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Energy conservation'' means to reduce the quantity of energy that is usedfor dierent purposes. This practice may result in increase of nancial capital, environmental value, national and personal security, and human comfort.Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of energy may wantto conserve energy in order to reduce energy costs and promote economic,

political and environmental sustainability. Industrial and commercial usersmay want to increase eciency and thus ma!imize prot.On a larger scale, energy conservation is an important element ofenergy policy . In general, energy conservation reduces the energyconsumption and energy demand per capita. This reduces the rise in energycosts, and can reduce the need for new power plants, and energy imports.

The reduced energy demand can provide more exibility in choosing themost preferred methods of energy production.By reducing emissions, energy conservation is an important method to prevent climate change. nergy conservation ma!es it easier to replacenon"renewable resources with renewable energy . nergy conservation isoften the most economical solution to energy shortages.

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The #.$. is currently the largest consumer of energy, although there are alot of current levels of growth, it is possible that in the future %hina couldbecome the leading energy consumer. The #.$. &epartment of nergycategori'es national energy use in four broad sectors( transportation,residential, commercial, and industrial."#$

nergy usage in the transportation and residential sectors )about half of#.$. energy consumption* is largely controlled by individual domesticconsumers. %ommercial and industrial energy usage are controlled bybusinesses. +ational energy policy has a signicant e-ect on energy usageacross all four sectors

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%echanical energy &symbols % or ' manifest in many forms, but can be

broadly classied into potential energy &p,  , # or /' and (inetic energy &( 

or T '. The term potential energy is a very general term, because it e!ists inall force elds, such as gravitation, electrostatic and magnetic elds.)otential energy refers to the energy any ob*ect gain due to its position in a

force eld. The relation between mechanical energy with (inetic and potential energy issimply

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+ound is a form of mechanical vibration which propagates through anymechanical medium. It is closely related to the ability of the human ear toperceive sound. The wide outer area of the ear is ma!imized to collect soundvibrations. It is amplied and passed through the outer ear, stri(ing theeardrum, which transmits sounds into the inner ear. uditory nerves re

according to the particular vibrations of the sound waves in the inner ear,which designate such things as the pitch and volume of the sound. The ear isset up in an optimal way to interpret sound energy in the form of vibrations.

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 Thermal energy &of some state of matter - gas, plasma, solid, etc.' is theenergy associated with the microscopical random motion of particlesconstituting the media. or e!ample, in case of monatomic gas it is *ust a(inetic energy of motion of atoms of gas as measured in the reference frameof the center of mass of gas. In case of molecules in the gas rotational and

vibrational energy is involved. In the case of liquids and solids there is alsopotential energy &of interaction of atoms' involved, and so on. heat is dened as a transfer &/ow' of thermal energy across certainboundary &for e!ample, from a hot body to cold via the area of their contact'. practical denition for small transfers of heat is

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along with electric potential energy, provides the energy released fromnuclear ssion and nuclear fusion processes. The result of both theseprocesses are nuclei in which the more-optimal size of the nucleus allows thenuclear force &which is opposed by the electromagnetic force' to bind nuclearparticles more tightly together than before the reaction.

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 The gravitational force very near the surface of a massive body &e.g. aplanet' varies very little with small changes in height, h, and locally is equalmg where m is mass, and g is the gravitational acceleration &0 eldstrength'. t the 1arth2s surface g 3 4.5# m s6#. In these cases, thegravitational potential energy is given by

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solar use is intrinsicallyunderestimated as we don2t (nowhow much passive solar energy isused in heating, for e!ample.

ossil fuel use is 789, or 559 withoutfuelwood:ind, solar, and geothermal totalabout #9.)roduction and consumption ofenergy is misbalanced)roduction and consumption ratios;