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Materiales Renovados, SL The content may not be

reproduced in whole or in part without permission. 1

THE TREATMENT OFRESIDUES BY PLASMA,DREAM OR REALITY?

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reproduced in whole or in part without permission. 2

Problematic of the residues:

Increase in number and complexity of

the residues.

Need of a sustainable management of

the residues. Order of preference:

reduction, reuse, recycling, energetic

use and landfill.

Need to guarantee the certain

elimination of dangerous waste.

Increase of legal requirements for the

waste management due to the sanitary

and environmental problems that

generate the processing facilities.

Social rejection to the processing

facilities.

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Solution: Plasma Converter System

The technology of plasma is known and widely used.

INNOVATIVE: his application to the treatment of resides.

Plasma Converter System generates an intense field of

radiant energy that induce molecular dissociation of solid,

liquids and gases.

To more than 5.000 C the organic molecules desintegrate

giving rise to a mixture of H2 and CO and inorganic vitrifiedmatter. Therefore ashes are not formed.

Obtained products:

- Synthesis gas: From organic matter, contains mixture of H2 and CO,

with traces of other elements.

- Crystal of silicate: From inorganic matter, material inert and vitrified.


reproduced in whole or in part without permission.

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Comparison between technologies

Deposit on a landfill

Identified and classified

residues that fulfill the

requirements of every

type of landfill.

It needs a big area with

specific geological

characteristics.

Only for residues in

which there isnt another

alternative.

Environmental problems.

Great social rejection.

Incineration

Identified and classified

residues to prevent

toxic emission to

atmosphere.

It generates ashes,

classified often as

dangerous waste.

Method of energetic

assessment if it is

connected to recovery

of energy system.

Environmental

problems.

Great social rejection.

Plasma Converter System

Effective even though the

residues to treat change

or exact composition is

unknown.

Sure and irreversible

elimination of dangerous

residues.

Low atmospheric

emission.

It has formed an inert

material: silicate.

Method of energetic

assessment that

generates goods of

value.

It fulfills environmental

requirements more strict

than the legal ones. Materiales Renovados, SL The content may not be


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Energy available vs Temperature in

the Plasma Converter System

The energy available

in the Plasma

Converter System

does not reduce at

the temperature fallunlike other

technologies.



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Incineration vs Plasma Converter

OPPOSITE PROCESS

Process of incineration Plasma Converter System

Spontane chain reaction. Difficult to control

Residue limited and clasiffied. Ashes and contaminated particles

emission It generates heat

Induced reaction. Easy to control.

Dont exist limitation in the type of residues,dont need to classify them. Obtaining of vitrified residue with industrial

applications. It produces syngas

ExothermicIts characterized for energy production.

Its generate energy

Heat

EndothermicIts characterized for energy absorption.

It consumes

electricity



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How does the Plasma

Converter System work?

The intensity of the plasma excites and breaks the

residual bonds, producing to him the " molecular

dissociation. "

It recycles residues, turning them commodities:

synthesis gas, metals and silicate.

Obtains important volumetric reductions of the

residues, of the order from 300 to 1.

It exceeds in several magnitude orders the currentenvironmental and safety requirements.



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Plasma Converter System

Process of five steps

Supply

SolidLiquidGas

Dissociation

Plasma is usedto destroymaterial intomolecular level in

a total andirreversiblemanner.

Neutralize and

final cleaning Cooling Filter

Stage 1

Supply

Stage 2

Dissociate

Stage 3

Cool

Stage 5

Neutralize and

final cleaning

Stage 4

Filter

Process of five (5) stepsFeedstockmaterial in

Synthesisgas(PCG)

Feed

System

Plasma

Vessel

Particlefilter

Silicate

Final

cl

eaning

Clean gasHeatRecoveryBoiler

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 5Stage 3 Stage 4



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Supply

Liquid feed system:

- Supply from barrels or

tanks.

-

Pump with pipeline oftransfer to the vessel.

- Measurement of the

injection flow in the vessel.

Solid feed system:- Pneumatic piston.

- Crushing mashine.

- A conveyor belt.

-

Solid screw .



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Vessel of Plasma Converter System

Feed system

PCG

PCG

PCG(Synthesis gas)

Metals, Glass and others

combined chemically in an inertsilicate. Not toxic silicate andwithout escapes

Atmosphere

Pressure

Materials basedin carbon,

separated andgasificated

Melt silicate:Metals (FE, AL, CU, ...)Glass (Sodium Silicate)Others (Silice, SiO2 , ... )

22.000 C

Plasma zone

(3.000 9.000 C)



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Construction of the vessel

Vessel

Vessel is outfited with a

refractory liner system.

Sealed. Negative pressure in

the operation.

Only one exit to the PCG and

vitrified silicate.

Exit of vitrified silicate

Extraction continues in a car

cooled by water.

Extraction for inclination.



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Types of plasma torch

TWIN TORCH

Non transferred andtransferred operation

SINGLE TORCH

Non transferred andtransferred operation



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Control System

The primary process control

is based in PLCs.

The program control andcommunication with the

remote I/O.

The control station is

centralized.

Computer system based in

human interface.

Monitoring of the processand recording video in real

time .



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Analysis of the PCG in real time

Synthesis gas

monitoring is

realized

continuously toassure his

composition.



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More energy produced than

consumed Waste, like MSW, medical waste, and industrial

waste; dangerous and not dangerous, that are rich

in hydrogen and carbon turn into components of a

fuel called Synthesis Gas.

For every unit of energy consumed by PCS for the

processing of waste, energy value contained in the

Synthesis Gas produced is four times higher.



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Energy balance Fuel derived from Waste

(Per Tonne)

MSW in

18,6 billion BTU5,450 MWh

Clean Syngas16,2 billion BTU

4,746 MWh

Sensible heat out6 millions BTU(~60% recoverable)

Electrical energy in3,6 billionBTU1,055 MWh

PLASMA

CONVERTER

SYSTEM

PCG energy out

= 4,5Electrical energy in Total energy in

PCG energy out

=87%

Treatment of MSW 2000 TPD Materiales Renovados, SL The content may not be


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Balance Graph

F M ( k m o l)

oC



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PCG constant composition

The composition of the synthesis gas remains practicallyconstant independently of the type of organic residue treated.



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Energy and volume of PCG

The volume of synthesis gas produced increases with thefraction of organic matter of the residue treated.



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Products of the process

Synthesis gas and vitrified silicate

Supply materials:

Solids, Liquids & GasesHazardous and Inerts

P

CG

Vitrifiedsilicate

Synthesis

gasELECTRICENERGY

HYDROGENPRODUCTION

CHEMICAL

PRODUCTS



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Gas to Liquid process

Gas to Liquid GTL process turns synthesis gas into ultraclean

liquid fuels.

With broad experience from the World War II.

Two types of products:

LIQUID HYDROCARBON

OXIGENATED

DIESEL

NAFTA

KEROSENO

METHANOL

ETHANOL

DME



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Gas to Liquid

Stage of the process

ADJUSTSYNGAS

COMPOSITION

SYNTHESISREACTOR

PURIFICATON

P

URIFICATON

FINALUSE

PCG

FINISHEDPRODUCT

Adjust syngas composition Synthesis reactor Purification

Adjustment of the

syngas composition tothe ideal conditions forthe reaction.

Catalytic reaction admits

multiple configurations forthe reactor, pressure andtemparture.

It increases the purityof the product

obtained up to theneeded level.



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Adjust syngas composition

Adjust the ideal

H2/CO/CO2 ratio for

the synthesis by

means:

Enrichment in H2 :supply H2 or

steam.

CO2. Removalsystem.

SYNTHESISGAS

STEAM

SYNTHESIS GAS

AMINESOLUTION

shift-conversion reactor

Stripper



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Chemical synthesis

Previous adjust of the

pressure and temperature.

Catalytic reactions:

Catalyst with metals as

active ingredient Fe/Cu/Co/Ni

Reactions:

(2n) H2 + nCO CnH2n+1 OH + (n-1) H2O

(alcohol production)

(2n+1) H2 + nCO CnH2n+2 + n H2O(paraffin production)

(2n) H2 + nCO CnH2n + n H2O(oleffin production)



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Improvement the product

Oxigenated hydrocarbons.

Purification of the product bymeans of distillation columns.

Liquid hydrocarbons.

Improvement the productcharacteristics

e.g. hydrocraking



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Closed system of recycling

CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH

HC

CH2

n

CH2

CH

CH m

H

C

CH2

n

CH2CH

CH

m



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Obtaining Hydrogen from

Synthesis Gas The ceramic membrane is a

technology for the separation and

purification of hydrogen.

The synthesis gas enters by a supply

pipe, pushing the hydrogen through

the ceramic membrane.

Then the hydrogen leaves by a exit

port, while the rest of the synthesis

gas leaves by another.



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Hydrogen Filters

The ceramic membrane is asystematic and multifacetetechnology for the separation andpurification of the hydrogen.

It is a ultrafine coats with nanoporossupported in a ceramic membraneon a low cost.

It works, obtaining a very highperformance to temperatures of200C and pressures of 10 bar.

The design ensures a defect-freemanufacturing.

Chemically steady.

High hydrothermal stability

FILTERS HAS BEENTESTED IN MULTIPLE

OPERATING CONDITIONS

SATISFACTORY



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Obtaining Energy from

Synthesis Gas

The synthesis gas is fed to the engine where it isproduced electric power.

The heat available from the engine exhaust will berecovered through the cooling system in the form ofsteam. The steam is transformed into electricalenergy in cogeneration unit.



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Economical benefits

Lower construction and operation costs than other plants with

comparable technologies.

Reduction of recurring operational costs .

It reduces direct cost and generates benefits as electricity.

Reduction responsibility for emission to atmosphere, spillages to

water or production dangerous residues.

New source of income from material that before was

representing operational expense.

The process produces several materials: gas of syntheses, hydrogen

and silicate, which can be commercialized.



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Enviromental benefits

Sure and virtually closed systems, without negative impact in the

environment.

It is designed to eliminate possible emissions or

unnecessary unloads.. System is formed in closed cycle.

According to volume and composition of materials to

process, the operation can be formed to produce:

Clean fuels as synthesis gas or hydrogen, based on

renewable resources.

Chemical products like methanol, diesel

It contributes to the sustainable development: there are obtained

energy and useful products (synthesis gas and silicate) from

renewable resources as the residues.

Gas purification system is exemplary: Low emissions of

atmospheric pollutants.



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Conclusion

Nowadays, it is necessary to rely on a technology

that contribute to the sustainable development to

be able to correct the increasing problems of the

residues. The Plasma Converter System appears

as a solution to the problem, since it is capable of

obtaining energy and useful products (synthesis

gas and silicate) from renewable resources as the

residues, respecting the environment and being an

impulse for the alternative energies as well as an

example of ecological sustainability.



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Experience list

Japan & Asia

BAOSTEELBHK

CHINA STEELDAIDO STEEL

EBARAK-PLANT

JFEKOBELCO ECO SOLUTIONS (KES)

KURIMOTO

NIPPON STEELAmerica

ENERSOL TECHNOLOGIESGE GLOBAL RESEARCH

PLASCO ENERGY GROUPPPG INDUSTRIES

STARTECH ENVIRONMENTAL

U.S. ARMYU.S. NAVY

Europe

BELLWETHER GASIFICATIONCHEMOPROJEKT



I t ti

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In construction

PLANT IN MADRID (SPAIN)

Plant capacity : 50 TPDResidues: RDF (residues derived fuel)Valuation of synthesis gas: obtaining methanolStart operating: In construction



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Questions:

Contact us:

Paseo de la Castellana 268, 128046 Madrid (Spain)

Phone.: (+34) 913 14 17 78Fax: (+34) 913 14 77 30

?



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