Name__________________________________

Mrs. Partsch’s Keystone PowerPoint Review1. Name the 7 characteristics of life

Topic 1-Biochemistry

1. Name 4 types of organic compounds2. What two elements do most organic compounds contain?3. Acids release__________ in water and bases release______________.4. Acid pH range- Bases pH range-5. Water is considered a ________________ molecule because it has a negative and

positive end. 6. Because water is polar it has special properties, such as

a. It is an universal_______________________b. When it freezes, the molecules have lots of space in them. It allows ice to

__________________.c. Water sticking to water (Belly flop!)__________________d. Water sticking to other substances (Meniscus) _______________________

7. Bonds between electrons where electrons are shared_____________________.8. Bonds between electrons where electrons are given away__________________.9. Monomers join together to make _______________through a process called

_______________________________ and they release___________________.10. Polymers break apart to form ____________________ through a process

called___________________, and they absorb ______________.

11. Fill in the following table

Macromolecule Elements Monomer/Polymer function drawing

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Protein

12. Words that end in - ase are usually _________________.13. Words that end in -ol are usually___________________.14. Words that end in -ose are usually__________________.15. Hydrocarbons are only made of______________________ .16. Write an equation, label the products and the reactants.

17. Biological catalysts (type of protein) that speed up chemical reactions are called____________________by reducing_____________________.

18. How do these molecules change after they speed up the reaction?19. Draw and label an enzyme, an active site, and a substrate.

20. What are the two environmental factors that can change the effectiveness of an enzyme?____________________________________________________

Topic 2-Cells and Cellular Organization

1. Name the three items that are contained in the inside of prokaryotic (bacterial) cells ____________________________________________________________________

2. The Endosymbiotic theory states that what two organelles were once their own prokaryotic cells and have their own DNA?________________________________

3. As a cell gets bigger the _____________________ grows faster than the ___________________.

4. Label the following organelles and describe their function

5. What organelles are missing from the cell above because it is an animal cell? What are their functions?

6. What is shown below? Where is it hydrophobic? Hydrophilic? Why do we have proteins imbedded in it?

7. What is the general level of organization of life? __________________

________________ ____________________ __________________

________________ ______________ __________________ _____________

8. How can facts lead to theories? 9. The _____________________variable is the result of changes in an experiment?10. You can only have one___________________ variable, otherwise the results of the

experiment would not be valid.

Topic 3-Cellular Transport

1. All molecules diffuse from areas of higher concentration to lower concentrations to reach a state of ___________________________.

2. Active transport requires ____________________, and move from areas of ____________ concentration to _____________________concentration.

3. Passive transport requires _________________________ and three examples of passive transport are ___________, _________________and ____________________.

4. The diffusion of water________________________.

5. Three examples of active transport are ___________________, _______________________, and __________________________.

6. Explain why water is moving in the given directions below.

7. A carrier protein/channel protein aids in ___________________________.

Topic 4- Cell Division

1. Name three reasons that cells divide_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe why these homologous chromosomes are not identical?

3. Mitosis creates ___ __________________ that are ____________________.4. Meiosis creates___ ___________________that are ___________________.5. Why do sex cells need to be haploid?

6. Label the cell cycle with the names of the phases and describe what is occurring during those phases. Make sure you label interphase!

7. Draw what is occurring during the following phases.

8. What do I mean by PMAT?

9. How many daughter cells are created? _______ How do they compare? Are they 1n or 2n?

10. Cytokinesis in animal cells creates a _____________________and in plant cells creates_____________________.

11. What is the name of the process that produces haploid cells?

12. How many chromosomes are in a haploid cell?

13. Are these cells somatic cells of gametes?

14. Draw what is occurring in each cell during the process of Meiosis?

15. Why do we want these cells to be different?

16. During Prophase 1, crossing over occurs. Why?

17. What are the two reasons that sex cells go through Meiosis instead of Mitosis?

18. When a homologous pair of chromosomes fails to separate, the mutation is called a _______________________. Name a disease that this can cause_________________.

19. Create a Venn Diagram comparing Mitosis and Mieosis using the following terms

Diploid cell, haploid cell, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase, cytokinesis, crossing over, 2 identical cells, 4 different cells, PMAT once, PMAT twice, Homologous chromosomes separate, creates cells with 46 chromosomes, creates cells with 23 chromosomes, sperm, eggs, prophase 1 and 2, metaphase 1 and 2, anaphase 1 and 2, telephase 1 and 2, body cells, gametes, somatic cells

Topic 5-Cellular Energy

1. Autotrophs are also called _________________________.2. Heterotrophs are also called _________________________.3. In the diagram below, what do the Ps stand for?

4. Label the following diagram

5. Write the Photosynthesis equation two ways_________________+_____________ ________________+_______________

_________________+_____________ ________________+_______________6. Name the two types of pigments that absorb sunlight?

7. Use the diagram below to explain water splitting, chemiosmosis, and the ETC.

8. The light independent reactions use the ___________________cycle.9. Write the cellular respiration equation two ways.

_________________+_____________ ________________+_______________

_________________+_____________ ________________+_______________

10. What kind of cells go through cellular respiration?_____________________________

11. Label the diagram below with the number of ATP that are created at each step. How many total ATP are created from one molecule of glucose?_____________

Topic 6-DNA

1. What are the three functions of DNAa.b.c.

2. Label the following nucleotide (monomer of DNA)

3. How would the labeling be different if this was a RNA nucleotide?

4. What are the base pairing rules for DNA? How are they different for RNA?

5. DNA replication is called semi-________________ because it creates two new strands of DNA that are identical?

6. If all cells in your body have identical DNA, how do they perform different jobs?

7. RNA is _______________stranded. Has three types _______________ ,______________and __________________.

8. Central Dogma of Biology- DNARNAProtein

Every three RNA bases create a _________________ that matches to an __________ that is brought to the mRNA strand by a __________________. The tRNA also brings an ______________ that forms a chain called a _____________________. The chain folds in on itself to create a ____________________.

9. Use the chart below to list the amino acids that would be created with these codons.AUG AUC CAA GUG

10. Which mutation below, is the most harmful, and which one least harmful, why?

11. Would a somatic mutation or a sex cell mutation cause more problems over all? Why?_________________________________________________________________

12. Label the following diagrams with DNA, chromatid, centromere, histone proteins, chromosome

13. Label the above diagram (#5) where you would find a gene?

14. Describe what is happening in each of the following chromosomal mutations.

15. Name two things that a DNA fingerprint can be used for________________________ and______________________________.

16. When a protein for a healthy gene is placed into a virus and then inputted into a person it is called__________________________________.

17. Name 3 things that scientist use genetic engineering fora.b. c. 18. Describe what is occurring step by step in this diagram.

Topic 7 –Genetics

1. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of Asexual ReproductionAdvantage-_________________________________________________Disadvantage-_______________________________________________

2. If Y=yellow pea plants and y=green pea plants, answer the following questions

a. What are the geneotypes and phenotypes for the following. Homozygous dominant_______________________Homozygous recessive_______________ Heterozygous_________________

3. What test cross would produce all heterozygous offspring? ________x________4. Label the following pictures as codominant or incomplete dominant

5. A person with O blood and a person that is heterozygous for A blood have a baby. What is the % chance that the baby will have O blood? Show your work.

6. Is blood typing polygenic? Why?

7. Would males or females be more likely to get a sex linked trait? ______________8. What % of girls would have Hemophilia in the punnet square below?___________

9. What are the genotypes of each person? The people that are filled in are affected with a recessive disorder.

Topic 8- Evolution

1. Charles Darwin researched and created the theory of evolution by______________________.2. Name the 4 steps of Natural Selection.3. Describe a situation that would cause each type of selection to the normal mouse population

below.

a.b. c. 4. Name three adaptations that a Cheetah has that enables it to be a top predator.

5. What is a limitation to determining species with the biological species concept?

6. Give an example of two organisms that have gone through convergent evolution.

7. Give an example of two organisms that have gone through co-evolution.

8. Give an example of an organism that humans have caused to go through artificial selection.

9. Name two things that can cause an organism to go through speciation.

10. How will the founder effect/bottleneck effect change future populations?

11. Name and describe the 7 items that provide evidence for evolution.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

Topic 9-Ecology

1. Fill in the following diagram

2. Fill in th following pyramid with the following terms; Autotrophs, Heterotrophs,

primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, quaternary consumers, 100% of energy, 10% of energy, 1% of energy, and .01% of energy

3. What is the difference between a food web and a food chain? In what direction must the arrows point?

4. Label the water cycle diagram

5. Label the carbon cycle diagram below with the words given.

6. Where is most of the nitrogen in our ecosystems? What happens if there is too much in body of water?

7. What happens when you have limited resources and two similar organisms are trying to survive in the same Niche?

8. Label the following pictures as mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism

9. How does a species become invasive?

10. What is the name of the process shown below?

11. What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?

12. Name three things we can do to stop global warming.

13. Why do pollutants become more concentrated as they move up the food chain?

14. If your garden is being eaten by insects, name two alternatives to pesticides.

because I believe in you!!!!!!!!