Msbjournal April 2007

The MSB Journal

Vol.I Issue II

In In In In In TTTTThis Issuehis Issuehis Issuehis Issuehis Issue - F - F - F - F - Frrrrrame Lofting Prame Lofting Prame Lofting Prame Lofting Prame Lofting Practicum IIacticum IIacticum IIacticum IIacticum II

- Sailing Ship Rigs - Sailing Ship Rigs - Sailing Ship Rigs - Sailing Ship Rigs - Sailing Ship Rigs

- Galleon San F - Galleon San F - Galleon San F - Galleon San F - Galleon San Frrrrranciscoanciscoanciscoanciscoancisco

www.modelshipbuilder.com

Vol.I Issue II

The MSB Journal

Volume I, Issue II

April 2007


All articles published in The MSB Journalare covered under international copyright laws.

This newsletter may be re-distributed freely as long as it remains,whole, intact and un-altered. We also urge you to print a copy

for your workshop or reading area.

Published bywww.modelshipbuilder.com

Front CoverPhoto

Mr. Bob HuntStrasburg, Virginia, USA

How to Contact The MSB Journal

By email: [email protected]

By Snail-MailModelShipBuilder.comc/o Winston Scoville

5 St. Charles Place RR 5Clinton, Ontario, N0M 1L0

Canada


Vol.I Issue II

In This Issue

Editors Notes

Letters to the Editor

So You Want To Build A Model Ship

Frame Lofting Practicum Part II

Clubs & Organizations

Ships From The Past

Jigs & Things

Galleon San Francisco

Sailing Ship Rigs

Crossword & Trivia

Contributors Pictures

Plans - Frigate Rigged Privateer


Vol.I Issue II

TTTTThe Editors Cornerhe Editors Cornerhe Editors Cornerhe Editors Cornerhe Editors Corner

Originally when I decided to put outThe MSB Journal I was thinking thatit would be a quarterly publication.That was the plan...really!Well...so much for plans :-).

After a bit of mulling things over, and comments andsuggestions from you the readers I thought I would just send them outas I am able to complete them.

This month we have some minor changes based on the content I wasable to put together. And a special thanks to those of you who havesent in content. Hopefully, in the future well see more of this from thereaders.

One special addition to this issue has been a section on ContributorsPictures. I hope that for future editions you will send in some picturesof your models so that others can see what other modelers are doingout there. They dont even have to be of completed models. Works inprogress are just as good.

Also, Id like to mention that if you have a modeling group that isholding some kind of special event this year, send us the details andwell do our best to get the word out.

Okay, on to the Journal.

Happy Reading!

Winston ScovilleThe MSB Journal

P.S. Be sure to pass on the word about The MSB Journal to your friendsand fellow modelers.


Vol.I Issue II

Letters to the EditorHave questions? Comments? Or are justlooking for information? Let us know bysending an email [email protected]

Future Ship ModelerA big thank you for the first issue, I amcompletely new to ship modeling, buthave wanted to build a ship model formany years, first I bought Longridgesbook on HMS Victory, then the twovolumes by Harold A Underhill on Plankon Frame models more than 20yrs ago,I have since bought more in the lastfew months, Shipmodeling Simplified byFrank Mastini and The Art ofShipmodelling by Frolich, plus a fewothers, I also subscribe to HubertSicards site, Shipmodelling forDummies, which I think is a greatresource, I have decided on a ModelShipworld kit of Bluenose as my firstmodel (I do have a modelingbackground, RC aircraft and modelengineering) so I feel it is a goodchoice, not too complicated, butenough to test me. As for input, beingnew I dont feel in the position, but Iwill surely ask questions if need be,once again THANK YOU, Frank

(Thanks Frank, a mere email is enoughof an input. It lets us know that this isa worthwhile project. MSBJ)

From GreeceThanks and congratulations for the firstissue of your journal. EXCELLENT WORKAND INFORMATIVE STYLE. May youreach issue XXXX and see what youvestarted take a life of its own.Congratulations again!Vasilis Tsonides, (Chalkis, Greece)

(Wow! Imagine, a mere 20 years ago itwould take a couple of weeks toreceive a letter from Greece here inCanada! Today.a few seconds!Thanks Vasilis, we hope the same

thing! MSBJ)

Kit BashingIve been modeling these wooden shipsnow for about six years and havecompleted three kit models and amnow working on another one and havecompleted one scratch built ship andIm now making a scratch build of abattle station of the USS Constitutionand am also kit bashing a Constructoriverboat into a real Mississippiriverboat. All the while, Ive been amember of several model forum, andhave read countless books and articleson the web, but Ive seen very little onthe subject of kit bashing. Throughmy own work, Ive learned a lot whenit comes to bashing a kit, but Id loveto see how others have taken on thisconcept. This would be a great articleif someone is up to it. Thanks, CBThompson

(Great idea there CB. Any takers outthere? Let us know! MSBJ)

Congradulations on an outstandinginitial edition of your journal. I amsending information regarding it tosome of my friends who are juststarting out in the model shipyardhobby. I wish you much success withyour new publication. I look forward tothe next edition.

By the way....you have an interestingwebsite. Keep up the good work.

Bob Lafferty

(Thanks Bob. Keep spreading theword. The more interest there is thebetter it can be in the long run. MSBJ)


Vol.I Issue II

SSSSSo You Wo You Wo You Wo You Wo You Want to Build a Model Sant to Build a Model Sant to Build a Model Sant to Build a Model Sant to Build a Model Shiphiphiphiphip

In the last issue we had a look at howto get started in building model ships.In this issue we are going to startdiscussing some of the basic tools thatyou need. Well continue in futureissues with more tools.

Contrary to what most people seem tothink before they get started in buildingmodel ships, you do not need a lot oftools to get started. There are somebasic tools that you will have in yourtool box that you will use for everybuild you do. The rest, you canaccumulate over time as you find youneed them. As well, there are many jigsand things that you can build to helpmake various tasks easier.

If theres one piece of advice that Icould pass on right here at thebeginning, its that you should shoparound. Not so much looking for thedeals (though that is important too),but rather for the quality. A goodquality tool will last you a life time (notto mention save money in the long runas well) and even if you decide not tobuild models it will remain in yourtoolbox ready to use for whateverproject you may need it for. Theresnothing worse than a chisel that canthold its sharpness. It can and usuallywill make a mess of the work you aretrying to accomplish giving you lessthan the desirable results.

Though I make mention of specifictools by specific manufacturers in thisarticle it is not to say that they arethe only ones out there that makegood quality tools. It is merely anextension of my experience with thetools I have come in contact with inthe brief time I have been modeling.

Lets get cutting

So where do we start? Most of thetools we will talk about you probablyalready have in your toolbox. The maindifference between what you havenow and what you need to build modelships is in their size for there are a lotof large scale tools that are useless toyou as a model builder merely becauseof their size.

One of the first tools you will need is aHobby Knife. They come in varyingsizes and shapes with a multitude ofdifferent blades.

Heres just a few:

The quality of your Tools can determinethe quality of your model!


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Hobby knives also come in a widevariety of price ranges and quality aswell.

For example, the Veritas Carvers Knifebelow is designed to use standarddisposable scalpel blades and evencomes with 12 razor-sharp high carbonblades.

They can be purchased at any wellstocked hobby shop or craft store at areasonable price.

While there, (you didnt travel all thatway just to pick up one of these saws,right?) you may as well also pickup amiter box. A very handy item to have.A lot of modelers will develop their ownstyle of miter box tools over time (seeissue I of the MSB Journal Jigs &Things for an example).

In the next issue we will examine acouple of more tools for yourworkshop.

Veritas Carvers Knife

For the basic price of this knife you canpick up two or more of the above kits.However, over time, you will find that it isa reasonable price to pay for a tool ofsuch quality. Made of anodized aluminum,it features a solid brass Collette whichmakes changing blades a breeze. The ovalshape of the handle means that its notgoing to go rolling around your workbenchor off it onto the floor, or even worse,into your leg!

More cutting

There a time and a place to use theproper cutting tools to do the job, soanother tool youll need is a Razor orJewel Cutters Saw. These too come invarying sizes and price ranges. One of themost popular saws with modelers seemsto be those made by X-acto.

X-acto Razor Saws

New Period Ship Handbookby Keith Julier

A completely revised edition of thePeriod Ship Handbook, originallypublished in 1992. The basic modelinginstructions have beencomprehensively updated and nine ofthe eleven model projects are brandnew, as are all the color and black andwhite illustrations. New models includeHMS Victory and the Victorys Launch,the Lady Nelson, the Clara May andHMS Mars.

Available at our online storewww.modelshipbuilder.com


Vol.I Issue II

HalifaxThis month on the cover of The MSB Journal we are featuring a model kit by Bob Hunt atLauck Street Shipyard LLC.

The Halifax kit is Lauck Street Shipyards second true plank on frame kit in theCraftsman style. The kit is based on the plans drawn by Harold M. Hahn with hispermission. It isa stylized kit and is not meant to be an exact replica of the actual ship.

Some changes in the ships design were made to enable lesser experiencd modelers theopportunity to build a true plank on frame model without the need for special power tools,lots of shop space or considerable model shipbuilding experience. However, these changesdo not take away from the beauty of an admiralty style model.

Here are some of the notable features of the Halifax true plank on frame kit:

1/4" scale (approximately 14" long) 11 sheets of original printed plans Includes plans for rigging Fittings includes resin cast parts Brass belaying pins Full color practicum, printed and bound 2 photo CDs included All parts CNC milled Hahn style building jig included Deadeyes and brass to make chainplates included

The price for this kit is $650.00 plus $30.00 shipping and handling.

Cant afford to buy the kit outright? Not to worry. Lauck Street Shipyard also offers apayment plan which is rather unique in the modeling industry. Simply make minimumpayments on your model of $100.00 at your convienience until its paid in full and thenthey will ship your kit to you.

To learn more about this true plank on frame kit go to www.lauckstreetshipyard.com

Be sure to drop Bob a line and let him know how you found out about his site.


Vol.I Issue II

Frame Lofting PracticumFrame Lofting PracticumFrame Lofting PracticumFrame Lofting PracticumFrame Lofting PracticumPart II

A simple method that will allow you to loft frames for a built-up ship ModelClayton Johnson http://claytonsships.blogspot.com

The first thing that you will have to do when coming up with frame tracings if you haventalready through your research, is to establish the thickness of your frames, from the inside ofthe hull to the outside. Many times your plan will give you at least a hint of frame thickness. Otherwise you may just have to look at general practice. In the case of the Wasa plans thatare available right now, you are given several cross sections that denote thickness.

If you examine the frame drawingsabove, they show the frames as beingthe same thickness at the samerelative lavational point. I used thedeck levels for this determination sincethe frames seemed to stay thesame thickness at each deck line eventhough the decks slope up towards thestern and up less obviously towardsthe bow. You will need to study yourplans and figure out these relationshipsbefore you start drawing. At the leastyou will need to figure out a fewreference lines as to where you aregoing to make thickness measurementsand determinations. Notice how I drewin red lines to denote where I tookcommon frame width measurementsfrom. All of this will fit in to ourdiscussion in a minute.

For the purposes of this practicum, Iam going to show you how to draw aframe at the bow of the ship wherethere is a lot of bevel because of thehull shape changing rapidly. These arethe tougher kinds of frames to drawsince, at the middle portion of theship, the bevels almost disappear andthe frames are square.

In the above picture I have drawn thered lines along my deck referencepoints just to show you how one partof the plan corresponds to another.And to show you as well where, on thehull line diagram, that we are going tobe drawing our frame. Notice it is inbetween hull section #38 and#40. (you may have to click on it toget a larger version)

Notice in the framing diagram on thenext page that we came up with in thelast section based on our knowledge ofshipbuilding practices of the time, thatbetween section #38 and section #40,there are four frames. They arenumbered 86 through 89. You can clickon this picture in order to get a larger,more detailed view.

Image Courtesy of Statens Maritima Museerand drawn by Eva Marie Stolt



Vol.I Issue II

In the above picture I have drawn thered lines along my deck referencepoints just to show you how one partof the plan corresponds to another.And to show you as well where, on thehull line diagram, that we are going tobe drawing our frame. Notice it is inbetween hull section #38 and#40. (you may have to click on it toget a larger version)

Notice in the framing diagram on thenext page that we came up with in thelast section based on our knowledge ofshipbuilding practices of the time, thatbetween section #38 and section #40,there are four frames. They arenumbered 86 through 89. You can clickon this picture in order to get a larger,more detailed view.

So, between hull sections #38 and #40on the hull shape diagram we needto put four frames. This is achieved intwo steps. First, since most plans havetheir hull shape lines on the outside ofthe planking, we need to subtract thewidth of the outside planking and add

The second step is actually taking thedistance between the two new linesthat you drew on your plan anddividing it up equally throughmeasurement so that there are fourlines that will denote the outside edgeof each of the frames between thetwo hull section lines. Notice in thebelow diagram, since I started from themidship section and worked forward,the aft line that subtracts the plankingthickness will not be an outside edgeof a frame in this series. It was theforward, outside edge in the last seriesof frames between hull sections #34and #38. Notice in the below picturehow almost every section is divided upin this way since this picture wastaken after all of the frame tracingswere drawn.


a line on the inside of section lines #38and #40 that denote the outsidesurface of the frames. The thickness ofthe outside planking at the scale that Iam working at, and hence the amountof space that I had to move the linetowards the inside of the shiphappened to be about 3/32".


Vol.I Issue II

I divided the distance between hull lines up in many different places using a ruler, madetick marks on the division lines, and then connected them by hand.

The next step involves taking our plan with the divided up sections and placing it on thelight table. I like to tape the edges down so it doesnt go anywhere. Next, take a piece ofblank computer paper and lay it over the hull line drawing. Get this piece of paper whereyou want it and tape it down as well.

Then turn on your light table and draw in horizontal reference lines as you see themthrough the paper. These are denoted as VL lines on the plan.



Vol.I Issue II

Remember that I went over how I wasgoing to use the level of the deck inorder to reference my frame thickness?The levels of these decks are the nextthings that need to be drawn.

I apologize in advance for the chunky/uneven nature of these drawings. I didthe drawing in paint so that I couldgive you a clear digital image andpresent the main concepts.

The frame tracing at the end of thissection is much better and will be mostlike what your end results will be.

Now, for the next step, we need toremember what frame we are on.There were four frames in between hullsections #38 and #40. These framesare numbered 86 to 89. For thispracticum we are going to draw frame#88. This means that we have to lookat the third line in our sequence thatdivides the space evenly betweenthese hull sections. This is becauseframe #88 is the third frame in thissequence.

In order to start actually drawing theframe, we start by tracing this thirdline from the beginning of thesequence as is shown below. Noticealso, the centerline of the frame isdrawn on the diagram at the center ofthe keel.

Now, for the next step, we need toremember what frame we are on.There were four frames in between hullsections #38 and #40. These framesare numbered 86 to 89. For thispracticum we are going to draw frame#88. This means that we have to lookat the third line in our sequence thatdivides the space evenly betweenthese hull sections. This is becauseframe #88 is the third frame in thissequence.


Vol.I Issue II

In order to start actually drawing theframe, we start by tracing this thirdline from the beginning of thesequence as is shown below. Noticealso, the centerline of the frame isdrawn on the diagram at the center ofthe keel.

Now, it is time to draw in a bevel.Remember that we are at the bow ofthe ship and on the port side. Alongthe floors, the hull is coming up andalong the sides of the ship the hull isturning in. We show this by placinga dotted line to represent our bevel atthe location of what will be the veryaft outside edge of the next frame. Orin other words, it will be at the nextline that divides the space betweenhull sections #38 and #40.

Next, we need to remember our framethicknesses at the reference lines thatwe designated for them. Measure alongeach reference line to the thickness ofthe frame, remember that in this casethey were the levels of the decks, andmake a tick mark on the inside edge ofthe frame. Do this along each of yourreferences. Now you will have theinside edge of the frame once youconnect your tick marks. Additionaltick marks can be made between thereferences by going back andmeasuring your cross sectionreferences. This will give you more toguide your hand as you connect yourtick marks.

Next we want to add the inside bevel.To represent this, we draw a dottedline along what will be the inside aftedge of the next frame


Vol.I Issue II

Now, it is time to draw in a bevel.Remember that we are at the bow ofthe ship and on the port side. Alongthe floors, the hull is coming up andalong the sides of the ship the hull isturning in. We show this by placinga dotted line to represent our bevel atthe location of what will be the veryaft outside edge of the next frame. Orin other words, it will be at the nextline that divides the space betweenhull sections #38 and #40.

It is important to realize that for theother side of the ship, the bevels forthe counterpart frame will be to thesame degree but will be decreasing/increasing on the opposite side.

The below picture shows the locationsof the ends of the framing membersdrawin in red. In order to get these welook at our framing diagram and notethat the top of the second futtockends right below VL 10, the bottom ofthe top timber ends slightly above VL8, the top of the first futtock and thebottom of the second futtock is rightaround VL 5, and the wronghead orend of the floor timber is around VL 4.

Next we want to add the inside bevel.To represent this, we draw a dottedline along what will be the inside aftedge of the next frame.


Vol.I Issue II

Now, we can turn our light table offand our frame tracing is complete.

use traditional frame lofting methods orsimply use the Charles Davis methodthat is outlined in the next section andshape your cant frames to the moulds.

When all of your frame tracings arecomplete, you will have the fun partright in front of you: using them.

I first cut each frame tracing out.Then I traced a framing member, suchas the floor timber, on a billet. Thisbillet had to be slightly thicker than,and the same kind of wood as thedesired result. Next, I cut the framingmember out on the scroll saw. I thentook the framing member and put itthrough my thickness sander to get itto the desired dimension.

I went through this process on all ofmy framing members from the bow tothe stern. There are 8 framingmembers in a frame on my model and92 frames. This comes out to 736framing members! There areactually more if you count the fashionpiece, hawse timbers, and filling piecesthat go between the fashion piece,hawse, and the first full frames.

The above picture shows the framestill on the light table and the belowpicture shows it as a scanned image.Click on either to get a bigger, moredetailed view.

Now, repeat this process with all ofyour frames and you will have a fullset of frame drawings for your model!

It should be mentioned here that ifyour model is unlike the Wasa in thatit has cant frames, you will not beable to draw them using the methodoutlined thus far. You may have to

On the keel of my model, I drew in hullsections and positions of floor timbersfor reference as they were on myframing plan. If you click on the abovepicture you may be able to make outsome of the lines on the top of thekeel. The most obvious thing aboutthis picture is that there arepine moulds cut to hull lines at properlocations along the keel. These were


Vol.I Issue II

The next picture shows a view towardsthe stern of the ship looking into thehull before another mould is added. Youcan see that due to the preliminarywork of drawing our framing diagramand frame tracings, our frames needlittle sanding and sit with a smooth runfore and aft on both the inside andout.

installed by drilling small holes in thekeel and the moulds, inserting smallnails and gluing them down with cyanoacrylate. Then, before the glue dried,it was made sure that they weresquare to the keel and straight up anddown by checking with buildingsquares.

You will also notice that there is pinelath going from one mould to the other.This is to ensure that the outsideedges of the frames were controlled soas to be placed in the proper location.This is a version of the Charles Davismethod that he describes in his book,The Built-up Ship Model.

Besides being a great method, itcoincidently ended up approximatingthe way that the real ship was framed.The Wasa was framed in the Dutchmethod which entailed planking thevessel before laying in framingmembers. Also, on the lath is markedlocations of top timbers taken directlyfrom my framing diagram.

The next picture shows the framingoperation in a more advanced state. Iwas a little surprised that the bevels Idrew on my frame tracings ended upworking so well when it came tomatching the slope on the lathbetween moulds and frames. Noticehow I am pulling the frames that werejust glued in close to the lath thatcontrols them with c-clamps. Also,how I used a regular repeating patternin the woods that I selected forframing. I varied the woods and used arepeating pattern so that the solidparts of the framing would showdiscern framing members. The selectionof woods that you will use will have todo with the visual objective that youhave for your model.


Vol.I Issue II

And the completed framing.....

In the next issue of The MSB Journal we start another multi-part practicumby Clayton Johnson on Carving.


Vol.I Issue II

The Great Lakes Model Boat Association

MODEL EXPO 2007To be held at the Kitchener City Hall

in Kitchener, Ontario Canada

June 30 - July 1.

This event is held every 2 years. The2005 event attracted 117 entries.

Hosted by the Golden Triangle MarineModellers, the event is open to all shipmodels whether scale or R/C.Categories include, Naval, Pleasure,Working, Sail, Ships-in-a-Bottle,Standoff Scale, Miniatures (1/500 andsmaller), Submarines. More categorieswill be added if required.

Each of these categories is brokendown into Kit, Semi-Kit andScratchbuilt groups with First,Second and Third place awards.

There will be a Best of Show Award,Peoples Choice Award, and a BestExample of R/C Animation Award.

There will be narrated scale runningexhibitions on the City Hall reflectingpool Saturday and Sunday.

For more info please contact:

Jack Kipfer - Ph: (519)884-0960

Bob Farrant (905)270-0874

Address: GLMBA, 559 Killbear Court, Waterloo Ont., N2V 2R9

Email- [email protected]

Have an event? Let us know.


Vol.I Issue II

BobcaygeonFUN FLOAT

Saturday, July 7, 200710:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.

Riverview ParkMill St., Bobcaygeon

Across from Forbert Pool

A Fun Day for All Types ofScale Ship Models

Come and participate in a greatday for scale ship models,

sailboats and submarines in agreat location. Parade ofShips, regatta course forthose interested in trying

Precision Sterring andPredicted Log, lunch Barbecue.

For more information contact:

Dan SinsteadPh: (705) 738-1335

email: [email protected]


Vol.I Issue II

Clubs & Organizations with a Web Presence

Each month we display a list of clubs and organizations from around the world which you may finduseful in your modeling. You will find everything from general modeling clubs to websites where you canpursue research on projects you are working on. You can check at the MSB website for a morecomplete list (www.modelshipbuilder.com/resources/links.html).

Confederation Marine Modelers

www.simplesite.com/confederationmarinemodelers

A remote control model boat club located in Hamilton, Ontario Canada.Meetings held the second Tuesday of each month at the Hamilton Steam Museum onWoodward Ave.

For more information contact: Doug Grinyer [email protected]


Vol.I Issue II

SSSSShips from the Phips from the Phips from the Phips from the Phips from the Pastastastastast

Contemporary illustration of theArmada campaign of 1588. Theship centre right is thought tobe Revenge

Early 17th century actionbetween Spanish and Dutchships. The Spanish vessel(center) is probably similar tothe Apostle class.

Ships such as this one often frequented thecoastal waters around the island ofNewfoundland on a seasonal basis during the17th and 18th centuries. Ship detail from aFrench woodcut of unknown origins. In1710, a similar scene appeared on theHerman Moll map of North America with theEnglish description, A VIEW OF A STAGE &ALSO YE MANNER OF FISHING FOR, CURING& DRYING COD AT NEWFOUNDLAND.


Vol.I Issue II

Jigs & TJigs & TJigs & TJigs & TJigs & Thingshingshingshingshings

This issue we have a few more helpful jigs & things for your workshop.Most of which you can build yourself. Again, this month they come fromMr. Hubert Sicard at Model Ship Building For Dummieswww.shipmodeling.net.

Here we have a simple office carosel which youcan pick up in most stores that have an officesupplies section. Great for storing your basictools and thing.

Heres another handly little setup that Hubert calls The Crab. Its great for when you areworking on the rigging of your model.


Vol.I Issue II

After acquiring Artesania Latinas San Francisco kit and reading the brief description ofthis galleon on the box, I quickly developed an interest in both Spanish galleons and theArmada of 1588. Over the next couple of weeks I searched the internet in vain forinformation on the San Francisco. I was surprised to find virtually no information on thisparticular galleon, or others that participated in the Armada.

After conducting some research and reading several books (see the bibliography at theend of this article) I was able to accumulate details about this ships relatively briefexistence. It is a compelling story that you may find interesting whether or not you planto build this model or are interested in maritime history.

Being a brief description of a Spanish galleonduring the Spanish Armada of 1588

By: Clayt Rakes

Galleon SGalleon SGalleon SGalleon SGalleon San Franciscoan Franciscoan Franciscoan Franciscoan Francisco(aka Florencia)

The Spanish Armada of 1588 (also knownat the Invincible Fleet or the Enterpriseof England), was a fleet of over 100 shipsand vessils sent out by King Phillip II toinvade England. Due to multiple opposingfactors such as the type of weponry andtactics used by each side and extremeweather conditions the invasion fleet failedand only about 70 ships returned to Spain.The San Francisco was an activeparticipant in this fleet, and her history isan intersting one. What follows is what Ihave been able to piece together fromEnglish language publications. It is nosurprise that there are many publicationsin Spanish on this same topic; yet, I wasnot able to procuce a reliable translationfrom any of them.

The galleon San Francisco began herexistence as the Florencia, in fact sometexts refer to her by that name for herentire career. The Florencia belonged tothe Duke of Tuscany, who was using her totake advantage of the spice trade thatwas disrupted in 1585 by the siege ofAntwerp. After arriving in Lisbon in 1586

the Florencia was held by Spanishauthorities, and eventually impounded inmid-1587. While being held in Lisbon manycaptains and admirals visited the Florencia,some of who commented on her 52 brassguns and admired how well she wasconstructed. After being requisitioned, theFlorencia was re-named San Francisco (orSan Francesco) and added to Duke ofMedina-Sidonias Squadron of Portugal.


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The type of guns the San Francisco mostlikely carried is an interesting point. Duringthe late sixteenth century naval armamentproduction included the use of materialssuch as cast iron, brass, bronze, andwrought iron. Unlike many other Europeancountries, Spain was still usingpredominately wrought iron guns on itsships. These were made of iron rods orstrips that were held together with ironbands. If the San Francisco had brass (orbronze) guns it would have been quitemodern by Spains standards and it wouldhave been thanks to the investment of theDuke of Tuscany.

In addition to the guns, the carriages thatwere likely used are of interest. A typicalperiod British ship would have been using afour-wheeled carriage. This is because bythe end of the 16th century manycountries, such as England, were beginningto move away from boarding tactics to afocus on standing off and battering theenemy. Spain, which still considered usinga broadside of heavy gunnery as a briefand preliminary action prior to boarding,was still using two wheeled carriages.These looked mildly similar to contemporaryfield artillery pieces and were difficult toaim and reload on a ship. But it is possiblethat if the Duke of Tuscany had investedin modern guns for the Florencia, he wouldhave also insisted on four-wheeledcarriages.

Most sources note that the SanFrancisco carried 52 guns, this numberwould have included all armament fromswivel guns to the largest cannon.Whatever type of guns the SanFrancisco originally carried, by the timeshe took part in the Armada 1588 shemay not have possessed all of her

original armament. This is because theArmada was so short of guns that it wasordered that they were to be taken fromwell-appointed vessels and redistributedthroughout the Armada.

During her participation in the Armada, theSan Francisco was sailed by CaptainBartoli, who also sailed her for the Duke ofTuscany before the Spanish impoundedher. The San Francisco was commandedby Captain Gaspar da Sousa. UnlikeEnglish ships of the period, Spanish shipswere under the control of the commanderof the soldiers not the mariner captain.As mentioned, the San Francisco sailed aspart of the Squadron of Portugal.

Many resources agree that the SanFrancisco was one of the best, if not thebest, constructed and armed galleon in theSpanish Armada of 1588. She is known tohave taken an active role in many of theArmada battles, and performed notablywell. After the Armadas return bothCaptain Gaspar da Sousa and Medina-Sidonia commented on how well and oftenthe San Francisco participated in thefighting. One resource points out thatMedina-Sidonia wrote a letter to the Dukeof Tuscany commending the San Franciscoand how well she performed.


Vol.I Issue II

Following the failure of the Armada, theSan Francisco returned to Santander(Spain), with nine other ships including theflagship. Unfortunately, the San Franciscowas so damaged that she was salvaged forguns and lumber, then left to rot on theshore. Her Captain Bartoli died thefollowing day, presumably from woundsacquired during action against the English.

Some sources (treasure ship books usually)claim that the San Francisco (orsometimes the Florencia) sank inTobermory Bay on the Isle of Mull,Scotland where she was sheltering fromthe storm that destroyed so many ships ofthe Armada. Some claim she sunk as aresult of the magazine being fired byraiders looking for pay chests or by localsmad at the Spaniards for refusing to payfor food and water that they had taken.An Armada ship did sink in Tobermory Bay,but it was more likely the San Juan deSicilia. The San Juan de Sicilia wasformerly the Brod Martolosi, amerchantman embargoed by the Spanish in1586.

Maritime history would not be the samewithout the excitement and mystery thatsurrounds the galleon. Many countriesproduced galleons, but Spanish galleonstend to be singled out and romanticized inboth fact and fiction. The San Francisco isjust one window into this fascinating partof our shared history; but it is an excellentexample of this unique ship.

The galleon San Francisco:

960 tons52 guns, which would include swivel guns,etc.400 solders86 crew

Bibliography:

Primary References Used:- State Papers Relating to the Defeat of theSpanish Armada, 1588, by: John Knox Laughton(ed)- The Confident Hope of A Miracle, 2005, by: NeilHanson- The Armada, 1959, by: Garrett Mattingly- Papers Relating to the Navy During the SpanishWar, 1897, by: Julian S. Corbett (ed)- Armada Guns, 1962, by: Michael Lewis- The Spanish Story of the Armada, 1899,by: James Anthony Froude- Spanish Galleon 1530-1690, 2004, by: AngusKonstam and Tony Bryan- The Armada Campaign 1588: The GreatEnterprise Against England, 2001, by: AngusKonstam- Artillery Through the Ages, 1949, by: Albert C.Mancucy- A History of Firearms, 1955, by: W. Y. Carman

Pictures

1. "English Ships and the Spanish Armada August1588" Unknown artist2. Typical Spanish naval gun of the time. SpanishGalleon 1530-1690, Konstam3. Sixteenth-century engraving of a Spanishgalleon by Albrecht Drer.4. "Defeat of the Spanish Armada 8 August 1588"by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg 1796


Vol.I Issue II

SSSSSailing Sailing Sailing Sailing Sailing Ship Righip Righip Righip Righip Rig

The sail plans of sailing vessels were many and varied. Beside differences in originaldesign, a ship might undergo a number of changes, depending upon the whims of herowner, captain, or builder, the trade she was used in, or local traditions. These changeswere introduced to improve sailing qualities and to provide a rig that could be handled bya smaller crew, thus paying higher returns to shareholders.

Graham McBrideMaritime Museum of the Atlantic

Sailing ship rigs can be divided into two broad categories: the foreand aft rig (left), in which the sails lie along the same plane as theships fore and aft line; and the square rig (right), in which the sailsare rigged athwart (across) the ship. Each rig had certainadvantages.

The silhouettes of vessels overleaf represent different rigs of shipson the east coast of North America during the mid 1800s to theearly 1900s, a period in marine history often referred to as thegolden age of sail.

The Fore & Aft Rig

The fore and aft rig, or schooner rig, required only a small crew, and was generally usedin the coastal and fishing trades. Ships with this rig could point higher into the wind andwere usually more maneuverable when working in the changing winds along the coast.The rig was not limited to coastal schooners, and big fore-and-afters could be seenplying across the Western Ocean bound for European ports, the West Indies, or SouthAmeri

Sloop A fore and aft rigged vessel with one mast is a sloop. In theearly 1800s some large sloops traded with the West Indies, but mostsloops in the 19th century were small inshore fishing vessels. In the20th century, sloops became the most popular rig for yachts.

Grand Bank Fishing Schooner Schooners have two ormore masts with fore and aft sails. Similar to the famousBluenose, our example, in addition to all the normal lowersails, carries a main gaff topsail and a fishermans staysailset between the masts.


Vol.I Issue II

Two Masted Fishing Schooner in winter rig. Her topmast andall light upper canvas have been struck, and sent ashore.

Square Topsail Schooner a combination of fore and aft sailsand small square sails. They were popular for coastal trading inthe early 1800s. Prince Edward Island built a number of topsailschooners and many were sold in Great Britian. A version withraked masts, called the Baltimore Clipper, was much favoured byprivateersmen in the War of 1812.

Coastal Schooner, the work horse of our coastal trade. Shewas probably not much more than a hundred tons, and carriedeverything from timber and coal to bricks, general cargo, and aload of hay to offshore island communities. Our schooner isshown with only a main topmast, but many also carried a foretopmast. Note the yawl boat towing astern.

Ketch A two masted sailing vessel where the mizzen mast isahead of the rudder. The rig is similar to a schooner but themain mast (the tallest mast) is the first mast, not the secondmast. Ketches were common in 19th century Europe but rare inNova Scotia until they became very popular for yachts in the20th century.

Four Masted Schooner shown at anchor. This designattempted to reduce individual sail area, raisetonnage, and still manage with a small crew. In theearly days sails were hoisted by hand, but graduallythe gasoline hoisting engine was introduced, savingwork, wages, and food. She could operate with eighthands, and reached 500 to 700 tons. At the turn ofthe century these schooners were used in the coastaltrade between Canada and the United States, theWest Indies,

South America, and some trans-Atlantic voyages were made to Europe and West Africa.Nova Scotians built and operated between seven and eight hundred big schooners, butby World War I most had passed out of the picture. Along the New England coast anumber of five and six masted schooners were built, plus one seven master, the steelhulled Thomas W. Lawson.


Vol.I Issue II

Tern Schooner a three master built in great numbers allalong our shores between 1880 and 1920. These vesselswere cargo carriers of between 200 and 400 tons,requiring a crew of six to eight. Our Tern is shown withall sails set except staysails between the masts. As theyears went by these softwood vessels would becomewaterlogged, sails would wear out, and spars break.With the inroads made by the steamer, the oldschooners were hard pressed to find a cargo. A few didsurvive until World War II.

The Square Rig

The square rig was normally an offshore rig used by vessels making long ocean passagesand taking advantage of the prevailing wind and current patterns of the globe. Theseships varied in size from the small handy brigantines and brigs of a couple of hundred tonsto the great full rigged ships and barques of over two thousand tons. The square rig wasalso seen in the coastal trade, where brigs plied their trade up and down the easternseaboard.

Brigantine, a two masted vessel square riggedon the foremast, with fore-and-aft sails on themainmast. The drawing shows a typical Bluenosesoftwood vessel of about 220 tons, similar to theSpencers Island built Amazon which later becamethe famous mystery ship Mary Celeste. Thebrigantine is shown with two staysails setbetween the masts.

Brig, a two masted vessel square rigged on both masts.The brig is a very old and efficient sailing rig, and theclass was still in use up to the very end of commercialsailing ships. Only a few brigs were built in Nova Scotiayards, but they were very common in European waters.

Barquentine, a vessel with the foremast riggedsquare, and the other masts rigged fore and aft.Our vessel is similar to the Maid of England of 750tons built at Grosses Coques in 1919. She was thelast Canadian commercial vessel to carry a squarerig, being abandoned at sea in 1928. Only a smallnumber of this type were built locally.


Vol.I Issue II

Barque or Bark , usually a three mastedvessel, the fore and main masts squarerigged and the mizzen mast or after mastrigged fore and aft. The four masted barquewas a relatively common rig on the oceans,but only two were built in Canada. The JohnM. Blaikie was launched in 1885 at GreatVillage, and the Kings County launched in1890 at Kingsport. The barque was apopular rig, and more of this type were builtthan all other square rigs combined. The big

Maitland barque Calburga was the last British North American square rigger of large tonnageto be on the Canadian registry; she was lost off the coast of Wales in November 1915.

Full Rigged Ship, square rigged on all masts. Staysails could be set between the masts.Outboard of the square sails might be set studdingsails, and above the royals (uppermostsails) might be set sails with such names as skysail, moonraker, Trust to God, or AngelWhispers. The ship William D. Lawrence, built at Maitland N.S. in 1874, was the largestwooden sailing ship ever built in Canada. Towards the end of their careers some shipswere reduced to barque rig. Many were sold foreign and many others simply were lostwithout trace or abandoned at sea.

Within the decade of the 1890s and the early 20th century the disappearance ofthe British North American square rigger was swift. Iron, steel and steam, plushigh insurance rates and low freights caused most owners to dispose of theirfleets. For some years they tramped the oceans of the world under foreign flags,until finally giving up.


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12 13 14

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22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31 32 33

34 35 36 37 38 39

40 41 42 43 44 45

46 47 48 49 50 51

52 53 54 55

56 57 58 59 60 61

62 63 64 65 66 67 68

69 70 71 72 73

74 75 76

77 78 79

Shipmates of the Old Navy

Across1 Sweet herb6 Getaway9 ... two if by __

12 Large fleet13 Square measure14 Calf meat15 Butchers assistant, in the old Royal Navy17 Dinghy necessities18 Arabs outer garment19 Allow20 Brother of Artemis22 Gambling mecca24 Astern27 Oklahoma city28 Ships captain, in the old Royal Navy31 Drench34 Push, as in a crowd37 Electrified swimmer39 Hear ye!40 Yuck!41 Once around the field43 Spike of corn45 Always, to Burns46 Three-time Vardon Trophy winner Foster48 Decompose50 Range of mountains52 Exchanges for money54 Ships cook, in the old Royal Navy56 Philosopher __-tzu

57 The sun58 Take five

62 Repress, as feelings65 Timber tree68 __ will be done69 Verbalized70 Ships carpenter, in the old Royal

Navy74 Full of zest75 Farm biddy76 Unit of electric current77 Northern deer78 Possess79 Kind of drum

Down1 Payola, for example2 Capital of Jordan3 Film director Peckinpah4 Pastoral composition5 Load up, as a ship6 Resinlike substance7 Noahs boat8 Flat tableland9 Ships know-it-all, in the old Royal

Navy10 Viscounts superior11 Likewise12 Slightly open14 Black magic16 WWII beach21 Launch area23 Frequently, in poetry25 Fixed charge26 Bonsai, for one29 Whole schmear30 Rend32 Crystal-ball gazer33 Pound who wrote The Cantos34 Earthenware bottles35 Fairy tale monster36 Yarn-spinning oldster, in the old

Royal Navy38 Endure42 Seedcases44 __ de Janeiro47 In a willing manner49 Besides51 Goof53 Former French coin55 Applaud59 Old anesthetic60 Divvy up61 Printed characters62 Tender63 Russian mountain range64 Resound66 Whirlpool baths67 Sacred song71 Cut down, as a tree72 Hostelry73 Tax pro: abbr.


Vol.I Issue II

A Little Trivia

WHICH BLOCK GOES WHERE?By Gene Bodnar

The average sailing ship modeler installs hundreds of blocks on a typical model. If themodeler is building from scratch, much time is expended in making them to scale andplacing them in their proper locations in the rigging.

There are many varieties of blocks, with one reference listing more than fifty differenttypes. Some blocks serve a very specific purpose and can be found only in certain areasof a ship. The following list contains fifteen of them. Can you match the block with itsproper location on a ship?

1. ___ Sister block 6. ___ Tack block 11. ___ Cat block

2. ___ Top block 7. ___ Crowfoot 12. ___ Heart

3. ___ Bee block 8. ___ Monkey block 13. ___ Deadeye

4. ___ Spring block 9. ___ Dee-block 14. ___ Rack block

5. ___ Jewel block 10. ___ Waist block 15. ___ Bollock

A. Amidships on the bulwarks.B. Connected to a ringbolt.C. At the end of the main and foretop yards.D. At the anchor.E. On either side of the bowsprit.F. At the lower end of a shroud.G. On the bowsprit for leading running Lower yard.H. Bolted in a channel to reeve a lift.I. Over the clew of a sail.J. At the tackle pendants of the topsail yards.K. At the center portion of a topsail.L. At a suspended awning.M. On the side of a mast cap.N. At a stay.O. Attached with a strap and swivel to a gear.


Vol.I Issue II

Answers for last Issues Crossword Answers to Which Block GoesWhere?

1-J, 2-M, 3-E, 4-B, 5-C, 6-I, 7-L,8-O, 9-H, 10-A, 11-D, 12-N, 13-F,14-G, 15-K

We started counting all the uses for thislittle dynamo, but we stopped at 967. Welike it for delicate tasks and finer workbecause it isnt as powerful as its bigbrothers, so its easier to control. Its light,extremely maneuverable, the switch isexactly where you want it and heck, its justplain fun to use.

Dremel 750-02 Minimite13,000 RPM, 2 speed4.8V Lithium CordlessRotary Tool

Designed for precisiondrilling, sanding, shaping anddetailing. Small and compactat only 6-1/4 in. long, theMiniMite goes anywhere,anytime and is both fun andeasy to use.

Availailable through our store:www.modelshipbuilder.com


Vol.I Issue II

Contibutor PicturesContibutor PicturesContibutor PicturesContibutor PicturesContibutor Pictures

In this issue we decided to add a little section to display pictures ofsome of the models that you have built. You can submit your picturesto: [email protected].

In this issue well start with a group of pictures that have been sent tome by my good friend Philip Eisnor of Coldbrook, Nova Scotia Canada.Keep this in mind, these are just ones he built over the past year! Idlike to complete one a year! :-)

HMS Neptune

Half Moon

La Couronne


Vol.I Issue II

Half Moon

And last but definitely not the least a picture of a model built by Philipsfather in 1942 of their yacht at the time the Mist.

Wed love to display some pictures of your models here. You can sendthem to [email protected].


Vol.I Issue II

Frigate Rigged - PrivateerFrigate Rigged - PrivateerFrigate Rigged - PrivateerFrigate Rigged - PrivateerFrigate Rigged - Privateer

Plan XXXVI from Fredrik Henrik af Chapmans Architectura Navalis Mercatoira. Highresolution graphics can be downloaded at www.modelshipbuilder.com/resources/the-msb-journal.html

Frigate Rigging

Info from English Translated Index

Plan XXXVIRigging: Frigate RiggingGuns on deck: 20 - 6 pd shotQuarter & Forecastle: 2 - 4 pd shotSwivel Guns: 32 - 3 pd shot

Length between perpendiculars of stem andsternpost: 116 2/3Moulded Breadth: 30 2/3Draught of water abaft: 14 1/4Height of Gunports above water atmidships: 4 3/4Pair of oars: 7

Documents

Msbjournal April 2007