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GENERAL ANATOMY GENERAL ANATOMY

1. The cranial nerve having longest intracranialcourse is

a. Trigeminalb. Abducentc. Trochleard. Hypoglossal

Ans C. Trochlear

cranial N withlongest intra cranialcourse :TROCHLEAR

only cranial nerve thatemerges dorsally fromthe brain stem :TROCHLEAR

Trochlear has one morespeciality.... It is theonly cranial nerves inwhich all fibresCOMPLETELYdecussates to theopposite side. So Rightnerve completelysupplies left

Thinnest is TrochlearNote vagus has longest

extracranial course . ofcourse vagus is theonly nerve that hasextracranial course

C

2. Structures passing between superior andmiddle constrictors of pharynx

a. Auditory tube and tensor tympanib. Stylopharyngeus muscle and

glossopharyngeal nervec. Internal laryngeal nerve and superior

laryngeal arteryd. Recurrent laryngeal nerve and

inferior laryngeal artery

Ans B

Refer MAHE 2009 questionNo.1

Glossopharyngealnerve andstylopharygeus passesin the gap betweensuperior and middle

B

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Constrictors( option B iscorrect)

No nerve passesbetween base of theskull muscle andsuperior constrictor.The auditory tube;

the levator veli palatini and theascending palatine artery (option A) passes in this gap

The internal laryngealnerve and the superiorlaryngeal vessels (option C)pierce thethyrohyoid membranein the gap betweenmiddle and inferiorconstrictors

The recurrent laryngealnerve and the inferiorlaryngeal vessels (option- D) passesbetween the

inferior constrictor and Lowerborder of the the oesophagus

3. Anterior ethmoid air sinus opens intoa. Sphenoethemoidal recessb. Superior meatusc. Middle meatusd. Inferior meatus

Ans C. Middle meatus

Anteior ethmoidal sinus opensinto middle meatus

Inferior Meatus

1. Largest of all three

2. Nasolacrimal duct opensinto it. This opening isguarded by lacrimal fold orHassnesr valve.

3. Lies under neath inferior

1.

2.

3.

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concha 4. Maxillary sinus

5. Middle ethmoidal sinus andAnterior ethmoidal sinus.

4. Thyrohyoid muscle is innervated bya. First cervical nerveb. Second cervical nervec. Hypoglossal nerved. Ansa cervicalis

Ans A. First cervical nerve

All of the infrahyoid musclesare supplied by Ansa cervicalisexcept Thyrohyoid. The nervesupply is C1 throughhypoglossal nerve

A

5. Only motor branch of posterior division ofmandibular nerve is

a. Lingualb. Nerve to mylohyoidc. Inferior alveolar nerved. Auriculotemporal

Ans B. Nerve to mylohyoid

Branches from the trunk Nervi spinosus (or)

meningeal branch tosupply the duramater ofthe middle cranialfossa. n Nerve to medial

pterygoid muscle.

The anterior division ismainly motor and it hassome sensory fibres.The only nerve ofanterior division is longBuccal nerve.

Braches from theposterior division: Theposterior division of themandibular nerve ismainly sensory andonly exception isMylohoid nerve

Inferior alveolar nervecontains mixed fibres

B

6. The first tributary of internal jugular vein isa. Inferior petrosal sinusb. Superior petrosal sinusc. Transverse sinusd. Straight sinus

Ans A. Inferior petrosal sinus

Last's anatomy: regional andapplied11th/356

A

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Internal jugular vein receivesthe inferior petrosal sinus asits first tributary, just below thebase of the skull;

The tributaries of the internaljugular vein below the inferiorpetrosal sinus are thepharyngeal, lingual, facialsuperior and middle thyroidveins

7. The actions of superior oblique muscle ofthe eye ball include the following EXCEPT

a. Depressionb. Introsionc. Abductiond. Elevation

Ans D.Elevation is not a function ofSupeior oblique muscle.Actions of Individual Muscles

Levator palpabrea superioris

Superior rectus

Inferior rectus

Medial rectus

Lateral rectus

Superior oblique

Inferior oblique

D

8. Pterygoid plexus of veins are located in andaround

a. Medial pterygoidb. Lateral pterygoidc. Masseterd. Temporalis

Ans B. Lateral pterygoidLast's anatomy: regional andapplied11th/372

Pterygoid plexus of veins arelocated in and around Lateralpterygoid.The plexus acts as peripheral heart aiding invenous eturn by umping actionof the contraction of the Lateralpterygoid.

B

9. StruCures piercing the thyrohyoidmembrane are

a. Superior thyroid artery and externallaryngeal nerve

b. Inferior thyroid artery and external

Ans C. Superior laryngealartery and internal laryngealnerveLast's anatomy: regional andapplied11th/355

C

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laryngeal nervec. Superior laryngeal artery and internal

laryngeal nerved. Superior laryngeal artery and

external laryngeal nerve

The superior laryngeal artery-abranch of the superior thyroidpierces the thyrohyoidmembrane. Along with theinternal laryngeal nerve

10. Cutaneous innervation over the angle ofmandible is by

a. Lesser occipitalb. Greater auricularc. Auriculotemporald. Greater occipital

Ans B. Greater auricularSkin over the angle of mandibleis supplied by Greater auricularnerve

B

PHYSIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY

11. Type of hypoxia seen in carbon monoxidepoisoning

a. Hypoxicb. Anemicc. Stagnantd. Histotoxic

Ans D. Histotoxic

Refer question no.26 of AIPG2011

Histoxic hypoxia: Oxygentension in arterial blood isnormal, oxygen content isnormal oxygen saturation andcarrying capacity is normal.Blood flow is also normal.Inspite of everything beingnormal, tissues fail to extractoxygen from blood. Seen incyanide poisoning andcarbonmonoxide posisonong .Oxygen therapy is not effectivein this form of hypoxia

In carbon monoxide poisoning,oxygen cannot be transportedand released to body tissuesthusresulting in hypoxia.This ishistotoxic anemia

D

12. Excitation contraction coupling inskeletal muscle fiber is initiated by bindingof

a. Calcium with calmodulinb. Actin with troponinc. Calcium with troponind. Troponin with tropomyosin

Ans C. Calcium with troponin

Troponin is the Ca2+-binding proteininvolved in contraction

C

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of skeletal muscle .

In smooth muscle theCalcium combines withcalmodulin leading toinitiation ofcontraction.

The structural andfunctional unit ofskeletal muscle issarcomere. Sarcomereis the portion ofmyofibril in betweentwo Z lines. Myosin,Actin, Troponin andTropomyosin aretogether called thecontractile elements ormuscle proteins. Thesecontractile elements arepresent in sarcomere ofmyofibril.

Muscle contraction isinitiated when largenumber of calcium ionsbind with troponin C.During contraction thelength of actin andmyosin filaments doesnot change. H Zonedisappears, distancebetween Z linesdecreases and the actinfilaments glide overmyosin filaments.

13. Work done by the left ventricle is greaterthan that done by the right ventriclebecause:

a. Wall is thickerb. Stroke volume is greaterc. Preload is greaterd. After load is greater

Ans D.Physiology of the Heart ByArnold M. Katz-1st/377After load is greater for left

ventricle.The stroke work is the amountof work performed to eject theblood into the vessels underpressure.

D

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This is equal to the product ofstroke volume and pressure

Work done = stroke volume Xpressure

Afterload is the load againstwhich the heart has to workand is directly related to thepressures in the aorta in caseof left ventricle and pulmonaryartery in case of right ventricleThe stroke volume is constantfor both the ventricles ( 70 ml)and the pressure in aorta is120 mm of Hg where as inpulmonary artery it is around25mm of Hg.This is the reason why workdone by Left ventricle isgreater than right ventricle

.Right ventricle works againstpulmonary vessels which aremore elastic and less resistantthan peripheral arteries. Thismakes them less resistant tofluid flowing within them - thatis, they are more "compliant".As a result, the right ventriclehas a relatively easier job to dothan the left. Since it needsless muscle and energy tocarry out this work, the rightventricle is much thinner thanthe left.

The left ventricle, on the otherhand, is the "work-horse" ofthe heart. The left ventriclepumps blood into the aortaand hence into the peripheralarterial system.The peripheralarteries are thicker and stifferthan the pulmonary bloodvessels and offer greater

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resistance to blood flow. So thework done by left ventricle isgreater than the right to carryout it's function. And the bloodis pumped from the leftventricle with much greaterforce than on the right side.The left ventricle is thick walled.

BIOCHEMISTRY BIOCHEMISTRY14. Insulin is required for the uptake of glucose

ina. cells of Langerhansb. Erythrocytec. Skeletal muscle fibresd. Renal tubular epithelial cells

Ans C. Skeletal muscle fibres

Ref::Dentest basic science-Biochemistry

Skeletalmuscle accounts for 80-85% of insulin-mediated uptake ofglucose . GLUT 4transporters are requiredfor the uptake ofglucose into the cell

Insulin does increase glucoseuptake in skeletal muscle, cardiacmuscle, smooth muscle, adiposetissue, leukocytes, and the liver.

Insulin does notpromote glucose uptake by mostbrain cells

90 % of the glucose isstored in adipocytes asfat and the adipocytes arethe important sites ofglucose action

Insulin removes glucose from the circulation andpromotes its conversionto glycogen andlipids. Insulin promotesthe conversion of fattyacids to lipids, and

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the uptake of amino acidsinto liver and skeletalmuscle, where theyare elaborated intoproteins and thus it is aanabolic in nature.

15. Which of the following amino acids has anonpolar side chain?

a. Asparagineb. Threoninec. Serined. Valine

Ans . D. valineRef::Dentest basic sciences-Biochemistry

Eight Aminoacids termed nonpolar includeall those with

1. alkyl chain R groups ---alanine, valine, leucine,isoleucine

2. cyclic structureproline3. sulfur containing

methionine4. Aromatic ---phenyl

alanaine and Tryptophan

The nonpolar aminoacid proline has a structuralfeature not found in any otherstandard amino acid. Its sidechain, a propyl group, is bondedto both the a-carbon atom and theamino nitrogen atom, giving acyclic side chain.

D

16. One of the following terms is not related

a. Inducerb. Enhancerc. Zymogend. Silencer

Ans D. Zymogen

Genetics manual: currenttheory, concepts, terms By G.P. Rdei1112-1162

Inducer , silencer and enhancerare related to regulation ofproteins ( enzymes and hencegenes)

The inactive precursors of theenzymes are called zymogens orproenzymes.

Enhancer ---Cis acting positive

D

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regulatory elements positionedeither upstream or downstream ofthe inititiation of the transcription

Inducer is a substrate or a analogof a substrate of an enzymeprevents a repressor protein fromattaching to the promoter(operator) of a gene and facilitatesits expression. The promoterand enhancer regulates (increases) the enzymatic activity

Silencer is a negative regulatoryelement reducing the transcriptionof the region involving targetgenes

17. Which of the following is not found inserum?

a. 2 macroglobulinb. Ceruloplasminc. Haptoglobind. Fibrinogen

Ans D. Fibrinogen.

Serum refers to plasma thathas undergone coagulationand thus is devoid offibrinogen and many othercoagulation factors.

D

18. A nucleoside differs from a nucleotide inthat

a. It contains deoxy riboseb. Only purine bases are presentc. It does not contain phosphated. It is present in ribonucleic acids only

Ans C. nucleoside does notcontain phosphate

Nucleosideconsists of anitrogen baseplus 5-carbonsugar

Nucleotideconsists of anitrogen baseplus a 5-carbon

C

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sugar phosphate

19. Which of the following is not true regardingglucose?

a. It is an aldohexoseb. It is a reducing sugarc. It is present in starch and cellulosed. It is an epimer of fructose

Ans D

Glucose is an epimer ofmannose and galactose . It isnot an epimer of fructose.Monosaccharides differing in theorientation of substituents aroundone of their asymmetrical carbonsare called epimers.

For example, n-mannose is a C-2 epimer of glucose, and D-galactose is a C-4 epimer ofglucose.

glucose and galactose areepimers because they differin steochemistry only at onehydroxyl group. similarly,glucose and mannose areepimers, but mannose aregalactose are not becausetheir stereochemistry variesat more than one -OH group.

D

MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY20. Antiseptic techniques in surgery was

introduced bya. Joseph Listerb. Louis Pasteurc. Metchnikoffd. Rober Koch

Ans A. Joseph Lister

Ref : Medical microbiology byAnant narayanan-1st/1

Lister applied the discoveries ofPasteurto surgery and introduced hisaseptic principles in 1865. Healso introduced phenol

1683---Anton vonleeuwanhoek --is the firstto demonstrate bacteriaby his own microscope 1767- Haunter --

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inoculated himself andgotinfected with syphilis 1796Edward jenner---

Introduced vaccineagainst small pox 1850pollender and

Davaine discoveredanthrax organism. 1854- John snow

showed that colera istransmitted bycontaminated waterheis also known as fatherof epidemiology. 1822-95Lious pastuer

introduced differentmethods of sterilization.He is the father ofbacteriology . He alsointroduced vaccineagainst rabies, choleraand anthrax wendel holmes (1847)

and Ignas semmelweiss( 1843) showed thathandwashing with antisepticsgreatly reduces the puerperalfever during obstrecianprocedures

Robert Koch( 1848-1910)- developedstaining methods andculture media.Pioneer in diagnosticbacteriology. Ruska( 1934)

introduced electronmicroscope. Twort and

deherelle( 1917)discoveredbacteriophages. Paul Ehrlich( 1910)

discovered firstantimicrobial( magicbullet) salvarsanagainst syphilis Alexender flemming

( 1885-1955)---deiscovered the firstantibiotic-- pencillin

.

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21. Widal test is an example ofa. Complement fixationb. latex co-agglutinationc. Slide flocculationd. Tube agglutination

Ans D. widal test is Tubeagglutination

Antigen antibody reactiontests

Slideflocculation VDRL test

Tubeflocculation Kahn test forSyphilis

Doublediffusion Elek test forDiptheria

SlideAgglutination BloodGouping and cross matching

TubeAgglutination Widal testfor typhoid

Agglutination test with

R.B.C asantigen Paul Bunneltest

Coombs testPassive

Agglutination test Rose waalartest

Complementfixation test Wassermantest, TPI test

D

22. Virulence in diphtheria bacillia is due topresence of

a. Bacteri ophageb. Capsulec. Haemolysinsd. Pili

Ans A. BacteriophageRef : microbiology by anantnarayanan-8th/234

Acqusition of new property by abacterium when it is lysogenizedby bacteriophage is called Phageconversion. Example for thislysogenic conversion is seen inCoryenebacterium diptheria.

The virulence of the Diphtheria isrelated to the toxin production.The toxigenecity of the bacteriadepends upon the presence in itof corynephages( tox+), whichacts as genetic determinants in

A

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controlling toxic production

Nontoxigenic strains can berendered toxic by infecting themwith beta phage . This is knownas lysogenic conversion. Thebacteria remains toxic as long asthe bacilli in the lysogenic phase.

Depending upon the severity ofthe clinical condition thee arethree strainsgravis , intemediusand the mitis. Gravis is the severeand the mitis is the milder form.

Corynebacteria is alsoknown as Klebs Lofflerbacilli( kLB) It contains volutin or

Babes Ernest granulesand polar bodies Volutin granules can be

demonstated by Alberts,Neissers or pondersstain They are arranged in

Chinese or cuneiformpattern due to incompleteseparation of daughtercells after binary fission Loefflers serum and

tellurite blood agar arethe common mediaemployed forcorynebacteria.

23. Candida albicans is aa. Dimorphic fungib. Filamentous fungic. True yeastd. Yeast like fungi

Ans D. Yeast like fungiRef : Microbiology by Anantnarayanan-8th/610

Candida albicans is apathogenic yeast-like fungus.Moulds or filamentous fungi formtrue mycelia and reproduce by theformation of different types ofspores

A dimorphic fungus growing as amycelial form at roomtemperature and as a Yeast format particular temperature --eg

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Histoplasmosis, Coccidioides,Blastomyces ,etc..,,

24. Autoinfection is seen in infection witha. Hook wormb. Pin wormc. Round wormd. Whip worm

Ans B. Enterobius vermicularis( Pinworms)Ref: Introduction to MedicalMicrobiology by anatnarayanan-1st/122iEnterobius verm cularis((Oxyuriasis, Pinworm/Threadworm /seatwormInfection) infests in largeintestine and causes perianalitching. Self-infection results fromperianal scratching and transportof infective eggs on the hands orunder the nails to the mouth. (foeco-oral route)

Strongyloides stercoralis alsocauses autoinfection

B

GENERAL PATHOLOGY GENERAL PATHOLOGY25. All of the following are cellular adaptations

EXCEPTa. Atrophyb. Dysplasiac. Hyperplasiad. Metaplasia

Ans:- BRef; Pocket companion toRobbins and Cotran pathologicbasis of disease 7th/3

Among the options Dysplasia isthe only one that can be selectedby elimination . However in manytext books it is also given as aform of cellular adaptation

Excessive physiologicand pathologic stimulicauses the followingsequence of changes inthe cell. They are insequence 1. Adaptation2. Reversible cell injuryand 3. Reversible cellinjury.

In cellbiology and pathophysiology, Cellular

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adaptation refers tochanges made bya cell in response toadverse environmentalchanges- physiologic(al)(normal) or pathologic(al)(abnormal).Thesechanges includeatrophy, hypertrophy,

hyperplasia, and metaplasia.

Reversible cell injurydenotes the pathologicalchanges that can berestored to normalcywhen the stimulus isremoved

Irreversible cell injurydenotes the pathologicalchanges that cannot berestored to normalcy andultimately leads to celldeath.

Cell death is Necrosis andApoptosis. Necrosis is alwayspathological whereas apoptosismay also serve a number ofphysiological process and is notnecessarily associated with cellinjury.

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26. Which of the following is NOT a Haemolyticanaemia?

a. Hereditary spherocytosisb. Megaloblastic anaemiac. Sickle cell anaemiad. Thalassemia

Ans . BPocket companion to Robbinsand Cotran pathologic basis ofdisease-7th/324.Megaloblastic anemia is not ahemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia ischaracterized by abnormal orpremature destruction of RBCs.Hemolytic anemias may bebasically 1. Intracorpuscular 2.Extracorpuscular.

Hemolytic anemias may bebasically 1. Intracorpuscular 2.Extracorpuscular.

Intracorpuscular are hereditarywhere as Extracapsular areacquired in nature

Intracorpuscular/Hereditary

Abnormalities of RBC

1. Interior

a. Enzyme defects( G6 PD defect)

b. Hemoglobinopathies (Thallesmia, sickle cell anemia)

2. RBC membrane abnormalities

a. Hereditary spherocytosis ,Spur cell anemia

Extracorpuscular/acquired

3. Extrinsic factors

a. Hypersplenism

b. Antibody: immune hemolysis

c. Microangiopathic hemolysis

d. Infections, toxins, etc. e.Mismatchings, methotrxate therapyand hemolytic jaundi

B

27. Type I hyper sensitivity reaction is mediated Ans .C C

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bya. IgAb. IgDc. IgEd. IgG

Type I hyper sensitivity/Atopy reaction is mediatedby IgE antibody

28. All of the following are tumor suppressorgenes EXCEPT

a. Bcl2b. nF-1c. p53d. Rb

Ans A.Ref; Pocket companion toRobbins and Cotran pathologicbasis of disease 7th/165

BCl2 is antiapoptosis infunction and due to this effecttumor cells escape apoptosis.

The accumulation of neoplasticgenes require activation ofoncogenes and inactivation ofTumor suppressor genes as wellas suppression of aposptosis

Tumor suppressorgenes encode proteins thatgenerally function as negativeregulators of cell proliferation orpositive regulators of apoptosis

When this negative regulators aremade inactive by point mutations,allelic loss or chromosomedeletion, the result is abnormalproliferation of the cells.

Unlike oncogenes, tumorsuppressor genes generally followthe 'two-hit hypothesis', whichimplies that both alleles that codefor a particular gene must beaffected before an effect ismanifested

p53 aka TP53 encoding for53KDa protein is the mostcommonly mutated gene in50% of Human neoplasms

The first tumor-suppressor proteindiscovered wasthe Retinoblastoma protein (pRb)in human retinoblastoma

A

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Other examples of tumorsuppressors include PTEN,PTCH, NF-1, WT-1 gene,CDKN2A, TGFBR2,APC, CD95, ST5, ST7, and ST14.

29. Which is not included in Virchows triad?a. Abnormal blood flowb. Endothelial injuryc. Hypercoagulabilityd. Platelet dysfunction

Ans D. platelet dysfunction

There are three primaryinfluences on thrombus formation,so-called Virchow,s triad:

1. Endothelial injury isdominant and by itselfcan cause thrombosis(eg, endocarditis orulcerated atheroscleroticplaque).

2. Alteration in normalblood flow: normal bloodflow is laminar. Stasisand turbulence may leadto thrombus formation

3. Hypercoagulability:Alteration in thecoagulative pathway is amino condition that maygive rise to thrombus

D

DENTAL ANATOMY AND ORAL HISTOLOGY DENTAL ANATOMY AND ORALHISTOLOGY

30. The only symbolic tooth numbering systemisa.FDI systemb. palmer systemc. Universal systemd. ADA system

Ans B palmer system

The ZSIGMONDY / PALMARnotation uses the vertical linecrossed by the horizontal line andit indicates the quadrant of theteeth . TheZsigmondy/Palmer System stresses the anatomic likeness of theeight tooth types ineach symbolically identified

B

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dental quadrants

In 1984, the American DentalAssociation adopted theUniversal Tooth NumberingSystem. .

31. The total time required for the completion ofcell cycle for cultured mammalian cells is

a. 18-24 hoursb. 15 hoursc. 10 hoursd. 5 hours.

Ans A. 18-24 hoursRef : The biology of the cellcycle by Jm Mithcinson 1st/ 60

The total cycle time is 18-20hours, and mitosis takes about anhour, as in most mammalian cells.whereas the time taken to

synthesize DNA required forreplication is 6-8 hours.

G1/S/G2 = 9/6/4 hoursapproximately.

A

32. Ultra structurally basal lamina consists ofa. Lamina lucida and lamina densab. Lamina lucida and lamina durac. Lamina lucida, lamina densa and

lamina fibroreticularisd. Lamina densa and lamina

fibroreticularis

Oral anatomy, histology andembryology by B. K. B.Berkovitz -4th/232

Ultrastructurally this region isdescribed as the basal laminaand is highly organized.lt consists of a layer of laminalucida some 20-45 nm widetowards the epithelial sideand finely granular or filamentousmaterial about 20-120 nm thick,the lamina densa that is towardsthe connective tissue side.

33. Ultra structurally, elevations seen on thesurface of enamel which are 10-15micrometers are

a. Enamel capsb. Enamel ringsc. Enamel shoveld. Enamel brochs

Ans A. Enamel caps

Oral anatomy, histology andembryology by B. K. B.Berkovitz -4th/116

Surface enamel is less porous,more harder than subsurfaceenamel

It contains more of fluoride andless of carbonate compared tosubsurface enamel

Surface enamel is aprismatic and

A

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unabraded in many areas.It ishighly mineralized and resistant tocaries

The incremental lines of Retziusreach the surface enamel andappear as perikymata grooves,wave like concentric ringsparallel to the cemnetoenameljunction. These grooves areseparated by ridges.

Small elevations 10-15microns( enamel caps) anddepressions ( focal holes) arefound on the lateral surface.Enamel caps are thought to arisefrom enamel deposition of nonmineralized debris. Focal holesare thought to arise from loss ofenamel caps and loss ofunderlying material by abrasionand attrition.

Larger surfaceelevations, enamel brochs, 3050m in diameter, also occuroccasionally and consist ofradiating groups of crystals .Theyseem to be more common inpremolars but are of unknownorigin

34. Gene implicated in dentin mineralization isa. Shhb. PHEXc. MAPIBd. Fgf-3

Ans B. PHEX

Ref _ net sources

Dentin sialophosphoprotein

(DSPP) is an extracellular matrix,

typically dentin- and bone-specific

gene, which plays an important

role in dentin mineralization and

tooth development. It is not given

in the options.

some genes implied in various

functions associated with

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odontoblast differentiation

cell polarization ----MAP1B

dentin mineralization ----PHEX, osteoadherin

relationships betweenodontoblasts and nerve

cells -----reelin-.

Odontoblastic specific ---dentin Slalophosphoprot

eln (dspp) presents this

Shh is involved in signaling and

FGF-3 and FGF-10 have

redundant functions in the tooth

mesenchyme, downregulating

growth factors in postmitotic

odontoblasts.

Phosphate-regulating neutral

endopeptidase also known as X-

linked hypophosphatemia

protein (HYP)

ormetalloendopeptidase

homolog PEX is an enzyme that

in humans is encoded by

the PHEX gene.This gene

contains 18 exons and is located

on the X chromosome.

The protein encoded by this gene

is a

transmembrane endopeptidase th

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at belongs to the type II integral

membrane zinc-dependent

endopeptidase family. The protein

is thought to be involved in bone

and dentin mineralization and

renal phosphate reabsorption

35. Multipolar mode of matrix secretion is seenwith

a. Odontoblastsb. Ameloblastsc. Fibroblastsd. cementoblasts

Oral anatomy, histology andembryology by B. K. B.Berkovitz -4th/352

The multipolar mode of matrixsecretion is seen by thecementoblasts and osteoblasts incementum and bone.

And, like osteocytes in bone, thecementocytes are trapped in thecementum matrix . As in bone,rapid formation and a multipolarmode of matrix deposition areheld responsible for theentrapment of cells in thecementum matrix.Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum(CIFC) is-called bone-like tissueOdontoblasts and ameloblastsexhibit unidirectional matrixformation.

36. In the striated ducta. Reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- and

secretion of K+ and HCO-3 occursb. Macro molecules like lactoferrin and

lysozymes are addedc. Active transport of water occursd. Secretion of Na+ and cl- and

reabsorption of K+ and HCO-3 occurs

Ans A

Ref:Oral anatomy, histologyand embryology By B. K. B.Berkovitz4th/265

The ducts do not appearto secrete fluid but howeverthey are not mere conduits. They reabsorb much NaCl

but very little water. Na*-K* pumps (Na*-K*

activated ATPase) arepresent .i There is

ductal reabsorption of Na+and Cl-exceedsthe secretion of K+ and

A

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HCO3". This process isunder the control ofaldosterone

Constant amount of K + issecreted irrespective of therate of flow of saliva whereas the reabsorption of Na+decreases as the rate ofsalivary flow increases

Active transport of waterdoes not occur thusmakings the saliva a ahypotonic luminal fluid..

37. Fast conducting myelinated fibres whichevoke a sharp pulpal pain is

a. C-fibersb. A-delta fibersc. Goll and burdach fibresd. Ruffinis organ

Ans B. A- Delta fibres

Two types of nerve fibers conductpain:1. A Delta They are thick andmyelinated with a faster rate ofconduction. Pain is calledfirstpain, or fast pain and is betterlocalized.

2. C Fibers They are thin andnon-myelinated with a slower rateof conduction and are more innumber than the A-Delta fibers.Pain is called second pain orslow pain orpathological painand cannot be localized.

B

PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY38. The Antihypertensive contraindicated in

pregnancy isa. Enalaprilb. Labetalolc. Methyldopad. Nifedipine

Ans A. EnalaprilRef: pharmacology by KDTripati-6th/ 466

Drugs which should be avoidedin pregnancy include: ACEinhibitors, angiotensin receptorblockers, diuretics,reserpine,proponalol, Sodium nitroprusside.

HT of pregnancy should betreated with any of the followingdrugs: Methyldopa, nifedipine,

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labetalol, Hydralazine,atenolol,prazosin, clonidine.

39. The diuretic which does not producehypokalemia

a. Acetazolamideb. Amiloridec. Frusemided. Thiazide

Ans B. AmilorideRef: pharmacology by KDTripati-6th/ 621

The common side effectof loop diuretics is loss ofpotassium leading tohypokalemia. Potassium sparing

diuretics do not producehypokalemia.

Postassium sparingdiuretics areTriameterene , amilorideand Spirnolactone.

Normally sodium andpotassium are exchanged in the

distal tubule. Na + isreabsorbed into the bloodand K+ is secreted intothe tubule. Triametereneand amiloride block thisexchange as a resultPotassium stays back inthe blood ( Body)withoutexchange and Sodium isexcreted in the urine.

Spirnolactone acts asaldosterone antagonist.Blocking aldosteroneenhances sodiumexcretion and retention ofpotassium

Eplerenone is newaldosterone antagonist

Potassium sparingdiuretics are weakdiuretics and hence areused with along loopdiuretics

B

40. The following are positive inotropic agentsEXCEPT

Ans A . Amiodarone A

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a. Amiodaroneb. Amrinonec. Digoxind. Dopamine

An inotrope is an agentthat alters the force orenergy of muscularcontractions..

Positively inotropicagents increase thestrength of muscularcontraction.

Negatively inotropicagents weaken the forceof muscular contractions

Among giving optionsAmiodarone has negativeionotropic action on longterm use. It is anantiarrythamatic drug

Digoxin is glycoside withpositive ionotropic action

Amrinone is a nonglycoside with positiveionotropic action Dopamine is a

sympayhomimeticpositive ionotropic agent

41. The calcium channel blocker preferred in thetreatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage is

a. Amlodipineb. Felodipinec. Nitrendipined. nimodipine

Ans .D. nimodipine

Ref: Essentials ofPharmacology for Dentistry byTripathi-1st/173

Calcium channelblockers, such asnimodipine, which isspecifically indicated foruse in subarachnoidhaemorrhage, can beused to preventvasospasm andprevention of neurologicaldefects

D

Madhya Pradesh-2011

oral antihypertensivetherapy using a B-blocker(eg atenolol or labetolol)can also be given

Anticonvulsants(phenytoin) can be givento prevent convulsions,which increase therebleeding

Dexamethasone can beused to reduce theintracranial pressure

42. Prostaglandin analog used to heal NSAIDinduced peptic ulcer is

a. Carboprostb. Epoprostenolc. Latanoprostd. misoprostol

Ans D- misoprostol

Ref : Essentials ofPharmacology for Dentistry byTripathi-1st/265

Misoprostol is the prostaglandinanalogue used in the treatment ofNSAID induced peptic ulcer

D

43. Following are adverse effects of phenytoinEXCEPT

A. HIRSUTISMB. HypoglycemiaC. OsteomalaciaD. Gum Hypertrophy

Ans B. Hypoglycemia

Ref: Essentials ofPharmacology for Dentistry byTripathi-1st/146

Hypoglycemia is not a feature ofphenytoin side effectThe side effects of pheytoin are

gum hypertrophy,hirsutism,osteomalacia,megaloblastic anemia, Fetalhydantoin syndrome if used inpregnancy, hypersentivity reation.

B

44. Vitamin K is the antidote fora. Heparinb. Clopidogrelc. Streptokinased. Warfarin

Ans D Warfarin

Ref: Essentials ofPharmacology for Dentistry byTripathi-1st/252,360

vitamin K is the antidote

D

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for coumarin overdose, andprotamine is the antidotefor heparin overdose.

45. Drug of choice for treatment of malignanthyperthermia is

a. Donepezilb. Dantrolenec. Quinined. Tizanidine

Ans B. Dantrolene

Ref: Essentials ofPharmacology for Dentistry byTripathi-1st/128

Dantrolene a directly actingmuscle relaxant is the drug ofchoice for malignanthyperthermia.

B

46. Following are mydriatics EXCEPTa. Atropineb. Phenylephrinec. Physostigmined. Tropicamide

Ans C. PhysostigmineRef: Essentials ofPharmacology for Dentistry byTripathi-1st/76

Anticholinergics , alphaadregenics , antimuscuranic ganglionicblockers are are mydriaticin action ( dilation ofpupil)

Muscuranic agonists,Anticholinesterases,adregenic neuroneblockers, alphaadregenic antagonistsare miotic in action (constriction of pupil)

Among the given optionsphysostigmine is ananticholinesterase whichresults in miosis.

C

47. Uro selective1 blocker used in benignhypertrophy of prostate

a. Doxazosinb. Prazosin

Ans C, Tamsulosin

Refer question No.55, AIPG

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

c. Tamsulosind. Terazosin

2011

Tamsulosin is generallyprescribed for men with benignenlarged prostate glands. Itrelaxes the muscle around thegland,freeing the flow of urine. Incase of urinary stones,It alsorelaxes the muscles of uterus andpermits free flow of stones ifpresent.

DENTAL MATERIALS DENTAL MATERIALS

48. Function of Beryllium in Ni-Cr alloysa. To decrease castabilityb. To lower melting rangec. To increase melting rangea. To eliminate hypersensitivity

Cobalt and Nickel

Chromium

Molybdenum

Tungsten

Carbon

Aluminium

Berrylium

Silicon and Manganese

Ruthinium

Boron

Ans B.Berrylium increases castability

of base metal alloys bydecreasing the fusiontemperature

B

49. Which of the following statements isincorrect?

a. Pulpal irritation was minimal in theabsence of bacteria regardless of thepresence of chemical irritants.

b. In total-etch technique, the same

Ans C

The use of the total-etch technique is one

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

conditioning agent i.e., phosphoric acidis applied to both dentin and enamel

c. In fourth generation dental adhesivetechniques, extensive drying of bothenamel and dentin after total etch isrequired before application of bondingagent.

d. All of the above.

of the maincharacteristics offourth-generationbonding systems. Thetotal-etch techniquepermits the etching ofenamel and dentinsimultaneously usingphosphoric acid( 37%)for 15 to 20 seconds.The surface must beleft moist ("wetbonding")( option C isincorrect and hence thecorrect answer)

In vivo data show thatthese chemicals havean effect on the pulp,however, the effectseems to be short livedand in the absence ofbacteria, reversible -Bergenholtz, ( option Ais correct )

In total-etch technique,(Fusayamas total etchtechnique )the sameconditioning agent i.e.,phosphoric acid ( 37%)isapplied simultaneously toboth dentin and enamelbut only the amount oftime period betweenenamel and dentin varies.The use of the total-etchtechnique

starts with application of the acidto the enamel area, which after15 seconds isextended to the dentine area.After a total of 30 seconds, theprocedure of etching isto be finished by removing theetching gel by means of water

Madhya Pradesh-2011

spray. The optimumperiod of dentine etching shouldbe approx. 15 seconds( option Bis correct)

50. All of the following are tests for determiningbody burden of mercury, EXCEPT

a. Analysis of bloodb. Analysis of urinec. Analysis of salivad. Analysis of hair

Ans C.

Body burden of mercurycannot be done by analysis ofsaliva

No direct reference can befound.

Measures of body burden ofMercury

Measures ofmercury concentration inman haveincluded mercury levelsin the urine, blood,plasma, red blood cells.

Urine, stool, andblood tests do not givean accurate indicationof the total bodyburden of mercury,because thesemethods only measureshallow body poolsof mercury.

The most reliablemethod is hairtesting, because itmeasures a muchlonger excretionperiod.

In general, a timedurine collection isreliable

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

for determining bodyburden of elemental orinorganic mercury,and generally reflectsexposures over theprevious month or two

The threshold limitvalue of mercuryexposures is 0.05 mg /m3

51. As long as stress is not greater than theproportional limit, the energy is known as

a. Strainb. Poissons rationc. Resilienced. Flexibility

Ans C

Ref : Dentest-Gowrisankarbasics dental materials

Resilience: Resilience is definedas the amount of energy absorbedby a structure when it is stressednot to exceed its proportional limit.Commonly the term resilience isassociated with springiness. Thearea of the stress-strain graphwithin the elastic limit definesresilience. The material with alarger elastic area is said to havehigher resilience. However thetotal area under the stress straingraph is a measure of toughness.Restorative materials shouldexhibit elastic modulus and a lowresilience.

C

52. Which among the following is not a bindermaterial?

a. -calcium sulphate hemihydrateb. Cristobalitec. Phosphated. Ethyl silicate

Ans B.

Cristobalite, quartz, silica arerefractory materials

Calcium sulphate hemihdtae(gypsum), phosphate andethylsilicate are binders inrespective investing materials..

B

53. Tensile strength of alumina-ceramic isa. 120 Mpab. 50 Mpac. 27-55 Mpa

Ans A. 120 MPA

Ref; Phillips dental materials

A

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d. 30-60 Mpa 11th /92

Aluminous core porcelains havemodulus of elasticity of 350-418GPa and tensile strength of 120MPa.

Flexural strength is combinedstrength of compressive strengthand tensile strength. Flexuralstrength of some porcelainmaterials are .

In ceram - 450 Mpa

Dicor - 152 Mpa

optic HSP - 150 Mpa

IPS - 150 Mpa

54. An example for machinable all-ceramic isa. Cerconb. IPS Empress2c. Inceram spinelld. OPC 3G

Ans A. Cercon

The question should have beenthe system available formachining ceramic blocksbecause the cercon is the systemfor machinable ceramics

Systems available for themachining of the ceramicblocks:- DCS Precident( 1989)

- Procera ( 1993)

- CEREC inLAB ( 2001)

- Cercon ( 2001)

- Everest ( 2002)

- Lava (2002)

A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

- CEREC 3D ( 2003)

- TurboDent (2005)

- E4D Dentist (2008)

Machinable ceramics areavailable as prefabricated glass-ceramic ingots. Machinableceramics are supplied as blockswhich are fabricated into onlays,inlays, crowns with the help ofCAD- CAM or copymilling

Among the systems available today arethe except

1. powder-slurry ceramics(e.g. Optec HSP, DuceramLFC

2. castable ceramics (e.g.Dicor),

3. machinable ceramics (e.g.Cerec Vitablocks, Dicor MGC),

4. infiltrated ceramics (e.g.In-Ceram), and

5. pressable ceramics (e.g.IPS Empress and OptecPressable Ceramic).

CAD CAM restorations .CEREC is the firstcommercial system. egDicorMGC, vitablocsMK-II

Copy millingblocks ofINceram and inceramspinell are used currently

** First casatable ceramic isDICOR** First CAD CAM ceramic isDICOR-MGC using CERECsystem.

Pressable IPS empress -2 is the first ceramicused for fabrication of 3-unit FPD in 1990

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55. No wetting occurs if contact angle isa. 00 Cb. 1800Cc. 900Cd.

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57. Custom tray is a must for taking impressionwith

a. Polysulphideb. Polyetherc. Alginated. Addition silicone

Ans A.Phillips dental materials 11th/219

The custom made tray minimizesthe dimensional changesassociated with the impressionmaterials. This is particularly trueofpolysulphide impressionmaterial.

A

ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL PATHOLOGY58. All are true about hand, foot and mouth

disease EXCEPT:a. Tender vesicles in mouth, papules on

hand and feetb. Transient feverc. Most commonly in children1010F on one occasionb. Duration of fever >3 weeksc. Defined in 1961d. Failure to reach a diagnosis despite 1

week of inpatient investigations.

Ans A.Temperature >1010F shouldbe present on severaloccasions

Fever of unknown origin (FUO)was defined in 1961 byPetersdorf and Beeson as thefollowing:(1) a temperature greater than

38.3C (101F) on severaloccasions,(2) more than 3 weeks' duration

of illness, and

A

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(3) failure to reach a diagnosisdespite 1 week of inpatientinvestigation.

60. A painless irregular ulcer covered with apersistent exudates, with a firm underminedborder is characterisitic of

a. Aphthous ulcerb. Tuberculosisc. Behcets diseased. Herpes simplex

Ans B. Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis: A painless,solitary, 15 cm, irregularulcer covered with a persistentexudate; ulcer has a firmundermined border

B

61. All are features of Oral Hairy LeukoplakiaEXCEPT:

a. Caused by EBVb. Usually seen on the lateral surface of

tonguec. Responds to high dose of acyclovir, but

recurd. Causes great discomfort to the patients

Ans D .Ref: Oral pathology by Shaffer -6th/88

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is alsocalled Greenspan lesion and isusually asymptomatic. It is apremalignant condition seen inAIDS patients.

D

62. Oral premalignant condition include all thefollowng EXCEPT

a. Erythroplakiab. C/c Hyperplastic candidiasisc. Aphthous stomatitisd. Oral submucous fibrosis

A ns C. Apthous stomatitis is nota premalignant condition

C

63. Clinical features of adenolymphoma ofparotid includes all the following EXCEPT

a. Treated by radial parotidectomyb. Common in males, often bilateralc. Trapping jugular lymph sac in parotid

during developmentd. Usually arises from the lower pole.

Ans A.Ref: Shaffer oral pathology-6th/226

It is benign in nature andsuperficial. It is treatedwith partial parotidectomyby preserving the facialnerve. Radialparotictemoy is done formalignant lesions

It is also called asCystadenomalymphamatosum/adenolymphoma.

It is not maliganantlesion. It is a benign

A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

lesion.

It is seen exclusively inparotid, very few casesare seen insubmandibular. It doesnotoccur in intraoral

salivary gland.

Higher incidence seen insmokers.

EBV virus has beenimplicated in the etiology

Seen in men in 6-70years age group.oftenbilateral in 10 pecent ofthe cases( option B iscorrect)

It is benign in nature.

Hyperimmune reactionwith salivary gland cellsundergoing oncocytechanges

Malignant transformationis very rare

The current concept isthat its arises from theparotid gland tissueentrapped in paraparotidand intraparotidlymphnodes duringdevelopment.( option Cis correct)

It is usually superficialand arises justunderneath the parotidcapsule. Usually arisesfrom the inferior pole.(option D is correct)

64. Which of the following pathology do notshow liquefactive degeneration of basal celllayer?

Ans D

In the given options pemphigus

D

Madhya Pradesh-2011

a. Lichen planusb. Lichenoid reactionc. Lupus erythematosisd. Pemphigus

do not showliquefactive degeneration of basalcell layer

Lichenoid Reaction Thesereactions are toshow degeneration ofbasal epidermal cells. In additionto lichen planus it includeserythema multiforme,dermatomyositis and lupuserythematosis

In pemphigus vulgaris, blistersusually occur just above the basalcell layer (suprabasilaracantholysis) granular layer

65. Which of the statement is false about focalreversible pulpitis?

a. Application of ice results in pain whichdoes not subside with removal of thethermal stimuli

b. Responds to electric pulp testing at alower level of current than contralateralteeth

c. Sensitivity to percussion absentd. Dilation of pulpal vessels occur

Ans D.

Shaffer oral pathology 5th/475

Focal Reversible PulpitisOne of the earliest forms ofpulpitis is the condition knownas focal reversible pulpitis. At onetime, this was often referred to aspulp hyperemia. However, it isknown that vascular dilatation canoccur

Application of ice results in painwhich subsides with removal ofthe thermal stimuli

Responds to electric pulp testingat a lower level of current thancontralateral teeth indicatinglower threshold or increasedsensitivity .

D

66. Gutafsons Index for Age estimation doesnot involve this characteristic of tooth

a. Root translucency

Shaffer oral pathology 6th/875

Madhya Pradesh-2011

b. Periodontal attachment lossc. Cervical abrasiond. Cementum deposition at apex

In 1950,Gosta Gustafson proposed amultivariate method of ageestimation based onmorphological and histologicalchanges of the teeth. ( sixcriteria)

His method combined scores frommeasurements of

attrition

loss of periodontal

attachment(periodontitis)

, secondary dentinedeposition ,

cementum apposition,

root dentine translucency.

root resorption

67. True about cleft lip and palatea. Polygenic is most common and high

risk typeb. Polygenic is less common and low

risk typec. Monogenic is most common and less

risk typed. Monogenic is less common and high

risk type

Ans D. Monogenic is lesscommon and high risk typeShaffer oral pathology 6th/17

Two forms

1. Polygenic with highthreshold and hencelow risk. This is mostcommon and hereditaryin nature

2. Monogenic with lowthreshold and high risk. Fortuntaely thisclefting syndromes areless than 5%

D

RADIOLOGY RADIOLOGY

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68. Fixed post mitotic cells area. Spermatocytesb. Fibroblastsc. Endothelial cellsd. Muscle

Ans D.

Vegetative intermitotic cells

Primitive indifferentiation andhave high mitotic rate

Differentiatinginter mitotic cells

They divide regularlyand undergo somedifferentiation betweendivisions.

Multi potentialconnective tissuecells

These cells dividewhen there is ademand for more cells

Reverting postmitotic cells

they divide infrequently

Fixed post mitoticcells

Highly differentiatedcells and are incapableof division.

D

69. Clearing agent in fixer solution isa. Ammonium chlorideb. Ammonium Thio Sulfatec. Ammonium sulfated. Ammonium oxalate

Ans B.

Fixing solution is acidic in nature. Itcontains

Clearing (or) fixingagent

ammonium thiosul fate (hypo

Acidifier Acetic acid

B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

Preservative Sodium

sulfite

Hardner Aluminium pot- assium sulfate

70. Phleboliths are seen ina. Dental pulpb. Salivary Gland Ductc. Cavernous Haemangiomad. Subepithelial bulla

Anc . C. CavernousHaemangioma

Sialoliths are seen in salivaryglandOdontolith are seen in dentalpulpPhlebolith are seen in cavernoushemangionaUroliths/ nephrolith are seen in

Bladder

C

71. Units of radiation exposure isa. Radb. Roentgenc. Remd. Seivert

Ans B. roentgenFrequently repeated questionSee HP -2010 q No.45 fordetailed description.

B

ORAL SURGERY ORAL SURGERY72. The maximum dosage of local anesthetic

agent like lidocaine must be reduced whenused in combination with a CNSand/respiratory depressant because, it mayresult in

a. Seizuresb. Comac. Deathd. All of the above.

Ans D.allof the above

Mcdonaldpedoodontics-8thed/234

Lidocaine toxicity will result inCNS excitation and seizuresand ultimately coma and death.As a result, the maximumdosage of localanesthetic must be reducedwhen used in combination witha CNS and/or respiratorydepressant. ...

D

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73. The most common reason for removal ofimpacted mandibular third molars

a. Referred painb. Orthodontic treatmentc. Recurrent periocoronitisd. Chronic periodontal disease

Ans c. Recurrent periocoronitis C

74. Enbloc resection of the jaw bonea. Complete resection of the jaw boneb. Resection of half of the affected jawc. Resection of the tumor onlyd. The entire tumor is removed intact

with a rim of uninvolved bone whilemanintaining continuity of jaw

Ans D. Bhalaghi oral surgery-1st/375

Repeat kar-2007En-bloc resection It is theremoval of the tumour with arim of uninvolved bonebutmaintaining the continuity ofthe jaw. The technique of en-bloc resectionrequires anosteotomy approximately 1-2cm from the margin of thetumourMainly used in the treatment ofameloblastoma

D

75. The intercanthal distance suggestive oftraumatic telecanthus is

a. 30 mmb. 32 mmc. 25 mmd. 40 mm

Ans D Bhalaghi oral surgery-1st/632Ref: Principles of oral surgeryby Petersen, 2nd ed., p 496)A ruler or caliper should beused to measure theintercanthal distance. Thenormaldistance is 28.6 mm to 33.0 mmfor adult women; it is 28.9 mmto 34.5 mm foradult men.Increased widths( > 45mm)suggest an NOE (naso orbitalethmoid) fracture.

D

76. Which of the following is used for Figure ofeight wiring for stabilization of subluxatedteeth in alveolar injuries

a. 0.23 mm stainless steel wireb. 0.35 mm stainless steel wirec. 0.45 mm stainless steel wired. 0.55 mm stainless stel wire

And BRepeat kar-2007

For alveolar injuries 26 gaugewire or 0.3 mm wire is used.For intermaxillary fixation 0.55mmstainless steel wire is used.For transnasal wiring30 guage wire is used.

B

77. Carnoys solution is used in the treatment ofa. Odontogenic Keratocystb. Ameloblastomec. Dentigerous cystd. Mucocele

Ans A.Repeat kar-2007

Carnoys solution is used in thetreatment of odontogenic

A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

Keratocyst

78. Freys syndrome can occur followinga. Saggital osteotomyb. Cald wel Iuc operationc. Parotidectomyd. Marsupilization

Ans C.Repeat kar-2007

Freys syndrome orgustatotory sweating resultsfrom injury to auriculo temporalnerve during Parotidectomy

C

79. Which of the following infection is the causefor multiple sites of osteomyelitis of the jaw

a. Peritonsillar abscessb. Local traumac. Hematogenous infectiond. Buccal space infection

Ans c. Hematogenous infection

Repeat kar-2007

C

80. The oral cleft problem occurs between theperiod of

a. 1st and 2nd week of embryo-fetal lifeb. 6th and 10th week of embryo-fetal

lifec. 3rd week of embryo-fetal lifed. None of the above.

Ans B

The organogenesis occurs inthe face between 6-12 weeks

The palate forms between 8-12weeks and

B

81. Cavernous sinus thrombosis can occur dueto spread of odontogenic infection via

a. Tissue spacesb. Lymphatic routec. Hematogenous routed. All of the above

Ans C.

Cavernous sinus thrombosiscan occur due to spread ofodontogenic infection viaHematogenous route

Dangerous zone of face is theupper lip and nose region fromwhich infection may lead tocavernous sinus thrombosis.

The veins of the dangerousarea of face are valve less andallow retrograde infection,which is carried by facial,angular and naso frontal veinsand superior ophthalmic veinsinto cavernous sinus.

C

82. The least difficult impaction to removesurgically is

a. Vertical

And B. Mesioangular

Generally, this question is

B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

b. Mesioangularc. Distoangulard. Horizontal

repeated in many exams.Mesioangular impactions aredifficult in upper jaw whereasthey are the easiestin the lower jaw. The questionwas probably intended to askthat of lower jaw.

83. The distance from the apical end of theimplant and superior aspect of inferioralveolar CEI should be minimum of

a. 2mmb. 4mmc. 6mmd. 5mm

Ans A.Refer Comed 2008 Q No.162.for detailed description onimplant and distances.

A

84. When a facial fracture effectively separatesthe alveolus and palate from the facialskeleton above it is called

a. Le Forte Ib. Le Forte IIc. Le Forte IIId. None of the above.

Ans A; Le Forte I

Le Forte I: Thefragment separatedby a fracture of thistype comprises thevault of the palate,the alveolar processes from the facialskeleton

Le Fort III - fracturesseparate the facialskeleton from theneurocranium.

A direct blow overthe malar eminenceof the zygomaticbonemay separate azygomatic fragmentfrom the frontal,temporal andmaxillaryattachments toproduce a so-called 'tripod fracture.

Le Fort I

Involvesmaxilla andpalatal

Low level orGuerinfracture ofHorizontal orTelescopic

A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

bones fracture

Le Fort II

InvolvesFrontalprocess ofmaxilla,nasal andlacrimal

Pyramidal orinfrazygomatic fracture

runs pyramedially from nasal bonemaxilla lacrimal bonezygomatic buttress tuberosity

Movement of entire middle third of the face at the nasalbridge as well as infraorbitalmargin and zygomaticofrontalsuture

Le Fort III

Involvesethmoid ,sphenoidandzygomaticarches alsoin additionto maxillanasal andlacrimal

High level orsuprazygomatic fracture

LF III fracture line runs from nasofrontal regionbone ethmoid bone fissure greater wing of sphenoidwith this, fractures the zygomatic arches on both sides.

Movement of the entire middlethird of face at zF suture butnot at infraorbital margin.There is hooding of eyes Hoodingof eyes occurs because whole of middle 3down and eyeballs also moveupper eyelid

ExtendedLeFortfracture

Cranio orbitomaxillaryfracture

PERIODONTICS PERIODONTICS85. Bacterial plaque can effectively induce bone Ans B. 1.5 to 2.5mm B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

loss (Radius of action) is abouta. 1mmb. 1.5-2.5mmc. 3-5 mmd. 6mm 8mm

86. Small collagen fibres associated withlarge principal collage fibres are calleda. Secondary fibresb. Primary fibresc. Indifferent fibres plexusd. Tertiary fibres

Ans C. Indifferent fibresRepeat AIPG 2011

In addition of the principal fibres,small collagen fibers associatedwith the large principal collagenfibers have been detected .These fibers run in all directionsfrom a plexus called the ''indifferent fiber plexus''

C

87. ANUG is frequently associated withdeficiency of

a. Thiamineb. Riboflavinc. Niacind. Pyridoxine

Ans B. Riboflavin

Riboflavin and Vitamin cdeficiency predispose to ANUG

B

88. Which of the following is a root-conditioningagent?

a. Hydrogen peroxideb. Citric acidc. BenzoicAcidd. Sodium hypochlorite

Ans c. Citric acid

A freshly prepared citricacid solution of pH 1 is usedas a root conditioning agent.Other root-conditioningagents are EDTA, fibronectin,tetracycline and lasers.

B

89. After curettage how long does it take re-epitheliazation to occur?

a. 2-7 daysb. 4-5 weeksc. 1-3 daysd. 1-2 weeks

Ans A2-7 days.

Reepithelisation in curettageoccurs after 1 week

Complete epithelisation inextraction wounds occur after the end

of third week.

In gingivectomy -Surfaceepithelisation - completed 5-14 days In gingivectomy --

Complete epithelial repair - 1month

In gingivectomy ---Connective tissue repair - 7weeks (2 months)

A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

90. When occlusal forces exceed the adaptivecapacity of the tissue injury results. Theresultant injury is called

a. Traumatic occlusionb. Bruxismc. Trauma from occlusiond. Tissue injury

Ans C. Trauma from occlusion C

91. Splitting of two rooted tooth into twoseparate portions is called

a. Root resectionb. Hemisectionc. Furcationd. Recession

Ans B. Hemisection B

92. Current concepts of evaluating health carerequire a scientific basis for treatmentreferred as

a. Evidence based therapyb. Periodontal maintenancec. Tooth mortalityd. Prevention of loss of attachment

Ans A. Evidence basedtherapy

Current concepts of evaluating healthcare require ascientific basis for treatment. This isreferred to as evidence-basedtherapy.Evidence is now overwhelming thatperiodontal therapy is effective inpreventingperiodontal disease, slowing thedestruction of the periodontium, andreducing tooth loss.

A

93. Periodontitis is caused bya. Malnutritionb. Supra gingival plaquec. Bio-filmd. Faulty tooth brushing

Plaque is a soft deposit; wellorganised biofilm with microbialcolonisation;tenaciously adheres to tooth surfaceand other hard tissue. It showsregular internal pattern

periodontitis is caused by subgingivalplaue

Gingivtis is caused by supagingivalplaque which pogresses tosupragingival plaque.

C

94. Dental floss is used to preventa. Discoloration of teethb. Caries in teethc. Sensitivity in teethd. Inter proximal plaque formation

Ans D. Inter proximal plaqueformation

D

Madhya Pradesh-2011

95. Regeneration in periodontal therapy aims ata. Bone refillb. Repair of the bony defectc. Reconstitution of the lost periodontiumd. Removal of the diseased bone

Ans C. Reconstitution of thelost periodontium

(Ref: Carranza periodontology -9th/722)

The creation of a healthy sulcusand a restored periodontium istermed regenerationand entails a total restoration ofthe status that existed beforeperiodontal diseasebegan. This is, of course, theideal result of treatment. Newattachment withperiodontal regeneration is theideal outcome of therapy becauseit results inobliteration of the pocket andreconstruction of the marginalperiodontium.

C

96. Pellicle formation of enamel starts witha. Absorption of glycoprotein from salivab. Forcal areas of mineralizationc. Bacterial colonizationd. Absorption of endotoxins

Ans A.Absorption of glycoproteinfrom saliva

Pellicle is of salivary origin andappears on tooth surfacesimmediately aftercleansing Pellicle formation onenamel starts with absorption ofglycoprotein fromsaliva.It is prerequisite for the formationof plaque. Bacteria progressivelyaccumulate toform dental plaque.Pellicle is a salivary glycoproteinwithout bacteria. The first formedlayer after toothbrushing is Pellicle.

A

97. An enzyme present in saliva which causescell wall lysis

a. Lysozymeb. Perioxidasec. Lactoferind. Hyaluronidase

Ans A. Lysozyme A

98. Post extraction bleeding in a leukemicpatient is due to

a. Increase in leukocytes

Ans C. Platelet disorder C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

b. Low calcium levelc. Platelet disorderd. Deficiency of clotting factors

ORTHODONTICS99. Which of the following molar relationship is

the most common in primary?a. Mesial stepb. Distal stepc. Flush terminal planed. Cant say

Ans A. Mesial step

Repeat Karnataka-2007 q no.36.The molar relation common inprimary dentition is mesial step

The molar relation that is commonin Mixed dentition is flushterminal plane.

A

100. The type of space maintainer advised whenthere is bilateral loss of teeth same arch

a. Distal shoeb. Band and loopc. Band and bard. Lingual arch holding app

a. Ans D. Lingual archholding app 0.7mm

D

101. Adenoid facies is seen ina. Mouth breathing habitb. Bruxismc. Sub-mandibular lymphadenitisd. Thumb sucking habit

Ans A. Mouth breathing habit

Adenoid facies is seen inMouth breathing habit

A

102. Distal shoe guiding appliance isa. Habit Breaking Applianceb. Space regainerc. Helps in eruption of first permanent

molard. It is a type of pulpectomy procedure

Ans C. Distal shoe appliance isa space maintainer that is givenwhen there is prematureexfoliation of primary secondmolar before the eruption of thefirst permanent molar.

C

103. Anterior open bite and maxillary constrictionis caused by

a. Thumb suckingb. Nail bitingc. Bruxismd. None

Ans A.Thumb sucking

Narrowing of arch and openbiteoccurs in the Thumb suckinghabit.

A

104. Site at which ossification stops in themandible

a. mandibular lingualb. coronoid processc. symphysisd. angle of the mandible

Ans A.

Lingual represents the site atwhich the ossfification stops in themandible.

A

105. Adams claps for premolar is made using thefollowing diameter wire

b. 0.8mm

Ans. B. 0.7mm B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

c. 0.7mmd. 0.6mme. 0.5mm

Adams clasp is made of 0.7mm or22 guage wire

106. Transposition of teeth is most commonlyseen in the region of

a. Maxillary central and lateral incisorsb. Mandibular canine and first premolarc. Maxillary lateral incisor, canine and

premolard. Mandibular first and second premolars

Ans C.Repeat Karnataka 2007

Transposition of teeth is mostcommonly seen in the region ofMaxillary lateral incisor, canineand premolar

C

107. An expansion appliance made with anexpansion screw is an example

a. Simple anchorageb. Reciprocal anchoragec. Multiple anchoraged. Reinforced anchorage

Ans B. Reciprocal anchorage

Repeat Karnataka 2007

B

108. The optimal orthodontic force per squarecentimeter of the root surface area is held tobe

a. 18-22gmsb. 18-26gmsc. 20-26gmsd. 26-30gms

Ans C.20-26gmsper suarecentimetre

Repeat Karnataka 2007

C

109. All of the following are considered micro-skeletal units of the mandible as per thematrix theory EXCEPT:

a. Chinb. Glenoid fossac. Coronoid processd. Angle of the mandible

Ans B Glenoid fossa

Repeat Karnataka 2007

B

110. An example of a Tissue-borne applianceamong the following is

a. Activatorb. Bionatorc. Frankels Functional Regulatord. Twin Block

Ans C. Frankels FunctionalRegulatorRepeat Karnataka 2007

Frankels functional regulators arena of operation is buccal andvestibular sulcus.

C

111. The three main vertical pillars of trajectoriesof force arising from the alveolar processand ending in the base of the skull are allEXCEPT:

a. Canine pillarb. Zygomatic pillarc. Pterygoid pillard. Condylar pillar

Ans is DCondylar pillar

Repeat Karnataka 2007The trajectory line or a line ofstress extends from onecondyle to the other passingthrough the symphysis andalong with the lower border ofthe mandible.

D

112. The activator appliance was introduced bya. Robinb. Andresenc. Clarkd. Andrews

Ans B. AndresenRepeat Karnataka 2007

The Andresen appliance isintroduced by abdresen

B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

113. Bakers anchorage refers to the use ofa. Intramaxillary elasticsb. Intermaxillary elasticsc. Anterior vertical elasticsd. Cross elastics

Ans B. Intermaxillary elastics

Repeat Karnataka 2007Class II and class III areintermaxillary elastics andcalled as Bakers anchorage

B

114. The kind of force that is best suited fororthodontic tooth movement

a. Light continuous forcesb. Intermittent forcesc. Interrupted continuous forcesd. Heavy continuous forces

Ans A.Repeat Karnataka 2007

Light continuous forces issuited for orthodontic toothmovement.

A

115. Funtional matrix theory suggests that thedeterminant growth of skeletal tissuesresides in

a. Skeletalb. Suturesc. Cartilagesd. Non-skeletal tissues

Ans D. Non skeletal tissuesRepeat Karnataka 2007

Moss introduced the doctrineof functional matrix(1962)complimentary to theoriginal concept of functionalcranial component by Van derKlaauw( 1952) The functionalmatrix concept attempts tocomprehend the relationshipbetween form and function.The growth of skeletalcomponents is largelydepends on functionalmatrices or non skeletaltissues.

D

116. The SCAN index is generally used as aa. Malocclusion indexb. Treatment need indexc. Treatment change indexd. Treatment need index

Ans B. Treatment need indexRepeat Karnataka 2007

SCAN (Standardized continium ofaesthetic needs)

It is the esthetic component ofIOTN (Index of OrthodonticTreatment Needs)

B

117. Gingivectomy of which of the fibers canreduce the relapse of orthodontically movedteeth

a. Gingival fibersb. Alveolar crest fibersc. Transseptald. None

Ans B Alveolar crest fibers

Pericision or circumferentialsupra-crestal fibrotomy (CSF) is a

B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

minor surgical procedure that isundertaken to prevent therelapse tendency of the stretchedgingival fibres. They do notreadily readapt and reorgansie tothe new tooth position followingcorrection of rotations hencecausing relapse

The transseptal and alveolarcrestal (supra crestal) group ofgingival fibres remain stretchedand has tendency to recoilpredisposing for relapse.

principal fibres reorganize inabout 4 weeks.

The supra-alveolar gingival fibreson the other hand take as muchas 40 weeks to rearrange aroundthe new position, and thuspredispose to relapse

Pericision involves surgicalsectioning of these supracrestalfibers and allowed to heal whilethe teeth are held in the properstable position thus the tendencyfor relapse is greatly reduced.

Madhya Pradesh-2011

PEDODONTICS PEDODONTICS118. Which of the following is not a type of

cerebral palsy?a. Spasticityb. Autismc. Ataxiad. Athetosis

Ans B.

Autism is not a type of cerebralpolicy.

B

119. Tell-show-do technique was introduced bya. Addelstonb. Craigc. Christopherd. Keith moore

Ans A.TSD technique wasintroduced by Addelston

A

120. According to Stanford-Binet, non-trainabletype of mental retardation has IQ of

a. Below 20b. Between 36-51c. Above 51d. 130

Ans A. Below 20

Most of the normal children have IQrange 90110. According to Stanford-Binet test,nontrainable type of mentalretardation has an IQ of below 20.According to AmericanAssociation of Mental Deficiencyclassification scheme, a trainablementally retardedchild has an IQ range of 3651.

A

ENDODONTICS ENDODONTICS121. R.C Prep is

a. EDTAb. EDTA and urea peroxidec. EDTA and carbamide peroxided. EDTA and Cetavlon

Ans B.

R.C Prep isEDTA and urea peroxide

B

122. The most practical method to disinfect guttapercha prior to obturation is

a. Submerge in 5% solution of NaOClb. Submerge in Ethyl Alcoholc. Submerge in 5% NaOCl and rinse with

ethyl alcohold. Rinse with 3% Hydrogen peroxide.

Ans c

Gutta-percha cones may be keptsterile in screw capped vialscontaining alcohol.n To sterilise a GP cone freshlyremoved from manufacturers boxone shouldimmerse in 5.2% sodiumhypochlorite for 1 minute, then

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

rinse the cone withH2 O2 and dry it between 2 layersof sterile gauze.

CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY CONSERVATIVEDENTISTRY

123. In the concept of biological width, the valueof biological width is

a. 1mmb. 2mmc. 3mmd. 4mm

Ans B. 2mm

Biological width is about 2mm.This includes about 1mm ofconnective tissueattachment coronal to the bonymargin and about 1mm ofepithelial attachment.

B

124. The matrix retainer where in anatomyadaptation is possible without wedges

a. Tofflemireb. Steeles siqvelandc. Ivory no.1d. Ivory no.8

Ans B. Steeles siqveland

Steeles siqveland is a self-adjusting matrix retainer withoutthe use of wedges. It is usedwhen there is marked differencein the dimensions of cervical andocclusal surfaces,i.e., on tapering tooth.

B

125. Self etching primersa. Simultaneously etches and prime dentin

and enamelb. Etches enamel onlyc. Only bonds to enameld. Only removes smear layer

Ans A.Simultaneously etch and primedentin and enamel

A

126. A ferrule isa. A rule govrering gold inlay cavity

preparationb. A mechnaical rapid tooth separatorc. An encircling band of metal that

increases fracture resistance of thetooth

d. An electronic measuring device fordetermination of the length of toothduring root canal treatment.

Ans C.

A ferrule is an encircling band ofmetal that increases fractureresistance of the tooth

C

127. The compressive strength of dentine isapproximately

Ans D. 266 MPA D

Madhya Pradesh-2011

a. 468 Mpab. 162 Mpac. 350 Mpad. 266 Mpa

128. The bleaching material used in night guardvital tooth bleaching is

a. Superoxolb. Anesthetic ether an dhydrochloric acidc. Sodium bicarbonated. Carbamide peroxide

Ans D. Carbamide peroxide1015% of carbamide peroxidedegrades into 3% hydrogen peroxide(active ingredient) and 7% urea.

D

129. Powdered gold isa. Made by a combination of chemical

precipitation and atomizationb. Made by electrolytic precipitationc. Made by beating pure gold at high

temperaturesd. Made by milling pure gold ingots

Ans A

Powdered gold is madeby a combination of chemical

precipitation and atomization

A

130. Stieglitz pliers isa. Used to contour matrix bandsb. Used to hold the silver pointc. Used to remove roots during

hemisectiond. Used to place rubber dam clamp on the

tooth

Ans B

Stieglitz pliers is used to removesilver point from the canals.

B

131. Which among the following Root Canalirrrigant removes the smear layer

a. Sodium hypochlorideb. EDTAc. Hydrogen peroxided. Chlorhexidine

Ans is B. EDTA B

132. Currently available composites undergopolymerization at a wavelength of

a. 474 nmb. 470 nmc. 460 nmd. 464 nm

Ans is A.474 nm

A

133. The ideal marginal metal for cast for castinlay restoration should be

a. 20-30 degreeb. 30-40 degreec. 40-50 degreed. More than 50 degree

e. Ans B. 30-40 degree B

134. All the following criteria contribute to asuccessful direct pulp capping procedureEXCEPT:

a. Hemorrhage from the exposrue site iseasily controlled

b. The exposure site is small, less than0.5mm in diameter

c. Exposure site is the consequence ofinfected dentin extending into the pulp

d. Exposure occurred in a clean

Ans C. C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

uncontaminated field135. The maximum head diameter of ISO

Gatesglidden drill #1 is euqivalent toa. No 50 file at Dob. No 40 file at Doc. No 60 file at Dod. No 80 file at Do

Ans A. No 50 file at DoRefer q No.24 of Karnataka-2007.

A

136. The instrument that has four unit formulaa. Gingival margin trimmerb. Enamel hatchetc. Hoed. Chisel

Ans A.GMT has four unit formula

A

137. Rubber dam was introduced bya. Tomy Hanksb. S.C. Barnumc. Hedstormd. G.V.Black

Ans B.I n 1864, SC Barnum, a New YorkCity dentist, introduced the rubberdam into dentistry.

B

138. The simplest form of pulp therapy isa. Apicoectomyb. Pulp cappingc. Pulpectomyd. pulpotomy

Ans. B. Pulp capping B

PROSTHODONTICS PROSTHODONTICS139. The I-Bar RPD was introduced by

a. Berg and Caputob. Kratochvilc. McDowelld. Krol

Ans B

Repeat karnatka-2007.

RPI system (Rest, proximal plate, Ibar) advocated by Kratochvil in 1968

B

140. Thickness of the dies spacer should bea. 10-20umb. 20-40umc. 30-60umd. 25 to 50um

Ans B.20-40um

Repeat karnatka-2007.

A relief agent shouldbe painted on the die toa thickness of 25 to 40 micronstaying about 0.5 to 1 mmaway from the finish line

141. Anatomic teeth should have a cusp angle ofa. 300

b. 310

c. 320

d. 330

Ans .DRepeat karnatka-2007.

Anatomic teeth used in completedentures have cuspal inclines of33 degrees.

D

142. Ovate pontics are used inAns C.

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

a. Well rounded ridgesb. Knife edged ridgesc. Recently extracted tooth socketsd. Flat Ridges

Repeat karnatka-2007.

Ovate pontics are used in caseswhere the residual ridge is defectiveor incompletely healed

143. A High Tracing Device is used fora. Extra oral graphic tracingsb. Intra oral graphic tracingsc. Cephalometric tracingsd. Determining focal forms

Ans is ARepeat karnatka-2007.

A

144. Functional cusp Bevel is given fora. Marginal integrityb. Structural durabilityc. Retention and resistance formd. To improve the geometry of tooth

surface

Ans B.Structural durability

Repeat karnatka-2007.

B

145. Osseointegration was first defined bya. Bothe and Coworkersb. Greenfieldc. Strockd. Branemark

Ans D

The term "osseointegration"was first defined byBranemark.

D

146. The average intercondylar distance which isadequate for complete dentures is

a. 110mmb. 120mmc. 115mmd. 140mm

Ans A.Ref: complete dentures bywrinkle 2nd/156

Since rather large changesin intercondylar distance areneeded to produce perceptiblechanges in groove direction,an average intercondylardistance of 110 mm would bemore than adequate forcomplete denture

A

147. Name the muscle group which opposes thebuccinator mechanism

a. Medial pterygoidb. Lateral pterygoidc. Masseterd. Tongue muscles

Ans D. Tongue muscles D

148. The superior border of lingual bar majorconnector should be located below thegingival margin by a minimum of

a. 2mmb. 4mmc. 5mmd. 1mm

Ans B. 4mmRef : Mc.crackens posthodontics -11th/36

The upper border ofthe mandibular lingualbar should be at least 4mm below the gingivalmargin.

B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

The borders of themaxillarypalatal connectorshould beminimum of 6mm away fromthe gingival margin.

149. Two or more parallel vertical surfaces ofabutment teeth shaped to direct theprosthesis during placement and removal,are known as

a. Orientation planeb. Parallel block outc. Survey linesd. Guiding planes

Ans D. Guiding planes

Two or more vertically parallelsurfaces of abutment teethshaped to directa prosthesisduring placement andremoval are called guidingplanes. Guidingplane surfaces are parallel tothe path ofthe placement and parallel toeach other

D

150. The relationship of mandible to the maxilla when theteeth are in maximum occlusal contact irrespective ofthe position or alignment of the condyle discassemblies, is known as

a. Centric occlusionb. Centric relationc. Plane of occlusiond. Curve of spee

Ans A. Centric occlusion A

151. Vibrating line is present ona. Hard palateb. Junction of hard and soft palatec. Soft palated. Junction of muscularis mucosae and

palatine muscle

Ans C. soft palate

Vibrating line is present onposterior aspect of the palatewhich marks the junction ofmovable and immovable parts ofthe soft palate.

C

152. The theory of matching teeth to face formswas advanced by

a. Hanaub. Frush and fisherc. J.Leon Williamsd. Schiffman

Ans CRepeat Karnataka 2007

Matcing of face to tooth form isadvocated by J.Leon Williams

C.

153. Common indication for a hygienic pontic isin

a. Maxillary anteriorsb. Mandibular anteriorsc. Mandibular posteriorsd. Maxillary premolars

Ans C.Hygienic pontic is indicatedin mandibular posterior teethRepeat Karnataka 2007

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND MEDICINE COMMUNITY DENTISTRYand MEDICINE

154. Fluoride in any form is contraindicated ina. Chronic renal failureb. Osteoporosisc. Hypertensiond. Thyrotoxicosis

Ans is A Chronic renal failure

Refer Karnataka-2007 qno.33

A

155. Crippling Fluorosis is characterized bya. Blockage of blood vesselsb. Chipping of teethc. Rigid spined. Calcification of blood vessels

Ans is C

Rigid spine

Refer: Karnataka-2007 qno.181

C

156. Interruption of transmission of diseasea. Disease controlb. Disease eliminationc. Disease eradicationd. Disability limitation

Ans is B. Disease eliminationRepeat : Karnataka-2007

157. Which is the first study on water fluoridationa. Grand rapids and muskegonb. Newberg and kingstonc. Brantferd and sarniad. Evanston and park

Ans A. Grand rapids andmuskegon

The first community waterfluoridation was carried out in1945, GrandRapids.Muskegon is the control city

A

158. The lethal dose of fluoride for 70kg adult isa. 32-64mg of fluoride/kg body weightb. 50-60mg of fluoride/kg body weightc. 30-70mg of fluoride/kg body weightd. 60-80 mg of luoride/kg body weight

Ans A. 32-64mg of fluoride/kgbody weight

Refer question No. 72 of PGIjune 2006

A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

The safely tolerated dose (STD) ---- 8-16 mg fluoride/kgand is of the certain

lethal dose ( CLD) i

CERTAIN LETHAL DOSE(CLD) - 32- 64 mg F/kg body

probable toxic dose (PDT) ---5mg F/kg wt

Minimum Toxic dose ( MTD) -- 2mg F/Kg.wt

159. Who introduced APF?a. Muhlerb. Bibbyc. Brudevoldd. More

Ans C. Brudevold

Acidulated phosphate fluoridesolution is also called asBrudevold solution

C

160. In which year was 1st F dentifrice acceptedby ADA?

a. 1920b. 1984c. 1994d. 1964

Ans D. 1964

ADA accepted CREST andendorsed as a first OTCdentrifice with fluoridesformulation in the

year 1964

D

161. What is the percentage of F present in APF?a. 1.23%b. 2%

Ans A. 1.23% A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

c. 1.85%d. 0.2%

percentage of F present inAPF

is 1.23%

Brudevolds solution or APFsolution is prepared bydissolving 20 gms of NaF in1litre [2% NaF] of 0.1 Morhtophosphoric acid and tothis 50% hydro fluoric acid isadded to adjust the PH at 3.0and fluoride ion concentrationat 1.23%.

162. Where was the atraumatic restorativetreatment first introduced?

a. Tanzaniab. Chinac. U.S.Ad. New Zealand

Ans A. Tanzania

Atraumatic RestorativeTreatment was pioneeredin the mid 1980s inTanzania (according tosome sourcesSimultaneously inZimbabwe also) Prof. JE Frencken

invented ART The term ART

(Atruamatic Restorativetreatment) was coined byMcLean. ART was officially

endorsed by the WorldHealth Organizationin1994.

A

163. What is the function of humectants indentifrices?

a. Liquefies the dentifriceb. Prevents water loss and hardening of

exposure to airc. Flavours the tooth pasted. Cleans tooth surface effectively

Ans B. prevents water loss---Humectant (20-35%)----Sorbitol, glycerine---Maintainsmoisture content

B

164. The model of web of causation of diseaseswas first suggested by

a. Pettenkofer

Ans B. Mac mohan and pugh B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

b. Mac mohan and pughc. John M.Lastd. C.E.A.Winslow

Karnataka-2007.

Web of causation

This model of diseasecausation was suggested byMacMahon and Pugh in

their book: EpidemiologicPrinciples and Methods

165. DMFT Index in 1938 was not developed bya. Dean H.T.b. Henry T.Kleinc. Knutson J.Wd. Carole E.Palmer

Ans A

Dean is not concerned withDMFT

DMFT Index --- Klein, Palmerand Knutson(1944)

def index--- Groebell

Fluorosis /mottling indexDean

"def" - Index is done onlyin primary dentition stage(age specific) .

A

166. Disability limitation is a mode ofintervention in

a. Primary level of preventionb. Secondary level of preventionc. Tertiary level of preventiond. Primordial prevention

Ans c. Tertiary level ofprevention

Disability limitation is amode of intervention in

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

Tertiary level of prevention

167. The personal involved in Integrated ChildDevelopment Services (ICDS) schemeinitiated by Government of India is

a. Dhaib. Anganwadi workerc. Village health volunteersd. School health teacher

Ans B. Anganwadi worker

Repeat AIPG 2008 q No. 192

The focal point for thedelivery of integratedearly childhood servicesunder ICDS scheme isthe trained local womanknown as AnganwadiWorker (AWW). Other functionaries in the

ICDS are the ChildDevelopment ProjectOfficer (CDPO), who is incharge of 4 supervisors(MukhyaSevika) and100AWW.

B

168. The caking (drying) of dentifrice is preventedby adding

a. Celluloseb. CaCO3c. Waterd. Silica

Ans A. cellulose.

Binder ---3%----Carrageenan,carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate---acts as Thickener, preventsliquid solid separation

A

169. Opaque white areas covering more than 25%but less than 50% of the tooth surface isgiven the Deans score of

a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

Ans B. 2

White opaque areasgreater than 25 percent notinvolving as much as 100% oftooth.

B

170. New cross Auxiliaries were found ina. New Zealandb. Australia

Ans C. EnglandRefer question no.99 of

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

c. Englandd. USA

MAHE-2008

New cross auxillarieswere found in England

The dental nurse schemewasestablished inWellington. New Zealandin 192 I due to theExtensive dental diseasefound in army recruits.

The auxiliaries basedon the New Zealand typegraduated in 1962 from theErstwhile training schoolwhich was in the New Crossarea of London. Hence. theywere known as New CrossAuxiliaries . In 1979 in theU.K. the name auxiliary waschanged to therapist..

171. In community fluorosis index by Dean, thecategory moderate has a numerical weightof

a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

Ans C. .3

Refer IGNOU 2009 Q. No 19.

Numerical weight of moderatein fluorosis index is 3.

C

172. In India national cancer control programmewas launched in

a. 1975b. 1979c. 1982d. 1995

Ans A. 1975Ref- Hiramath- communitydentistry-1st/72.

The Govt. of Indiahas launched a NationalCancer Control Programme in1975 an and revised itsstrategies in 1984-85 National small pox

eradication programme-1960 National cancer control

programme-1975 National blindness

A

Madhya Pradesh-2011

eradication programme-1976 Universal immunization

programme-1978 National Mental health

programme-1984 National AIDS control

programme- 1987 Anti-tobacco programme-

2003

173. Clinical trial is a research method ina. Case control studyb. Descriptive studyc. Experimental studyd. Cohort study

Ans C Experimental studyRef- Hiramath- communitydentistry-1st/28

Experimental studies aresimilar to cohort study exceptthat study is under the controlof investigator.There will be an experimentalgroup and control group.

Experimental studies are oftwo types randomized clinicaltrials and non randomized ornon experimentalclinical trials.

In clinical research, standardmethods include cohortstudies (prospective, orretrospective; the randomizedcontrolled clinical trial is asub-category of theprospective cohort study)

C

174. DURAPHAT isa. Fluoride varnishb. Impression materialc. Restorative materiald. Bonding agent

Ans A.DURAPHAT is Fluoridevarnish

A

175. Bitter taste and unstability aredisadvantages of

a. NaFb. SnF2c. APF

Ans B. Sn F2

Stannous fluoride has thedisadvantage of bitter tasteand unstability. It has to be

B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

d. None of the above. prepared just beforeapplication.

176. Dental caries isa. Endemicb. Epidemicc. Infectiousd. Contagious

Ans C.Infectious

Keys experiments hasdemonstated that theDentalcaries is infectious andtransmissible disease..

Vertical transmission frommother to child ispossible. Horizontal transmission

from person to person isnot possible. So It is not acommunicable orcontagious.

C

177. PMA index is used to recorda. Periodotal diseasesb. Root cariesc. Fluorosisd. Gingival disease

Ans D. Gingival disease

Frequently repeated question

The primary impetus whichled to the development of thePMA indexin 19441947 was the needfor some quantitative methodof recordingreadily-observableinflammatory conditions of thegingival to replacethe then current grossassessment gingivitis in bothchildren and adultsas mild, moderate (or)severe.

D

178. The probe used to assess periodontalcondition in epidemiological studies

a. Nabers probeb. NIDR probec. Williams probed. CPITN probe

Ans D. CPITN probe

The Joint Working Committeeof WHO/ FDI have namedtwo types of WHO probeCPITNE - Epidemiologicalprobe with 3.5 mm and 5.5mm markings,CPITNC - Clinical probewith additional 8.5 mm and11.5 mm marking

D

179. The global monitoring age for caries isa. 3 years

Ans. C. 12 yearsThe global monitoring age for

c

Madhya Pradesh-2011

b. 7 yearsc. 12 yearsd. 18 years

caries is12 years

GENERAL MEDICINE AND GENERALSURGERY

GENERAL MEDICINE ANDGENERAL SURGERY

180. Features of upper motor lesion include allEXCEPT:

a. Spastic paralysisb. Deep reflexes absentc. Babinski sign presentd. Muscle atrophy absent

Ans B.

In Upper motor neuron lesion thedeep tendons are exaggegated

Ref::Dentest clinical science-General medicine

Clinical sign Upper motor[Pyramidallesion]

Power Weak

Tone Spasticity

[hypertonia]

Wasting/Atrophy

None

Superficialreflexes

Absent

Deep tendonreflexes

Exaggerated

Plantarresponse

Extensor [+veBabinskis sign]

B

Madhya Pradesh-2011

181. Most common upper GI bleed isa. Neoplasmb. PeptiC ulcerc. Varicesd. Erosive esophagitis

Ans B. peptic ulcerThe commonest cause of

massive upper gastrointestinalbleeding is: [COMEDK 03] ------ Peptic ulcer

Hematemesis indicates an upper

GI source of bleeding (above theligament of Treitz). Melenaindicates that blood has beenpresent in the GI tract for at least14 h. Thus, the more proximal (towards the oesophagus ) thebleeding site, the more likelymelena will occur

Variceal bleeding often occurswithout obvious precipitatingfactors and usually presents withpainless but massivehematemesis with or withoutmelena.

Heamoptysis Coughing of

Hematemesis vomitus of red bloodwith food particles

Hematochezia is the passage of bright red or maroon blood from the rectumGIT lesion

Melena Black, (Dark)of upper gastro intestinal bleeding mainly oesophagealvarices bleeding

Epistaxis Bleeding from nose

B

182. Direct hyperbilirubinemia is said when itsconcentration in blood is

a. >15%b. >50%c. >30%d. >85%

Ans

D. >30%

Ref: - clarks general medicine e-edition -5th/1221>30%--- Direct ( conjugated)hyperbilirubinemia

C

Madhya Pradesh-2011

>85% -- inDirect ( unconjugated)hyperbilirubinemia

Serum Bilirubin Bilirubin, abreakdown product of theporphyrin ring of heme-containingproteins, is found in the blood intwo fractionsconjugated and unconjugated.

The van den Bergh assay, or avariation of it, is still used in mostclinical chemistry laboratories todetermine the total serum bilirubinlevel and what amount isconjugated or unconjugatedbilirubin.

The unconjugated fraction, alsotermed the indirect fraction, isinsoluble in water and is bound toalbumin in the blood.

The conjugated (direct) bilirubinfraction is water soluble and cantherefore be excreted by thekidney. When measured by theoriginal van den Bergh method,the normal total serum bilirubinconcentration is less than 1mg/dL. Up to 30%, or 0.3 mg/d