MPLSand ISP

8/19/2019 MPLSand ISP

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“MPLS- ISP NETWORK CONSOLIDATION”

Submitted in partial ul illment ! t"e re#uirement$ !r t"e de%ree

! &'Te("'

Submitted &)

K$"iti* C"aud"ar)

+R!ll N!' , , ./01

2nder t"e Super3i$i!n

O4

MR' SANDEEP ME5TA

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CANDIDATE6S DECLARATION

I, Kshitij Chaudhary, bearing roll number:1212043 student of B. e!h "#C#$ hereby de!lared

that I o%n the full res&onsibility for the information, result et!. &ro'ided in this &roje!t titled“MPLS- ISP NETWORK CONSOLIDATION” . I ha'e ta(en !are to honor the intelle!tual &ro&erty right and ha'e a!(no%ledged the !ontributions of other for using them in thisa!ademi! &ur&ose. I further de!lared that in !ase of any 'iolation of intelle!tual &ro&erty rightor !o&yright I as the !andidate %ould be fully res&onsible for the same. )y su&er'isor andinstitute should not be held for full or &artial 'iolation of !o&yright if found at any stage of my degree.

K$"iti* C"aud"ar)

, , ./0

ECE

7t" SEMESTER'

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CERTI4ICATE &8 T5E S2PER9ISOR

It is !ertified that this thesis re&ort titled *MPLS- ISP NETWORK CONSOLIDATION + by Kshitij Chaaudhary in the &artial fulfillment of re uirement for the a%ard of Ba!helor of

e!hnology "#le!troni!s and !ommuni!ation #ngineering $ is a re!ord of student-s o%n %or( !arried out under my su&er'ision and guidan!e. he %or( !ontained in this dissertation is at

&er uni'ersity standards. I %ish her good su!!ess in life.

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ACKNOWLED:EMENT

Com&leting a tas( is ne'er a one man-s effort. It is the result of in'aluable !ontribution of anumber of indi'iduals.

rom the de&th of my heart, I %ish to e/&ress my than(s toMr' An;it C"au"an < Seni!rEn%ineer not only for his 'aluable guidan!e but also for ins&iration, en!ouragement, &atien!e, interest and &ain sta(ing fortitude during the entire &eriod of industrial training. Ithas been a matter of great &ride and satisfa!tion for me to %or( under him.

ords !annot e/&ress my gratitude toMr' Sandeep Me"ta< :M %ho hel&ed me in thisendea'or. I ta(e this o&&ortunity to e/&ress my sin!ere than(s to him. heir (no%ledge and &rofessional management style !reated friendly en'ironment. hey &ro'ided %hate'er hel&%as re uired at all time to (ee& the training %or( on right !ourse and to%ards the right target.It has been a &ri'ilege and &leasure to ta(e guidan!e from them.

I %ish to re!ord my heartiest than(s forMr' Kri$"an;umar< 5R Department , for grantingme the &ermission to %or( as a trainee in this esteemed organi ation.

I %ould also than( entire staff of&"arti Airtel Ltd . %ho has dire!tly or indire!tly hel&ed inma(ing my training a su!!ess and ma(ing it an edu!ational e/&erien!e.

Kshitij Chaudhary

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INDE=

C #5 1 INTRODUCTION TO BHARTIAIRTEL

1.1 B67 B 5 I I5 #81.2 I9 65 6 B 5 I I5 #81.3 C665 65 # 9 57C 75#1.4 65; I># 5#9## 5 )#< 6 5 I5#99

2.= 9 IC > < )IC I >>5#99 2.=1> < )IC I >>5#99 2.=2 9 IC I >>5#992.? I C8 99#92.A 97B


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3.11.1 C8 99I IC I6< 3.11.2 B 9IC


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C5APTER-,COMPAN8 PRO4ILE

&5ARTI AIRTEL LTD'

,',' C!mpan) In !rmati!n

4ull nameBharti irtel 8td.

Le%al Addre$$Bharti Cres!ent, 1 , elhiF >elhiF 1100A0

Statu$> 8istedLe%al 4!rm> ubli! 8imited Com&anyOperati!nal Statu$> 6&erationalISIN CODE > I0101?4inan(ial Audit!r$> 95 Batliboi H sso!iates"2011$In(!rp!rati!n Date> Euly A, 1GG=T!tal Empl!)ee$> 1 ,3=4

Tel> G1 11 4????100

,' ' C!mpan) De$(ripti!n

&"arti Airtel Limited , !ommonly (no%n asAirtel , is an Indian tele!ommuni!ations9er'i!es Com&any head uartered at elhi, India. It o&erates in 20 !ountries a!ross9outh sia, fri!a and theChannel Islands. irtel has;9) net%or( in all !ountries in %hi!hit o&erates, &ro'iding2; , 3; and 4; ser'i!es de&ending u&on the !ountry of o&eration.

irtel is the %orldJsfourth largest mobile tele!ommuni!ations !om&any %ith o'er 2?1million subs!ribers a!ross 20 !ountries as of ugust 2012. It is thelargest !ellular ser'i!e &ro'ider in India, %ith 1 3.?1 million subs!ribers as of


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irtel is !redited %ith &ioneering the business strategy ofoutsour!ing all of its businesso&erations e/!e&t mar(eting, sales and finan!e and building the Jminutes fa!toryJ model of lo% !ost and high 'olumes. he strategy has sin!e been !o&ied by se'eral o&erators. Itsnet%or( base stations, mi!ro%a'e lin(s, et!. is maintained by#ri!sson and


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,'0' 5i$t!r) ! &"arti Airtel Ltd'

9unil Bharti )ittal founded the Bharti ;rou&. In 1G 3, 9unil )ittal %as into an agreement%ith ;ermanyJs 9iemens to manufa!ture the !om&anyJs &ush button tele&hone models for the

Indian mar(et. In 1G ?, 9unil Bharti )ittal in!or&orated Bharti ele!om 8imited "B 8$ andhis !om&any be!ame the first in India to offer &ush button tele&hones, establishing the basisof Bharti #nter&rises. his first mo'er ad'antage allo%ed 9unil )ittal to e/&and hismanufa!turing !a&a!ity else%here in the tele!ommuni!ations mar(et. By the early 1GG0s,9unil )ittal had also laun!hed the !ountryJs first fa/ ma!hines and its first !ordlesstele&hones. In 1GG2, 9unil )ittal %on a bid to build a !ellular &hone net%or( in >elhi. In1GG=, 9unil )ittal in!or&orated the !ellular o&erations as Bharti ele @entures and laun!hedser'i!e in >elhi. In 1GG?, !ellular ser'i!e %as e/tended to ima!hal radesh. In 1GGG, Bharti#nter&rises a! uired !ontrol of E oldings, and e/tended !ellular o&erations to Karnata(aand ndhra radesh. In 2000, Bharti a! uired !ontrol of 9(y !ell Communi!ations, inChennai. In 2001, the !om&any a! uired !ontrol of 9&i!e Cell in Cal!utta. Bharti #nter&rises%ent &ubli! in 2002, and the !om&any %as listed on )umbai 9to!( #/!hange and


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e/tra monitors used for monitoring the systems or net%or(s !o'ered from that des(. helo!ation housing a


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atta!hed to the e ui&ment for emergen!iesF as the


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C3 manages the limit of traffi! on a &arti!ular router. If in !ase the limit of traffi! in!reases theyare used to in!rease the !a&a!ity of that interfa!es so that traffi! !an smoothly flo% %ithout anyinterru&tion. C3 useful in Band%idth u&gradation C3 also !ontrols all the international &eeringdata that is &resent in Info @ista. International &eering here means is that !onne!tion in bet%een theIndia and foreign !ountry to set a !ommuni!ation in bet%een them in &ro&er %ay %ithout any damage.

,'?'?' DATA NOC- PRO9ISIONIN: TEAM

he &erforman!e done by &ro'isioning tem is it a&&ro'es the !ustomer to share the net%or(. If anyne% !ustomer %ants to join the net%or( this team is res&onsible to allo% them to use it by &ro'idingsuitable interfa!es to the !ustomer. his team adds a ne% !ustomer to the net%or(, the net%or( in%hi!h adding is already in %or(ing &ro!ess. 9o, it is re uired to %or( in &ro&er %ay other%ise there%ill be a dra%ba!(.

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C5APTER-T5EORTICAL PORTION

',' IP Addre$$in%

6ne of the most im&ortant to&i!s in any dis!ussion of C DI is I addressing. n Iaddressis a numeri! identifier assigned to ea!h ma!hine on an I net%or(. It designates thelo!ation of a de'i!e on the net%or(. n I address is a soft%are address, not a hard%areaddress the latter is hard!oded on a net%or( interfa!e !ard "


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10000000O12

10111111O1G1

s you !an see, this means that a Class B net%or( !an be defined %hen the first byte is

!onfigured from 12 to 1G1. Cla$$ C

or Class C net%or(s, the 5 Cs define the first t%o bits of the first o!tet al%aysturned on, but the third bit !an ne'er be on. ollo%ing the same &ro!ess as the &re'ious!lasses, !on'ert from binary to de!imal to find the range. ere is the range for a Class Cnet%or(:

11000000O1G2

11011111O223

9o, if you see an I address that starts at 1G2 and goes to 223, you-ll (no% it is a Class C Iaddress.

Cla$$e$ D and E

he addresses bet%een 224 and 2== are reser'ed for Class > and # net%or(s. Class >is used for multi!ast addresses and Class # for s!ientifi! &ur&oses. e %ill not dis!uss Class> and # addresses in this boo(.

' ' NETWORKIN: DE9ICES


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!oa/ial !able inter!onne!ts all net%or( interfa!e !ards to net%or( hubs or s%it!hes. #thernetand o(en 5ing are !ommon net%or( interfa!e !ards. oday-s !ards su&&orts 10base and100base %ith automati! re!ognition.

' ' ' 52&

hen the need for inter!onne!ting more than t%o de'i!es together then a de'i!e (no%n ashub !omes to &i!ture. Basi!ally hub is a layer one de'i!e. i.e. it o&erates on the &hysi!al layer of the 69I model. It is designed to do broad!asting i.e %hen it gets any frame it broad!asts itto e'ery &ort irres&e!ti'e that %hether it is destined for that &ort or not. ub has no %ay of distinguishing %hi!h &ort a frame should be sent. Broad!asting results in lot of traffi! on the

net%or( %hi!h lead to &oor net%or( res&onse. If t%o C simultaneously transmit there data &a!(ets and both are !onne!ted to a 7B, then !ollision %ill o!!ur, so %e !an say, it !reates asingle !ollision domain. 6n the other hand all Cs !onne!ted to a hub %ill get a samemessage so a single broad!ast domain %ill be !reated.

100D1000 )b&s hub must share its band%idth %ith ea!h and e'ery one of its &orts. 9o%hen only one C is broad!asting, it %ill ha'e a!!ess to the ma/ a'ailable band%idth. If,ho%e'er, multi&le C-s are broad!asting, then that band%idth %ill need to be di'ided bet%een all of these systems, %hi!h %ill degrade the &erforman!e. hey are usually alf>u&le/ in nature.

' '0' SWITC5

ubs are !a&able of joining more than t%o C but ha'ing some demerits li(e if t%o C%ould %ant to !ommuni!ate at a time then there %ould be a !ollision and the both C %ouldha'e to send the data on!e again. his short!oming of ub is o'er!ame by 9%it!hes.9%it!hes are intelligent de'i!es %hi!h %or( on the 8ayer2 of the 69I model. Basi!ally as%it!h (ee&s a re!ord of ) C addresses of all the de'i!es !onne!ted to it. 7sing thisinformation, it builds a ) C address table.

9o %hen a frame is re!ei'ed, it (no%s e/a!tly %hi!h &ort to send it to, %hi!h in!reases thenet%or( res&onse time.

Basi! or(ing rin!i&le of 9%it!h:

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1. t the time of initiali ing the s%it!h the ) C address table is yet to be builtu&. hen a frame is send by some of the C, it re!ogni es the sour!e ) Caddress and u&date the ) C address table.

2. If the destination is a'ailable in the ) C table then for%ard to the!orres&onding C.

3. If the destination ) C address is not &resent in the table then for%ards in allthe &ort a'ailable e/&e!t the in!oming one. he designated C %ill res&ondfor the data and it %ill send the a!(no%ledgement for the data re!ei'ed. hisa!(no%ledged data %ill be e/amined by the s%it!h and the ) C address table%ould be u& dated a!!ordingly.

If t%o C simultaneously transmit there data &a!(ets and both are !onne!ted to a 9 I C ,then !ollision %ill not o!!ur, so %e !an say, it !reates a multi&le !ollision domain.

he s%it!h su&&orts broad!ast. en!e %e !an !all s%it!hes !reate single broad!ast domainand multi&le !ollision domains.

100D1000)b&s s%it!h %ill allo!ate a full 100D1000 )b&s to ea!h of its &orts. 9o regardlessof the no of C-s transmitting user %ill al%ays ha'e a!!ess to ma/ amt of band%idth. heyare usually ull >u&le/ in nature.

9%it!hes are of t%o ty&es:

• )anaged• 7nmanaged

)anaged s%it!h su&&orts 9


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net%or(s !onne!t. 5outers to determine the best &ath for for%arding the &a!(et are usingfor%arding tables.

• It is a layer 3 de'i!e i.e it o&erates at net%or( layer of 69I model. he %or(ing &rin!i&le of the router is totally different from a s%it!h. 5outer ma(es a table (no%nas r!utin% table< %hi!h !ontains all the I address in the net%or(, the information for I address router obtains dire!tly " all !onfigured I address on it $ or indire!tly " fromneighbor routers $. hen a &a!(et is re!ei'ed it !om&ares the destination I address of the &a!(et %ith the a'ailable I addresses in its 5outing table. If the I address is nota'ailable in the routing table then it sim&ly dis!ard the &a!(et instead of flooding inall the &orts li(e a s%it!h &ilfered management.

• a!ilitated s&anning of large geogra&hi!al distan!es

'0' Subnettin%

9ub netting is a &ro!ess of di'iding large net%or( into the smaller net%or(s based on layer 3 Iaddress. #'ery !om&uter on net%or( has an I address that re&resents its lo!ation on net%or(.

he half and double si e !on!e&t is the 'ery basi! of sub netting

1 / 2 O 2 Q half the si e

2 / 2 O 4 Q

4 / 2 O Q Q

/ 2 O 1? Q Q

1? / 2 O 32 Q Q

32 / 2 O ?4 Q Q

?4 / 2 O 12 @ Q

12 / 2 O 2=? double the si e Q

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In terms of sub netting

1 O D32 O 2==.2==.2==.2==

2 O D31 O 2==.2==.2==.2=4

4 O D30 O 2==.2==.2==.2=2

O D2G O 2==.2==.2==.24

1? O D2 O 2==.2==.2==.240

32 O D2A O 2==.2==.2==.224

?4 O D2? O 2==.2==.2==.1G2

12 O D2= O 2==.2==.2==.12

2=? O D24 O 2==.2==.2==.0

In terms of I address uantity

D32: 2R0 O 1 O 1 I address %ithin the subnet

D31: 2R1 O 2 of D32 O 2 / 1 O 2 O2 I addresses %ithin the subnet

D30: 2R2 O 2 of D31 O 2 / 2 O 4 O4 I addresses %ithin the subnet

D2G: 2R3 O 2 of D30 O 2 / 4 O O I addresses %ithin the subnet

D2 : 2R4 O 2 of D2G O 2 / O 1? O 1? I addresses %ithin the subnet

D2A: 2R= O 2 of D2 O 2 / 1? O 32 O 32 I addresses %ithin the subnet

D2?: 2R? O 2 of D2A O 2 / 32 O ?4 O ?4 I addresses %ithin the subnet

D2=: 2RA O 2 of D2? O 2 / ?4 O 12 O 12 I addresses %ithin the subnet

D24: 2R O 2 of D2= O 2 / 12 O 2=? O 2=? I addresses %ithin the subnet

'0',' Subnet ma$;

9ubnet mas( is a 32 bits long address used to distinguish bet%een net%or( address and host address in

I address. 9ubnet mas( is al%ays used %ith I address. 9ubnet mas( has only one &ur&ose, toidentify %hi!h &art of an I address is net%or( address and %hi!h &art is host address.

1!


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In de!imal notation subnet mas( 'alue 1 to 2== re&resent net%or( address and 'alue 0 STeroUre&resent host address.In binary notation subnet mas( on bit S1U re&resent net%or( address %hile off bitS0U re&resent hostaddress.

In de!imal notation

I address 1G2.1? .1.109ubnet mas( 2==.2==.2==.0

efault 9ubnet 5 "Classless Inter >omain 5outing$ format. hereabo'e table rightmost !olumn, the CI>5 format is sho%n on the abo'e table leftmost !olumn. o !larify, !he!( o

I ddress Vuantity CI>5 format subnet mas( 4 tu&le o!tet format subnet mas( ithin 9ubnet " refi/$

1 D32 2==.2==.2==.2== 2 D31 2==.2==.2==.2=4

1"


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4 D30 2==.2==.2==.2=2 D2G 2==.2==.2==.24 1? D2 2==.2==.2==.240 32 D2A 2==.2==.2==.224 ?4 D2? 2==.2==.2==.1G2 12 D2= 2==.2==.2==.12 2=? D24 2==.2==.2==.0

'/' Imp!rtant pr!t!(!l$ u$ed

'/',' IS-IS

Intermediate 9ystem o Intermediate 9ystem "I9 I9$, sometimes !alled is is, is a routing &roto!ol designed to mo'e information effi!iently %ithin a !om&uter net%or(, a grou& of &hysi!ally !onne!ted !om&uters or similar de'i!es. It a!!om&lishes this by determining the best route for datagrams through a &a!(et s%it!hed net%or(. he &roto!ol %as defined inI96DI#C 10= G:2002 as an international standard %ithin the 6&en 9ystems Inter!onne!tion"69I$ referen!e design. hough originally an I96 standard, the I# re&ublished the &roto!olas an Internet 9tandard in 5 C 1142. I9 I9 has been !alled Nthe de fa!to standard for large

ser'i!e &ro'ider net%or( ba!(bones.

I9 I9 "&ronoun!ed Ni s i sN$ is an interior gate%ay &roto!ol, designed for use %ithin anadministrati'e domain or net%or(. his is in !ontrast to #/terior ;ate%ay roto!ols, &rimarily Border ;ate%ay roto!ol "B; $, %hi!h is used for routing bet%een autonomoussystems "5 C 1G30$.

I9 I9 is a lin( state routing &roto!ol, o&erating by reliably flooding lin( state information

throughout a net%or( of routers. #a!h I9 I9 router inde&endently builds a database of thenet%or(Js to&ology, aggregating the flooded net%or( information. 8i(e the 69 &roto!ol,I9 I9 uses >ij(straJs algorithm for !om&uting the best &ath through the net%or(. a!(ets"datagrams$ are then for%arded, based on the !om&uted ideal &ath, through the net%or( to thedestination.

'/' ' MPLS

2#


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)ulti&roto!ol 8abel 9%it!hing ") 89$ is a me!hanism in high &erforman!etele!ommuni!ations net%or(s that dire!ts data from one net%or( node to the ne/t based onshort &ath labels rather than long net%or( addresses, a'oiding !om&le/ loo(u&s in a routingtable. he labels identify 'irtual lin(s "&aths$ bet%een distant nodes rather than end&oints.) 89 !an en!a&sulate &a!(ets of 'arious net%or( &roto!ols. ) 89 su&&orts a range of a!!ess te!hnologies, in!luding 1D#1, ), rame 5elay, and >98.

) 89 is a highly s!alable, &roto!ol agnosti!, data !arrying me!hanism. In an ) 89net%or(, data &a!(ets are assigned labels. a!(et for%arding de!isions are made solely on the!ontents of this label, %ithout the need to e/amine the &a!(et itself. his allo%s one to !reateend to end !ir!uits a!ross any ty&e of trans&ort medium, using any &roto!ol. he &rimary

benefit is to eliminate de&enden!e on a &arti!ular 69I model data lin( layer te!hnology, su!has syn!hronous ransfer )ode " )$, rame 5elay, 9yn!hronous 6&ti!al


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he Internet started off as a !losed net%or( bet%een go'ernment resear!h laboratories andrele'ant &arts of uni'ersities. s it be!ame more &o&ular, uni'ersities and !olleges startedgi'ing more of their member-s a!!ess to it. s a result of its &o&ularity, !ommer!ial Internetser'i!e &ro'iders s&rang u& to offer a!!ess to the Internet to anyone %illing to &ay for theser'i!e, mainly to those %ho missed their uni'ersity a!!ounts. In 1GG0, Broo(line,)assa!husetts based he orld be!ame the first !ommer!ial I9 .

'/'/' DCN

dynami! !ir!uit net%or( ">Cynami! !ir!uit net%or(s %ere &ioneered by the Internet2 ad'an!ed net%or(ing !onsortium. he e/&erimental Internet2

6 I infrastru!ture, de!ommissioned in 200A, %as a forerunner to the !urrent 96C$ &roto!ol, de'elo&ed in !oo&eration %ith #9net and ;W < 2. he entiresoft%are set is (no%n as the >ynami! Cir!uit


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C5APTER-0

PROCESS O4 :ETTIN: LINKS

0',' 5!@ lin; i$ pr!3ided

o% the !ustomer ta(es the net%or( !onne!tion from the irtel

our re uest goes through many internal &ro!esses li(e &lanning, im&lementation,!onfiguration et!. irst !ustomer demands for the net%or( !onne!tion to theAES " irtel#nter&rise 9er'i!e$ a!!ording to their re uirements li(e ty&e of !onne!tion or s&eed. fter ta(ing orders from the !ustomers #9 for%ard those details to theTN: " rans&ort


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O A((e$$ ISP

I9 s em&loy a range of te!hnologies to enable !onsumers to !onne!t to their net%or(. or users and small businesses, the most &o&ular o&tions in!lude dial u&, >98"ty&i!ally symmetri! >igital 9ubs!riber 8ine, >98$, broadband %ireless, !able modem,fiber to the &remises " $, and Integrated 9er'i!es >igital 98 "often 9 >98 or >98$, #thernet, )etro #thernet,;igabit #thernet, rame 5elay, I9>< "B5I or 5I$, ), satellite Internet a!!ess andsyn!hronous o&ti!al net%or(ing "9698Cable Internet #thernet te!hnologies>ial u& 8eased lineI9>< 9 >98)odem>98

24


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) 89 %as originally &ro&osed by a grou& of engineers from I&silon


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4i%ure' '0 &a$i( M!del !r Mpl$ Net@!r;

895 O 8abel 9%it!hed 5outer

8#5 O 8abel #dge 5outer

O 5!@ MPLS @!r;$

) 89 %or(s by &refi/ing &a!(ets %ith an ) 89 header, !ontaining one or more NlabelsN.his is !alled a label$ta(; . #a!h label sta!( entry !ontains four fields:

• 20 bit label 'alue.•

3 bitTraffic Class field for Vo9 " uality of ser'i!e$ &riority "e/&erimental$ and#C< "#/&li!it Congestion


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0'0',' PuTT8

u is a !lient &rogram for the 99 , elnet and 5login net%or( &roto!ols: logging in to amultiuser !om&uter from another, o'er a net%or(. hese &roto!ols are all used to run a

remote session on a !om&uter, o'er a net%or(. u im&lements the !lient end of thatsession: the end at %hi!h the session is dis&layed, rather than the end at %hi!h it runs. Inreally sim&le terms: you run u on a indo%s ma!hine, and tell it to !onne!t to "for e/am&le$ a 7ni/ ma!hine. u o&ens a %indo%. hen, anything you ty&e into that%indo% is sent straight to the 7ni/ ma!hine, and e'erything the 7ni/ ma!hine sends ba!( isdis&layed in the %indo%. 9o you !an %or( on the 7ni/ ma!hine as if you %ere sitting at its!onsole, %hile a!tually sitting some%here else.

4i%ure' '? PuTT8 L!%!

)ulti user o&erating systems, su!h as 7ni/ and @)9, usually &resent a !ommand lineinterfa!e to the user, mu!h li(e the XCommand rom&t- in indo%s. he system &rints a &rom&t, and you ty&e !ommands %hi!h the system %ill obey. 7sing this ty&e of interfa!e,there is no need for you to be sitting at the same ma!hine you are ty&ing !ommands to. he!ommands, and res&onse, !an be sent o'er a net%or(, so you !an sit at one !om&uter and gi'e!ommands to another one, or e'en to more than one. 99 , elnet and 5login are net%or( &roto!ols that allo% you to do this. 6n the !om&uter you sit at, you run a !lient , %hi!h ma(ea net%or( !onne!tion to the other !om&uter "the ser'er$. he net%or( !onne!tion !arries your (eystro(es and !ommands from the !lient to ser'er, and !arries the ser'er-s res&onse ba!( toyou.

0'0' ' RO2TER LO::IN:

fter double !li!( on u soft%are you %ill get this %indo% named uConfiguration. In this %indo% the t%o things are main one is ost


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button %e %ill get the Command 8ine Interfa!e %indo%. fter that it %ill as( for the7sername and ass%ord for the user a!!ess 'erifi!ation. If entered username or &ass%ordgoes %rong, it %ill again as( for right username and &ass%ord. If a!!ess 'erifi!ation goesright then you are able to a&&ly the !ommands for !onfigureDhandle the 5outerD9%it!h.

4i%ure' '7 L!%%in% A MPLS R!uter . ', 0'0B',B?

4i%ure' 'B 2$er A((e$$ 9eri i(ati!n

2"


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4i%ure' ' C!mmand Line Inter a(e O R!uter . ', 0'0B',B?

0'0'0' 4EAT2RES

"a$ 9u&&ort for lo!al serial &ort !onne!tions."b$ 9elf !ontained e/e!utable re uires no installation."!$ ubli! (ey authenti!ation su&&ort."d$ Control o'er the99 en!ry&tion (ey and &roto!ol 'ersion."e$ he storing of hosts and &referen!es for later use.

0'0'/' APPLICATIONS

)ain fun!tions are reali ed by u files themsel'es:"a$ u the elnet and 99 !lient itself,"b$ 9C an 9C !lient, i.e. !ommand line se!ure file !o&y,"!$ 9 an 9 !lient, i.e. general file transfer sessions mu!h li(e ,"d$ u tel a elnet only !lient,"e$ lin( a !ommand line interfa!e to the u ba!( ends,"f$ ageant an 99 authenti!ation agent for u , 9C and lin(,

"g$ u gen an 59 and >9 (ey generation utility

3#

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_shell


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C5APTER-/9ARIO2S COMMANDS RE 2IRED

hen %e get any lin( do%n alarm then %e ha'e to login that routerDs%it!h for seeing thatlin( be!ame do%n or it %as a fla&&ing. or this %e used many !ommands. here are different!ommands used for Euni&er and Cis!o de'i!es. he des!ri&tion of different !ommands isgi'en belo%.

/',' Ci$(! Funiper C!mmand

Ci$(! C!mmand Funiper C!mmand C!-Ordinatin% De initi!n$"!@ run $" (!n i%urati!n 9ho% running !onfiguration

S" 3er S" 3er 9ho% 'ersion

$"!@ ip inter a(e brie $"!@ inter a(e ter$e dis&lays the status of interfa!es!onfigured for I

$"!@ inter a(e Gint (H $"!@ inter a(e$ Gint (H

detail

dis&lays the interfa!e !onfiguration,

status and statisti!s.$"!@ (!ntr!ller int ( $"!@ inter a(e$ int (

e ten$i3edis&lays information about a &hysi!al &ort de'i!e

$"!@ inter a(e J in(l +pr!t!JDe$(1

$"!@ inter a(e$de$(ripti!n

dis&lays the interfa!e !onfiguration,status and statisti!s

$"!@ ip r!ute $"!@ r!ute dis&lays summary information aboutentries in the routing table

$"!@ ip b%p $ummar) $"!@ b%p $ummar) dis&lays the status of all Border

;ate%ay roto!ol "B; $!onne!tions

$"!@ ip b%p net ma$; $"!@ r!ute pr!t!(!l b%ppre i

%ill sho% you ho% that route is being ad'ertised, loo( for the firstline

$"!@ ip b%p net ma$; l!n%er-pre i e$

$"!@ r!ute ran%e pre i %ill sho% you ho% that route is being ad'ertised, loo( for the firstline

$"!@ ip b%p re%e p AS-re%e p $"!@ r!ute a$pat"-re%e pAS-re%e p dis&lays routes mat!hing theautonomous system " 9$ &ath

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regular e/&ression

$"!@ ipb%p nei%"b!r$ nei%"re(ei3ed-r!ute$

$"!@ r!ute re(ei3e-pr!t!(!l b%p nei%"

$"!@ r!ute $!ur(e-%ate@a) nei%" pr!t!(!lb%p

9ho%s %hether a neighbor su&&ortsthe route refresh !a&ability

$"!@ ip b%p nei%"b!r nei%"ad3erti$ed-r!ute$

$"!@ r!ute ad3erti$in%-pr!t!(!l b%p nei%"

9ho%s %hether a neighbor su&&ortsthe route refresh !a&abilty

$"!@ (ln$ nei%"b!r$ $"!@ i$i$ ad*a(en() dis&lays both #9 and I9 neighbors

$"!@ (ln$ inter a(e $"!@ i$i$ inter a(e sho%s s&e!ifi! information aboutea!h interfa!e

$"!@ ip r!ute i$i$ $"!@ i$i$ r!ute$ dis&lays the !urrent state of the therouting table

$"!@ i$i$ t!p!l!%) $"!@ i$i$$p dis&lays a list of all !onne!tedrouters in all areas

$"!@ ip!$p inter a(e $"!@ !$p nei%"b!r sho%s neighbor I>, riority, I , H9tate if the neighbor router, deadtime.

$"!@ ip!$p inter a(e $"!@ !$p inter a(e sho%s neighbor id, &ri, state, dead

time, address and interfa!e$"!@ ip r!ute !$p $"!@ !$p r!ute dis&lay the !urrent state of the

routing table

$"!@ ip!$p databa$e $"!@ !$p databa$e dis&lay list of information related tothe 69 database for a s&e!ifi!!ommuni!ation ser'er

$"!@ 3er$i!n $"!@ 3er$i!n< $"!@$)$tem uptime

dis&lay the system hard%are !onfig.,soft%are 'ersion, and name and

sour!e of !onfiguration files and boot images

$"!@ dia%$ $"!@ ("a$i$ "ard@are dis&lays &o%er on diagnosti!s status

$"!@ pr!(e$$e$ (pu $"!@ $)$tem pr!(e$$ dis&lays utili ation statisti!s

$"!@ te("-$upp!rt re#ue$t $upp!rt in ! dis&lays the !urrent soft%are image,!onfiguration, !ontrollers, !ounters,sta!(s, interfa!es, memory and buffers

$"!@ l!%%in% $"!@ l!% me$$a%e$ dis&lay the state of logging to thesyslog

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$"!@ r!ute-map name $"!@ p!li() name dis&layall route ma&s !onfigured or only the one s&e!ified

$"!@ ip pre i -li$t name $"!@ p!li() name dis&lay information about a &refi/list or &refi/ list entries

$"!@ ip (!mmunit)-li$t li$t (!n i%ure<$"!@ p!li()-!pti!n$(!mmunit) name

dis&lay routes that are &ermitted byB; !ommunity list

S"!@ runnin%-(!n i% intr ( S"!@ runnin%-(!n i%intr (

9ho%s the running !onfiguration onan interfa!e

S" run 3r S"!@ run 3r 9ho%s the running !onfigurationasso!iated %ith the &arti!ular 'rf

$"!@ en3ir!nment all $"!@ ("a$$i$en3ir!nment

dis&lays tem&erature and 'oltageinformation on the !onsole

pin% de$t pin% de$t rapid + !r (i$(!li;e !utput1pin% de$t + !r uni li;e!utput1

to !he!( to see if a destination isali'e

Table-0', Table ! (!mmand ! (i$(! and *uniper

/' ' SOME COMMANDS AND RES2LT

• C!mmand 9ho% isis neighbors

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• C!mmand sho% interfa!e

4i%ure 0' -S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ Inter a(e C!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% isis hostname

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4i%ure'0'0 -S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ I$i$ 5!$tname J In(lude C!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% interfa!e des!ri&tion

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4i%ure0'/ - S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ Inter a(e De$(ripti!n C!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% 'ersion

36


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4i%ure 0'? -S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ 9er$i!n C!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% diag

3


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4i%ure0'7 S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ Dia%$ C!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% ba!(u&

4i%ure 0'B S(rren$"!t ! S"!@ ba(;up C!mmand

• C!mmand ing &ro!ess

3!


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4i%ure 0' - S(reen$"!t ! Pin%in% Pr!(e$$

• C!mmand 9ho% bg& summary

3"


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4i%ure 0' S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ b%p $ummar) (!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% ld& neighbor

4i%ure 0',. S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ ldp nei%"b!r (!mmand

• C!mmand- 9ho% ld& neighbor detail

4#


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4i%ure 0',, S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ ldp nei%"b!r detail (!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% interfa!e des!ri&tion Q in!lude 5 5

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4i%ure 0', - S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ inter a(e de$(ripti!n J in(lude RTR (!mmand

C!mmand- sho% en'ironment all

4i%ure 0',0- S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ en3ir!nment all (!mmand

• C!mmand- sho% run

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4i%ure 0',/- S(reen$"!t ! S"!@ run

/'0' Pin%

ing is autility to determine %hether a s&e!ifi! I address is a!!essible. It %or(s by sendinga &a!(etto the s&e!ified address and %aiting for a re&ly. I


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the systems, routers s%it!hes and also the InternetN. he abbre'iation of Ie&ending on the im&lementation, the &ing !ommand !an be run %ith 'arious !ommandline s%it!hes to enable s&e!ial o&erational modes. #/am&le o&tions in!lude: s&e!ifying the &a!(et si eused as the &robe, automati! re&eated o&eration for sending a s&e!ified !ount of &robes, and timestam&ing

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C5APTER 7

7',' DA8 TO DA8 TASKS

>uring my training session in I5 #8 under >


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his is benefi!ial gra&hi!al re!ord for the !om&any to (no% ho% their net%or( is !onne!ted and is benefi!ial for tra!(ing sour!e of &roblem.

7',' ' 4indin% t"e r!ute t! de$tinati!n

In this tas( I %as assigned t%o destination routers and I had to tra!( do%n the !onne!tion from gi'ensour!e routers to the destination.

he same is &erformed as follo%s

1. 6&en the gi'en router.

2. In the same ty&e !ommand shi& routedestination ip

3. elnet to the address obtained abo'e.

4,


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I %as gi'en a list of de'i!es and I had to determine the ma/imum amount of data that !an betransmitted %ithout fragmentation. he same %as !om&ared %ith the mtu s&e!ified in the des!ri&tion.

1. 7sing the !ommand sh run int the interfa!es are seen.2.


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7','/' CIRC2IT ID &ASE

6ne more &roje!t %hi!h I !om&leted during my training session is that I !olle!ted all the!ir!uit id database of all the routers of I9 , ) 89 and >C


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7','?' 9ERSION O4 DE9ICES

I %as as(ed to !he!( the 'ersion of de'i!es in the de'i!e list by logging into ea!h de'i!e andrunning the !ommand sh 'ersion.

7','7' C5ECK I4 RO2TER IS LISTED ON T5E SER9ER

he same is !he!(ed using a soft%areKi'i!at.

1. 8og into (i'i!at.2. 9%it!h off the timer .3. 9ear!h the desired i& address.4. If the router sho%s for the same it is listed else not.

his database enables the !om&any to ensure all its de'i!es are listed on ser'er.

7','B' SA9IN: 5ARDWARE DETAILS O4 T5E DE9ICE

I %as gi'en a list of juni&er routers of %hi!h I had to store hard%are details li(e !ard, slot noet!.as te/t files.

1. 8ogin to the desired de'i!e.2. 5ight !li!( on the to& edge of &utty s!reen and go to !hange settings.3. 9ele!t the o&tion !a&ture all and bro%se the lo!ation %here the file is su&&osed to be

stored.4. 9a'e the file %ith .t/t e/tension,=. 5un the !ommand sh !hassis hard%are Qdis&lay /ml

5#


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51


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his is used to maintain ba!(u& data.

7',' ' MAINTAIN :ENERALISED DATA&ASE 4OR CASES

I %as gi'en a list of !ases for %hi!h I had to study the notes and atta!hment to list the &roblem and ta(e the !a&tures for further referen!e.

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1. ;o to !is!o site tools.!is!o2. 8ogin to the same.3. ;o to manage su&&ort !ases.4. 9ear!h your !ase no.=. hen go through the notes and atta!hments for errors and !a&tures

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his database is to ease the &roblem sol'ing me!hanism for future needs.

7',' ' 4IND NO O4 LINKS 4OR 4CP PIC SET

I %as gi'en a list of routers for %hi!h I had to obtain C , IC 'alues and lin(s asso!iated for s&e!ified ty&e of !ard s&e!ified.

1. 8ogin to the router.2. 5un sh !hassis hard%are.3.


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=. Count the no. of lin(s and note the same

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CONCL2SION

)y e/&erien!e of training in Bharti irtel has indeed been a fruitful one. It has not only enhan!ed my

te!hni!al (no%ho% but has also led to de'elo&ment on so!ial front.

)y short term at irtel ga'e me a taste of offi!e en'ironment. It ga'e me a loo( ho% on ho% these big organi ations maintain the de!orum and u&holds their rules and regulations %hi!h is the (ey totheir smooth running.

>uring my term I got an o&&ortunity to learn and use different soft%areJs and utilities %hi!h are used by the organi ation. It hel&ed me boost my &ra!ti!al s(ills, lus it ga'e me a insight into !om&anyJs

net%or(.I dis!o'ered ho% the lin(s are made and maintained. )ore than anything it %as an eye o&ener as toho% mu!h the te!hnology has de'elo&ed and eased other%ise tedious tas(s.

It also ga'e me an o&&ortunity to study ho% %ell stru!tured hierar!hy in %or(&la!e , healthyintera!tions bet%een em&loyees, regular dis!ussions and meetings, and the team s&irit is ne!essary toresol'e all &roblems %ith ease.

8i(e mentioned abo'e the e/&erien!e %as e ually fulfilling on so!ial font. I got to meet and intera!t%ith some ama ingly (no%ledgeable and e/&erien!ed &rofessionals during my term. It %as %onderfulo&&ortunity for me as a student intera!t and learn from them e'ery day ll of them %ere (ing enoughto hel& me out as and %hen they found time.

.here %ere fe% do%nfalls to the other%ise %onderful e/&erien!e. he intera!tion %ith the mentor %as

'ery less. >ue to hea'y %or( load my mentor %as unable to guide me in the %ay desired. he natureof %or( %as un!ertain. 9ometimes there %as lot to do and sometimes there %as nothingto do for days. )ost of the %or( re'ol'ed around database maintaining, %hi!h %asrather boring and not 'ery informati'e. lus Bharti irtel is a ;o't. 7nderta(ing Com&any, sointerfa!e %ith the e ui&ment-s is not allo%ed to students.

But on the %hole it %as an honor to %or( for irtel as an intern

&I&LIO:RAP58

5


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@@@'@i;ipedia'!r%

@@@'(i$(!'(!m

t!&ip guide.!om

(!mputer'"!@$tu @!r;$'(!m

@@@'te("republi('(!m

%%%. irtel.!o.in

Cis!o 9tudy ;uide by odd 8ammle

.............and many others
http://www.airtel.co.in/http://www.airtel.co.in/

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