[Economic Survey Ch8] Agriculture and Food Management

1. India’s rank in Agro production2. FYP Achievement: Agro3. Crop Seasons4. National Monsoon Mission5. Sugar6. Ethanol Blending Program7. Edible Oil8. Agro input9. Fertilizers: NIP 2012

10. Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS)11. Irrigation12. ICAR: programs13. Procurement14. Missions

1. National Food Security Mission (2007)2. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture3. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (2007)4. Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (2011)5. ISOPOM6. National Horticulture Mission

15. Kisan Credit Card (KCC)16. Agro Insurance17. Agro Marketing18. Radiation application in Food processing19. ATMA20. National Dairy plan (Phase-1)21. FOOD MANAGEMENT

1. FCI2. Decentralized Procurement Scheme3. Open Market Sale Scheme (Domestic)4. National Food Security Bill5. International Co-op

22. Conclusion23. Timeline24. Mock Questions

India’s rank in Agro productionIndia ranks in production of

1. Milk,

First

1. Milk,2. Pulses3. Jute And Jute-Like Fibres4. Tractors

Second

1. Rice,2. Wheat,3. Sugarcane. (Brazil is first)4. Groundnut,5. Vegetables,6. Fruits7. Cotton Production

10th in agricultural and food export

FYP Achievement: AgroPlan Agro growth Actually achieved (%)9th 2.510th 2.411th 3.6

FYP Targets

Under both 11th Five year plans and 12th Five year plan, government wantedaverage annual growth of 4 per cent in the gross domestic product (GDP) fromagriculture and allied sector.But 11th Five year plan period, what we actually got was just 3.6%= 11th FYPtarget for Agriculture growth = not achieved.

Agro Employment

Agriculture, including allied activities= ~14 per cent of the GDP (2011), buttheir share in total employment ~58 (2001 Census). Meaning, Agriculture’s rolein the country’s economy is quite crucial.As the country develops, the share of agriculture in its GDP decreases. But still,India needs fast agricultural growth for jobs, incomes, and the food security.

Crop SeasonsWhat When?

Kharif Rice, cotton, maize and jute Sowing-june july.Harvested in Sept-Oct

Rabi Wheat, Pulses Sowing in Oct-NovHarvesting February-March

Zaid Fruits and vegetables Summer seasonApril-May-June

National Monsoon Mission

performance of Indian agriculture is still heavily dependent on rainfall and southwest monsoon (June to September)And Last few years haven’t been good in terms of rainfall.More than 50% cultivated area in India depends on monsoon =>advanceinformation about monsoon =very imp.Earth System Science Organization (ESSO) under Ministry of Earth Scienceshas initiated the National Monsoon Mission during the 12th Five Year Plan.This will improve the reliability of monsoon forecasts help government to takenecessary policy / administrative steps to support farmers and food management.

Sugar

India is the largest consumer of SugarIndia is the second largest producer of sugar after Brazil.Sugar and Sugarcane are essential commodities under the Essential CommoditiesAct 1955.But Indian sugar sector suffers from policy inconsistency and unpredictability.Whenever there is big hue and cry over inflation, government would ban sugarexport and allow duty free import of sugar. Due to this type of unpredictability inprices, over the years farmers have reducing growing sugarcane.For long, experts have demanded that Sugar industry should be deregulated andgovernment should come into the picture only in situations where absolutelynecessary.In this regard, Government had setup Rangarajan committee to look into thederegulation of Sugar industry. Entire report discussed in old article click meRangarajan is the Chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the PrimeMinister. (also known as PMEAC=PM’s Economic advisory council).

Ethanol Blending Program

Ethanol is produced from Molasses (=by product of sugar industry)

2007 Government allowed sugar companies to directly produce ethanol fromsugarcane juice.

2008National Policy on Biofuels announced.

phased implementation of ethanol blending with petrol.

1st Dec2012

This was the deadline for starting ethanol blending.

1st July This is the new deadline for ethanol blending.

2013More on ethanol blending, discussed in old article, click me

Edible Oil

Though India is the largest producers of pulses in the world. However, 50 percent of its domestic edible oil requirements are met through imports.Within imported edible oil, majority is palm oil, palmolein and soyabean oil.

Why large import of Edible oil?

In the recent years, although domestic production of oilseeds = increased but stillnot sufficient to meet demand.competitive prices of edible oils in the international marketDuty on imported edible oil is very low.Suggestion: India should have independent tariff policy on edible oil. Increaseimport duty and utilize that money for oilseeds development programs.

AGRICULTURAL INPUT

Seeds

Farmers typically rely on farm-saved seeds. But over use of such seeds = pooryield.Controversies surrounding GMO and Bt-brinjal.

Mechanization

India is the world leader in tractor production with over 5 lakh tractors producedannuallycommercial banks reluctant to extend loans for bullocks. This has naturally ledto an increase in farm mechanization.Problem: farm mechanization has so far been biased in favor of tractors (=needbig farm) and been concentrated in irrigated-command areas (Punjab, Haryana,UP etc.)Small and marginal farmers in rainfed areas= ignored.Majority of farmers in India have small and marginal landholding. Therefore, itis uneconomic for them to individual own tractor, thrasher, combined harvesteretc. agricultural machinery.Government needs to setup custom-hiring centres/high-tech machinery banks tohelp these small and marginal farmers.There is also scope for introducing small machines that might be useful to meettheir needs.

Fertilizer

80% of our urea demand met through domestic production.But for potassic (K) and phosphatic (P) fertilizer, we largely depend on imports.

Fertilizers: NIP 2012

government has notified the New Investment Policy 2012 (NIP-2012) in the ureasector.It will encourage investments in brownfield and greenfield projects.increase in domestic production capacityreduce import dependencereduce govt. expenditure on subsidy.ensure the long-term availability of gas required for expansion andgreenfield/brownfield projects.If gas prices increase, thenIn the event of increase in gas prices provisions are made in the policy to protectthe interest of investors. It+ government is implementing direct cash transfer to the farmers for purchase offertilizer, seeds etc.

Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS)

Indian farmers use too much urea because 1) govt. gives subsidy hence its cheap2) lack of awareness. But for optimal crop production, you need to use variety offertilizers and not just Urea. So government came up with Nutrient BasedSubsidy scheme.Under this scheme, Government gives subsidy on each grade of phosphatic andpotassic (P&K) fertilizer depending upon its nutrient content.Government also give additional subsidy on secondary and micro-nutrients.Farmers pay only 58 to 73 per cent of the delivered cost of P&K fertilizers; therest is borne by the Government of India in the form of subsidy.Manufacturers/marketers are allowed to fix the maximum retail price (MRP)=>prices of these decontrolled products have double.But urea is not covered under the NBS scheme and government continues toprovide subsidy on urea separately. Result=> farmers are relying more on Ureathan on the new P&K fertilizers.So, while government had expected that NBS scheme would reduce the Ureaconsumption but actually reverse has happened.

Irrigation

Central Water Board 45Initiate, coordinate schemes for Flood control,irrigation, drinking water supply etc. withstate Governments.

CAD Mid70s

Command Area Development program.To bridge the gap between irrigation potentialcreated and utilized.

National perspective plan

NPP 80 Interlink rivers to transfer water from watersurplus basins to water deficit regions.National water Development agency to carryout survey research work for this.

National waterresources council 83 PM is the chairman

National water board 90

Headed by Secretary, Water resourcesministry.Reviews the progress in National water policyand reports it to the National water resourcescouncil.

AIBP Mid-90s

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme(AIBP)Central government provides assistance toStates for finishing the incomplete irrigationschemes.Command Area Development Programme hasalso been amalgamated with the AIBP

Artificial recharge toground water throughdug wells

2007

In seven states

1. AP2. Mah3. Kar4. Raj5. TN6. Guj7. MP

Agriculture Research and Education

ICARIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)Basic and applied researchMainly on problems of rainfed areas.

SAU

State Agricultural Universities (SAUs)Generating required manpower for agro research, assistance.applied and researchmainly on local problems

At present, India spends ~0.6% of its agricultural GDP on research and

Development.For achieving 4% agro-growth target, R&D spending must be increased, atleast2-3 times of current level.

ICAR: programsNationalAgriculturalEducationProject

Improvement in Higher Agricultural EducationUpgrade quality in State Agricultural Universities.

NationalAgricultureEntrepreneurshipProject

Self explanatory

Farmer FIRST To enhance farmers–scientist contact via Krishi Vigyan Kendra

Student Ready

Rural Entrepreneurship and Awareness DevelopmentYojana (READY) As you can see entire phrase is inEnglish except last word “Yojana”. Word Yojana is addedonly to get the alphabet “Y” so it’d become a catchy phrase“readY”. These bureaucrates will do anything to harass anaspirant with these stupid schemes with catchy names.Anyways, this “Student Ready” is a one-year compositeprogramStudents who are pursuing their studies in various branchesof agriculture will have to undergo rural awareness workexperience to get hands on experience on the marketingskills etc. so they can become an entrepreneurs aftercompleting the course.

NICRA National Initiative on Climate Resilient agriculture.CR Dhan 701 Rice hybrid for irrigated and shallow lowlands.ASPIRE Agriculture Sciences Pursuit for Inspired Research ExcellenceGaruda Engine operated weeder for rice intensification.CIRCOTminicard A machine for cottonyarn production

KIRAN

Knowledge information repository in agriculture for North East.(if our bureaucrates put more time in actual work rather than indesigning such catchy terms and phrases for the schemes thenNorth East would have became Switzerland by now.)

Agri-InnovateIndia ltd.

Corporate platform for ICAR.To commercialize agro technologyTo provide agro-consultancy in India and abroad.

Weather cock Software package designed by ICAR.To understand climate change impact on crop performance.

Cattle breeds

BinjhapuriGhumsuriKhariarMotu

Buffalo breeds BanniChilika

SheepMuzaffarnagari sheep usually produces single lamb, butICAR has developed selective-breeding to produce twinsand triplets.

Goat ICAR has improved the milk yied in Jakharana breed ofgoats.

Pigs ICAR has done crossbreeding of Hampshire and Ghungroopigs.

The breeds of cows, buffalos, goats, pigs etc. are endless but above data is given inIndia 2013 Yearbook, hence important.

ICAR: Fisheries

Wallago attu Fresh water catfish.ICAR has developed technology for storing it.

Rohu, catla Fresh water fishesICAR has developed techonology for storing it.

ICAR did the nutrient profiling of clam, crab and prawn and indicated that crabhas a superior nutritive fat profile.Mahseer and trout= coldwater fishes.Saprolegnia is a pathological fungi that infects these cold water fishes (Mahseerand trout).ICAR found that herbs like Kali sarson and Lemon grass can be used to inhibitthe growth of that fungi.

Procurement

In each season, government,

1. Announces Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) for major agricultural commodities

1. Announces Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) for major agricultural commodities2. organizes purchase operations, through FCI, cooperatives etc. to ensure that

prices do not fall below the MSP.

Government of India decides the MSP after getting inputs from

1. Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)2. views of state governments3. view of central ministries

MSP is announced well ahead of the sowing season so that farmers can takeinformed decisions on cropping. (especially before elections).In last few years, government has substantially increased the Minimum supportprices for many crops. (and some economists blame this for the rising foodinflation).On behalf of government, FCI procures the foodgrains but if FCI makes anylosses, then it is fully reimbursed by the central government.This has led to substantial fiscal stress on the government.

The government also implements a Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) on the requestof states/union territories (UTs) for horticultural and agricultural commodities,generally perishable in nature and that are not covered under the PSS

Missions

Agriculture is a state subject.Therefore, increasing agriculture production= primarily the responsibility ofstate government.And the central government supplements the efforts of state governmentsthrough centrally sponsored and central-sector schemes.

National Food Security Mission (2007)

was launched in 2007-8 with three major components, viz.

Components Target=Increase production by ___ million tones at the end of 11th

FYPNFSM-Rice 10NFSM-Wheat 8

NFSM-Pulses 2

+Restore soil fertilityEnhance farm-level economy,employment opportunities;

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

One of the eight missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC)ensuring food security, enhancing livelihood opportunities, and contributing toeconomic stability at national level

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (2007)

To make State governments increase State plan Expenditure on agro + alliedsector.

Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (2011)

under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana( RKVY)Intends to address the constraints limiting the productivity of ‘rice basedcropping systems’ in eastern India comprising seven states, viz.

1. Assam2. Bihar3. Chhattisgarh4. Jharkhand5. Odisha6. Eastern Uttar Pradesh7. West Bengal.

Rainfed Area Development Programme

under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana( RKVY)focus on small and marginal farmers and farming systems.

ISOPOM

Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm, and MaizeProvides assistance for purchase of seeds, chemicals, equipment etc.During Twelfth Five Year Plan, it is proposed to replace this scheme with a newMission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm.

National Horticulture Mission

ensuring forward and backward linkages through adopting a cluster approachcreating value addition and better delivery mechanism to consumers through acold chain system, a National Centre for Cold-Chain Development (NCCD)

Kisan Credit Card (KCC)

Started in ‘98For short and medium term loan.+ insurance in case of accidental death / disability.Revised in 2012 : Now old KCC passbook will be replaced with an ATM-cum-

debit card.Farmers were granted post-harvest loans against negotiable warehouse receiptsat commercial rates.the benefit of interest subvention has been extended to small and marginalfarmers having KCC

Agro Insurance

1. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS): By Agriculture InsuranceCompany of India Ltd.

2. Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme: to insure farmers against adverseweather incidence

Challenge: Need to refine the current crop insurance system for unavoidableclimatic conditions and pest epidemics.

Agro Marketing

Model act

Government of India prepared a model Agricultural Produce Marketing(Development and Regulation) (APMC) Act in 2003.many of the states are yet to adopt the Model Act uniformly.

DMI

Directorate of marketing and inspection.It is an attached office under Agri ministry.

AGMARK

Agricultural produce (Grading & marketing) Act, empowers central Governmentto notify rules for quality and grades of agro produce.The standards notified under this act = known as AGMARK.AGMARK is voluntary in nature.

FDI

Farmers’ access to markets is hampered by poor quality roads, lack of coldstorage, rudimentary market infrastructure, and excessive regulation.Therefore government allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brandretail and it’ll help in….(this tape has been repeated 50000 times so I’ll notfinish the sentence).

Radiation application in Food processing

By Department of atomic energy

Dose of

PlaceDose ofradiation Preservation of

BRIT’s Radiation processing plant @NaviMumbai high Spices

BARC’s KRUSHAK (Krishi UtpadanSanrakshan Kendra) Near Nasik low Onion, pulses, rawa

and turmeric.

ATMA

Agricultural Technology Management Agencies (ATMA)Extension system of State agricultural departments is the weakest link in thechain between research and the farmer.Large number of vacancies of extension workers in the State AgricultureDepartmentATMA is central Government’s effort for State extension reforms.

National Dairy plan (Phase-1)

With assistance from World BankCabinet approved it in 2012.Produce 150 million tons of milk by 2016-17.

FOOD MANAGEMENT

The main objectives of food management are

1. Procure foodgrains from farmers at remunerative prices,2. Distribute foodgrains to consumers at affordable prices (especially poors and

vulnerable sections of society via Targetted public distribution system =TPDS)3. Maintain food buffer stock for food security and price stability.

FCI

Food Corporation of India (FCI).It is the nodal agency to procure, store and distribute foodgrains.It procures foodgrains, mainly for the targeted public distribution system (TPDS)and other welfare schemes of the Government e.g. Antyodaya Anna Yojana(AAY), Mid-day meal, Integrated Child Development Service, Annapurna etc.Challenge: storage capacity = not good= wheat, rice gets rotten and becomesunfit for human consumption.

Decentralized Procurement Scheme

Introduced in 1997Under this system, State governments themselves producre and distributefoodgrains (instead of via FCI).

Open Market Sale Scheme (Domestic)

FCI procures foodgrains mainly for distributing to poor via PDS shops.However, FCI also sales wheat and rice in the open market from time to time toenhance market supply of foodgrains and to offload its surplus stocks.

Now let’s look at some schemes (Government schemes= goldmine minefield forMCQs).

Mid-Daymeal

Scheme is implemented By HRD ministry.But Department of food and civil supply (under Ministry ofConsumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution) provides thefood grain requirement.

WBNP

Wheat based nutrient programUnder Integrated child Development schemeScheme implemented by Ministry of Women and ChildDevelopment.

EFP

Emergency Feeding programTo provide food to old, infirm, destitute BPL under distresscondition.Launched in mid 90s, for some districts in Odisha (KBK region).

NSAP

National social assistance programIn mid 90s.To fulfill article 41 under DPSP (right to work, education andpublic assistance in certain cases).It contains following components

1. Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS),2. Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS),3. Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS),4. National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS): to BPL family, for

death of primary breadwinner.5. Annapurna (food).

TDPS

Targeted Public distribution system.Started in late 90sInitially, to provide 10 kg food grain / per family / monthNow amount increased to 35 kg per BPL and AAY family permonth.

AAY

Antyodaya Anna YojanaStarted in 2000Find poorest of poor families in BPL (covered under TPDS)

Find poorest of poor families in BPL (covered under TPDS)And give them wheat @Rs.2/kg and Rice @Rs.3/kg

Annapurna

Started in 2000By rural Development ministry.For senior citizen who are not getting pension under NOAPS(National old age pension scheme).Annapurna gives them 10kg food grain per person per month.Later it was merged in the National Social Assistance Programme(NSAP).

Villagegrain bank

Initially By Tribal affairs ministry (now transferred to Dept ofFood and Public distribution)During natural disaster or lean season, the marginalizedhouseholds don’t have money to buy ration.They can borrow food grains from the village grain bank.Village grain banks are setup in food scare areas like droughtprone, hot/cold desert, tribal and hill areas.

SABLA

Not again, man this is becoming so damn clichéd.Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for empowerment of Adolescent girls.SABLA implemented by Ministry of Women and ChildDevelopment. (not by HRD ministry or social welfare ministry)SABLA is created by merging earlier two schemes : Nutritionprogram for adolescent girls + Kishori Shkati Yojana.Target: girls aged 11-18100 gms of foodgrain per day per girl for 300 days in a year.

National Food Security Bill

Dec2011

Introduced in Lok Sabha.It aims to covere of 75% of the rural and 50% of the urban populationfor subsidized foodgrains under the Targeted Public DistributionSystem,+additional support to women, children, pregnant and lactating mothers,homeless, those affected by disaster etc.Bill was referred to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Food,Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution for examination.

Jan2013

Parliamentary Standing Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs and PublicDistribution submitted its report to the Speaker Mira Kumar (kripya bethjayiyeTM)

Issue: We need not just food security but also “nutritional” security.Therefore, Government needs to increase both per capita availability offoodgrains + right amounts of horticulture and protein rich items in the food

foodgrains + right amounts of horticulture and protein rich items in the food

basket of the common man

International Co-op

45 FAO

Food and Agriculture Organizationspecialized agency of the United Nationsgood nutrition and food security for all.HQ: Rome, Italy

60s WFP

World Food Programme (WFP)food assistance branch of the United Nations,headquarters in Rome, Italyprovide food to victims during war, civil conflictand natural disasters and afterwards.

2000-15 MDG

Millennium Development goals.Total 8 goal and first is: removing poverty andhunger.

2007SAARCFoodbank

provide food security to the people of SAARCregion.Member states maintain reserve of either wheat orrice or combo of both.

Conclusion

In the green revolution belt (Punjab-Haryana) there is over-exploitation of waterresources, overuse of fertilizer. This has led to soil erosion, soil salinity, waterlogging.Pace of agricultural growth in the eastern and north-eastern regions has beenslower than in the rest of the country.India has failed to meet its 4% agro growth target under 11th FYP.India faces stiff challenge of feeding its growing population.India will have to invest heavily in farm research, rural infrastructure, agrocredit, irrigation, seeds-fertilizer, farm mechanization etc. to achieve that 4%target.

Timeline1985 Mid-day meal (as per India 2013 (yearbook) chapter on food and civil supplies.1986 WHEAT BASED SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION Program under ICDS1990 Watershed Development for rainfed areas

1995 Emergency feeding programNational social assistance program

National social assistance program

1995 Mid-day meal (as per India 2013 (yearbook) chapter on education.1997 Targeted PDS1998 Kisan Credit Card2000 Cattle and buffalo breeding project2000 Antyodaya Anna Yojana2000 Annapurna2005 National Horticulture mission2006 National bamboo mission

2007 National food security missionRashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.

2010 SABLA2012 National Dairy plan phase 1 (NPD-1)

Mock Questions

1. India doesn’t rank first in the production ofa. Pulsesb. Tractorsc. juted. Cotton

2. India ranks second in production ofa. Riceb. Wheatc. Fruitsd. All of above

3. for ___ th Five year plan, the target for average annual growth in GDP fromagriculture and allied sector is ___ %

a. 11, 3.6%b. 12, 4%c. 12, 3.6%d. 11, 4.5%

4. What is the approximate share of Agriculture and allied activities in the GDP ofIndia?

a. 14b. 58c. 4d. 3.6

5. From this April to next april, what is the correct order of crop seasons?a. Kharif, Rabi, Zaidb. Rabi, Kharif, Zaidc. Zaid, Kharif, Rabid. None of above

6. National monsoon mission is launched bya. Earth System Science Organizationb. CSIR

b. CSIRc. ICARd. Meteorological Department

7. Which of the following is covered under Nutriend Based subsidya. Phosphatic fertilizersb. Potassic fertilizersc. Bothd. None

8. Which of the following program is not directly associated with ICAR?a. Farmer firstb. Student Readyc. NICRAd. Indian Monsoon Mission

9. Weather cock is a ____ designed by ____.a. Mechnical instrument, CSIRb. Mechnical instrument, Meterological Department.c. Software package, ICARd. Software package, CSIR

10. Banni and Chilika are breeds ofa. pigsb. buffaloc. sheepd. cow

11. Incorrect Matcha. Jakharana: goatsb. Ghungroo: pigsc. Muzaffarnagari: sheepd. Motu: Buffalo

12. ICAR found herbs like Kali sarson and Lemon grass beneficial for certain coldwater fishes. Because

a. they provide nutrition to the fishesb. they inhibt the growth of pathological fungi that infects those fishesc. they improve the reproduction rate those fishesd. None of above.

13. Which of the following doesn’t fall under State lista. Agricultureb. Agricultural researchc. irrigation and canalsd. Adulteration of foodstuff

14. National food security mission has three major components viza. Rice, Maize, Pulsesb. Wheat, Rice, Maizec. Rice, Wheat, Pulsesd. Wheat, Rice, Coarse Grainse. None of above

15. Which of the following state is not covered under Bringing Green Revolution toEastern India

a. Biharb. Chattisgarh

c. Jharkhandd. Odisha

16. Wheat based nutrient program is a part ofa. Mid day mealb. ICDSc. SABLAd. AAY

17. AAY is meant fora. Poorest of Poorb. APLc. BPL and BPLd. Widows and destitute

18. Target beneficiary of Annapurnaa. senior citizenb. childrenc. adolescent girlsd. pregnant and lactating mothers

19. Village grain banks are setup in the areas havinga. food scarcityb. surplus food grain productionc. genetic diversity in agricultural cropsd. none of above

20. Who implements SABLA?a. Women and Child Development ministryb. HRD Ministryc. Social welfare Ministryd. Rural Development Ministry

21. Who implements Annapurna?a. Women and Child Development ministryb. HRD Ministryc. Social welfare Ministryd. Rural Development Ministry

22. Who implements Mid-day meal?a. Women and Child Development ministryb. HRD Ministryc. Social welfare Ministryd. Rural Development Ministry

23. Among the following schemes, which one is oldest?a. Mid day mealb. TDPSc. AAYd. Annapurna

24. National food security bill was examined by Parliamentary standing Committeeon _____.

a. Agriculture and allied activitiesb. Financec. Social welfare and social justiced. Food, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution

25. National Social assistance program contains schemes that provide fora. pension to certain category of peopleb. money on the death of primary breadwinner in BPL familyc. food to certain category of peopled. all of above

By the way, Reminder to SBI PO aspirants: Tomorrow Do bring following for theexam

1. A photo id proof (driving license, voter’s card etc.) original + its xerox.2. call letter with your photo affixed on it3. Note your class 10, 12, college marks and parents’ income. You’ll need to fill it

up in the answersheet.

URL to article: http://mrunal.org/2013/04/economic-survey-ch8-agriculture-and-food-management.html

Posted By Mrunal On 27/04/2013 @ 22:12 In the category Economy