MOTIVATION

INTRODUCTION

• Motivation is the desire that workers possess to complete a task

• Example:

• It is motivation that determines whether a laborer completes a task according to the requirements

• Organizations motivate their employees through: Training sessions Recreation events

INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

• Intrinsic motivation involves engaging attitudes and behavior for personal reward

• Working on a task from an inward drive

• Extrinsic motivation involves tackling of an activity for an external reward such as money

• For example, studying to get a good grade for a job.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

• Maslow's Hierarchy theory

• Herzberg’s hygiene theory

• McGregor Theory X

• McGregor theory Y

MASLOW’S NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY

• Individuals are motivated by following the hierarchy of needs

• The needs start from:Basic needsSafetyLove and BelongingEsteem Actualization of vision

MASLOW’S NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY

HERZBERG’S HYGIENE THEORY

• It states that there are specific factors in a work place that bring about job satisfaction

• Moreover, another set of factors result to dissatisfaction

• The satisfiers are the motivators

• The dissatisfiers are hygiene factors

• The maintenance factors help to avoid dissatisfaction

• There should be balance between the satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors

FACTORS LEADING TO DISSATISFACTION

• Supervision

• Working conditions

• Salaries and Wages

• Relationship with the Boss

• Relationship with peers

• The policies of the company

FACTORS LEADING TO SATISFACTION

• Recognition

• Growth and development

• Responsibility

• Advancement or promotion

• Achievements

MCGREGOR THEORY X AND Y

• The theory was developed by Douglas McGregor

• Managers come across two types of employees at the work place

• The theory X and Y involve tactics that are used to deal with employees

• The main aim is to generate profits for the company

• The tactics aims at making employees work at their highest degree

THEORY X ASSUMPTIONS

• The individuals are lazy and dislike their work

• They attempt to avoid work

• An authoritarian must supervise them to make sure they complete tasks

• The managers rely on threatening the workers with punishment

• Theory X managers believe that all actions can be traced if individuals need an award

• The theory limits the employees to show their potential

• It reduces chances of creativity among workers

THEORY Y

• Managers believe that the employees are self motivated and hardworking

• The employees enjoy physical and mental duties

• The employees are creative

• The managers ensure proper working conditions for the employees

• The managers view employees positively

• A climate of trust is easily developed by theory Y managers that theory X

• Decision making involves collective sharing of ideas

COMBINES THEORY X AND Y

• A manager can apply theory X and Y tactics collectively

• The theory X workers dislike the job and require supervision to tackle their professional duties

• Suppose they are not supervised but given professional responsibilities to achieve

• The Freedom similar to theory Y makes them perform effectively on their responsibilities

• They theory X workers need the opportunity to be creative and find solutions to problems

CONCLUSION

• Motivation is the increment of the desire to complete a certain task

• Intrinsic motivation is motivation from within the employee

• Extrinsic is the motivation from external factors in the company

• The theories of motivation include:

a)Maslow's Hierarchy theory

b)Herzberg’s hygiene theory

c)McGregor Theory X

d)McGregor theory Y