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Motorways of the Sea as Part Motorways of the Sea as Part of the revised TEN-Tof the revised TEN-T
Dr. G. AifadopoulouDr. G. Aifadopoulou
Managing Director TRUTh S.A.Managing Director TRUTh S.A.
““Lessons” Lessons” learned by the learned by the
TEN-T mapTEN-T mapLand infrastructure projects
are “bridging” the major ports of EU
Priority is given to rail and Motorways of the sea
The long “land corridors”are balanced by
“long maritime” links
Sea motorways are “used” to provide alternatives to land bottlenecks but also “feed”
major transit networks of EU
From the Short sea shipping to…. the From the Short sea shipping to…. the Motorways of the Sea (1/3)Motorways of the Sea (1/3)
Since 1992 the EC has made short Sea Shipping one of the
major priorities for European transport.
SSS raised a difficult economic question, principally because
the relationship between demand (consignors) and supply
(operators) still remains uncertain
The main factor limiting maritime solutions lies in the capacity
to provide a competitive offer in terms of low cost and
guaranteed delivery time.
Numerous experiments have had to be quickly abandoned and
this raises the question of public intervention.
From the Short sea shipping to…. the From the Short sea shipping to…. the Motorways of the Sea (2/3)Motorways of the Sea (2/3)
The White Paper aware of the limitations on the spontaneous creation of SSS services proposed to develop a system of sign-posting and support to encourage stat-ups through European funding (Marco Polo, Structural Funds)
A number of new SSS services benefited under the PACT program (1997-2001) aimed at intermodal transport projects.
National and European aid was used as an incentive for maritime operators in reducing their industrial risk and/or creating direct price incentive.
On April 2003 the European Commission adopted a 14 point program for boosting SSS, citing among others the “sea motorways”.
From the Short sea shipping to…. the From the Short sea shipping to…. the Motorways of the Sea (3/3)Motorways of the Sea (3/3)
October 2003 extension of the TEN–T :“A new mechanism for supporting motorways of the sea is proposed to encourage joint initiatives by the member states to launce new regular transnational cargo shipping lines (…). It will give the sea motorways which improve links with island and countries isolated by natural barriers such as Alps, the Pyrenees and the Baltic Sea the same importance as motorways and railways in the Trans-European network”.
Greece, Italy and Slovenia strongly supported and achieved the inclusion of the Adriatic Ionian Sea motorway in the priority scheme for the TEN-T development.
What is a sea motorway? What is a sea motorway? (The European Commission view) (1/3)(The European Commission view) (1/3)
1.1. Seminar of European Commission on Sea Seminar of European Commission on Sea motorways (January 2003)motorways (January 2003)
“….Maritime links to connect regions and provide links with peripheral regions, avoid bottlenecks, and provide EU access to world markets”.
Although a new concept the participants recognized Although a new concept the participants recognized that it was still an “undefined concept” having that it was still an “undefined concept” having similarities with short sea shipping but with an similarities with short sea shipping but with an enlarged envisaged “function” within TEN-T.enlarged envisaged “function” within TEN-T.
What is a sea motorway? What is a sea motorway? (The European Commission view) (2/3)(The European Commission view) (2/3)
2.2. According to the Van Miert Report According to the Van Miert Report
“Genuine motorways of the sea are aimed at acting as a substitute of motorways of land, either to avoid saturated land corridors, or to give access to countries separated from the rest of the European Union by seas”.
This concept is valid for passenger and cargo in three This concept is valid for passenger and cargo in three maritime areas of Europe (the Atlantic, the Baltic, the maritime areas of Europe (the Atlantic, the Baltic, the
West Mediterranean) by the use of ro-ro ships. West Mediterranean) by the use of ro-ro ships.
What about lo-lo/lift-on/lift-off freight transportation and the What about lo-lo/lift-on/lift-off freight transportation and the other maritime areas? other maritime areas?
What is the relevant justification of land infrastructure What is the relevant justification of land infrastructure development included in the TEN-T included for the same development included in the TEN-T included for the same
purpose with the sea motorways development?purpose with the sea motorways development?
What is a sea motorway? What is a sea motorway? (The European Commission view) (3/3)(The European Commission view) (3/3)
3.3. According to the Van Miert GroupAccording to the Van Miert Group
““The successful development of sea motorways will depend on a
number of prerequisites or parallel actions such as concentrating
freight, gaining the support of hauliers, shippers and forwarders,
eliminating customs checks and other administrative burdens,
the development of electronic reporting for Port Authorities, the
provision of appropriate facilities”.
However, there are no recommendations for ports and routes
selection and the “prerequisites” cannot always be
matched. Who will select the ports ?
What is a sea motorway? What is a sea motorway? (According to the operators) (According to the operators)
IntraEuropean maritime transport has a long experience on long
– haul routes at best with daily departures (more frequent
departures for limited short links).
Competition against road is feasible for journeys around 1500
klms.
Successful examples of SM are based on dedicated industrial
cargo (cars, paper).Finland–Belgium,Turkey-Trieste,Genoa-
Barcelona.
Good start up cases are benefit form Marco Polo aid.
“Powerful” business cases for dedicated transport.
Transport Market oriented approach should be followed.
What is a sea motorway? What is a sea motorway? (Other definitions) (Other definitions)
Richermont’s report:”the creation of links of general interest
(Atlantic and Mediterranean) with the direct aim of extending
territory to the sea.
Ministers of Transport EU MED countries (July 2003): A
vessel operating on a SM (regular basis) is considered as
infrastructure & as such is entitled to benefit public private
partnership.
Richermont’s report: the states should be the organizing authority
responsible for defining services & then creating PP companies which
would own the vessels.
Quality of Service is critical parameter for defining the SM.
The direct relation with the economy of the regions concerned is
needed.
Changing perception and perspectivesChanging perception and perspectivesfor sea motorways development for sea motorways development
3. From the vessel as instrument to the transport
infrastructure.
4. From constraints to complementarities
5. From cargo transport to logistics services
6. From a lorry as a tool to the intermodal loading
unit
7. From transport market driven to public aid
8. From strategic planning suggested “projects”, to
maritime solutions that are “structuring” the area
in the context of spatial planning.
The case of the Adriatic Ionian Sea The case of the Adriatic Ionian Sea MotorwayMotorway
The operation of Sea Motorway schemes should contribute The operation of Sea Motorway schemes should contribute efficiently to:efficiently to:
1.1. Relieve land congestion Relieve land congestion
2.2. Provide sea legs that offer as long short sea connections Provide sea legs that offer as long short sea connections as possibleas possible
3.3. Overpass natural barriers Overpass natural barriers
4.4. Diminish peripheriality of countries as bottleneckDiminish peripheriality of countries as bottleneck
5.5. Achieve cooperation between Member states and actors of Achieve cooperation between Member states and actors of the transport domain on national and transnational basis the transport domain on national and transnational basis
6.6. Maintain regular SSS between maritime coastal areasMaintain regular SSS between maritime coastal areas
7.7. Serve real and dynamically developed transport demand Serve real and dynamically developed transport demand and trade flows between portsand trade flows between ports
Objectives for efficient SEA-Motorways Objectives for efficient SEA-Motorways Schemes development in Adriatic-IonionSchemes development in Adriatic-Ionion
Provision of efficient maritime transport service between Provision of efficient maritime transport service between
ports which are able to act as cargo bundling points in the ports which are able to act as cargo bundling points in the
influence area of the Corridorinfluence area of the Corridor
Development of the land transport infrastructure in order to Development of the land transport infrastructure in order to
achieve cargo bundling and combination of transport achieve cargo bundling and combination of transport
modes using as much as possible existing transport modes using as much as possible existing transport
infrastructure and transport capacity.infrastructure and transport capacity.
Concentration on existing and dynamically developed Concentration on existing and dynamically developed
logistics chainslogistics chains
Objectives for efficient SEA-Motorways Objectives for efficient SEA-Motorways Schemes development in Adriatic-IonionSchemes development in Adriatic-Ionion
Development of port infrastructure in order to achieve Development of port infrastructure in order to achieve
interoperability of ports interoperability of ports
Definition of a port’s synergy scheme by defining Port’s role Definition of a port’s synergy scheme by defining Port’s role
and specialization, in the context of the Sea Motorway and specialization, in the context of the Sea Motorway
scheme, thus avoiding “useless” Ports’ competition and scheme, thus avoiding “useless” Ports’ competition and
unjustified ports’ capacity development.unjustified ports’ capacity development.
Definition of a Sea motorway scheme, which will “respect” Definition of a Sea motorway scheme, which will “respect”
the already made investments of the key actors of the the already made investments of the key actors of the
transport sector (such as shipping companies) trying to transport sector (such as shipping companies) trying to
create added value on the transport industry investments.create added value on the transport industry investments.
Selection of physical logistic chains along Selection of physical logistic chains along the Adriatic Ionianthe Adriatic Ionian
Logistic chains segmented by O/D pairs Greece – Central & North EuropeGreece – Central & North Europe Black Sea – Central EuropeBlack Sea – Central Europe Balkan countries – Central EuropeBalkan countries – Central Europe East Mediterranean – Central and North EuropeEast Mediterranean – Central and North Europe North Africa – Central and North EuropeNorth Africa – Central and North Europe Central Europe – East and Fare EastCentral Europe – East and Fare East
Logistic chains segmented by product:: Fresh and refrigerated (sensitive) goodsFresh and refrigerated (sensitive) goods Agriculture products (olive, cereals etc)Agriculture products (olive, cereals etc) General cargoGeneral cargo
Segmented by transport modes combination: Black Sea – Central EuropeBlack Sea – Central Europe: Rail – maritime - Rail: Rail – maritime - Rail Balkan area – Central EuropeBalkan area – Central Europe: Rail – maritime – rail / Road – : Rail – maritime – rail / Road –
maritime - Roadmaritime - Road East Mediterranean – Central and North EuropeEast Mediterranean – Central and North Europe: maritime – : maritime –
road/rail- maritime – road/rail.road/rail- maritime – road/rail. North Africa – Central and North EuropeNorth Africa – Central and North Europe: maritime – road/rail: maritime – road/rail
Major Logistic Chains to be served by Major Logistic Chains to be served by Adriatic-Ionian Sea-MotorwayAdriatic-Ionian Sea-Motorway
0,5
0,2
1,0 mil.t.
Selection of major Ports of the Adriatic Selection of major Ports of the Adriatic Ionian Sea Motorway SchemeIonian Sea Motorway Scheme
GREECEGREECE: : IgoumenitsaIgoumenitsa, , PatrasPatras and and VolosVolos (due to the (due to the
competitive time distance with the Adriatic Ionian Corridor competitive time distance with the Adriatic Ionian Corridor
following the foreseen direct railway and existing road following the foreseen direct railway and existing road
connection with the port of Igoumenitsa). connection with the port of Igoumenitsa).
ITALYITALY: : TriesteTrieste, , VeniceVenice, , RavennaRavenna, , AnconaAncona, , BariBari, ,
BrindisiBrindisi, , TarantoTaranto
SLOVENIASLOVENIA: : KoperKoper
Selected Ports for Sea-Motorways Schemes Selected Ports for Sea-Motorways Schemes in Adriatic-Ionionin Adriatic-Ionion
ConclusionsConclusions
The SM idea need to be further defined. The SM idea need to be further defined.
The main actors influencing the success of the The main actors influencing the success of the schemes should achieve common understanding schemes should achieve common understanding about SM.about SM.
The direct relation of the SM development with the The direct relation of the SM development with the regional economy prospects is considered crucial.regional economy prospects is considered crucial.
The efficient PP schemes are a prerequisite for The efficient PP schemes are a prerequisite for economic viable scenarios.economic viable scenarios.
Quality of service offered is a success factor.Quality of service offered is a success factor.
The National or European aid in necessary for The National or European aid in necessary for achieving competitiveness to road alternatives. achieving competitiveness to road alternatives.
