two dimensional chromatography, applications. b. Thin layer Chromatography (TLC): Advantages, Principles, factors effecting Rf values. Experimental procedures. Adsorbents and solvents. Preparation of plates. Development of the chromatogram. Detection of the spots. Applications. c. Column Chromatography: Principles, experimental procedures, Stationary and mobile phases, Separation technique. Applications. d. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Principles and Applications. e. Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC): Principles and Applications. Unit II : Spectrophotometry 18 hrs General features of absorption – spectroscopy, Beer – Lambert’s law and its limitations,

transmittance, Absorbance, and molar absorptivity. Instreumentation: Single and double beam spectrophotometers. Application of Visible spectrophotometer for quantitative analysis of 1. Iron (III) with thiocynate 2. Iron (II) with O - Phenonthroline 3.Manganese in manganous sulphate with periodate 4. Phosphate as Phsopho-molybdenum blue Unit III : Mass Spectrometry: Basic principles – Molecular ion / parent ion, fragment ions / daughter ions. Therory – formation of parent ions. Representaion of mass spectrum. Identification of parent ion, (M+1),(M+2),base peaks (relative abundance 100%) Determination of molecular formula - Mass spectra of ethylbenzene, acetophenone, n-butyl amine and 1- proponal. Infrared spectroscopy: 8 hrs. Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator, molecular vibration spectrum, selection rules. Determination of force constant. Qualitative relation of force constant to bond energies.

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Anharmonic motion of real molecules and energy levels, Modes of vibrations in polyatomic molecules. Characteristic absorption bands of various functional groups. Finger print nature of infrared spectrum.

Raman spectroscopy: Concept of polarizability, pure rotational and pure vibrational raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules.

Unit IV : Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) 10 hrs

Principles of nuclear magnetic resonance, equivalent and non-equivalent protons, position of signals. Chemical shift, NMR splitting of signals - spin-spin coupling, coupling constants. Applications of NMR with suitable examples – ethyl bromide, ethanol, acetaldehyde, 1,1,2-tribromo ethane, ethylacetate, toluene and acetophenone.

Spectral interpretation Interpretation of IR, UV-Visible, 1H-NMR and mass spectral data of the following compounds. 1.Phenyl acetylene 2.Acetophenone 3.Cinnamic Acid 4. para-nitro aniline.

Reference Books:

1. organic spectroscopy by silverstein 2. molecular spectroscopy by ira Levine 3. Analytical chemistry by Gary D Christian, Wiley India 4. Analytical Chemistry by G.L.David Krupadanam, et al, Univ. Press

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ACHRYANAGARJUNAUNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR -522510 M. Sc., Nano -Technology (5 year Integrated) course

MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS

MATHEMATICS-IV N.T.3.1.4 (Special Functions, Fourier Series & Transforms, Laplace Transforms)

UNIT - I (10 hours) DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS: Second order liner ODEs with variable coefficients; solution by series expansion: Legendre, Associated Legendre, Bessel, Hermite and Laguerre equations; physical applications; generating functions; recurrence relations. UNIT - II (10 hours) FOURIER SERIES: Fourier series, Theorems, Dirichlet’s conditions, Fourier series for even and odd function, Half range Fourier series, Other forms of Fourier series and physical applications. UNIT - III (15 hours) FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Fourier transorms: Dirichelt’s conditions, Fourier integral formula (without proof),Fourier transform, Inverse Theorem for Fourier transform, Fourier sine and cosine transforms and their inversion formulae. Linearity property of Fourier transforms, Change of scale property, Shifting theorem, Modulation theorem, Convolution theorem of Fourier transforms, Parseval’s identity. UNIT - I V (15 hours) LAPLACE TRANSFORMATIONS: Definition of Laplace transform, linearity property-Piecewise continuous function. Existence of Laplace transform, Functions of exponential order and of class A. Change of scale property-Laplace transform of derivatives, Initial value problems, Laplace transform of integrals, Multiplication by t, Division by t, Laplace transform of periodic functions and error function, Beta function and Gamma functions. Definition of Inverse Laplace transform, Linearity property, Change of scale property, Division by p, Convolution theorem. Reference Books: 1. A course of Mathematical Analysis by Shanthi Narayan and P.K.Mittal, published by S.Chand & Company, Chapter 10. 2. Intergral transforms by A.R.Vasishtha & Dr.R.K.Gupta Published by Krishna Prakashan Media Pvt. Ltd. Meerut. Chapter I, Chapter II: all sections except 2.3. and 2.18; Chapter III: sections 3.1.,3.2,3.3,3.4;chapter VI: sections 6.1. to 6.20 except 6.16; Chapter VII: Sections 7.1. to 7.4; Chapter VIII: Section 8.2) 3. Mathematical Physics by Gupta & Kumar Published by Pragati Prakashan, MEERUT (INDIA). 4. Mathematical Physics by B.S.Rajput (Pragati Prakasan)

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Paper V : CLASSICAL MECHANICS N.T. 3.1.5 Unit-I 12 Hrs.

Mechanics of a particle. Mechanics of a system of particles, constraints, D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations, Velocity Dependent potentials and the Dissipation function Simple applications of the Lagrangian Formulation Hamilton’s principle, some techniques of the calculus of variations. .Derivation of Lagrange’s equations from Hamilton’s principle. Conservation theorems and symmetry properties, Energy function and the conservation of Energy

Unit-II 12 Hrs.

Reduction to the equivalent one body problem. The equation of motion and first Integrals, The equivalent One – Dimensional problem and classification of orbits, The differential equation for the orbit, and Integrable power –law potentials, Conditions for closed orbits (Bertrand’s theorem), The Kepler problem inverse square law of force , The motion in time in the Kepler problem, Scattering in a central force field.. Legendre transformations and Hamilton’s equations of motion. Cyclic Coordinates and conservation theorems, Derivation of Hamilton’s equation of motion from variational principle, Principle of Least Action.

Unit-III 13 Hrs. Equations of canonical transformation, Examples of Canonical transformations, The harmonic Oscillator, Poisson brackets and other Canonical invariants, Equations of motion, Infinitesimal canonical transformations, and conservation theorems in the poisson bracket formulation, the angular momentum poisson bracket relations.

Hamilton – Jacobi equation of Hamilton’s principal function, The Harmonic oscillator problem as an example of the Hamilton – Jacobi Method, Hamilton –Jacobi equation for Hamilton’s characteristic function. Action – angle variables in systems of one degree of freedom.

Unit-IV 13Hrs.

Independent coordinates of rigid body. , The Euler angles, Euler’s theorem on the Motion of a rigid body, Infinitesimal rotations, Rate of change of a vector, The Coriolis Effect. The Inertia tensor and the moment of inertia, The Eigenvalues of the inertia tensor and

the principal axis transformation, Solving rigid body problems and Euler equations of motion, Torque – free motion of a rigid body The Eigenvalue equation and the principal axis transformation, Frequencies of free vibration, and normal coordinates, Free vibrations of a linear triatomic molecule

References

Classical Mechanics “ by H.Goldstein (Addison-Wleley, 1st & 2nd ed) Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems” by J.B.Marion. Classical Mechanics – Puranik & Thakwale Classical Mechanics – Upadyaya Classical Mechanics – Kiran C Gupta

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ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY, NAGARJUNA NAGAR- 522510

M.Sc., Nano-Technology (5 year Integrated) course

III year (II Semester) syllabus

Paper I: QUANTUM MECHANICS N.T.3.2.1 UNIT-I 12 Hrs. Revision; Inadequacy of classical mechanics; Schrodinger equation; Physical significance of Ψ

continuity equation; admissible wave functions; Stationary states. Ehrenfest theorem; One-dimensional problems, wells and barriers. Harmonic oscillator.

Linear Vector Spaces in Quantum Mechanics: Vectors and operators, change of basis, Dirac’s bra

and ket notations. Eigen value problem for operators. Hermitian, unitary, projection operators. Orthogonalization procedure.

UNIT-II 12 Hrs. Angular momentum: commutation relations for angular momentum operator. , Angular Momentum in spherical polar coordinates, Eigen value problem for 2L and zL operators Eigen values and eigen functions of Rigid rotator and Hydrogen atom

UNIT – III 12 Hrs. Time-independent perturbation theory; Non-degenerate and degenerate cases; applications to a) normal helium atom b) Stark effect in Hydrogen atom. Variation method. Application to ground state of Helium atom. WKB method.

UNIT – IV 12 Hrs. Time dependent perturbation: General perturbations, variation of constants, transition into closely spaced levels –Fermi’s Golden rule. Harmonic perturbation.Einstein transition probabilities,

Interaction of an atom with the electro magnetic radiation.

REFERENCE BOOKS: Merzbecher, Quantum Mechanics L I Schiff, Quantum Mechanics (Mc Graw-Hill) B Craseman and J D Powell, Quantum Mechanics (Addison Wesley) A P Messiah, Quantum Mechanics J J Sakural, Modem Quantum Mechanics Mathews and Venkatesan Quantum Mechanics Quantum Mechanics” by R.D. Ratna Raju

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Paper II- SOLID STATE PHYSICS N.T.3.2.2 UNIT I 10hrs CRYSTAL STRUCTURE: Periodic array of atoms—Lattice translation vectors and lattices, symmetry operations, The Basis and the Crystal Structure, Primitive Lattice cell, Fundamental types of lattices—Two Dimensional lattice types, three Dimensional lattice types, Index system for crystal planes, simple crystal structures-- sodium chloride, cesium chloride and diamond structures. UNIT II 10hrs CRYSTAL DIFFRACTION AND RECIPROCAL LATTICE: Bragg’s law, Experimental diffraction methods-- Laue method and powder method, Derivation of scattered wave amplitude, indexing pattern of cubic crystals and non-cubic crystals (analytical methods). Geometrical Structure Factor, Determination of number of atoms in a cell and position of atoms. Reciprocal lattice, Brillouin Zone, Reciprocal lattice to bcc and fcc Lattices. UNIT III 14hrs FREE ELECTRON FERMI GAS: Energy levels and density of orbitals in one dimension, Free electron gas in 3 dimensions, Heat capacity of the electron gas in metals. Motion of electrons in Magnetic Fields- Hall effect, Ratio of thermal to electrical conductivity. Loretz-Drude theory-Electron density quantum theory of free electron. FERMI SURFACES OF METALS: Reduced zone scheme, Periodic Zone schemes, Construction of Fermi surfaces, Electron orbits, hole orbits, Experimental methods in Fermi surface studies-Quantization of orbits in a magnetic field, De-Hass-van Alphen Effect, extremal orbits, Fermi surface of Copper.

UNIT IV 16hrs THE BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS: Nearly free electron model, Origin of the energy gap, The Bloch Theorem, wave equation of electron in a periodic potential Kronig-Penny Model, Crystal momentum of an electron-Approximate solution near a zone boundary, Number of orbitals in a band-metals and isolators. Superconductivity:

Basic experimental facts – zero resistance, effect of magnetic field, Meissner effect,

persistent current, Isotope effect Thermodynamic properties, specific heat, entropy.

Type I and Type II superconductors. Elements of BCS theory-Cooper pairs.

Applications. High temperature superconductors (general information) TEXT BOOKS: 1.Introdcution to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, 5th edition, 2.Solid State Physics, A.J.DEKKER. 3. Solid Sate Physics – Srivastava 4. Solid State Physics- Singhal 5. Solid State Physics – Ali Omar

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PAPER III : SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

N.T.3.2.3

UNIT – I : 12 Hrs. Types of diodes – Zener diode, Tunnel diode, Power diode, Varactor diode, Light emitting diode. Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) – Transistor operating modes – Field Effect Transistor (JFET and MOSFET) – FET parameters. Electrical conduction of Semiconductors – Hall effect in semi conductors – Junction properties, Photo conductivity – Photo voltaic effect. Integrated circuits – Types of ICs – Analog and Digital ICs – Semiconductor IC fabrication. UNIT –II : 12 Hrs. Two-port Network circuits: Transistor Hybrid, Impedance and Admittance parameters circuit model, Voltage amplifier, Current amplifier circuit model. Small signal basic amplifiers: Basic BJT amplifier – CB,CE,CC - configurations and their applications, Basic FET amplifier. Multistage amplifiers : CE-CE, CE-CC – cascaded stages, Darlington configuration, Cascode amplifier, Differential amplifier and its DC and AC analysis. UNIT –III : 12 Hrs. Feedback amplifier – Advantages of negative feedback, Classification of feedback, Voltage series feedback, Voltage shunt feedback, Current series feedback, and Current shunt feedback. Power amplifiers: Classification of Power amplifiers – Efficiency of Power amplifiers – Class – A , Class – B Push-pull complementary symmetry , Class – AB Push-pull Power amplifiers. Oscillators: Principle - RC – Phase shift oscillator, Wein-bridge oscillator, R.F oscillators – Hartley and Colpitt’s oscillators, Crystal oscillators. UNIT – IV : 12 Hrs. Operational amplifier: Introduction – Block diagram, Characteristics of operational amplifier, Op-Amp electrical parameters, open loop configurations, Inverting and Non-Inverting , summing amplifier, closed loop configuration – Effect of negative feedback on voltage gain, I/P , O/P resistances and band width (voltage series feed back amplifier) Differentiator and Integrator. Reference Books: 1. Semiconductor devices and circuits by B.P. Singh, Dhanpath Rai & Company, New Delhi. 2. Semiconductor electronics by R.K Sarma, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi. 3. Operation amplifiers and linear integrated circuit technology by Ramakanth A. Gayakwad 3rd Edition Prentice-Hall INC, New Jersey.

4. Semiconductor electronics and devices – Millman and Halkias 5. Digital electronics – Malvino

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Paper IV: Physics and Chemistry of Materials N.T. 3.2.4 Unit-I 10 hrs Classification of materials: Types of materials, Metals, Ceramics (Sand glasses) polymers, composites, semiconductors.

Metals and alloys: Phase diagrams of single component, binary and ternary systems, diffusion, nucleation and growth. Diffusional and diffusionless transformations. Mechanical properties. Metallic glasses. Preparation, structure and properties like electrical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical, applications.

Unit-II 10 hrs

Glasses: The glass transition - theories for the glass transition, Factors that determine the glass-transition temperature. Glass forming systems and ease of glass formation, preparation of glass materials.

Applications of Glasses: Introduction: Electronic applications, Electrochemical applications, optical applications, Magnetic applications. Unit-III 16 hrs Biomaterials - Implant materials: Stainless steels and its alloys, Ti and Ti based alloys, Ceramic implant materials; Hydroxyapatite glass ceramics, Carbon Implant materials, Polymeric Implant materials, Soft tissue replacement implants, Sutures, Surgical tapes and adhesives, heart valve implants, Artificial organs, Hard Tissue replacement Implants, Internal Fracture Fixation Devices, Wires, Pins, and Screws, Fracture Plates. Macromolecules

Classification of polymers, chemistry of polymerization, chain polymerization, step polymerization, coordination polymerization – tacticity. Molecular weight of polymers-number average and weight average molecular weight, degree of polymerization, determination of molecular weight of polymers by viscometry, Osmometry and light scattering methods. Kinetics of free radical polymerization, derivation of rate law. Preparation and industrial application of polyethylene, PVC, Teflon, polyacrylonitrile, terelene and Nylon66. Introduction to biodegradability.

Unit-IV 14 hrs Liquid Crystals: Mesomorphism of anisotropic systems, Different liquid crystalline phase and phase transitions, few applications of liquid crystals. Nanomaterials Different types of nano crystalline materials: nano crystalline metals, nano crystalline ceramics, Mesoporous materials, Carbon nanotubes, nano-coatings, zeolites, quantum dot lasers, nano structured magnetic materials; Synthesis of nanomaterials: Vacuum synthesis, sputtering, laser ablation, liquid metal ion sources, Gas-Phase synthesis, condensed-phase synthesis Characterization methods: XRD and TEM, Properties of Nanostructure materials, Electrical and mechanical properties Optical properties by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Applications of nanomaterials.

1 Inorganic solids D. M. Adams (John-Wiley) 2 Physics of Amorphous Materials by S.R.Elliott. 3 Phase transformation in metal and alloys, D. A. Porter and K. E. Easterling 4 Fundamental of thermotropic liquid crystals deJen and Vertogen 5 Nanocrystalline materials- H. Gleiter 6 . Biomaterials Science and Engg. J.B. Park 7. Materials Science and Engg. – C. M. Srivastava

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N.T.3.2.5

PAPER V - PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF NANO STRUCTURED SOLIDS UNIT-I 12hrs

Background and history of Nano-World Emergence of Nanoscience with special reference to Feynman and Drexler; Role of particle size; Spatial and temporal scale; Concept of confinement, strong and weak confinement with suitable example; Development of quantum structures, Basic concept of quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot. Finite size Zero, One and Two Dimensional Nanostructures, Concept of Surface and Interfacial Energies. Physics of the solid state – size dependence of properties, crystal structures, Lattice vibrations, Energy bands:- Insulators Semiconductors and conductors. UNIT-II 12hrs Energy Bonds and Gaps of Semiconductors, Effective masses Fermi Surfaces Localized particles:- Donars, Acceptors and deep Traps, Mobility, Excitons. Intermolecular and interfacial forces in organic, biological and aqueous systems, meso scale thermodynamics-Vander walls, electrostatic, double layer acid base, depletion interactions. UNIT-III 12hrs Classification of Nanomaterials Inorganic nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes and cones, nanofols and nonporous, zeolites minerals, silicate minerals, montmorillonite and Laponite; Organic nanomaterials: dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, block copolymers; Bionanomaterials: Biomimtric, bioceramic and nanotherapeutics; Nanomaterials for molecular electronics and optoelectronics. UNIT-IV 12hrs Molecular & Nano Electronics, Semiconductors, Transition from crystal Technology to nanotechnology. Tiny motors, Gyroscopes and accelerometers. Nano particle embedded wrinkle resistant cloth, Transparent Zinc Oxide sun screens. Biosystems, Nanoscale Processes in the Environment. Nanoscale structures, Novel phenomena and Quantum control and quantum computing. Single electron transistors, Quantum dots, Quantum wires and RTT.

Reference books 1. Solid State Physics by Pillai : Wiley Eastern Ltd. 2. Introduction to Solid state physics 7th edition by kittel : John Wiley & sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd. 3. Introduction to nano Technology by Charles P.Pooler jr & Frank J.Owens. Wiley India Pvt. 4 Nano Technology and Nano Electronics-Materials, devices and measurement Techniques by WR Fahrner-Springer 5. Encyclopedia of nano Technology by M.Balakrishna rao and K.Krishna Reddy, Vol I to X

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Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011 M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year (I Semester) Paper-I QUANTUM MECHANICS-II N.T 4.1.1

UNIT-I Spin and Total angular momentum: Spin angular momentum and Paulis spin matrices Total angular momentum J. Explicit matrices for zyx JJJJ &,,2 .Combination of two angular

moment and tensor operator: Clebsch-Gordon coefficients for j1=1/2 , j2 =1/2 and j1=1 , j2 =1/2 Wigner-Eckart theorem. UNIT-II Scattering Theory: Introduction of scattering – notion of cross section – scattering of a wave packet- scattering in continuous stream model – Green’s function in scattering theory – Born’s approximation – first order approximation – criteria for the validity of Born’s approximation. Form factor- scattering from a square well potential – partial wave analysis – Expansion of a plane wave – optimal theorem – calculation of phase shifts – low energy limit – energy dependence of e - scattering from a square well potential.

UNIT-III Molecular Quantum Mechanics:

The Born-Openheimer Approximation – The hydrogen molecule ion the Hydrogen molecule – The valance bond method – The molecular orbital method- Comparison of the methods – Heitler-London method.( Ref : Atkins, Chapter-9, 279-294).

Text and Reference Books:

Merzbecher, Quantum Mechanics L I Schiff, Quantum Mechanics (Mc Graw-Hill) B Craseman and J D Powell, Quantum Mechanics (Addison Wesley) A P Messiah, Quantum Mechanics J J Sakural, Modem Quantum Mechanics Mathews and Venkatesan Quantum Mechanics Quantum Mechanics” by R.D. Ratna Raju Quantum mechanics by Kakani and Chandalia

52

Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011 M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year (I Semester)

Paper – II Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials N.T. 4.1.2

UNIT-1. BULK SYNTHESIS: Synthesis of bulk nano-structured materials –sol gel processing –Mechanical alloying and mechanical milling- Inert gas condensation technique – Nanopolymers – Bulk and nano composite materials. Vapor deposition and different types of epitaxial growth techniques- pulsed laser deposition, Magnetron sputtering - Micro lithography (photolithography, soft lithography, micromachining, e-beam writing, and scanning probe patterning). UNIT-2. CHEMICAL APPROACHES: Self-assembly, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, clusters, colloids, zeolites, organic block copolymers, emulsion polymerization, templated synthesis, and confined nucleation and/or growth. Biomimetic Approaches: polymer matrix isolation, and surface-templated nucleation and/or crystallization. Electrochemical Approaches: anodic oxidation of alumina films, porous silicon, and pulsed electrochemical deposition. UNIT-3. NANOPOROUS MATERIALS: Nanoporous Materials – Silicon - Zeolites, mesoporous materials - nanomembranes and carbon nanotubes - AgX photography, smart sunglasses, and transparent conducting oxides –molecular sieves – nanosponges. UNIT-4. APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS: Molecular Electronics and Nanoelectronics – Nanobots- Biological Applications – Quantum Devices – Nanomechanics - Carbon Nanotube – Photonics- Nano structures as single electron transistor –

principle and design. Reference:

1. S.P. Gaponenko, Optical Properties of semiconductor nanocrystals, Cambridge University Press, 1980.

2. W.Gaddand, D.Brenner, S.Lysherski and G.J.Infrate(Eds.), Handbook of NanoScience, Engg. and Technology, CRC Press, 2002.

3. K. Barriham, D.D. Vvedensky, Low dimensional semiconductor structures: fundamental and device applications, Cambridge University Press, 2001.

4. G. Cao, Nanostructures & Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties &Applications , Imperial College Press, 2004.

5. J.George, Preparation of Thin Films, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 2005.

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Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011 M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year (I Semester)

Paper - III Condensed Matter Physics -I N.T 4.1.3

UNIT-I. Defects in Crystals:

Properties of metallic lattices and simple alloys: The structure of metals –classification of lattice defects. Configurational -entropy –The number of vacancies and interstitial as function of temperature –The formation of lattice defects in metals. Lattice defect in ionic crystals and estimation of concentration of defects in ionic crystals. Edge and screw dislocation The Frank read mechanism of dislocation multiplication.

UNIT-II. Optical Phenomenon in insulators: Optical and thermal electronic excitation in ionic crystals, The ultraviolet spectrum of the alkali halides; excitons, Illustration of electron-hole interaction in single ions, Qualitative discussion of the influence of lattice defects on the electronic levels, Non stoichiometric crystals containing excess metal, The transformation of F centers into F1 centers and viceversa, Photoconductivity in crystals containing excess metal, The photoelectric effect in alkali halides, Coagulation of F centers and colloids, Color centers resulting from excess halogen, Color centers produced by irradiation with X-rays.

UNIT-III. Luminescence and Thermal Properties: Luminescence General remarks, Excitation and emission, Decay mechanisms, Thallium-activated alkali halids, The sulfide phosphors, Electroluminescence.

Lattice heat capacity – Einstein and Debye theories. Lattice thermal conductivity- Phonon mean free path. Origin of thermal expansion and Gruneisen relation.

UNIT-IV. Lattice Vibrations:

Elastic waves in one dimensional array of identical atoms (mono atomic lattice). Vibrational modes of a diatomic linear lattice and dispersion relations. Acoustic and optical modes. Infrared absorption in ionic crystals. Phonons and verification of dispersion relation in crystal lattices.

Text and Reference Books

1. Madelng : Introduction to Solid State theory 2. Callaway: Quantum theory of solid state 3. A.J.Dekker: Solid state physics 4. C.Kittel : Solid State Physics 5. Solid State Physics S.O.Pillai New Age International

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Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011

M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year (I Semester)

Paper - IV Condensed Matter Physics -II N.T. 4.1.4

UNIT-I: Magnetic Properties of Solids: Quantum theory of Para magnetism, Crystal Field Splitting, Quenching of the orbital Angular Momentum Ferromagnetism Curie point and the Exchange integral, Saturation Magnetization at Absolute Zero, Magnons, Bloch’s T

3/2 law. Ferromagnetic Domains. Antiferromagnetism, The two-sublattice model, Superexchage interaction Ferrimagnetism The structure of ferrites, The saturation magnetization, Elements of Neel’s theory.

(Solid State Physics by C.Kittel Chapters 14 and 15)

Unit-II. Dielectrics:

Macroscopic description of the static dielectric constant, The static electronic and ionic polarizabilities of molecules, Orientational Polarization, The static dielectric constant of gases. The internal field according to Lorentz, The static dielectric constant of solids, Clasius -Mosetti equation The complex dielectric constant and dielectric losses, Dielectric losses and relaxation time, Cole-Cole diagrams. The classical theory of electronic polarization and optical absorbtion. Unit-III. Ferroelectrics: General properties of ferroelectric materials. Classification and properties of representative ferroelectrics, the dipole theory of ferroelectricity, objections against the dipole theory, Ionic displacements and the behaviour of BaTiO3 above the curie temperature, the theory of spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3. Thermodynamics of ferroelectric transitions, Ferroelectric domains. Unit-IV. Crystal growth Technique: Bridgeman-Czochralski-liquid encapsulated czochralski (LEC) growth technique-zone refining and floating zone growth-chemical vapour deposition (CVD)-Molecular beam epitaxy (MOVPE)-vapour phase epitaxy-hydrothermal growth-Growth from melt solutions-Flame fusion method. Text and Reference Books:

1. Solid State Physics by A.J.Dekker (Macmillan) 2. Solid State Physics by C.Kittel 3. Crystal growth processes by J.C.Brice (John Wiley and sons)

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Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011 M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year (II Semester) Paper-I : ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND MODERN OPTICS N.T 4.2.1 UNIT-I Electromagnetic Theory Maxwell’s equations –General wave equation-Propagation of light in isotropic dielectric medium – dispersion –Propagation of light in conducting medium –Skin depth –Reflection and refraction at the boundary of a dielectric interface-Fresenel’s equations-Propagation of light in crystals – double refraction. Electromagnetic Radiation –Retarded Potentials –Radiation from an Oscillating dipole –Linear Antenna –Lienard-Wiechert Potentials. UNIT-II Lasers Lasers: Introduction – directionality- brightness- monochromacity- coherence – relation between the coherence of the field and the size of the source – absorption and emission processes - the Einstein coefficients - amplification in a medium- laser pumping Boltzman’s principle and the population of

energy levels – attainment of population inversion - two level – three level and four level pumping . Optical feedback: the optical resonator laser power and threshold condition confinement of beam within the resonator – stability condition. Laser output: Absorption and emission - shape and width of broadening lines – line broadening mechanisms – natural, collision and Doppler broadening. UNIT –III Non linear Optics Basic Principles- Harmonic generation – Second harmonic generation- Phase matching –Third Harmonic generation-Optical mixing –Parametric generation of light –Parametric light oscillator-Frequency up conversion-Self focusing of light. UNIT-IV Fiber Optics Fiber Optics : Introduction – total internal refraction –optical fiber modes and configurations- fiber types – rays and modes- Step index fiber structures – ray optics representation – wave representation – Mode theory for circular wave guides- wave guide equations – wave equations for step indexed fibers – modal equation – modes in step indexed fibers – power flow in step indexed fibers . Graded indexed fiber structure : Structure – Numerical aperture and modes in graded index fibers- Signal degradation in optical fibers – attenuation – losses – absorptive scattering – and radiative – core cladding – Signal distortion in optical wave guides – Information capacity determination – Group delay – Material dispersion – wave guide dispersion – inter modal dispersion – pulse broadening . Preparation of different techniques of optical fibers Text & Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics , D.J.Griffiths, Prentice-Hall, India 2. Electromagnetics, B.B.Laud, Wiley –Eastern, New Delhi. 3. Modern Optics, Fowels 4. Laser and their applications, M.J.Beesly, Taylor and Francis, 1976. 5. Laser and Non-Linear Optics, B.B.Laud, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,1983. 6. Optics , E.Hecht, Addison Wiley, 1974. 7. Optical fibers communications, Gerel Keiser, McGraw Hill Book, 2000.

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Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011 M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year (II Semester) Paper II : Superconductivity And Advanced Topics N.T. 4.2.2

UNIT I : Lattice Dynamics and Optical properties of Solids Inter atomic forces and lattice dynamics of simple metals, ionic and covalent crystals. Optical phonons and dielectric constants. Inelastic neutron scattering. Anhormonicity, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. Interaction of electrons and phonons with photons., Direct and indirect transitions.

UNIT II: Semiconductor nanoparticles – Applications 10

Optical luminescence and fluorescence from direct, bandgap semiconductor nanoparticles, surface-trap passivation in core-shell nanoparticles, carrier injection, polymer-nanoparticle LED’s and solar

cells, electroluminescence; barriers to nanoparticle lasers; doping nanoparticles, Mn-ZnSe phosphors; light emission from indirect semiconductors, light emission from Si nanodots.

UNIT III : Physics of Linear Photonic Crystals 8

Maxwell’s Equations, Bloch’s Theorem, Photonic Band Gap and Localized Defect States,

Transmission Spectra, Nonlinear Optics in Linear Photonic Crystals, Guided Modes in Photonic Crystals Slab UNIT IV : Superconductivity:

The Meissner effect –- Isotope effect- specific heat-thermal conductivity and manifestation of energy gap. Quantum tunnelling-Cooper pairing due to phonons, BCS theory of superconductivity, Ginzsburg-Landau theory and application to Josephson effect: d-c Josephson effect, a-c Josephson effect, macroscopic quantum interference. Vortices and type I and type II superconductors, applications of superconductivity-high temperature superconductivity (elementary).

Text & Reference Books:

Madelung : Introduction to Solid State Theory. Callaway : Quantum theory of Solid State. Huang : Theoretical Solid State Physics

Kittel : Quantum theory of Solids

Solid state Physics by Guptha Kumar and Sarma Solid State Physics S.O.Pillai New Age International

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Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011 M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year (II Semester) Paper – III CHARACTRIZATION OF NANO MATERIALS N.T.4.2.3

UNIT-I: OPTICAL AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: Optical microscopy- Use of polarized light microscopy – Phase contrast microcopy – Interference Microscopy – hot stage microscopy - surface morphology – Etch pit density and hardness measurements. Basic design of the scanning electron microscopy – Modes of operation– Backscattered electrons – secondary electrons- X-rays – typical forms of contrast– Resolution and contrast – enhancement – Specimen Preparation, Replicas Various-application of SEM. UNIT-II: TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: Basic principles - Modes of operation – Specimen preparation – Diffraction in imperfect crystals – Dislocations – precipitates – Structure of Grain boundaries and interfaces- HRTEM use in nanostructures. UNIT-III: ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY Basic concepts-Interaction force-AFM and the optical lever- Scale drawing- AFM tip on nanometer scale structures- force curves, measurements and manipulations-feed back control-different modes of operation –contact, non contact and tapping mode-Imaging and manipulation of samples in air or liquid environments-Imaging soft samples. Scanning Force Microscopy-Shear force Microscopy-Lateral Force Microscopy-Magnetic Force microscopy. UNIT-IV: 1. X-ray powder diffraction – single crystal diffraction technique – Determination of accurate lattice parameters – structure analysis – profile analysis – particle size analysis using Scherer formula. 2. Mossbauer spectroscopy: The Mossbauer Effect, Recoil less Emission and Absorption, The Mossbauer spectrometer, Experimental Methods, Chemical shift, Magnetic Hyperfine interactions. References: 1. J.Goldstein, D. E. Newbury, D.C. Joy, and C.E. Lym, “Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis”, 2003. 2. S.L. Flegler, J.W. Heckman and K.L. Klomparens, “Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Introduction”, WH Freeman & Co, 1993. 3. P.J.Goodhew, J.Humphreys, R.Beanland, “Electron Microscopy and Analysis”, 4. R.Haynes, D.P.Woodruff and T.A.Talchar, “Optical Microscopy of Materials”, Cambridge University press, 1986. 5. B.D. Cullity, “Elements of X-ray Diffraction”, Addison Wiley-1978.

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Syllabus approved in the PG Board of Studies meeting held on 04-02-2011 M.Sc. 5yr (Integrated) Nano-Technology

IV year II Semester) Paper - IV CERAMICS, POLYMERS AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS N.T.4.2.4 UNIT-I : Ceramic Materials 1. Material Preparation: Volume relations in mixtures, Preparation of mixes for forming, Rheological properties of plastic masses, Properties of casting slips 2. Forming processes: Slip casting, Plastic forming, Powder pressing. 3. Drying: 4. Firing: The theory of sintering, Firing schedule, Special procedures, Industrial kilns Powder processing – precipitation, spray drying, freeze drying, sol-gel, CVD, SHS – milling techniques – forming – die processing, slip casting, injection moulding, doctor blade processing – sintering techniques – standard pressure sintering, hot pressing, HIP, reaction bonded sintering, microwave sintering – surface finishing techniques UNIT-II : Types of Ceramics Ceramics based on clay raw materials Porcelain, Earthenware, Stoneware, Bricks and related products. STRUCTURAL CERAMICS Oxide ceramics (MgO-Al2O3-SiO2),– zirconia, alumina, silica, magnesia and, titania, mullite – carbides – silicon carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide – nitrides – silicon nitride, boron nitride, titanium nitride, borides, filicides, - sialon. ELECTRONIC-CERAMICS Ceramic insulators and capacitors – ferroelectric ceramics – barium titanate, PZT, PLZT materials – magnetic ceramics – spinal ferrites, zinc ferrites, garnets – superconducting ceramics – varistors and fuel cells. GLASS CERAMICS Principles of controlled crystallization, Main types of technical glass ceramics, Glass-ceramics from cheap natural and waste raw materials

UNIT-III

1. POLYMERS

Classification of polymers – copolymers – tacticity – geometric isomerism – molecular weight distribution and averages –Measurement of molecular weight – synthesis of polymers – step growth polymerisation – chain growth polymerisation – polymerisation techniques .

2. PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

Polymer conformation and chain dimensions – Freely oriented perpendicular chains-Gaussian model – amorphous state – glass transition temperature – The crystalline state – ordering of polymer chains – crystalline melting temperature – techniques to determine crystallinity –Mechanical properties – Introduction to viscoelasticity – dynamic mechanical analysis – mechanical models of viscoelastic behaviour – Boltzmann superposition principle – Intro

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UNIT-IV : COMPOSITES

1. Types of composite materials – the concept of load transfer - matrix materials - polymers, metals and ceramics - fibers - glass, boron, carbon, organic and metallic fibers-fiber packing arrangements - particle reinforced composites - fiber reinforced composites - structural composites - applications.

2. Fabrication of composites

Polymer matrix composites – liquid resin impregnation routes, pressurized consolidation of resin pre-pregs, consolidation of resin moulding compounds, injection moulding of thermoplastics, hot press moulding of thermoplastics – metal composites – squeeze infiltration, stir casting, spray deposition, powder blending and consolidation, diffusion bonding of foils, physical vapour deposition – ceramic composites – powder based routes, reactive processing, layered ceramic composites, carbon/carbon composites.

Text & Reference Books:

1. The Technology of Glass and Ceramics by JAN HLAVC, Elesevier - 1983 2. Joel R.Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1995 3. A.R. Gowarikar, Introduction to Polymer Science, TMH India, 1996 4. A.W.Birley, B.Haworth & J.Batchelor, Physics of Plastics: Processing, properties and materials

engineering, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1992. 5. F.N.Billmayer, Text Book of polymer science, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994. 6. D.Hull & T.W.Clyne, An Introduction to composite materials, Cambridge University Press,

1996. 7. K.K.Chawla, Composite Materials, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987. 8. K.K.Chawla, Ceramic Matrix Composites, Chapman & Hall, London, 1993. 9. P.K.Mallick, Fiber-Reinforced Composites:Materials, Manufacturing and Design,Marcel Dekker

Inc., 1988. 10. B.D.Agarwal and L.J.Broutman, Analysis and Performance of Fibre Composites, John Wiley &

Sons, 1980. 11. R.M.Jones, Mechanics of Composite Materials, McGraw Hill Co., 1975. 12. Kingery, W.D., Bowen, H.K. and Uhlmann, D.R. Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd Edition, John

Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976. 13. Richerson, D.W., Modern Ceramic Engineering: Properties, Processing and Use in design,

Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1992. 14. Reed, J.S., Principles of Ceramic Processing, John Wiley & Sons Inc, NY, 1995. 15. Lewis, M.H., Glasses and Glass Ceramics, Chapman and Hall, London, 1992. 16. Cable, M. and Parker, J.M., High Performance Glasses, Chapman and Hall, London, 1992. 17. Chester, J.H., Refractories, Production and Properties, Iron and Steel Institute, London, 1992. 18. Hench, L.L. and West, J.K., Principles of Electronic Ceramics, John Wiley, New York, 1990.

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VV yyeeaarr II SSeemmeesstteerr

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VV yyeeaarr II SSeemmeesstteerr

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cchheemmiiccaall ssoocciieettyy)).. 55..PPhhyyssiiccss ooff sseemmiiccoonndduuccttoorr NNaannoossttrruuccttuurreess:: KK..PP..JJaaiinn,, NNaarroossaa PPuubblliisshheerrss,, 11999977..

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VV yyeeaarr II SSeemmeesstteerr NNTT 55..11..33:: NNAANNOOCCOOMMPPOOSSIITTEESS UUnniitt –– II:: NNaannooccoommppoossiitteess:: AAnn IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn:: TTyyppeess ooff NNaannoo ccoommppoossiittee ((ii..ee.. mmeettaall ooxxiiddee,, cceerraammiicc,, ggllaassss aanndd ppoollyymmeerr bbaasseedd));; CCoorree--SShheellll ssttrruuccttuurreedd nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess SSuuppeerrhhaarrdd NNaannoo ccoommppoossiittee:: SSyynntthheessiiss,, aapppplliiccaattiioonnss aanndd mmiilleessttoonneess.. UUnniitt –– IIII:: MMeettaall bbaasseedd nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess:: MMeettaall--OOxxiiddee oorr MMeettaall--CCeerraammiicc ccoommppoossiitteess,, DDiiffffeerreenntt aassppeeccttss ooff tthheeiirr pprreeppaarraattiioonn tteecchhnniiqquueess aanndd tthheeiirr ffiinnaall pprrooppeerrttiieess aanndd ffuunnccttiioonnaalliittyy.. MMeettaall--mmeettaall nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess,, ssoommee ssiimmppllee pprreeppaarraattiioonn tteecchhnniiqquueess aanndd tthheeiirr nneeww eelleeccttrriiccaall aanndd mmaaggnneettiicc pprrooppeerrttiieess.. UUnniitt –– IIIIII:: DDeessiiggnn ooff SSuuppeerr hhaarrdd mmaatteerriiaallss:: SSuuppeerr hhaarrdd nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess,, iittss ddeessiiggnniinngg aanndd iimmpprroovveemmeennttss ooff mmeecchhaanniiccaall pprrooppeerrttiieess.. NNeeww kkiinndd ooff nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess:: FFrraaccttaall bbaasseedd ggllaassss--mmeettaall nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess,, iittss ddeessiiggnniinngg aanndd ffrraaccttaall ddiimmeennssiioonn aannaallyyssiiss.. EElleeccttrriiccaall pprrooppeerrttyy ooff ffrraaccttaall bbaasseedd nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess.. CCoorree--SShheellll ssttrruuccttuurreedd nnaannoo ccoommppoossiitteess.. UUnniitt –– IIVV:: PPoollyymmeerr bbaasseedd nnaannooccoommppoossiitteess:: PPrreeppaarraattiioonn aanndd cchhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff ddiibblloocckk CCooppoollyymmeerr bbaasseedd nnaannooccoommppoossiitteess;; PPoollyymmeerr--ccaarrbboonn nnaannoottuubbeess bbaasseedd ccoommppoossiitteess,, tthheeiirr mmeecchhaanniiccaall pprrooppeerrttiieess,, aanndd iinndduussttrriiaall ppoossssiibbiilliittiieess.. RReeffeerreenncceess:: 11.. NNaannooccoommppoossiitteess SScciieennccee aanndd TTeecchhnnoollooggyy -- PP.. MM.. AAjjaayyaann,, LL..SS.. SScchhaaddlleerr,, PP.. VV.. BBrraauunn 22.. PPhhyyssiiccaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff CCaarrbboonn NNaannoottuubbeess-- RR.. SSaaiittoo.. 33.. CCaarrbboonn NNaannoottuubbeess ((CCaarrbboonn ,, VVooll 3333)) -- MM.. EEnnddoo,, SS.. IIiijjiimmaa,, MM..SS.. DDrreesssseellhhaauuss.. 44.. TThhee sseeaarrcchh ffoorr nnoovveell,, ssuuppeerrhhaarrdd mmaatteerriiaallss-- SSttaann VVeepprr¡¡eekk ((RReevviieeww AArrttiiccllee)) JJVVSSTT AA,, 11999999.. 55.. EElleeccttrroommaaggnneettiicc aanndd mmaaggnneettiicc pprrooppeerrttiieess ooff mmuullttii ccoommppoonneenntt mmeettaall ooxxiiddeess,, hheetteerroo,, NNaannoommeetteerr vveerrssuuss mmiiccrroommeetteerr--ssiizzeedd ppaarrttiicclleess--CChhrriissttiiaann BBrroosssseeaauu,,JJaammaall BBeenn,, YYoouusssseeff,, PPhhiilliippppee TTaallbboott,, AAnnnnee-- MMaarriiee KKoonnnn,, ((RReevviieeww AArrttiiccllee)) JJ.. AAppppll.. PPhhyyss,, VVooll 9933,, 22000033.. 77.. DDiibblloocckk CCooppoollyymmeerr,, -- AAvviirraamm ((RReevviieeww AArrttiiccllee)),, NNaattuurree,, 22000022..

63

VV yyeeaarr II SSeemmeesstteerr NNTT 55..11..44:: MMEEMMSS AANNDD NNEEMMSS UUnniitt –– II::

DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff mmiiccrroo eelleeccttrroonniiccss,, RReeggiioonn ooff NNaannoossttrruuccttuurreess,, mmeetthhooddss aanndd lliimmiittss oonn mmiiccrroo mmiinniiaattuurriizzaattiioonn iinn sseemmiiccoonndduuccttoorrss,, mmiiccrroo eelleeccttrroo mmeecchhaanniiccaall ssyysstteemmss.. UUnniitt –– IIII::

SSiilliiccoonn mmiiccrroommaacchhiinniinngg,, sseemmiiccoonndduuccttoorrss aanndd iinnssuullaattoorrss,, MMiiccrroossyysstteemmss ffaabbrriiccaattiioonn tteecchhnniiqquueess,, SSiilliiccoonn MMEEMMSS ffaabbrriiccaattiioonn tteecchhnnoollooggyy,, SSiinnggllee ccrryyssttaall rreeaaccttiivvee eettcchhiinngg aanndd mmeettaalllliizzaattiioonn pprroocceessss..

NNoonn--ssiilliiccoonn MMEEMMSS aanndd ffaabbrriiccaattiioonn tteecchhnniiqquueess,, SSiiCC MMEEMMSS,, BBiioommeeddiiccaall -- MMEEMMSS tteecchhnniiqquueess.. IInntteeggrraattiioonn ooff mmiiccrroo ssyysstteemmss wwiitthh eelleeccttrroonniiccss –– RRFF MMEEMMSS –– AApppplliiccaattiioonnss.. UUnniitt –– IIIIII::

PPoollyymmeerrss iinn MMiiccrroossyysstteemmss,, PPaacckkaaggiinngg ooff MMEEMMSS ddeevviicceess bbyy aannooddiicc//ffuussiioonn bboonnddiinngg,, PPrreessssuurree sseennssoorrss aanndd ppaacckkaaggiinngg,, MMEEMMSS ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee aanndd eevvaalluuaattiioonn.. UUnniitt –– IIVV::

NNaannoo eelleeccttrroo mmeecchhaanniiccaall ssyysstteemmss ffaabbrriiccaattiioonn aanndd pprroocceessss tteecchhnniiqquueess,, llnntteeggrraattiioonn ooff nnaannoo ssyysstteemmss aanndd ddeevviicceess,, aapppplliiccaattiioonnss aanndd ffuuttuurree cchhaalllleennggeess..

RReeffeerreenncceess:: 11..WW..RR..FFaahhrrnneerr,, ““NNaannoo tteecchhnnoollooggvv aanndd NNaannoo eelleeccttrroonniiccss -- MMaatteerriiaallss,, DDeevviicceess aanndd MMeeaassuurreemmeenntt

TTeecchhnniiqquueess”” SSpprriinnggeerr,, 22000066.. 22..KK..GGoosseerr,, PP..GGlloosseekkootttteerr && JJ..DDiieennssttuuhhll,, ““NNaannoo eelleeccttrroonniicc aanndd NNaannoo ssyysstteemmss –– FFrroomm TTrraannssiissttoorrss ttoo

MMoolleeccuullaarr QQuuaannttuumm DDeevviicceess”” SSpprriinnggeerr,, 22000044.. 33..SS.. EE.. LLyysshheevvsskkii,, MMEEMMSS aanndd NNEEMMSS:: SSyysstteemmss,, DDeevviicceess aanndd SSttrruuccttuurreess,, CCRRCC PPrreessss,, 22000022.. 44..GGrreeggoorryy TTiimmpp,, NNaannootteecchhnnoollooggyy,, SSpprriinnggeerr,, 22000055.. 55..SSmmaarrtt MMaatteerriiaall SSyysstteemmss aanndd MMEEMMSS:: DDeessiiggnn aanndd DDeevveellooppmmeenntt;; VViijjaayy KK VVaarraaddaann,, KK JJ VViinnooyy,, SS

GGooppaallaakkrriisshhnnaann..