Genetic Info.Deadline for Unit: _________________1. Screencast Unit D # 1,2,3 ______

2. Lab – Strawberry Shortcake ______

3. WB Story – story board DNA replication ______

4. Biotechnology Project ______

5. Journal Prompts ______

i) First assessment reflection – what are the gory details? Was it solid, were YOU prepared? What rattled you and why?

ii) Flip Report Card – Pass or Fail. Why? Has it changed your learning patterns, if so how?

iii) Re-set – where your original goals realistic for you? Have you stuck to them? Are taking the steps needed to make your success happen? Do you need to re-set your goals? Are your efforts sincere? YOUR level of commitment to YOUR success? What has been your downfall? Has this journal done anything for your life? Anything to add?

Unit - part 1

Key Ideas:

1.

2.

*Vocab.

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Q? 4 U – Compare a chromosome to a gene.

* Functions of DNA

1.

2.

3.

DNA Terminology

What do genes code for?

Human Genome

DNA’s full name?

Let’s Draw!

DNA’s nucleotides.

Bases – 2 types.

Putting it ALL together! TA DA

Can you?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Unit D- part 2

Key ideas:

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Vocab.

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Why does DNA need to replicate?

Cells divide……

Overview of PROCESS.

1. Unzip

2. Add these new nucleotides.

3. Complementary base pairing.

Important!!

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Steps – AGAIN!

1.

2.

3.

Putting it ALL together!?!

Watch it...

DNA is

Can you?

1.

2.

3.

Unit D – part 3.

Key ideas:

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Vocab.

1.

2.

3.

Creating a Transgenic Organism

What happens?

What is a transgenic organism?

Putting it ALL together – AGAIN

Plasmid?

DNA goes where?

Recombinant DNA -defined as…

Examples.

1.

2.

3.

Re-cap…

Compare DNA to RNA.

Can you?

1.

2.

3.

DNA Isolation from Strawberries/Kiwi/Bananas

Materials per student group• 1-3 strawberries (about the volume of a golf ball). Frozen strawberries should be

thawed at room temperature OR half of a small banana OR 1 kiwi• 10 ml DNA Extraction Buffer (soapy salty water)• 20 ml ice cold 91% or 100% isopropyl alcohol• 1 Ziploc TM bag• 1 beaker• 1 piece of cheese cloth with elastic band• 1 coffee stirrer or transfer pipet

Directions1. Remove the green sepals from the strawberries OR peel the banana OR peel the

kiwi2. Place strawberries/banana/kiwi into a Ziploc TM bag and seal shut.3. Squish for a few minutes to completely squash the fruit.4. Add 10 ml DNA Extraction Buffer (soapy salty water) and squish for a few more

minutes. Try not to make a lot of soap bubbles.5. Filter through a piece of cheese cloth into a beaker to collect the liquid. Do not

squeeze the cheese cloth. Collect about 3 ml liquid.6. Add 2 volumes ice cold isopropyl alcohol to the liquid in the beaker by pouring

the isopropyl alcohol carefully down the side of the tube so that it forms a separate layer on top of the liquid.

7. Watch for about a minute. What do you see? You should see a white fluffy cloud at the interface between the two liquids. That’s DNA!

8. Spin and stir the coffee stirrer in the tangle of DNA, wrapping the DNA around the stirrer.

9. Pull out the stirrer and transfer the DNA to a piece of paper towel. The fibers are thousands and millions of DNA strands.

10.To view in a microscope, put the glob on a clean slide and gently tease/stretchapart using 2 toothpicks or dissecting pins. The fibers will be easier to see in theteased-apart area.

11.Compare your DNA with the DNA of a group that chose a different fruit. What did you notice?

12. Rinse your beakers. Put the Ziploc TM bag and cheese cloth into the garbage.

BiotechnologyA Multimedia Journey

In the day and age that we live, biotechnology is a very hot subject. Topics such as stem cells, genetically modified food and designer babies are things that people used to only be able to read about in science fiction novels. In 2012 most of these “farfetched ideas” are an actual reality. It is almost impossible to read the newspaper or watch TV without hearing about one of these topics. The range of biotechnology is astounding and unfortunately we do not have enough time in class to really delve into them. Your project will do just that.

Here is what your project entails:

1. Prepare a team of individuals between 1-3 people.2. Ask a question, what puzzles you what intrigues you, what do you want to know more

about?3. Pick a topic either from the supplied list or something else approved by me.

a. Genetic engineeringb. DNA fingerprintingc. Gene Therapyd. Cloninge. Genetically Modified Foodf. Stem Cellsg. Transgenic Animals h. Reproductive Technologies

4. Inform me of your topic and team on or before ___________________. 5. Obtain relevant information about your topic (2000-present)

Be sure to include:a. The topic that you pickedb. What is it?c. How does it/can it affect human life?d. Is it dangerous?e. Miscellaneous interesting information that you findf. Future Implications to society.g. Moral questions or concerns?

6. Prepare an interactive presentation/activity to give to the class. Your presentation must:

a. Be interactive with your audience.

b. Hold audience attention.

c. Polished and of presentation quality.

d. Interest you.

e. NOT be a power point. NOT a cut and paste of words from the internet.

f. Innovatve, creative and unique.

7. You must also hand in a journal entry that explains your topic and your OPINION

Due _____________

Name:_________________________________

Biology 12- The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

1. Define the following terms, IN YOUR OWN WORDS

Complimentary base pairing

Purines

Pyrimidines

Replication

mRNA

Transcription

Codon

rRNA

tRNA

Anticodon

Polysome

Recombinant DNA

Mutagens

Translation

Ribosome

Genetic Code

2. All nucleotides are made of the following three parts:

3. In RNA, the base ____________ is replaced with the base _______________.4. Mix and match the following bases with their correct partner for base pairings:

1. Purine A Adenine2. Pyrimidine B Cytosine3. Adenine C Guanine4. Guanine D Purine5. Cytosine E Uracil6. Thymine F Thymine7. uracil G pyrimidine

5. DNA replication is called ____________________________ because each new double helix is made of an old strand and a new strand.

6. A mutation is a change in he sequence of ________________________ within a DNA molecule.

7. During transcription, DNA serves as a _______________________ for mRNA formation.8. DNA carries a ________________________; every three bases stand for one amino acid.9. Each tRNA has an _______________ at one end and a specific _____________at the

other.10. A person with PKU has a defective______________________ so that phenylalanine

cannot be converted to tyrosine.11. The nucleolus is a concentration of a nucleic acid called ____________________.12. The "backbone" of a strand of DNA (i.e. the poles of the DNA "ladder") is composed of

_______________________________ and _____________________________ held together with _______________bonds.

13. The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are composed of __________________ held together with _______________________.

14. List 3 differences in the structure in RNA, compared to the structured of DNA1.2.3.

15. Fill in the following table:DNAmRNA G G U G U A A U UAnticodonAmino Acid

16. Ribosomes are the site of _____________________________________. Ribosomes are composed of _______________________ subunits. Ribosomes are made up of __________________________ and ______________________.

17. Protein is produced during the process called____________________________. This process has three main parts:

18. _______________RNA is produced having bases that are _____________________ to the bases in DNA. Thus, it is said that DNA serves as a ________________ for mRNA production. Three bases on a length of mRNA are called a _____________________, and code for one _______________________________.

19. _______________RNA molecules bring _________________________ to the ribosome during translation. The ___________________________ of the tRNA is complementary to the codon of the mRNA.

20. Environmental factors that cause mutations are called _______________________. Mutations might also cause _____________________________________ in offspring if the ____________________ cells of the parents are affected, or might cause ___________________________ in the individual if the ________________ cells are affected.

21. Three chemical mutagens are:

22. Three radiation mutagens are:

23. Put phrases 1-6 in the correct order to describe protein synthesis:1. mRNA is produced in the nucleus2. ribosomes move along mRNA3. DNA has a code4. Polypeptide results5. tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes6. mRNA moves to ribosomes

ANSWER: _______________________________

DNA: The Molecule of HeredityWhat is DNA?

• Deoxyribonucleic acid• Is a type of nucleic acid• What chromosomes (and genes) are made of• Made up of repeating nucleotide subunits• 1 nucleotide looks like:

2 strands so bases can pair up

Strand 1 Strand 2

Shape is a double helixo Double helix: 2 spirals wound around each

other

NitrogenousBase

Deoxyribose Sugar

Phosphate Group

4 types: Adenine (A) – Purine Ring

Guanine (G) – Purine Ring

Cytosine (C) – Pyrimidine

Phosphates + sugars on the outsideBases on the inside (Bases fit like puzzle pieces)

Chargaff’s Rule In DNA, A = T C = G

DNA is complementary Complementary: bases on

one strand match up with the bases on the other strand (A-T and G-C)

Example: Strand 1- ATG GGC Strand 2- TAC CCG

Codon: Group of 3 bases

o Rosalind Franklin took an X-ray photo of DNAo James Watson and Francis Crick interpreted the

photo and discovered the double helix structure (They won the Nobel Prize and are known as the fathers of DNA)

Genes: stretch of DNA that codes for a traito The code is the order of the bases (letters)o Genes are hundreds or thousands of bases longo The genetic code is a sequence of DNA

nucleotides in the nucleus of a cell.

Replication Process by which DNA copies itself Happens in s phase of interphase Semiconservative replication:

Each new piece of DNA is made up of 1 old strand and 1 new strand

**A mistake in DNA Replication is called a Mutation.

DNA never ever leaves the nucleus DNA is the master copy of the

directions a cell needs to live so it needs to be protected

Eye color gene DIMPLES GENE

Hair color gene

Original DNA DNA Unzips

DNA in the cytoplasm can be destroyed

Each original Strand grows a new strand

RNA • RNA is a copy of DNA that goes out into the

cytoplasm to tell the cell what to do in order to stay alive

• RNA: ribonucleic acid• You can always make more RNA so it’s ok if it gets

destroyed (You can’t make more DNA!!!)

DNA in the nucleus is safe

DNA in the cytoplasm can be destroyed

DNA RNA

How many strands?

2 1

Nucleotide subunit

Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugarBases Thymine (T)

Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Cytosine (C)

_______(U)Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Cytosine (C)

Phos-

phate Group

Deoxyribose Sugar

Nitro-genBase

Phos-

phate Group

Ribose Sugar

Nitro-genBase

T – AG – C

U– AG – C

Transcription Definition: RNA is made from 1 gene in DNA The type of RNA made is called mRNA (messenger RNA) because it

sends a message from DNA to the cytoplasm

Transcription o Unzip one gene in DNA o Match up bases to one side of gene in DNAo mRNA detaches from the DNAo mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm

Practice: DNA: GAG AAC TAG TAC AAT ACC TAT CGG GGG CAT

RNA: ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____

mRNAmRNADNA

Nucleus

Cytoplasm of cell

Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA is used to make a protein

Then the mRNA that has been made moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm

Transcription happens in the nucleus An RNA copy of a gene is made.

How does mRNA tell the cell what to do? mRNA is a message that codes for a protein Proteins are made in the cytoplasm and then work to keep the cell alive Translation (protein synthesis): process of making a protein Proteins are made up of amino acids (small building blocks) There are 20 different types of amino acidsProcess of Translation

Genetic Code Code that matches codons in mRNA to amino acids on

tRNAs

tRNAAmino acid

Anticodon (3 bases on tRNA): Matches up to codons on mRNA

4. Protein (chain of amino acids) and detaches from ribosome and goes off to work in the cell.

3.Transfer RNA (tRNA) decodes the mRNA and brings the amino acids to build up the protein.

2. mRNA attatches to a ribosome

1. mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Mutation a change in the DNA sequence It’s a mistake that’s made during replication or transcription Can be harmful: diseases or deformities helpful: organism is better able to survive neutral: organism is unaffected If a mutation occurs in a sperm or egg cell, that mutation is passed onto

offspring If a mutation occurs in a body cell, that mutation affects only the

organism and is not passed onto offspring

Types of mutations1. Point mutations: Bases are mismatched

Harmful when: a mistake in DNA is carried into mRNA and results in the wrong amino acid

2. Frameshift mutations: bases are inserted or deleted• Are usually harmful because a mistake in DNA is carried into mRNA

and results in many wrong amino acids

3. Chromosomal mutations chromosomes break or are lost during mitosis or meiosis broken chromosomes may rejoin incorrectly almost always lethal when it occurs in a zygote

Causes of mutations mutagens: anything that causes a change in DNA examples: X rays, UV light, nuclear radiation, asbestos, cigarette smoke